National Security and Economy have been two important variables when countries have considered their development agendas. Since world war 2 these two concepts were considered different. In the last 50 years or so that has changed as there is consensus among international relations experts, economists and officials belonging to the national security apparatus of many countries that these two concepts are interlinked. Ever since the Soviet Union fell in august 1991 due to various reasons like dwindling economy, excessive state control and the soviet afghan war. Countries have started noticing this friendship between national security and the economy. Countries like India, japan, south Korea, and western European nations have realized that if they want to keep their citizens safe becoming economically self-sustainable is the only practical and permanent solution.
{"title":"National Security and Economy Decoding the Friendship","authors":"Dr Ashwini Sonawane, Mohit Tindwani","doi":"10.32388/vjpwcn","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/vjpwcn","url":null,"abstract":"National Security and Economy have been two important variables when countries have considered their development agendas. Since world war 2 these two concepts were considered different. In the last 50 years or so that has changed as there is consensus among international relations experts, economists and officials belonging to the national security apparatus of many countries that these two concepts are interlinked. Ever since the Soviet Union fell in august 1991 due to various reasons like dwindling economy, excessive state control and the soviet afghan war. Countries have started noticing this friendship between national security and the economy. Countries like India, japan, south Korea, and western European nations have realized that if they want to keep their citizens safe becoming economically self-sustainable is the only practical and permanent solution.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"60 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of: \"Audit of Dialysis Vascular Access in a Sub-Saharan Tertiary Hospital\"","authors":"Bashir Bashir","doi":"10.32388/zap3i2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/zap3i2","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p/>","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"96 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140665567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irem Dogruoglu, Yağmur Akarsu, Çağla Selen Şen, O. Pekcan, Bengü Özuğur Uysal
Despite their industrial popularity, plastics; specifically in packaging, have been known for their harmful environmental impact. In this work, as an alternative to plastic packaging, microalgae, and starch-based materials were employed. Here, gel formation mechanisms were investigated by using photometric analyses, namely photon transmission and absorbing techniques. Heating (gel-sol) and cooling (sol-gel) experiments were performed, and absorbance (A), transmittance (T), and Arrhenius plots were generated to observe the behavior of the mentioned materials during phase transition processes. The heating and cooling experiments revealed that the addition of starch quickened the gel-sol transitions but slowed down the sol-gel transitions. Hence, the results suggested that the sample containing _Chlorella, k-Carrageenan_, and starch was the most promising potential alternative for plastic packaging.
{"title":"Impact of Starch Concentration on Chlorella-k-Carrageenan Gel Formation Mechanism","authors":"Irem Dogruoglu, Yağmur Akarsu, Çağla Selen Şen, O. Pekcan, Bengü Özuğur Uysal","doi":"10.32388/a5z8vs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/a5z8vs","url":null,"abstract":"Despite their industrial popularity, plastics; specifically in packaging, have been known for their harmful environmental impact. In this work, as an alternative to plastic packaging, microalgae, and starch-based materials were employed. Here, gel formation mechanisms were investigated by using photometric analyses, namely photon transmission and absorbing techniques. Heating (gel-sol) and cooling (sol-gel) experiments were performed, and absorbance (A), transmittance (T), and Arrhenius plots were generated to observe the behavior of the mentioned materials during phase transition processes. The heating and cooling experiments revealed that the addition of starch quickened the gel-sol transitions but slowed down the sol-gel transitions. Hence, the results suggested that the sample containing _Chlorella, k-Carrageenan_, and starch was the most promising potential alternative for plastic packaging.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"129 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140669283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramkumar Lakshminarayanan, Bashair khalfan Al Wahaibi, Fatma said Al Kasbi, Sara said Al Araimi, Abdul-Malik sulaiman Al Barwani, Ahmed farag Al Gheilani
Deploying WordPress in Docker offers a flexible and efficient solution for managing web applications. This approach encapsulates WordPress and its dependencies within containers, facilitating easy deployment across various environments. Embracing Docker for WordPress deployment introduces a dynamic and efficient approach to elevate web application management and fortify security. WordPress in docker provides dedicated focus on load balancing. In our study, we implemented various load balancing algorithms and evaluated the performance and behavior in loading balancing the request.
