The objective of the paper is to make explicit the paving operations, the related asphalt temperature and density data, and the logistic process, as a fundamental step to identify improvement opportunities. For that, temperature data, roller compactor trajectories, asphalt density, paver speed, and trucks logistics, were collected. The results, analysis, and feedback received, point to specific opportunities for improvement, including avoiding the paver start-stop cycles, uniform compaction of the entire pavement surface, and definition of roller compaction strategy.
{"title":"Making the asphalt paving process explicit - A fundamental step for quality improvement","authors":"S. Lakušić","doi":"10.14256/jce.2427.2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14256/jce.2427.2018","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the paper is to make explicit the paving operations, the related asphalt temperature and density data, and the logistic process, as a fundamental step to identify improvement opportunities. For that, temperature data, roller compactor trajectories, asphalt density, paver speed, and trucks logistics, were collected. The results, analysis, and feedback received, point to specific opportunities for improvement, including avoiding the paver start-stop cycles, uniform compaction of the entire pavement surface, and definition of roller compaction strategy.","PeriodicalId":50415,"journal":{"name":"Gradevinar","volume":"72 1","pages":"1031-1040"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66966426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the effect of openings on global performance of Cold Formed Steel Shear Wall Panels is investigated numerically using the ABAQUS software. A benchmark model is first validated in terms of lateral shear capacity and nonlinear behaviour of the CFS-SWP. The failure mode of the CFS-SWP with opening is identified and validated. Subsequently, a parametric study on the effect of size and position of openings is conducted, in which the opening position is found to have a significant impact on the CFS-SWP performance. The benchmark model can be used for design purposes to evaluate with good accuracy the reduced ultimate strength of individual CFS-SWPs for any size and position of openings.
{"title":"Effect of openings on cold formed steel shear wall panels","authors":"I. Rouaz, N. Bourahla, Smail Kechidi","doi":"10.14256/jce.2755.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14256/jce.2755.2019","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the effect of openings on global performance of Cold Formed Steel Shear Wall Panels is investigated numerically using the ABAQUS software. A benchmark model is first validated in terms of lateral shear capacity and nonlinear behaviour of the CFS-SWP. The failure mode of the CFS-SWP with opening is identified and validated. Subsequently, a parametric study on the effect of size and position of openings is conducted, in which the opening position is found to have a significant impact on the CFS-SWP performance. The benchmark model can be used for design purposes to evaluate with good accuracy the reduced ultimate strength of individual CFS-SWPs for any size and position of openings.","PeriodicalId":50415,"journal":{"name":"Gradevinar","volume":"72 1","pages":"771-780"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47476034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianwei Cheng, Fangyuan Liu, Shi Yu, Congling Shi, Chang Qi, M. Borowski, Yongjun Zhang
In this work, a typical tunnel 150 m in length is selected and modelled at a scale of 1:15 to assess its effects on smoke control. A total of 32 model tests on smoke flow pattern and longitudinal temperature distribution have been carried out based on the Froude similarity criterion. The results show that smoke control is affected by three factors, namely, the longitudinal airflow velocity, number of opened smoke-exhaust dampers, and fire power, out of which the longitudinal airflow velocity has the greatest effect on smoke control.
{"title":"Model tests of fire smoke control effects in highway tunnels","authors":"Jianwei Cheng, Fangyuan Liu, Shi Yu, Congling Shi, Chang Qi, M. Borowski, Yongjun Zhang","doi":"10.14256/jce.2671.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14256/jce.2671.2019","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a typical tunnel 150 m in length is selected and modelled at a scale of 1:15 to assess its effects on smoke control. A total of 32 model tests on smoke flow pattern and longitudinal temperature distribution have been carried out based on the Froude similarity criterion. The results show that smoke control is affected by three factors, namely, the longitudinal airflow velocity, number of opened smoke-exhaust dampers, and fire power, out of which the longitudinal airflow velocity has the greatest effect on smoke control.","PeriodicalId":50415,"journal":{"name":"Gradevinar","volume":"72 1","pages":"781-792"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66967084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fundamental changes of the existing standard EN 1998-1, with incorporation of latest research results, are proposed in the second generation of Eurocode EN 1998-1-1. A spectrum of earthquake loads, defined by several points established in a probabilistic manner, is presented and commented on. In addition, the new EN 1998-1-1: a) introduces 12 return periods for earthquakes (instead of the previous two periods), b) cancels previous elastic spectra Type 1 and Type 2, c) introduces a new moment magnitude Mw instead of the surface magnitude Ms, d) introduces four limit states instead of the previous two NCR and DLR, etc.
