Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2021.1902562
S. Tonkov, G. Possnert
The glacial Lake Ribno Banderishko (41° 44ʹ 17.66′′ N, 28° 24ʹ 53.86′′ E; 2190 m above sea level [a.s.l.]) is situated in the subalpine belt of the northern Pirin Mountains. The lake has an elongated shape, 384 m long and 230 m wide, with a water surface of 6.5 ha. The maximum water depth is 14.2 m. The lake is fed by several upper lakes and its watershed is 3.08 km. The slopes are steep and stony, covered by groups of Pinus mugo Turra and Juniperus sibirica Burgsd. within patches of herb vegetation, with the exception of the eastern slope where there is a flat strip 20 m wide (Ivanov 1964). The vegetation comprises several vertical belts. The deciduous forest belt (1000‒1500 m a.s.l.) is fragmented, represented by communities of Fagus sylvatica L., mixed in some areas with Abies alba Mill., Pinus nigra Arnold and Picea abies (L.) Karst. The coniferous forest belt (1500‒2000 m a.s.l.) is well-developed, composed of Pinus sylvestris L., the Balkan endemic Pinus peuce Griseb., Picea abies and the relict communities of the Balkan subendemic Pinus heldreichii H. Christ which occur exclusively on limestone substrates. Stands of Abies alba are also found. The subalpine belt (2000‒ 2500 m a.s.l.) is dominated by thick impenetrable stands of Pinus mugo with Juniperus sibirica and Vaccinium myrtillus L. A characteristic feature of the modern vegetation is the presence of a large group of Balkan and Bulgarian endemics, including 30 local endemics (Tonkov et al. 2002). The Pirin Mountains are a large anticline, its granite centre overlain by Palaeozoic metamorphic rocks. The northern part, which was glaciated during the Quaternary occupies 74% of the total area and is composed of granite, crystalline schist and marble (Galabov et al. 1977). Above 1000 m a.s.l. the climate is typically montane and the annual amount of precipitation is 800‒1250 mm with a maximum in November–December, much of which is snow above 1500 m a.s.l. (Tishkov 1976).
冰川湖Ribno Banderishko（北纬41°44°17.66′′，东经28°24°53.86′′；海拔2190米[a.s.l]）位于皮林山脉北部的亚高山带。该湖呈细长形状，长384米，宽230米，水面6.5公顷。最大水深为14.2米。该湖由几个上游湖泊供水，分水岭为3.08公里。斜坡陡峭，多石，覆盖着松柏和西伯利亚杜松。草本植被斑块内，但东坡除外，那里有一条20米宽的平坦地带（Ivanov 1964）。植被由几个垂直带组成。落叶林带（海拔1000-1500米）是分散的，以Fagus sylvatica l.群落为代表，在一些地区与Abies alba Mill混合。，黑松和云杉喀斯特。针叶林带（1500-2000 m a.s.l.）发育良好，由樟子松、巴尔干特有的白皮松组成。，云杉和巴尔干亚标准松的残余群落，仅出现在石灰岩基底上。还发现了冷杉林。亚高山带（2000-2500 m a.s.l.）主要由茂密的木松、西伯利亚杜松和越橘组成。现代植被的一个特征是存在大量巴尔干和保加利亚特有种，包括30种当地特有种（Tonkov等人，2002）。皮林山脉是一个大型背斜，其花岗岩中心覆盖着古生代变质岩。北部在第四纪被冰川覆盖，占总面积的74%，由花岗岩、结晶片岩和大理石组成（Galabov等人，1977）。海拔1000米以上的气候通常是山地气候，年降水量为800-1250毫米，11月至12月最大，其中大部分是海拔1500米以上的雪（Tishkov 1976）。
{"title":"55. Lake Ribno Banderishko, Pirin Mountains (Bulgaria)","authors":"S. Tonkov, G. Possnert","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2021.1902562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2021.1902562","url":null,"abstract":"The glacial Lake Ribno Banderishko (41° 44ʹ 17.66′′ N, 28° 24ʹ 53.86′′ E; 2190 m above sea level [a.s.l.]) is situated in the subalpine belt of the northern Pirin Mountains. The lake has an elongated shape, 384 m long and 230 m wide, with a water surface of 6.5 ha. The maximum water depth is 14.2 m. The lake is fed by several upper lakes and its watershed is 3.08 km. The slopes are