{"title":"Deploying WordPress in Docker: A Scalable and Secure Solution","authors":"Ramkumar Lakshminarayanan, Bashair khalfan Al Wahaibi, Fatma said Al Kasbi, Sara said Al Araimi, Abdul-Malik sulaiman Al Barwani, Ahmed farag Al Gheilani","doi":"10.32388/00qwfp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/00qwfp","url":null,"abstract":"Deploying WordPress in Docker offers a flexible and efficient solution for managing web applications. This approach encapsulates WordPress and its dependencies within containers, facilitating easy deployment across various environments. Embracing Docker for WordPress deployment introduces a dynamic and efficient approach to elevate web application management and fortify security. WordPress in docker provides dedicated focus on load balancing. In our study, we implemented various load balancing algorithms and evaluated the performance and behavior in loading balancing the request.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"36 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140671660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Study of a historical-documentary and/or bibliographical nature around the pedagogical figure of Joaquim Tomás, using hermeneutic methodology in the analysis and interpretation of sources (primary, secondary), complemented with interviews with a relative of his, which allowed us to historically reconstruct the life path and primary school teacher/inspector, admirer of the ideals of the New School and innovative school experiences in Europe. The hermeneutic method, indebted to the text/language and mediator in the research and interpretation of documentary sources, made us contextualize this figure of pedagogue in the socio-historical and political time in which he lived. We were guided by the following objectives: analyzing the work and actions of J. Tomás in the historical period of his life; understand in light of the time (context), the author, documentary authenticity and reliability, the nature of the argumentative interpretation related to education/teaching and modern pedagogy; identify J. Tomás within the ideas of the Escola Nova movement; value this pedagogical figure for the History of Education. In this rescue of individual memory for the collective in the field of Education, we wanted to deepen J. Tomás' contributions to the History of Education in Portugal and, mainly, his didactic-pedagogical aspect of primary education.
围绕若阿金-托马斯（Joaquim Tomás）这一教育人物开展的历史文献学和/或书目学研究，采用诠释学方法分析和解释资料来源（第一手资料、第二手资料），辅之以对其亲属的访谈，使我们能够从历史角度重构这位小学教师/督学的人生轨迹，他是欧洲新学校理想和创新学校经验的崇拜者。在研究和解释文献资料的过程中，解释学方法借助文本/语言和中介，使我们能够将这位教育家的形象与他所处的社会历史和政治时代联系起来。我们的目标如下：分析 J. Tomás 在其生活的历史时期的工作和行动；根据时间（背景）、作者、文献的真实性和可靠性，了解与教育/教学和现代教育学有关的论证解释的性质；在新学校运动的思想中识别 J. Tomás；重视这位教育史上的教育家。在这次为教育领域的集体抢救个人记忆的活动中，我们希望加深 J. Tomás 对葡萄牙教育史的贡献，主要是他在初等教育教学方面的贡献。
{"title":"Portuguese Pedagogue of the Escola Nova in the 1st Republic (1910-26), Military Dictatorship (1926-28) and New State (1928-1974): Joaquim Tomás (1873-1973)","authors":"E. Martins","doi":"10.32388/05rlpp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/05rlpp","url":null,"abstract":"Study of a historical-documentary and/or bibliographical nature around the pedagogical figure of Joaquim Tomás, using hermeneutic methodology in the analysis and interpretation of sources (primary, secondary), complemented with interviews with a relative of his, which allowed us to historically reconstruct the life path and primary school teacher/inspector, admirer of the ideals of the New School and innovative school experiences in Europe. The hermeneutic method, indebted to the text/language and mediator in the research and interpretation of documentary sources, made us contextualize this figure of pedagogue in the socio-historical and political time in which he lived. We were guided by the following objectives: analyzing the work and actions of J. Tomás in the historical period of his life; understand in light of the time (context), the author, documentary authenticity and reliability, the nature of the argumentative interpretation related to education/teaching and modern pedagogy; identify J. Tomás within the ideas of the Escola Nova movement; value this pedagogical figure for the History of Education. In this rescue of individual memory for the collective in the field of Education, we wanted to deepen J. Tomás' contributions to the History of Education in Portugal and, mainly, his didactic-pedagogical aspect of primary education.