To solve the problems and challenges induced by digitalization and the use of specialized GenAI, a hybrid approach to modeling three-dimensional physical and digital reality is being developed. Based on a new philosophy of modeling, which includes second-order metascience, cybersemiotics, and cognitive metaphor, a structural-functional methodology for studying a hybrid environment is being developed, within which spatio-temporal connections of opposite phases of dynamic processes of various natures appear. It is shown that the synergy of the use of semiotics, cybersemiotics, and cognitive metaphor contributes to the formation of integrative metathinking and the choice of strategies for creative activity. At the same time, the development of the methodology itself (metathinking) through extreme principles, relationships, and structures, as well as the proposed hybrid universals, contributes to the formation of an individual’s learning cycle and style. The cognitive aspects of the manifestation of the phenomenon of the human factor in education and science, which limit the creative capabilities of the individual and give rise to systemic contradictions between physical and digital reality, are considered. In this case, obvious and hidden cognitive distortions arise, which give rise to new problems of safety (functional, informational, and physical), mental health, and diagnostics. Within the framework of the structural-integrative methodology, the foundations of an integrative meta-theory of natural structuring (transformation) of information flows (time series) of various natures into cognitive graphic images are created, which display the conjugate opposite phases of the functioning of the elements of complex dynamic systems, including the human body. To study transient functional states of a person and their quantitative assessment, original tools are proposed. They are based on the heuristic value of ancient signs – Ouroboros, Star of David, tetractys, Scandinavian runes, the use of which within the framework of a hybrid approach contributed to the study of parallels between the perception of physical reality and the mysticism of Eastern philosophy. In particular, the extreme principles of modern natural science have made it possible to establish a connection between the Star of David, the Merkabah (tree of life), and the Qabalah. Global challenges to mental health, safety, and professional activity are associated with the manifestation of cognitive and metacognitive distortions, which are induced by digitalization and depend on the psychophysiological state of a person (pilot, dispatcher, driver, etc.). They study cognitive science and neuroscience, as well as ergonomics/human factors, engineering psychology, and human factors engineering. To reduce the risks of man-made disasters, the idea of complementarity of ergonomics, engineering psychology, and human factors engineering is being developed within the framework of metaergonomics of a h
{"title":"AI: Unique Opportunities and Global Challenges – A Hybrid Approach to Modeling Reality and Its Perception","authors":"V. Mygal, G. Mygal, S. Mygal","doi":"10.32388/gij3ri.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/gij3ri.4","url":null,"abstract":"To solve the problems and challenges induced by digitalization and the use of specialized GenAI, a hybrid approach to modeling three-dimensional physical and digital reality is being developed. Based on a new philosophy of modeling, which includes second-order metascience, cybersemiotics, and cognitive metaphor, a structural-functional methodology for studying a hybrid environment is being developed, within which spatio-temporal connections of opposite phases of dynamic processes of various natures appear.\u0000\u0000It is shown that the synergy of the use of semiotics, cybersemiotics, and cognitive metaphor contributes to the formation of integrative metathinking and the choice of strategies for creative activity. At the same time, the development of the methodology itself (metathinking) through extreme principles, relationships, and structures, as well as the proposed hybrid universals, contributes to the formation of an individual’s learning cycle and style. The cognitive aspects of the manifestation of the phenomenon of the human factor in education and science, which limit the creative capabilities of the individual and give rise to systemic contradictions between physical and digital reality, are considered. In this case, obvious and hidden cognitive distortions arise, which give rise to new problems of safety (functional, informational, and physical), mental health, and diagnostics.\u0000\u0000Within the framework of the structural-integrative methodology, the foundations of an integrative meta-theory of natural structuring (transformation) of information flows (time series) of various natures into cognitive graphic images are created, which display the conjugate opposite phases of the functioning of the elements of complex dynamic systems, including the human body. To study transient functional states of a person and their quantitative assessment, original tools are proposed. They are based on the heuristic value of ancient signs – Ouroboros, Star of David, tetractys, Scandinavian runes, the use of which within the framework of a hybrid approach contributed to the study of parallels between the perception of physical reality and the mysticism of Eastern philosophy. In particular, the extreme principles of modern natural science have made it possible to establish a connection between the Star of David, the Merkabah (tree of life), and the Qabalah.