steep and stony, covered by groups of Pinus mugo Turra and Juniperus sibirica Burgsd. within patches of herb vegetation, with the exception of the eastern slope where there is a flat strip 20 m wide (Ivanov 1964). The vegetation comprises several vertical belts. The deciduous forest belt (1000‒1500 m a.s.l.) is fragmented, represented by communities of Fagus sylvatica L., mixed in some areas with Abies alba Mill., Pinus nigra Arnold and Picea abies (L.) Karst. The coniferous forest belt (1500‒2000 m a.s.l.) is well-developed, composed of Pinus sylvestris L., the Balkan endemic Pinus peuce Griseb., Picea abies and the relict communities of the Balkan subendemic Pinus heldreichii H. Christ which occur exclusively on limestone substrates. Stands of Abies alba are also found. The subalpine belt (2000‒ 2500 m a.s.l.) is dominated by thick impenetrable stands of Pinus mugo with Juniperus sibirica and Vaccinium myrtillus L. A characteristic feature of the modern vegetation is the presence of a large group of Balkan and Bulgarian endemics, including 30 local endemics (Tonkov et al. 2002). The Pirin Mountains are a large anticline, its granite centre overlain by Palaeozoic metamorphic rocks. The northern part, which was glaciated during the Quaternary occupies 74% of the total area and is composed of granite, crystalline schist and marble (Galabov et al. 1977). Above 1000 m a.s.l. the climate is typically montane and the annual amount of precipitation is 800‒1250 mm with a maximum in November–December, much of which is snow above 1500 m a.s.l. (Tishkov 1976).","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"60 1","pages":"404 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00173134.2021.1902562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49213779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-09DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2021.1912820
Hamza Aydin, Duygu Sari, H. Sari, Tuba Eker, C. Aykurt, C. Toker
Abstract Morphological data from light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of pollen and seeds are used to explore phylogenetic relationships between four taxa of cultivated and wild Pisum including P. sativum subsp. sativum var. sativum and var. arvense, P. sativum subsp. elatius and P. fulvum. Characteristics investigated include pollen shapes and ornamentation, polar axis (P) and equatorial diameter (E), P/E ratio, exine thickness (Ex) and intine thickness (In), lumina diameter (L), muri thickness (M) and seed coat ornamentations in three accessions each of the four taxa. Pollen of Pisum is subprolate, reticulate and tricolporate. Ratios of P/E of the cultivated peas are higher than those of the wild species while diameter of lumina in the cultivated peas is smaller than that of the wild species. The cultivated pea has a smooth seed coat, in contrast to the rough surface of the wild species. The results of SEM micrographs reveal that seed coat ornamentation in each four-taxon set is typical papillose with thicker ribs than in the wild specimens. Differences in corolla colour, even among the five petals, are also noted for the taxa studied. The results suggest that pollen shapes and ornamentation are of limited taxonomic significance, while the seed coat ornamentation may be important for distinguishing taxa of Pisum.
