Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2024.v3i1n06
Azhar Jasim Mohsin, Nadia Habeeb Sarhan, H. G. Idreess
This research aimed to isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus and Candida species from throat infections, as well as assess their antibiotic resistance. Samples were collected from both infected patients and healthy individuals, encompassing various ages and genders, in hospitals of Najaf province between December 2022 and March 2023. The findings revealed that S. aureus constituted 36.10% of isolates, followed by S. warneri at 22.81%, and S. lugdunensis at 15.29%. Notably, S. aureus isolates displayed 100% resistance to Penicillin (P), Aztreonam (ATM), and Oxacillin (OX), Amoxicillin (AMC) and Tetracycline (TE) exhibiting resistance rates of 81.95% and 78.19%, respectively. The study concluded that S. aureus was the predominant strain, followed by S. warneri. Antibiotic susceptibility testing on all S. aureus isolates (n=21) was conducted using seven selected antibiotics. Candida species identified included Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida glabrata, with maximum resistance observed against fluconazole (FLU) and polymyxin B (PB), followed by miconazole (MCL).
{"title":"Isolation And Identification Of Staphylococcus Aureus And Candida SPP From Throat Infections","authors":"Azhar Jasim Mohsin, Nadia Habeeb Sarhan, H. G. Idreess","doi":"10.58806/ijhmr.2024.v3i1n06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58806/ijhmr.2024.v3i1n06","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus and Candida species from throat infections, as well as assess their antibiotic resistance. Samples were collected from both infected patients and healthy individuals, encompassing various ages and genders, in hospitals of Najaf province between December 2022 and March 2023. The findings revealed that S. aureus constituted 36.10% of isolates, followed by S. warneri at 22.81%, and S. lugdunensis at 15.29%. Notably, S. aureus isolates displayed 100% resistance to Penicillin (P), Aztreonam (ATM), and Oxacillin (OX), Amoxicillin (AMC) and Tetracycline (TE) exhibiting resistance rates of 81.95% and 78.19%, respectively. The study concluded that S. aureus was the predominant strain, followed by S. warneri. Antibiotic susceptibility testing on all S. aureus isolates (n=21) was conducted using seven selected antibiotics. Candida species identified included Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida glabrata, with maximum resistance observed against fluconazole (FLU) and polymyxin B (PB), followed by miconazole (MCL).","PeriodicalId":504355,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Health & Medical Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140488861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Haemorrhage remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia. One significant factor contributing to bleeding is the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women. Early detection of anemia is crucial in preventing this condition, but the limited knowledge among pregnant women can impede successful treatment of anemia in Indonesia. Objective: The purpose of this community service project is to enhance pregnant women’s understanding of anemia during pregnancy and enhance their mindset so that they recognize the significance of avoiding and treating anemia during pregnancy. Research Method: The study involved conducting a simulation that utilized citrus fruit and organizing small group discussions about anemia. The participants were 30 pregnant women residing in impoverished areas in the Karawang district. Results: The minimal knowledge score showed a significant rise between before and after the activity, rising from a minimum score of 7 to a minimum score of 13. Similarly, the maximum knowledge score climbed from 80 to 100. The majority of respondents expressed a strong consensus that anemia poses a significant risk to pregnancy. Consequently, respondents also strongly concurred on the need for concerted measures to address this issue. To prevent anemia, it is important to take iron supplement tablets and maintain a diet that is rich in nutritious food. Conclusion: Engaging in positive activities outside of pregnancy check-ups with healthcare professionals can serve as a platform for receiving support and fostering mutual sharing among pregnant women. This has the potential to enhance the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women towards preventing anemia throughout pregnancy.
{"title":"Simulation Of Orange Fruit Use And Small Group Discussions In A Village With Extreme Poverty To Mitigate Anemia In Pregnant Women: A Community Program Report In Indonesia","authors":"Astri Nurdiana, Eni Kurniati, Hansrizka Raisna, Ketie Salmah Ginarti, Riska Setiawati, Wina Ramanda Sari, Yulfitriani Solehati, Rukmaini Rukmaini","doi":"10.58806/ijhmr.2024.v3i1n04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58806/ijhmr.2024.v3i1n04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Haemorrhage remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia. One significant factor contributing to bleeding is the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women. Early detection of anemia is crucial in preventing this condition, but the limited knowledge among pregnant women can impede successful treatment of anemia in Indonesia. Objective: The purpose of this community service project is to enhance pregnant women’s understanding of anemia during pregnancy and enhance their mindset so that they recognize the significance of avoiding and treating anemia during pregnancy. Research Method: The study involved conducting a simulation that utilized citrus fruit and organizing small group discussions about anemia. The participants were 30 pregnant women residing in impoverished areas in the Karawang district. Results: The minimal knowledge score showed a significant rise between before and after the activity, rising from a minimum score of 7 to a minimum score of 13. Similarly, the maximum knowledge score climbed from 80 to 100. The majority of respondents expressed a strong consensus that anemia poses a significant risk to pregnancy. Consequently, respondents also strongly concurred on the need for concerted measures to address this issue. To prevent anemia, it is important to take iron supplement tablets and maintain a diet that is rich in nutritious food. Conclusion: Engaging in positive activities outside of pregnancy check-ups with healthcare professionals can serve as a platform for receiving support and fostering mutual sharing among pregnant women. This has the potential to enhance the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women towards preventing anemia throughout pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":504355,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Health & Medical Research","volume":"107 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139614596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2024.v3i1n03
Ali Majid Hassan, Ali J Eidan, Murtadha Kanim Adea
Background: Stress occurs when the internal homeostasis is disrupted by external environmental stressors. Salivary Alpha Amylase (sAA) levels are increased in response to stress, and it is frequently used as a biomarker of stress. Aims: To determine the relationship between stress and alpha-amylase levels among presenters by the difference in levels scored in pre and post presentation. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to achieve the objectives of the study and was achieved to determine the association between stress and salivary alpha amylase levels for presenters during the period from 10th. Jan, 2022 to Jan, 20th. Mar, 2022. The study was conducted by selecting a typical form of non-probability (Purposive) sample. The size of the sample of 70 participants was included in the study. Results: The relationship between stress and the level of alpha amylase concentration was low in post presentation in comparison with pre presentation (0.11±0.03) and (0.13±0.02) respectively. This result was statistically highly significant according to paired t-test and the P-value was < 0.001. Furthermore, the level of Alpha amylase activity was low in post presentation in comparison with pre presentation (289658.5±76490.7) and (321693.9±52219.2) respectively. This result was statistically highly significant according to paired one group t-test and the P-value was<=0.0001. Conclusion: It was concluded Stress was elevated in the post-presentation in compare with the pre-presentation. and the levels of alpha amylase were affected by the presenters’ age groups.