\u0000\u0000Global challenges to mental health, safety, and professional activity are associated with the manifestation of cognitive and metacognitive distortions, which are induced by digitalization and depend on the psychophysiological state of a person (pilot, dispatcher, driver, etc.). They study cognitive science and neuroscience, as well as ergonomics/human factors, engineering psychology, and human factors engineering. To reduce the risks of man-made disasters, the idea of complementarity of ergonomics, engineering psychology, and human factors engineering is being developed within the framework of metaergonomics of a h","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141678562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enrichment of seawater with CO2 decreases the concentration of the carbonate ion while increasing that of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. We use pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometry to investigate whether, in the absence of warming, and in sub-saturating light, these changes affect the PSII photochemical efficiency of _Symbiodinium_ sp. in the reef-building coral _Acropora millepora_. We assessed this experimentally with 30-min-interval saturation pulse analyses at 25 °C, a daily peak in the intensity of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at ~65 µmol quanta m–2 s–1, and a seawater _p_CO2 that we gradually increased over nine days from ~496 to ~1290 μatm by injection of CO2-enriched air. Nine 14-day time series, which, except one, were recorded at the growing apices of a coral branch, revealed diel oscillations in the PSII photochemical efficiency characterized by a steep nocturnal decrease followed by a steep increase and peak in the morning, a daily minimum at midday (∆F/Fm’,midday), and a daily maximum at the onset of darkness at 19:00 h (Fv/Fm,19:00 h). An inadvertent shift in the position of one of the PAM fluorometer measuring heads revealed differences between the basal part and the growing coral apices of a coral branch in ∆F/Fm’midday and Qm. In ambient seawater (Control) _Symbiodinium_ sp. exhibited a gradual decrease, over the course of the experiment, in ∆F/Fm’,midday, Fv/Fm,19:00 h, and the slope of the linear regression between the relative electron transport rate and the intensity of PAR (rETR/PAR). Although two of three successive experiments indicated that CO2 enrichment counteracted these trends, statistical analyses failed to confirm an influence of _p_CO2 on ∆F/Fm’,midday, Fv/Fm,19:00 h, and Qm, rendering this experiment inconclusive.
{"title":"Effects of experimental CO2 enrichment on the PSII photochemical efficiency of Symbiodinium sp. in Acropora millepora","authors":"Ashleigh McNie, Daniel Breen, Kay Vopel","doi":"10.32388/f5cktw.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/f5cktw.2","url":null,"abstract":"Enrichment of seawater with CO2 decreases the concentration of the carbonate ion while increasing that of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. We use pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometry to investigate whether, in the absence of warming, and in sub-saturating light, these changes affect the PSII photochemical efficiency of _Symbiodinium_ sp. in the reef-building coral _Acropora millepora_. We assessed this experimentally with 30-min-interval saturation pulse analyses at 25 °C, a daily peak in the intensity of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at ~65 µmol quanta m–2 s–1, and a seawater _p_CO2 that we gradually increased over nine days from ~496 to ~1290 μatm by injection of CO2-enriched air. Nine 14-day time series, which, except one, were recorded at the growing apices of a coral branch, revealed diel oscillations in the PSII photochemical efficiency characterized by a steep nocturnal decrease followed by a steep increase and peak in the morning, a daily minimum at midday (∆F/Fm’,midday), and a daily maximum at the onset of darkness at 19:00 h (Fv/Fm,19:00 h). An inadvertent shift in the position of one of the PAM fluorometer measuring heads revealed differences between the basal part and the growing coral apices of a coral branch in ∆F/Fm’midday and Qm. In ambient seawater (Control) _Symbiodinium_ sp. exhibited a gradual decrease, over the course of the experiment, in ∆F/Fm’,midday, Fv/Fm,19:00 h, and the slope of the linear regression between the relative electron transport rate and the intensity of PAR (rETR/PAR). Although two of three successive experiments indicated that CO2 enrichment counteracted these trends, statistical analyses failed to confirm an influence of _p_CO2 on ∆F/Fm’,midday, Fv/Fm,19:00 h, and Qm, rendering this experiment inconclusive.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of: \"ScienceON Knowledge Graph System: Exploring New Frontiers in Science and Technology Information Integration System\"","authors":"Silvio Peroni","doi":"10.32388/p09mhb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/p09mhb","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p/>","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"20 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simple and effective multi-attribute decision-making method, named as "Best Holistic Adaptable Ranking of Attributes Technique (BHARAT)-II”, to choose the best refrigerant for air conditioning systems is presented. The thermodynamic properties of the refrigerants, and their environmental, and economic performances are also considered for the selection. Two case studies are provided to demonstrate the proposed multi-attribute decision-making method. The first case study addresses the problem of selecting the best refrigerant for residential split air conditioners out of 15 alternative refrigerants considering 12 selection attributes; the second case study addresses the problem of selecting the best refrigerant for automobile air conditioning systems by considering 14 alternative refrigerants and 13 selection attributes. The results of the proposed decision-making method are compared with those of other well-known multi-attribute decision-making methods such as EDAS, TOPSIS, and MOORA. The proposed method is shown to be simple to implement, providing a logical way for allocating weights to the selection attributes and is useful to solve the best alternative refrigerant selection problems of the residential as well as industrial refrigeration and air conditioning.