{"title":"Phylogenetic relationships among Pisum L. species from Asia Minor inferred from pollen and seed coat morphology","authors":"Hamza Aydin, Duygu Sari, H. Sari, Tuba Eker, C. Aykurt, C. Toker","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2021.1912820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2021.1912820","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Morphological data from light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of pollen and seeds are used to explore phylogenetic relationships between four taxa of cultivated and wild Pisum including P. sativum subsp. sativum var. sativum and var. arvense, P. sativum subsp. elatius and P. fulvum. Characteristics investigated include pollen shapes and ornamentation, polar axis (P) and equatorial diameter (E), P/E ratio, exine thickness (Ex) and intine thickness (In), lumina diameter (L), muri thickness (M) and seed coat ornamentations in three accessions each of the four taxa. Pollen of Pisum is subprolate, reticulate and tricolporate. Ratios of P/E of the cultivated peas are higher than those of the wild species while diameter of lumina in the cultivated peas is smaller than that of the wild species. The cultivated pea has a smooth seed coat, in contrast to the rough surface of the wild species. The results of SEM micrographs reveal that seed coat ornamentation in each four-taxon set is typical papillose with thicker ribs than in the wild specimens. Differences in corolla colour, even among the five petals, are also noted for the taxa studied. The results suggest that pollen shapes and ornamentation are of limited taxonomic significance, while the seed coat ornamentation may be important for distinguishing taxa of Pisum.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"60 1","pages":"347 - 355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00173134.2021.1912820","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43775451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-17DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2021.1882556
Valéria Leobina dos Santos, C. Nievola, A. O. Fidalgo, S. Kanashiro, M. G. Wanderley, E. Gomes, C. D. da Luz
Abstract The present study describes the floral morphology and evaluates pollen viability for the bromeliad Nidularium minutum Mez. during the flowering period 2018‒2019 through histochemistry and pollen germination tests. The inflorescences are nidular, capituliform with short branches bearing two to three odourless, bisexual and greenish-white flowers and with an androecium shorter than the gynoecium, consisting of six stamens with anthers featuring rimose dehiscence. The ovules are anatropous, displaying a small appendage in the chalazal region. The first flower opened in late November 2018 and flowering peak was in January 2019. Anthesis started at 6:55 a.m. and lasted until 8:49 a.m. Pollen/ovule ratio indicates facultative autogamy. The pollen grains are monads, medium to large, 2-(3)-porate, reticulate heterobrochate with abundant pollenkitt. A high frequency of unviable pollen grains with discrepant sizes was observed. The mature pollen grain is considered recalcitrant and therefore sensitive to desiccation. In vitro pollen germination after 48 hours was higher in BKM medium (64.77%) compared to SM (38.51%). Pollen viability was overestimated in all histochemistry tests, with Alexander (72.46%) being the closest to the in vitro germination rate. The results obtained for N. minutum bring new information about its floral biology as a subsidy to the cultivation of ornamental bromeliads that are at risk of extinction.
{"title":"Floral morphology and pollen viability of an endangered and endemic Bromeliaceae species from the Atlantic Forest","authors":"Valéria Leobina dos Santos, C. Nievola, A. O. Fidalgo, S. Kanashiro, M. G. Wanderley, E. Gomes, C. D. da Luz","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2021.1882556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2021.1882556","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study describes the floral morphology and evaluates pollen viability for the bromeliad Nidularium minutum Mez. during the flowering period 2018‒2019 through histochemistry and pollen germination tests. The inflorescences are nidular, capituliform with short branches bearing two to three odourless, bisexual and greenish-white flowers and with an androecium shorter than the gynoecium, consisting of six stamens with anthers featuring rimose dehiscence. The ovules are anatropous, displaying a small appendage in the chalazal region. The first flower opened in late November 2018 and flowering peak was in January 2019. Anthesis started at 6:55 a.m. and lasted until 8:49 a.m. Pollen/ovule ratio indicates facultative autogamy. The pollen grains are monads, medium to large, 2-(3)-porate, reticulate heterobrochate with abundant pollenkitt. A high frequency of unviable pollen grains with discrepant sizes was observed. The mature pollen grain is considered recalcitrant and therefore sensitive to desiccation. In vitro pollen germination after 48 hours was higher in BKM medium (64.77%) compared to SM (38.51%). Pollen viability was overestimated in all histochemistry tests, with Alexander (72.46%) being the closest to the in vitro germination rate. The results obtained for N. minutum bring new information about its floral biology as a subsidy to the cultivation of ornamental bromeliads that are at risk of extinction.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"60 1","pages":"327 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00173134.2021.1882556","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48146157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-05DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2021.1882555
A. A. L. Pimentel, M. Absy, A. Rech, Vanessa Holanda Righetti de Abreu
Abstract Undoubtedly, Melipona bees are the most widely managed native American bee species for the production of honey and related products. These bees have been reared since before the arrival of Europeans on the continent. Despite being considered generalists due to their life histories, each stingless bee species has food preferences easily adapting to the available resources. Seeking to contribute to the understanding of the food ecology of Melipona bees, 17 pollen samples from six species found in natural nests along the Rio Negro were analysed. The pollen material was homogenised and prepared following the standard acetolysis technique. Relative frequency, the similarity between diets and correlation of diets with bee body size were determined. Thirty-two pollen types (17 botanical families) were identified, 13 of which were considered attractive, while six promoted temporary specialisation events. The results reaffirmed the potential generalist pattern of these bees with temporary specialisation events, being strongly influenced by local conditions. The diversity of pollen types per pot was not related to bee body size. Also, the number of pollen types found in each nest did not correlate to the number of pots analysed revealing non-neutral determinants for each species pollen richness. With the results obtained, it was clear that certain plants were more as food sources which could support conservation programmes and help meliponiculture in the Amazon.