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"53 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140666183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Despite the growing evidence of Diabetic Nephropathy in adult patients with long-standing diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa, data on its burden and correlates in adult African patients with diabetes are limited. We, therefore, undertook this study to determine the burden and predictors of Diabetic Nephropathy n an adult population with diabetes in Hospital. OBJECTIVE: We, therefore, undertook this study to determine the burden and predictors of Diabetic Nephropathy n an adult population with diabetes in Hospital. METHODS: A Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August, 2023 and a systematic random sampling method used to recruit participants. A total of 4,300 diabetics are under observation. The interviewer used structured questionnaires to gather data from the study subjects. For data entry and analysis, Epi Data version 3.1.1 and SPSS version 25 were used. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done after descriptive statistics. 95% confidence intervals (CI) and crude and adjusted odds ratios were presented. RESULTS: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) was documented in population was 24.9% from the 369 participants (95%; CI 23.37– 26.43) participants among the study). Male sex [AOR = 2.215; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.45, p = 0.002], physically inactive [AOR = 1.983; 95% CI: 1.05, 3.70), P = 0.034], dyslipidaemia [AOR: 1.98, CI: 1.009, 3.5), P = 0.024] and poor controlled glycemia [AOR= 2.70; 1.40, 5.2), P = 0.003] were significant determinants for the development of Diabetic Nephropathy. Therefore, it is advised that healthcare professionals pay close attention to patients who have recognized related factors during follow-up in order to reduce the likelihood of DN. CONCLUSION: Among DM patients, sex, physical inactivity, dyslipidaemia, and poor glycemic control were discovered to be the predictors of diabetic nephropathy. By enhancing programs for health information, education, and promotion, diabetes management should be better equipped to achieve glycaemic control and prevent diabetic nephropathy. Male sex, sedentary lifestyles, dyslipidemia, and patients with poor glycemic control need to receive more attention.
{"title":"Burden and Predictors of Diabetic Nephropathy in an Adult With Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Follow up at Ambo University Referral Hospital Central Ethiopia","authors":"D. Hirpa, Bilisuma Girma","doi":"10.32388/2vcc0d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/2vcc0d","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Despite the growing evidence of Diabetic Nephropathy in adult patients with long-standing diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa, data on its burden and correlates in adult African patients with diabetes are limited. We, therefore, undertook this study to determine the burden and predictors of Diabetic Nephropathy n an adult population with diabetes in Hospital.\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE: We, therefore, undertook this study to determine the burden and predictors of Diabetic Nephropathy n an adult population with diabetes in Hospital.\u0000\u0000METHODS: A Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August, 2023 and a systematic random sampling method used to recruit participants. A total of 4,300 diabetics are under observation. The interviewer used structured questionnaires to gather data from the study subjects. For data entry and analysis, Epi Data version 3.1.1 and SPSS version 25 were used. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done after descriptive statistics. 95% confidence intervals (CI) and crude and adjusted odds ratios were presented.\u0000\u0000RESULTS: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) was documented in population was 24.9% from the 369 participants (95%; CI 23.37– 26.43) participants among the study). Male sex [AOR = 2.215; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.45, p = 0.002], physically inactive [AOR = 1.983; 95% CI: 1.05, 3.70), P = 0.034], dyslipidaemia [AOR: 1.98, CI: 1.009, 3.5), P = 0.024] and poor controlled glycemia [AOR= 2.70; 1.40, 5.2), P = 0.003] were significant determinants for the development of Diabetic Nephropathy. Therefore, it is advised that healthcare professionals pay close attention to patients who have recognized related factors during follow-up in order to reduce the likelihood of DN.