{"title":"Refrigerant Selection in Air Conditioning Systems Considering Thermodynamic, Environmental, and Economic Performance Using the BHARAT-II Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Method","authors":"Ravipudi Venkata Rao, Ravipudi Jaya Lakshmi","doi":"10.32388/94akj7.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/94akj7.2","url":null,"abstract":"A simple and effective multi-attribute decision-making method, named as \"Best Holistic Adaptable Ranking of Attributes Technique (BHARAT)-II”, to choose the best refrigerant for air conditioning systems is presented. The thermodynamic properties of the refrigerants, and their environmental, and economic performances are also considered for the selection. Two case studies are provided to demonstrate the proposed multi-attribute decision-making method. The first case study addresses the problem of selecting the best refrigerant for residential split air conditioners out of 15 alternative refrigerants considering 12 selection attributes; the second case study addresses the problem of selecting the best refrigerant for automobile air conditioning systems by considering 14 alternative refrigerants and 13 selection attributes. The results of the proposed decision-making method are compared with those of other well-known multi-attribute decision-making methods such as EDAS, TOPSIS, and MOORA. The proposed method is shown to be simple to implement, providing a logical way for allocating weights to the selection attributes and is useful to solve the best alternative refrigerant selection problems of the residential as well as industrial refrigeration and air conditioning.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Air quality in university environment is strongly affected by the student population explosion, climatic conditions and industrial activity within the institution. Monitoring the main air pollutants such as carbon dioxides, carbon monoxide and particulate matter may help control the most polluted areas of the institution and take measures to reduce the pollution.Universities are big metropolitan institutions with sizable populations of students, employees, and visitors. However, university settings can contribute to air pollution, with diverse activities such as lab work, cooking in dorms, and vehicle traffic, among others, causing interior and ambient air pollution. It is impossible to estimate how much air pollution affects the health and happiness of students without embarking on this type of research work. PURPOSE/AIM: Evaluation of meteorology parameters (i.e. temperature and relative humidity (RH)) and ambient air quality (CO, CO2 and particulate matter (PM2.5)) level at various locations within Lead City University, Ibadan is essential. METHODOLOGY: Ambient concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Relative humidity (RH), Temperature (TEMP), and Particulate Matter (PM2.5) were measured in 15 locations across Lead City University over a two-week period (between 25th of June 2023 and 3rd of August 2023) with Bosean air quality detector -T-201. RESULTS: Morning temperatures in all the locations measured ranging from 23.7°C to 29.2°C while afternoon temperature fluctuates more significantly, with the lowest recorded at 27.2°C and the highest at a notably warmer 35.8°C in all the locations measured. The morning RH levels ranging from 63.8% to 74.7% while afternoon RH values, ranging from 58.2% to 63.4%. The finding also shows that afternoon CO2 levels range from 468.5 ppm to 971.6 ppm, with Location 13 having an unusually high average. Morning CO levels ranging from 4.1 ppm to 49 ppm, with location 13 showing the most highest figure of 184.2 ppm. CO2 and CO levels are mostly within acceptable ranges as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) that CO2 concentration levels in school buildings should kept below 1000 ppm and CO be below an average of nine parts per million (ppm) for any eight-hour period, and below 25 ppm for any one-hour period as an indicative benchmark of good indoor air quality (IAQ). Morning RH values range from 63.8% to 74.7%, with Location 1 having the highest average while afternoon RH values are between 58.9% and 67.7%, with Location 6 having the highest average. The relatively narrow variance in RH indicates that the dataset predominantly represents conditions with moderate humidity levels. Morning PM levels vary from 8.9 to 17.1µg/m³, suggesting diverse air quality conditions across the samples. In the afternoon, PM concentrations display a broader range, from 8.9 to an exceptionally high 436.1 in Location 13. Interestingly, all the air pollutants measured are still within