{"title":"Polliniferous flora foraged by Melipona bees along the Rio Negro in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"A. A. L. Pimentel, M. Absy, A. Rech, Vanessa Holanda Righetti de Abreu","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2021.1882555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2021.1882555","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Undoubtedly, Melipona bees are the most widely managed native American bee species for the production of honey and related products. These bees have been reared since before the arrival of Europeans on the continent. Despite being considered generalists due to their life histories, each stingless bee species has food preferences easily adapting to the available resources. Seeking to contribute to the understanding of the food ecology of Melipona bees, 17 pollen samples from six species found in natural nests along the Rio Negro were analysed. The pollen material was homogenised and prepared following the standard acetolysis technique. Relative frequency, the similarity between diets and correlation of diets with bee body size were determined. Thirty-two pollen types (17 botanical families) were identified, 13 of which were considered attractive, while six promoted temporary specialisation events. The results reaffirmed the potential generalist pattern of these bees with temporary specialisation events, being strongly influenced by local conditions. The diversity of pollen types per pot was not related to bee body size. Also, the number of pollen types found in each nest did not correlate to the number of pots analysed revealing non-neutral determinants for each species pollen richness. With the results obtained, it was clear that certain plants were more as food sources which could support conservation programmes and help meliponiculture in the Amazon.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"60 1","pages":"385 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00173134.2021.1882555","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45834061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-26DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2021.1880630
M. Filipova-Marinova, D. Pavlov, K. Slavova
The Black Sea covers an area of 432 000 km2 and is the largest anoxic basin in the world. The most recent sediment layers can be divided into three units: Unit I, the top approximately 30 cm, is a ...
{"title":"54. Central Bulgarian Black Sea coast: Late Glacial vegetation dynamics and climate changes","authors":"M. Filipova-Marinova, D. Pavlov, K. Slavova","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2021.1880630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2021.1880630","url":null,"abstract":"The Black Sea covers an area of 432 000 km2 and is the largest anoxic basin in the world. The most recent sediment layers can be divided into three units: Unit I, the top approximately 30 cm, is a ...","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"60 1","pages":"401 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00173134.2021.1880630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45339334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2021.1874512
A. R. Simões, Ponprom Pisuttimarn, C. D. da Luz, C. Furness, P. Pornpongrungrueng, L. Chatrou
Abstract Decalobanthus is a genus of woody climbers of Convolvulaceae, recently expanded from a monotypic genus to including 17 species, mainly distributed in Asia and the Pacific. Despite the monophyly and the strong morphological and geographical coherence of the genus, only five of its species have been sampled in a molecular phylogenetic study and their relationships remain poorly understood. As a pillar to further systematic and evolutionary studies of Decalobanthus, this study offers a full characterisation of its pollen variation. To date, only seven of the 17 species have been palynologically documented in the literature (as Merremia s.l.). We here offer new data for seven species, which adding up to the already available data, totals a characterisation of 14 out of the 17 species in the genus. The pollen of Decalobanthus is, in most cases, tricolpate, with one species presenting hexapantocolpate polymorphism, which could suggest di/polyploidy; the presence of a reticulate exine (‘reticulum cristatum’ type) is remarkable, in Convolvulaceae only known otherwise in some species of Cuscuta.