\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION: Among DM patients, sex, physical inactivity, dyslipidaemia, and poor glycemic control were discovered to be the predictors of diabetic nephropathy. By enhancing programs for health information, education, and promotion, diabetes management should be better equipped to achieve glycaemic control and prevent diabetic nephropathy. Male sex, sedentary lifestyles, dyslipidemia, and patients with poor glycemic control need to receive more attention.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"28 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140672088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study delves into the vital task of classifying chest X-ray (CXR) samples, particularly those related to respiratory ailments, using advanced clinical image analysis and computer-aided radiology techniques. Its primary focus is on developing a classifier to accurately identify COVID-19 cases. Through the application of machine learning and computer vision methodologies, the research aims to enhance the precision of COVID-19 detection. It investigates the effectiveness of Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) feature extraction techniques in conjunction with various classifiers, such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Naive Bayes (NB), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and Tree Bagger (TB), alongside an innovative ensemble learning approach. Results indicate impressive accuracy rates, with KNN, SVM, DT, NB, and TB all surpassing the 90% mark. However, the ensemble learning method emerges as the standout performer. By leveraging HOG features extracted from CXR images, this approach presents a robust solution for COVID-19 diagnosis, offering a powerful tool to address the diagnostic challenges posed by the pandemic.
{"title":"Application of Ensemble Learning in CXR Classification for Enhancing COVID-19 Diagnosis","authors":"Zeinab Rahimi Rise, M. Ershadi","doi":"10.32388/1nmnye","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/1nmnye","url":null,"abstract":"This study delves into the vital task of classifying chest X-ray (CXR) samples, particularly those related to respiratory ailments, using advanced clinical image analysis and computer-aided radiology techniques. Its primary focus is on developing a classifier to accurately identify COVID-19 cases. Through the application of machine learning and computer vision methodologies, the research aims to enhance the precision of COVID-19 detection. It investigates the effectiveness of Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) feature extraction techniques in conjunction with various classifiers, such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Naive Bayes (NB), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and Tree Bagger (TB), alongside an innovative ensemble learning approach. Results indicate impressive accuracy rates, with KNN, SVM, DT, NB, and TB all surpassing the 90% mark. However, the ensemble learning method emerges as the standout performer. By leveraging HOG features extracted from CXR images, this approach presents a robust solution for COVID-19 diagnosis, offering a powerful tool to address the diagnostic challenges posed by the pandemic.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140667799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fauzi Mohamed Yusof, Muhammad Solleh Asmadi, Zongmin Yue
Spatial dynamics are important in ecology because they provide insights into a myriad of spatial phenomena. Factor of these phenomena include the significant impact of habitat architecture and environmental variability on animal species survival, persistence, and harmony. To describe these complex spatial patterns, researchers are increasingly turning to reaction-diffusion systems as a valuable tool. One especially intriguing aspect of ecological research is understanding how the spatial implications of diffusion influence the dynamics of Hantavirus infection, with a particular emphasis on its interaction with alien predators and rodent species within a confined environment. When the diffusion constant, _D_ and the spatial distance, _x_ are taken into account, the relationship between diffusion and Hantavirus infection dynamics becomes very fascinating. When both _D_ and _x_ are relatively small, a remarkable phenomenon emerges: Hantavirus infection tends to reduce or even disappear within the ecosystem. This complex interaction of geographical dissemination and infection dynamics highlights the fragile balance that governs species coexistence within shared habitats. This research helps develop effective conservation strategies and provides critical knowledge for disease management and mitigation efforts, resulting in a more peaceful coexistence of humans, wildlife, and their ecosystems.