{"title":"Evaluation of Ambient Air Quality Level at Various Locations within Lead City University, Ibadan","authors":"John, Adedayo Olanrewaju, Atiwaye Tomike Gbemisola, Adekunle Oluwatoyin Motunrayo","doi":"10.32388/hjbqxd.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/hjbqxd.2","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Air quality in university environment is strongly affected by the student population explosion, climatic conditions and industrial activity within the institution. Monitoring the main air pollutants such as carbon dioxides, carbon monoxide and particulate matter may help control the most polluted areas of the institution and take measures to reduce the pollution.Universities are big metropolitan institutions with sizable populations of students, employees, and visitors. However, university settings can contribute to air pollution, with diverse activities such as lab work, cooking in dorms, and vehicle traffic, among others, causing interior and ambient air pollution. It is impossible to estimate how much air pollution affects the health and happiness of students without embarking on this type of research work. \u0000\u0000PURPOSE/AIM: Evaluation of meteorology parameters (i.e. temperature and relative humidity (RH)) and ambient air quality (CO, CO2 and particulate matter (PM2.5)) level at various locations within Lead City University, Ibadan is essential.\u0000\u0000METHODOLOGY: Ambient concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Relative humidity (RH), Temperature (TEMP), and Particulate Matter (PM2.5) were measured in 15 locations across Lead City University over a two-week period (between 25th of June 2023 and 3rd of August 2023) with Bosean air quality detector -T-201. \u0000\u0000RESULTS: Morning temperatures in all the locations measured ranging from 23.7°C to 29.2°C while afternoon temperature fluctuates more significantly, with the lowest recorded at 27.2°C and the highest at a notably warmer 35.8°C in all the locations measured. The morning RH levels ranging from 63.8% to 74.7% while afternoon RH values, ranging from 58.2% to 63.4%. The finding also shows that afternoon CO2 levels range from 468.5 ppm to 971.6 ppm, with Location 13 having an unusually high average. Morning CO levels ranging from 4.1 ppm to 49 ppm, with location 13 showing the most highest figure of 184.2 ppm. CO2 and CO levels are mostly within acceptable ranges as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) that CO2 concentration levels in school buildings should kept below 1000 ppm and CO be below an average of nine parts per million (ppm) for any eight-hour period, and below 25 ppm for any one-hour period as an indicative benchmark of good indoor air quality (IAQ). \u0000\u0000Morning RH values range from 63.8% to 74.7%, with Location 1 having the highest average while afternoon RH values are between 58.9% and 67.7%, with Location 6 having the highest average. The relatively narrow variance in RH indicates that the dataset predominantly represents conditions with moderate humidity levels. Morning PM levels vary from 8.9 to 17.1µg/m³, suggesting diverse air quality conditions across the samples. In the afternoon, PM concentrations display a broader range, from 8.9 to an exceptionally high 436.1 in Location 13. Interestingly, all the air pollutants measured are still within ","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"3 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nkeiruka Grace Osuafor, C. Ukwe, Brian Onyebuchi Ogbonna
AIM. Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are among the reasons for most outpatient consultations. The study aimed to evaluate the reported experiences of patients being managed for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in the outpatient clinics of Abuja public hospitals. METHOD. A prospective cross-sectional study of 787 systematically sampled patients receiving care in five public hospitals in Abuja was conducted. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the number of yearly consultations, problems encountered in accessing trained health personnel, time spent on hospital appointments, major treatment challenges, and ways to improve their experience on hospital visits. Consultation experience was defined as good or poor. Patients who consulted at least four times in a year, reported no problems in accessing trained health personnel, and had no treatment challenges were regarded as having a good consultation experience. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to summarize the data. Logistic regression was used to predict and classify the binary outcomes. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS. More of the patients (66.2%) had up to four consultations in a year. Long waiting time (56.1%) was the common problem encountered when accessing trained medical personnel. The major treatment challenge was hospital waiting time (49.4%). The mean time spent in the hospital on appointment days was 5.04±1.80. Approximately 40% of the patients suggested proper scheduling of hospital appointments as the major way to improve treatment experiences. Poor consultation was recorded by 96.6% of the patients. Logistic regression showed that a higher educational level (OR = 0.031, 95% CI [0.008-0.119], _P=_0.001) was associated with reporting poor management. CONCLUSION. The average number of yearly consultations was below the minimum standard, and patients spent long hours on consultation days before meeting with healthcare personnel. Most patients were dissatisfied with the services received and rated them poor.