{"title":"Palynological characterization of the Southeast Asian woody climbers Decalobanthus Ooststr. (Convolvulaceae)","authors":"A. R. Simões, Ponprom Pisuttimarn, C. D. da Luz, C. Furness, P. Pornpongrungrueng, L. Chatrou","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2021.1874512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2021.1874512","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Decalobanthus is a genus of woody climbers of Convolvulaceae, recently expanded from a monotypic genus to including 17 species, mainly distributed in Asia and the Pacific. Despite the monophyly and the strong morphological and geographical coherence of the genus, only five of its species have been sampled in a molecular phylogenetic study and their relationships remain poorly understood. As a pillar to further systematic and evolutionary studies of Decalobanthus, this study offers a full characterisation of its pollen variation. To date, only seven of the 17 species have been palynologically documented in the literature (as Merremia s.l.). We here offer new data for seven species, which adding up to the already available data, totals a characterisation of 14 out of the 17 species in the genus. The pollen of Decalobanthus is, in most cases, tricolpate, with one species presenting hexapantocolpate polymorphism, which could suggest di/polyploidy; the presence of a reticulate exine (‘reticulum cristatum’ type) is remarkable, in Convolvulaceae only known otherwise in some species of Cuscuta.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"60 1","pages":"356 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00173134.2021.1874512","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44576550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2021.1880629
M. García, Nora J. F. Reyes, María L. Espeche, M. Ordano, César M. Lamelas, J. D. Forciniti, Maria Lorena Soulé Gómez
Abstract Knowledge about variations in allergenic pollen in the atmosphere is essential for human health programmes. This study aims to evaluate the influence of climatic variability on the arboreal pollen (AP) load, considering the annual, seasonal and intra-diurnal variability during ten years. We obtain data using a volumetric Burkard spore trap in San Miguel de Tucumán city. The seasonal behaviour of AP showed a short and intense flowering period from August to October. However, annual pollen concentrations varied considerably with 2008 and 2012 the years with the lowest and highest pollen contributions, respectively. The qualitative composition of the AP was represented mainly by Broussonetia papyrifera, Morus, Celtis, Alnus, Platanus, Fraxinus, Myrtaceae, Juglans and Salix. During the ten years of continuous sampling, there was little variation in the pollen concentration per hour. The lowest and highest contribution occurred at 2 p.m., and 2 a.m., respectively. There was a strong seasonal effect on AP concentration. Air temperature positively affected AP concentrations, while air humidity negatively affected AP concentrations. Overall, the shape and intensity of the seasonal AP pattern in this region appears to be driven by long-term phenological dynamics.
{"title":"Strong seasonal effects and long-term weather-related factors drive the temporal variability of airborne pollen in the atmosphere of San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina","authors":"M. García, Nora J. F. Reyes, María L. Espeche, M. Ordano, César M. Lamelas, J. D. Forciniti, Maria Lorena Soulé Gómez","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2021.1880629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2021.1880629","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Knowledge about variations in allergenic pollen in the atmosphere is essential for human health programmes. This study aims to evaluate the influence of climatic variability on the arboreal pollen (AP) load, considering the annual, seasonal and intra-diurnal variability during ten years. We obtain data using a volumetric Burkard spore trap in San Miguel de Tucumán city. The seasonal behaviour of AP showed a short and intense flowering period from August to October. However, annual pollen concentrations varied considerably with 2008 and 2012 the years with the lowest and highest pollen contributions, respectively. The qualitative composition of the AP was represented mainly by Broussonetia papyrifera, Morus, Celtis, Alnus, Platanus, Fraxinus, Myrtaceae, Juglans and Salix. During the ten years of continuous sampling, there was little variation in the pollen concentration per hour. The lowest and highest contribution occurred at 2 p.m., and 2 a.m., respectively. There was a strong seasonal effect on AP concentration. Air temperature positively affected AP concentrations, while air humidity negatively affected AP concentrations. Overall, the shape and intensity of the seasonal AP pattern in this region appears to be driven by long-term phenological dynamics.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"60 1","pages":"372 - 384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00173134.2021.1880629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41566344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2020.1776765
Renhua Zheng, Shun De Su, Hui Xiao, L. Fang, H. Tian
Abstract Calcium dynamics in the developing pollen of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) were investigated using an antimonate calcium precipitation method. After microspores were released from the tetrad, abundant calcium precipitates formed on the surface of microspores. A characteristic event during microspore development is the formation of a large vacuole which displaces the nucleus to the periphery and produces polarity, which initiates male gametophyte development. During the formation of the large vacuole, calcium precipitates moved into the large vacuole via mitochondria, suggesting that calcium abundance is related to vacuole biogenesis and formation. After microspore division, the large vacuole reorganised and calcium became concentrated in smaller vacuoles. The pollen wall of Chinese fir consists mostly of the intine, composed of polysaccharose, and the surface of the pollen grains is covered with a thin indefinite structure, the exine, which is composed of sporopollenin. The function of calcium during pollen development and the characteristics of the pollen wall of Chinese fir are discussed.