{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Reaction-Diffusion on an Ecological Diversity Mathematical Paradigm for Understanding Hantavirus Infection Dynamics","authors":"Fauzi Mohamed Yusof, Muhammad Solleh Asmadi, Zongmin Yue","doi":"10.32388/s512eg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/s512eg","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial dynamics are important in ecology because they provide insights into a myriad of spatial phenomena. Factor of these phenomena include the significant impact of habitat architecture and environmental variability on animal species survival, persistence, and harmony. To describe these complex spatial patterns, researchers are increasingly turning to reaction-diffusion systems as a valuable tool. One especially intriguing aspect of ecological research is understanding how the spatial implications of diffusion influence the dynamics of Hantavirus infection, with a particular emphasis on its interaction with alien predators and rodent species within a confined environment. When the diffusion constant, _D_ and the spatial distance, _x_ are taken into account, the relationship between diffusion and Hantavirus infection dynamics becomes very fascinating. When both _D_ and _x_ are relatively small, a remarkable phenomenon emerges: Hantavirus infection tends to reduce or even disappear within the ecosystem. This complex interaction of geographical dissemination and infection dynamics highlights the fragile balance that governs species coexistence within shared habitats. This research helps develop effective conservation strategies and provides critical knowledge for disease management and mitigation efforts, resulting in a more peaceful coexistence of humans, wildlife, and their ecosystems.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"132 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140669180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ukwubile, Semen Ibrahim Gangpete, Clement Chidi Kaosi
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: _Camellia sinensis_ is a tree popularly called green tea used as a strong antioxidant and for treating diseases such as cancer. This present study was aimed at assessing the phytochemicals and evaluating the hepatoprotective activity of leaf extract in Wistar rats. METHODS: The phytochemical screening was performed by standard methods, GC-MS analysis was carried out in Agilent 7890 A GC coupled to a MS detector, acute toxicity study was evaluated by the OECD guidelines, and hepatoprotective activity were evaluated in randomly groups of five rats of six rats in paracetamol-induced liver toxicity, while liver biomarkers were evaluated using automated methods. RESULTS: The phytochemical screening of leaf extract revealed the presence of major metabolites. The GC-MS analysis showed 18 bioactive compounds which are mainly fatty acids with retention times between 7.436 and 18.462 min. A high total phenolic content (TPC) of 1425.22 mg GAE/g and a total flavonoid content (TFC) of 802.01 mg QE/g were obtained. The acute toxicity did not produce any sign of toxicity at a dose of 5,000 mg/kg of extract. The extract produced a dose-dependent activity on the liver. These protections were statistically significant (p<0.05) when compared to the standard drug silymarin. There were no elevated values in liver function biomarkers in all the animal groups as well as histopathological damages to the liver after eight weeks of treatment at 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. of extract doses. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the study showed that _C. sinensis_ methanol leaf extract contains important phytochemicals that are protective against paracetamol-induced liver injuries, thus, the plant was considered safe for use as ethnomedicinal remedies for liver disease in traditional medicine.