{"title":"Outpatient Consultation of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases Patients in Abuja Public Hospitals Based on Selected Indicators","authors":"Nkeiruka Grace Osuafor, C. Ukwe, Brian Onyebuchi Ogbonna","doi":"10.32388/6q6g8y.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/6q6g8y.2","url":null,"abstract":"AIM. Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are among the reasons for most outpatient consultations. The study aimed to evaluate the reported experiences of patients being managed for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in the outpatient clinics of Abuja public hospitals.\u0000\u0000METHOD. A prospective cross-sectional study of 787 systematically sampled patients receiving care in five public hospitals in Abuja was conducted. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the number of yearly consultations, problems encountered in accessing trained health personnel, time spent on hospital appointments, major treatment challenges, and ways to improve their experience on hospital visits. Consultation experience was defined as good or poor. Patients who consulted at least four times in a year, reported no problems in accessing trained health personnel, and had no treatment challenges were regarded as having a good consultation experience. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to summarize the data. Logistic regression was used to predict and classify the binary outcomes. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.\u0000\u0000RESULTS. More of the patients (66.2%) had up to four consultations in a year. Long waiting time (56.1%) was the common problem encountered when accessing trained medical personnel. The major treatment challenge was hospital waiting time (49.4%). The mean time spent in the hospital on appointment days was 5.04±1.80. Approximately 40% of the patients suggested proper scheduling of hospital appointments as the major way to improve treatment experiences. Poor consultation was recorded by 96.6% of the patients. Logistic regression showed that a higher educational level (OR = 0.031, 95% CI [0.008-0.119], _P=_0.001) was associated with reporting poor management.\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION. The average number of yearly consultations was below the minimum standard, and patients spent long hours on consultation days before meeting with healthcare personnel. Most patients were dissatisfied with the services received and rated them poor.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"55 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141349641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Re, Vincenza Aloia, Stefania Celeste Rippa, Valentina Tommasi
INTRODUCTION: Clown therapy is a widely used nonpharmacological intervention for the control and management of symptoms and emotions in pediatric settings. There are some studies evaluating the effect of the intervention on children with neoplastic disease, but a systematic review summarizing the overall benefit is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of clown therapy on the symptoms and emotions of children with neoplastic pathology. METHODS: Studies (randomized or quasi-randomized parallel-group controlled trials) were searched from biomedical databases, web resources, and trial registries. The intervention was compared with standard care; primary outcomes were pain and anxiety, and secondary outcomes were fear, stress, fatigue, depression, distress, and mood. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2, and the overall effect size was calculated with variable effects meta-analysis. The summary of results was illustrated in accordance with the GRADE method. RESULTS: Five quasi-randomized parallel-group trials with a high risk of bias were included (N = 376, mean age: 6.9-10.9 years). Children who received clown therapy manifested a reduction in anxiety (N = 181; SMD = -2.17 [95% CI: -4.20, -0.14], p < 0.05) and fatigue (N = 176; SMD = -2.03 [95% CI: -5.39, 1.32], p > 0.05). The certainty/quality of evidence is very low. CONCLUSIONS: Clown therapy seems more effective than standard care in reducing anxiety and fatigue in children with neoplastic disease. However, more studies are needed to confirm the results, as the very low certainty/quality of evidence currently does not justify routine implementation of the intervention in pediatric oncology.