{"title":"Calcium dynamic in the developing microsporangiums of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata)","authors":"Renhua Zheng, Shun De Su, Hui Xiao, L. Fang, H. Tian","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2020.1776765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2020.1776765","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Calcium dynamics in the developing pollen of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) were investigated using an antimonate calcium precipitation method. After microspores were released from the tetrad, abundant calcium precipitates formed on the surface of microspores. A characteristic event during microspore development is the formation of a large vacuole which displaces the nucleus to the periphery and produces polarity, which initiates male gametophyte development. During the formation of the large vacuole, calcium precipitates moved into the large vacuole via mitochondria, suggesting that calcium abundance is related to vacuole biogenesis and formation. After microspore division, the large vacuole reorganised and calcium became concentrated in smaller vacuoles. The pollen wall of Chinese fir consists mostly of the intine, composed of polysaccharose, and the surface of the pollen grains is covered with a thin indefinite structure, the exine, which is composed of sporopollenin. The function of calcium during pollen development and the characteristics of the pollen wall of Chinese fir are discussed.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"60 1","pages":"146 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00173134.2020.1776765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42406077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-22DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2020.1836022
M. Filipova-Marinova, D. Pavlov, K. Slavova, K. Chterev
The abyssal plain is the earliest formed morphological element of the Black Sea depression. The core studied is an uninterrupted sequence of Late Pleistocene and Holocene deep-water sediments. The modern western Black Sea coastal forest vegetation is various: temperate deciduous oak species such as Quercus cerris L. and Q. frainetto Ten. are dominant elements in lowland broadleaf deciduous forests; Fraxinus oxycarpa Willd., Ulmus minor Mill., and Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. are dominant in riverine flooded (riparian) forests; relic South-Euxinian forests of Fagus orientalis Lipsky, with the undergrowth of Rhododendron ponticum L. are spread in humid ravines of the Strandzha Mountains. More scarce are the steppe and the Mediterranean vegetation. The climate is ContinentalMediterranean. Mean annual precipitation is 480 mm. The mean annual temperature is 12 °C.