{"title":"Proposal of response spectra in the second generation of Eurocode EN 1998-1-1 for seismic areas and comparison with the existing standard EN 1998-1: 2004","authors":"","doi":"10.14256/jce.2838.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14256/jce.2838.2019","url":null,"abstract":"Fundamental changes of the existing standard EN 1998-1, with incorporation of latest research results, are proposed in the second generation of Eurocode EN 1998-1-1. A spectrum of earthquake loads, defined by several points established in a probabilistic manner, is presented and commented on. In addition, the new EN 1998-1-1: a) introduces 12 return periods for earthquakes (instead of the previous two periods), b) cancels previous elastic spectra Type 1 and Type 2, c) introduces a new moment magnitude Mw instead of the surface magnitude Ms, d) introduces four limit states instead of the previous two NCR and DLR, etc.","PeriodicalId":50415,"journal":{"name":"Gradevinar","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66967314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A broader overview of the role of geotechnics in earthquake engineering is given, and a set of practical examples of the quantification of geotechnical seismic indicators for construction of individual buildings is provided. An overview of oncoming changes to the current design standards for evaluating the effect the soil has on buildings in earthquake conditions is also given. Considering the level of seismic activity in Croatia, the need for adopting a comprehensive approach to seismic microzoning is emphasized, which involves a whole array of indicators, from lithological, engineering geological, and hydrogeological properties, and position of active faults, to identification of unstable slopes and zones of pronounced liquefaction potential, for which extensive geophysical and geotechnical investigations are required.
{"title":"Geotechnics as an unavoidable segment of earthquake engineering","authors":"Mario Bačić, T. Ivšić, M. Kovačević","doi":"10.14256/jce.2968.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14256/jce.2968.2020","url":null,"abstract":"A broader overview of the role of geotechnics in earthquake engineering is given, and a set of practical examples of the quantification of geotechnical seismic indicators for construction of individual buildings is provided. An overview of oncoming changes to the current design standards for evaluating the effect the soil has on buildings in earthquake conditions is also given. Considering the level of seismic activity in Croatia, the need for adopting a comprehensive approach to seismic microzoning is emphasized, which involves a whole array of indicators, from lithological, engineering geological, and hydrogeological properties, and position of active faults, to identification of unstable slopes and zones of pronounced liquefaction potential, for which extensive geophysical and geotechnical investigations are required.","PeriodicalId":50415,"journal":{"name":"Gradevinar","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66968501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the case o seismic impact on rail infrastructure, even small deformations or damage to track structure can compromise safe operation of rail traffic. Damage can affect track substructure or permanent way of the track, but also the electrification system and safety-signalling devices. Ballast prism will suffer damage in case of greater intensity earthquakes, resulting in the reduction of lateral and longitudinal resistance of track structure. Earthquake action may also cause derailment of moving rail vehicles. Operation of rail vehicles also causes certain levels of vibrations, and so an analysis of subsequent effects of rail traffic.
{"title":"Railway infrastructure in earthquake affected areas","authors":"","doi":"10.14256/jce.2967.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14256/jce.2967.2020","url":null,"abstract":"In the case o seismic impact on rail infrastructure, even small deformations or damage to track structure can compromise safe operation of rail traffic. Damage can affect track substructure or permanent way of the track, but also the electrification system and safety-signalling devices. Ballast prism will suffer damage in case of greater intensity earthquakes, resulting in the reduction of lateral and longitudinal resistance of track structure. Earthquake action may also cause derailment of moving rail vehicles. Operation of rail vehicles also causes certain levels of vibrations, and so an analysis of subsequent effects of rail traffic.","PeriodicalId":50415,"journal":{"name":"Gradevinar","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66968365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Novak, J. Atalić, M. Herak, M. Demšić, M. Baniček, D. Lazarevic, N. Bijelić, M. Crnogorac, M. Todorić
Significant characteristics and main consequences of the 5.5 magnitude earthquake that struck Zagreb and its surroundings in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented in the paper. Although, from the seismologic aspect, the earthquake was of moderate magnitude, it caused the loss of one life and considerable material damage. An overview of the situation before the quake is given, and information about the location, seismic activity, and organisation of building inspection activity, is presented. The data on damage are roughly classified, with the focus on historic core of the city and districts situated close to the epicentre. A strong emphasis is placed on indispensable activities that should have been carried out a long time ago, in the hope that they will be prompted by this earthquake.