{"title":"Effect of Clown Therapy on Symptoms and Emotions of Children with Neoplastic Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis","authors":"L. Re, Vincenza Aloia, Stefania Celeste Rippa, Valentina Tommasi","doi":"10.32388/8yei1r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/8yei1r","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Clown therapy is a widely used nonpharmacological intervention for the control and management of symptoms and emotions in pediatric settings. There are some studies evaluating the effect of the intervention on children with neoplastic disease, but a systematic review summarizing the overall benefit is lacking.\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of clown therapy on the symptoms and emotions of children with neoplastic pathology.\u0000\u0000METHODS: Studies (randomized or quasi-randomized parallel-group controlled trials) were searched from biomedical databases, web resources, and trial registries. The intervention was compared with standard care; primary outcomes were pain and anxiety, and secondary outcomes were fear, stress, fatigue, depression, distress, and mood. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2, and the overall effect size was calculated with variable effects meta-analysis. The summary of results was illustrated in accordance with the GRADE method.\u0000\u0000RESULTS: Five quasi-randomized parallel-group trials with a high risk of bias were included (N = 376, mean age: 6.9-10.9 years). Children who received clown therapy manifested a reduction in anxiety (N = 181; SMD = -2.17 [95% CI: -4.20, -0.14], p < 0.05) and fatigue (N = 176; SMD = -2.03 [95% CI: -5.39, 1.32], p > 0.05). The certainty/quality of evidence is very low.\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS: Clown therapy seems more effective than standard care in reducing anxiety and fatigue in children with neoplastic disease. However, more studies are needed to confirm the results, as the very low certainty/quality of evidence currently does not justify routine implementation of the intervention in pediatric oncology.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141357024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
_Background: _Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is effected in squamous cell cancers via activation of the cadherin switch. Activation of the switch results in decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of N-cadherin. This results in loss of cell-cell adhesion and cellular polarity and allows the tumour cells to metastasise. _Aims_ _&_ _Objectives:_ This systematic review was carried out to find the clinical implications of EMT in HNSCC and bring together the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic pathways found to be acting on the cadherin switch. _Materials & Methods: _An extensive search for relevant papers was made on PubMed, Medline, and Google Search. Only good-quality studies pertaining to epithelial–mesenchymal transition in oral cavity cancers in humans were selected. Furthermore, all selected papers were assessed for their clinical relevance. _Results: _The cadherin switch is regulated by transcription factors like Snail, SLUG, ZEB1, and ZEB2. It is also acted on by epigenetic modifiers. These transcription factors are regulated by multiple pathways like Wnt/β–catenin, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, etc. These pathways are in turn regulated by molecular and external agents like NNK from tobacco smoke, hypoxia, the DDB2 gene, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and melatonin.
_背景：鳞状细胞癌中的上皮-间质转化（EMT）是通过激活粘连蛋白开关实现的。该开关的激活导致 E-cadherin表达减少，N-cadherin表达增加。这导致细胞间失去粘附性和细胞极性，使肿瘤细胞发生转移。_Aims_ _&_ _Objectives:_ This systematic review was carried out to find the clinical implications of EMT in HNSCC and bring together the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic pathways found to be acting on the cadherin switch._Materials&Methods：在 PubMed、Medline 和 Google Search 上广泛搜索了相关论文。只选择了与人类口腔癌中上皮-间充质转化相关的高质量研究。此外，还对所有选中的论文进行了临床相关性评估：结果：_粘连蛋白的转换受蜗牛、SLUG、ZEB1 和 ZEB2 等转录因子的调控。它还受到表观遗传修饰因子的作用。这些转录因子受多种途径调控，如 Wnt/β-catenin、PI3K/AKT、MAPK 等。这些途径又受到分子和外部因素的调节，如烟草烟雾中的 NNK、缺氧、DDB2 基因、活性氧（ROS）和褪黑激素。
{"title":"Clinical Implications of EMT in HNSCC: A Review of the Factors and Pathways at Play","authors":"Rakesh Bharath, Ajay Vidyarthi, Neeti Dharamwat, Saumyta Mishra, Nirdhum Shikha, Nishit Kakka","doi":"10.32388/dvwq2l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/dvwq2l","url":null,"abstract":"_Background: _Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is effected in squamous cell cancers via activation of the cadherin switch. Activation of the switch results in decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of N-cadherin. This results in loss of cell-cell adhesion and cellular polarity and allows the tumour cells to metastasise.\u0000\u0000_Aims_ _&_ _Objectives:_ This systematic review was carried out to find the clinical implications of EMT in HNSCC and bring together the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic pathways found to be acting on the cadherin switch.\u0000\u0000_Materials & Methods: _An extensive search for relevant papers was made on PubMed, Medline, and Google Search. Only good-quality studies pertaining to epithelial–mesenchymal transition in oral cavity cancers in humans were selected. Furthermore, all selected papers were assessed for their clinical relevance.\u0000\u0000_Results: _The cadherin switch is regulated by transcription factors like Snail, SLUG, ZEB1, and ZEB2. It is also acted on by epigenetic modifiers. These transcription factors are regulated by multiple pathways like Wnt/β–catenin, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, etc. These pathways are in turn regulated by molecular and external agents like NNK from tobacco smoke, hypoxia, the DDB2 gene, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and melatonin.