深海平原是黑海凹陷最早形成的形态元素。所研究的岩芯是一个不间断的晚更新世和全新世深水沉积物序列。现代黑海西部沿海森林植被多种多样：温带落叶橡树，如欧洲栎（Quercus cerris L.）和弗雷内托栎（Q.frainetto Ten）。是低地阔叶落叶林中的优势元素；白蜡。，Ulmus minor Mill。，和Alnus glutinosa（L.）Gaertn。在河流泛滥（河岸）的森林中占主导地位；在斯特兰扎山脉潮湿的峡谷中，分布着东方山竹（Fagus orientalis Lipsky）和桥状杜鹃（Rhododendron ponticum L。草原和地中海植被更为稀少。气候为大陆地中海气候。年平均降水量480毫米，年平均气温12°C。
{"title":"53. Deep water zone of the western Black Sea: the last 20 000 years of vegetation history","authors":"M. Filipova-Marinova, D. Pavlov, K. Slavova, K. Chterev","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2020.1836022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2020.1836022","url":null,"abstract":"The abyssal plain is the earliest formed morphological element of the Black Sea depression. The core studied is an uninterrupted sequence of Late Pleistocene and Holocene deep-water sediments. The modern western Black Sea coastal forest vegetation is various: temperate deciduous oak species such as Quercus cerris L. and Q. frainetto Ten. are dominant elements in lowland broadleaf deciduous forests; Fraxinus oxycarpa Willd., Ulmus minor Mill., and Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. are dominant in riverine flooded (riparian) forests; relic South-Euxinian forests of Fagus orientalis Lipsky, with the undergrowth of Rhododendron ponticum L. are spread in humid ravines of the Strandzha Mountains. More scarce are the steppe and the Mediterranean vegetation. The climate is ContinentalMediterranean. Mean annual precipitation is 480 mm. The mean annual temperature is 12 °C.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"60 1","pages":"398 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00173134.2020.1836022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47415766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2020.1844794
P. Adeonipekun, M. Adebayo, O. Oyebanji
Abstract The gradual disappearance of ferns due to biodiversity loss occasioned by anthropogenic activities and global climate change necessitated the need to document and study palynologically pteridophytes in Lagos State. Their peculiar habitat is fast declining in many urban centres of the world, including Nigeria. Previous studies in Nigeria mainly addressed their distribution, with limited reports on their morphology and systematic significance. Hence, we conducted a field survey and characterised the spore morphology of the encountered ferns in Lagos State, Nigeria, using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We recorded nine species belonging to nine genera and five families. The studied species varied in spore size, shape, and ornamentation. Spores’ sizes ranged between 30 μm × 32 μm in Nephrolepis biserrata and 122 μm × 127 μm in Ceratopteris cornuta. Symmetrically, they were bilateral or radial, and ranged in size between very large, large, and medium. Despite marginal differences in polar to equatorial diameter ratios (P/E ratios), the oblate-spheroidal shape class was found to be a synapomorphic character. We observed relationships between the spore shape and the corresponding aperture type. SEM revealed different spore ornamentation types – tuberculate, canaliculate, rugate/rugulate, reticulate, verrucate, tuberculate, and echinate. Our findings propose the potential use of spore P/E ratio and SEM as taxonomic diagnostic tools in Pteridophyte systematics. However, further studies with more representative species are needed to evaluate the factors influencing spore morphology and its taxonomic significance. Overall, this study provides insights into the systematics of ferns in Lagos State and would aid fern identification in palynology and palaeopalynology.
{"title":"Spore characterisation and its taxonomic significance in ferns from Lagos State, Nigeria","authors":"P. Adeonipekun, M. Adebayo, O. Oyebanji","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2020.1844794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2020.1844794","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The gradual disappearance of ferns due to biodiversity loss occasioned by anthropogenic activities and global climate change necessitated the need to document and study palynologically pteridophytes in Lagos State. Their peculiar habitat is fast declining in many urban centres of the world, including Nigeria. Previous studies in Nigeria mainly addressed their distribution, with limited reports on their morphology and systematic significance. Hence, we conducted a field survey and characterised the spore morphology of the encountered ferns in Lagos State, Nigeria, using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We recorded nine species belonging to nine genera and five families. The studied species varied in spore size, shape, and ornamentation. Spores’ sizes ranged between 30 μm × 32 μm in Nephrolepis biserrata and 122 μm × 127 μm in Ceratopteris cornuta. Symmetrically, they were bilateral or radial, and ranged in size between very large, large, and medium. Despite marginal differences in polar to equatorial diameter ratios (P/E ratios), the oblate-spheroidal shape class was found to be a synapomorphic character. We observed relationships between the spore shape and the corresponding aperture type. SEM revealed different spore ornamentation types – tuberculate, canaliculate, rugate/rugulate, reticulate, verrucate, tuberculate, and echinate. Our findings propose the potential use of spore P/E ratio and SEM as taxonomic diagnostic tools in Pteridophyte systematics. However, further studies with more representative species are needed to evaluate the factors influencing spore morphology and its taxonomic significance. Overall, this study provides insights into the systematics of ferns in Lagos State and would aid fern identification in palynology and palaeopalynology.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"60 1","pages":"271 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00173134.2020.1844794","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46789857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：