{"title":"Zagreb earthquake of 22 March 2020 – preliminary report on seismologic aspects and damage to buildings","authors":"M. Novak, J. Atalić, M. Herak, M. Demšić, M. Baniček, D. Lazarevic, N. Bijelić, M. Crnogorac, M. Todorić","doi":"10.14256/jce.2966.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14256/jce.2966.2020","url":null,"abstract":"Significant characteristics and main consequences of the 5.5 magnitude earthquake that struck Zagreb and its surroundings in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented in the paper. Although, from the seismologic aspect, the earthquake was of moderate magnitude, it caused the loss of one life and considerable material damage. An overview of the situation before the quake is given, and information about the location, seismic activity, and organisation of building inspection activity, is presented. The data on damage are roughly classified, with the focus on historic core of the city and districts situated close to the epicentre. A strong emphasis is placed on indispensable activities that should have been carried out a long time ago, in the hope that they will be prompted by this earthquake.","PeriodicalId":50415,"journal":{"name":"Gradevinar","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66968412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A considerable number of timber floor masonry structures, typical for construction practices of the late 19th century, were damaged in the earthquake that struck Zagreb on 22 March 2020. Due to the lack of reliable earthquake analyses of this type of structures, it is difficult to estimate the level of risk such buildings are exposed to in the case of design earthquake events. The results of seismic analysis of one such structure are presented in the paper. The analysis is based on displacements and is known as PBD (Performance Based Design). The real necessity, efficiency, and methods for improving seismic response of this type of structures, are discussed.
{"title":"Reliability of traditional timber-floor masonry buildings to seismic action","authors":"","doi":"10.14256/jce.2965.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14256/jce.2965.2020","url":null,"abstract":"A considerable number of timber floor masonry structures, typical for construction practices of the late 19th century, were damaged in the earthquake that struck Zagreb on 22 March 2020. Due to the lack of reliable earthquake analyses of this type of structures, it is difficult to estimate the level of risk such buildings are exposed to in the case of design earthquake events. The results of seismic analysis of one such structure are presented in the paper. The analysis is based on displacements and is known as PBD (Performance Based Design). The real necessity, efficiency, and methods for improving seismic response of this type of structures, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":50415,"journal":{"name":"Gradevinar","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66968289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Refurbishment of existing buildings has become an increasingly topical issue in recent years. The recent Zagreb earthquake has also increased public awareness about the issue of sensitivity of old buildings to seismic loads. Steel plays a significant role in all aspects of refurbishment as it offers reliable rehabilitation and retrofitting solutions. The paper provides an overview of refurbishment methods with an emphasis on the assessment procedure for existing buildings, and methods for their seismic retrofitting using steel. Solutions that use new steel elements or improve the properties of existing ones are discussed, and some innovative retrofitting systems are highlighted.
{"title":"Application of steel in refurbishment of earthquake-prone buildings","authors":"S. Lakušić","doi":"10.14256/jce.2970.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14256/jce.2970.2020","url":null,"abstract":"Refurbishment of existing buildings has become an increasingly topical issue in recent years. The recent Zagreb earthquake has also increased public awareness about the issue of sensitivity of old buildings to seismic loads. Steel plays a significant role in all aspects of refurbishment as it offers reliable rehabilitation and retrofitting solutions. The paper provides an overview of refurbishment methods with an emphasis on the assessment procedure for existing buildings, and methods for their seismic retrofitting using steel. Solutions that use new steel elements or improve the properties of existing ones are discussed, and some innovative retrofitting systems are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":50415,"journal":{"name":"Gradevinar","volume":"72 1","pages":"955-965"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66968551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The implementation of the Nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB) standard has enabled significant developments in the design and realisation of external building envelopes, which have the greatest influence on the quality of buildings in the sense of energy efficiency. Experience has shown that prerequisites for good-quality realisation of works mainly include competent and motivated workforce, appropriate equipment, and good communication between all participants in construction. Basic principles of architectural and civil engineering design and realisation of NZEB projects are presented, and problems occurring and possibly resulting in construction damage are presented in the paper.
{"title":"How to achieve Nearly zero-energy buildings standard","authors":"Bojan Milovanović, M. Bagaric","doi":"10.14256/jce.2923.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14256/jce.2923.2020","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of the Nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB) standard has enabled significant developments in the design and realisation of external building envelopes, which have the greatest influence on the quality of buildings in the sense of energy efficiency. Experience has shown that prerequisites for good-quality realisation of works mainly include competent and motivated workforce, appropriate equipment, and good communication between all participants in construction. Basic principles of architectural and civil engineering design and realisation of NZEB projects are presented, and problems occurring and possibly resulting in construction damage are presented in the paper.","PeriodicalId":50415,"journal":{"name":"Gradevinar","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66968004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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