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"3 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141356308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the effect of educational leadership practices on the education quality of secondary schools in South Sudan. A mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research methods, was employed to gather data from 350 students through questionnaires and interviews. The results of the regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between educational leadership practices and education quality. Specifically, strong communication skills, an effective decision-making style, instructional leadership, and a positive school climate and culture on the part of the educational leadership were associated with higher levels of education quality. The study underscores the importance of educational leaders prioritizing the development and enhancement of their leadership practices to support education quality for student success. Recommendations include providing targeted training and professional development opportunities for leaders to improve their leadership skills and creating a supportive and collaborative school environment that values effective educational leadership practices. By investing in educational leadership development and ensuring they have the necessary skills and resources, all stakeholders can help improve education quality for the best academic outcomes for students in South Sudan. The findings of this study contribute valuable insights for educational institutions and policymakers aiming to enhance education quality through effective educational leadership practices.
{"title":"Effect of Educational Leadership Practices on Education Quality in Secondary Schools in South Sudan","authors":"James Ajuong Arou, Kanbiro Orkaido Deyganto","doi":"10.32388/plfwh0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/plfwh0","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effect of educational leadership practices on the education quality of secondary schools in South Sudan. A mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research methods, was employed to gather data from 350 students through questionnaires and interviews. The results of the regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between educational leadership practices and education quality. Specifically, strong communication skills, an effective decision-making style, instructional leadership, and a positive school climate and culture on the part of the educational leadership were associated with higher levels of education quality. The study underscores the importance of educational leaders prioritizing the development and enhancement of their leadership practices to support education quality for student success. Recommendations include providing targeted training and professional development opportunities for leaders to improve their leadership skills and creating a supportive and collaborative school environment that values effective educational leadership practices. By investing in educational leadership development and ensuring they have the necessary skills and resources, all stakeholders can help improve education quality for the best academic outcomes for students in South Sudan. The findings of this study contribute valuable insights for educational institutions and policymakers aiming to enhance education quality through effective educational leadership practices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"123 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141360726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The data mining method of Statistical Implicative Analysis is used to reveal details of the inner structure of algebraic competence as seen in data collected from beginning algebra students as part of the development of the SMART online diagnostic tests. The implicative analysis of the data shows the logical relation between algebraic sub-competencies. This paper reports item level analysis, comparing different cut-off levels for implication intensity, and a follow-up analysis of scales constructed from the clusters revealed. Finally in a novel application of statistical implicative analysis, the paper identifies pairs of scales that together imply an outcome, but do not do so separately. This allows the identification of abilities that are necessary foundations for other parts of algebraic proficiency.
{"title":"Statistical Implicative Analysis of Students’ Algebra Performance","authors":"Reinhard Oldenburg, Kaye Stacey","doi":"10.32388/fl8eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/fl8eng","url":null,"abstract":"The data mining method of Statistical Implicative Analysis is used to reveal details of the inner structure of algebraic competence as seen in data collected from beginning algebra students as part of the development of the SMART online diagnostic tests. The implicative analysis of the data shows the logical relation between algebraic sub-competencies. This paper reports item level analysis, comparing different cut-off levels for implication intensity, and a follow-up analysis of scales constructed from the clusters revealed. Finally in a novel application of statistical implicative analysis, the paper identifies pairs of scales that together imply an outcome, but do not do so separately. This allows the identification of abilities that are necessary foundations for other parts of algebraic proficiency.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":" 96","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141365696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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