{"title":"Phytochemical Contents, GC-MS Analysis and Hepatoprotective Effect of the Methanol Leaf Extract of Camelliasinensis (L.) Kuntze on Paracetamol-Induced Liver Injury in Wistar Rats","authors":"C. Ukwubile, Semen Ibrahim Gangpete, Clement Chidi Kaosi","doi":"10.32388/4bxupw.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/4bxupw.2","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: _Camellia sinensis_ is a tree popularly called green tea used as a strong antioxidant and for treating diseases such as cancer. This present study was aimed at assessing the phytochemicals and evaluating the hepatoprotective activity of leaf extract in Wistar rats. METHODS: The phytochemical screening was performed by standard methods, GC-MS analysis was carried out in Agilent 7890 A GC coupled to a MS detector, acute toxicity study was evaluated by the OECD guidelines, and hepatoprotective activity were evaluated in randomly groups of five rats of six rats in paracetamol-induced liver toxicity, while liver biomarkers were evaluated using automated methods. RESULTS: The phytochemical screening of leaf extract revealed the presence of major metabolites. The GC-MS analysis showed 18 bioactive compounds which are mainly fatty acids with retention times between 7.436 and 18.462 min. A high total phenolic content (TPC) of 1425.22 mg GAE/g and a total flavonoid content (TFC) of 802.01 mg QE/g were obtained. The acute toxicity did not produce any sign of toxicity at a dose of 5,000 mg/kg of extract. The extract produced a dose-dependent activity on the liver. These protections were statistically significant (p<0.05) when compared to the standard drug silymarin. There were no elevated values in liver function biomarkers in all the animal groups as well as histopathological damages to the liver after eight weeks of treatment at 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. of extract doses. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the study showed that _C. sinensis_ methanol leaf extract contains important phytochemicals that are protective against paracetamol-induced liver injuries, thus, the plant was considered safe for use as ethnomedicinal remedies for liver disease in traditional medicine.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140671545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bevelacqua Resources, 7531 Flint Crossing Circle SE, Owens Cross Roads, AL 35763 USA The BESIII Collaboration observed two resonance structures in the e+ e¯ → π+ π− ψ(3823) reactions at center-of-mass energies from 4.23 to 4.70 GeV. The first resonance (R1) has a mass of 4406.9 MeV/c2 and is based on a π+ π¯ Ψ(3823) structure. A second resonance (R2) is based on a π+ π¯ γ ηc1 structure with a mass of 4647.9 MeV/c2. The spin and parity of these states was not provided in Ref. 1. A first-order hexaquark mass formula is applied to evaluate the possible mass and Jπ value of the candidate R1 hexaquark. The R2 state, with a photon included in the final state, is not consistent with the first-order hexaquark model, and is not evaluated. The first-order hexaquark model yields a R1 resonance mass within 1% of the experimental value. The model also suggests that the R1 has a 2¯ spin assignment. KEYWORDS: First Order Mass Formula, Hexaquark, Weak Coupling Model, π+ π¯ Ψ(3823) structure, and R1 Resonance at 4406.9 MeV/c2.
{"title":"Possible Hexaquark Explanation for the 4406.9 MeV/c2 Resonance in Electron-Positron Collisions at Center-of-Mass Energies from 4.23 to 4.70 GeV","authors":"J. Bevelacqua","doi":"10.32388/bpvfmr","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/bpvfmr","url":null,"abstract":"Bevelacqua Resources, 7531 Flint Crossing Circle SE, Owens Cross Roads, AL 35763 USA\u0000\u0000 The BESIII Collaboration observed two resonance structures in the e+ e¯ → π+ π− ψ(3823) reactions at center-of-mass energies from 4.23 to 4.70 GeV. The first resonance (R1) has a mass of 4406.9 MeV/c2 and is based on a π+ π¯ Ψ(3823) structure. A second resonance (R2) is based on a π+ π¯ γ ηc1 structure with a mass of 4647.9 MeV/c2. The spin and parity of these states was not provided in Ref. 1.\u0000\u0000 A first-order hexaquark mass formula is applied to evaluate the possible mass and Jπ value of the candidate R1 hexaquark. The R2 state, with a photon included in the final state, is not consistent with the first-order hexaquark model, and is not evaluated. The first-order hexaquark model yields a R1 resonance mass within 1% of the experimental value. The model also suggests that the R1 has a 2¯ spin assignment.\u0000\u0000KEYWORDS: First Order Mass Formula, Hexaquark, Weak Coupling Model, π+ π¯ Ψ(3823) structure, and R1 Resonance at 4406.9 MeV/c2.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"52 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140668179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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