背景：当体内平衡受到外部环境压力的破坏时，就会产生压力。唾液中的α-淀粉酶（sAA）水平会随着压力的增加而升高，经常被用作压力的生物标志物。目的：通过演讲前和演讲后α-淀粉酶水平的差异，确定演讲者压力与α-淀粉酶水平之间的关系。材料与方法为实现研究目标，我们进行了一项横断面描述性研究，以确定 2022 年 1 月 10 日至 2020 年 1 月 20 日期间演讲者的压力与唾液α-淀粉酶水平之间的关系。2022年1月10日至1月20日。2022年3月。研究采用了典型的非概率（有目的）抽样形式。参与研究的样本人数为 70 人。研究结果与发病前（0.11±0.03）和（0.13±0.02）相比，发病后（0.11±0.03）和（0.13±0.02）的压力与α-淀粉酶浓度水平之间的关系较低。根据配对 t 检验，这一结果具有高度统计学意义，且 P 值小于 0.001。此外，与发病前（289658.5±76490.7）和（321693.9±52219.2）相比，发病后的α-淀粉酶活性水平较低。根据配对单组 t 检验，该结果具有高度统计学意义，P 值<=0.0001。结论α-淀粉酶的水平受到演讲者年龄组的影响。
{"title":"Relationship Between Stress And Alpha Amylase Levels Among Presenters","authors":"Ali Majid Hassan, Ali J Eidan, Murtadha Kanim Adea","doi":"10.58806/ijhmr.2024.v3i1n03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58806/ijhmr.2024.v3i1n03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stress occurs when the internal homeostasis is disrupted by external environmental stressors. Salivary Alpha Amylase (sAA) levels are increased in response to stress, and it is frequently used as a biomarker of stress. Aims: To determine the relationship between stress and alpha-amylase levels among presenters by the difference in levels scored in pre and post presentation. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to achieve the objectives of the study and was achieved to determine the association between stress and salivary alpha amylase levels for presenters during the period from 10th. Jan, 2022 to Jan, 20th. Mar, 2022. The study was conducted by selecting a typical form of non-probability (Purposive) sample. The size of the sample of 70 participants was included in the study. Results: The relationship between stress and the level of alpha amylase concentration was low in post presentation in comparison with pre presentation (0.11±0.03) and (0.13±0.02) respectively. This result was statistically highly significant according to paired t-test and the P-value was < 0.001. Furthermore, the level of Alpha amylase activity was low in post presentation in comparison with pre presentation (289658.5±76490.7) and (321693.9±52219.2) respectively. This result was statistically highly significant according to paired one group t-test and the P-value was<=0.0001. Conclusion: It was concluded Stress was elevated in the post-presentation in compare with the pre-presentation. and the levels of alpha amylase were affected by the presenters’ age groups.","PeriodicalId":504355,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Health & Medical Research","volume":" 74","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139619482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2024.v3i1n02
Thi-Quynh Nguyen, Thi-Hien Cao
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging and rapidly evolving profound pandemic, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and results in significant case fatality around the world. We conducted this study to identify locally transmitted COVID-19 spatial clusters and hotspots in this phrase of the fourth wave in Vietnam. Data used and Methods: A total of 9,192 locally transmitted cases confirmed in this phrase in the fourth wave were used in study. Global and local Moran’s I and Getis-Ord’s G_i^* statistics were employed to identify spatial autocorrelation and hotspots of COVID-19 cases. Results: It was found that global Moran’s I statistic indicates a robust spatial autocorrelation of COVID-19 cases. Local Moran’s I statistic successfully identified three high-high spatial clusters of COVID-19 cases in Bac Giang (5,083 cases), Bac Ninh (1,407 cases), and Hanoi (464 cases). In addition, hotspots of COVID-19 cases were mainly detected in Bac Giang (5,083 cases), Bac Ninh (1,470 cases), Hanoi (464 cases), Hai Duong (51 cases), and Thai Nguyen (7 cases). Conclusion: The results of this work offer new perspectives on the geostatistical analysis of COVID-19 clusters and hotspots, which could help policy planners anticipate the dynamics of spatiotemporal transmission and develop critical control measures for SARS-CoV-2 in Vietnam. Future pandemics and epidemics can be avoided and controlled with the help of geospatial analysis techniques.
{"title":"Identification Of Locally Transmitted COVID-19 Spatial Clusters And Hotspots","authors":"Thi-Quynh Nguyen, Thi-Hien Cao","doi":"10.58806/ijhmr.2024.v3i1n02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58806/ijhmr.2024.v3i1n02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging and rapidly evolving profound pandemic, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and results in significant case fatality around the world. We conducted this study to identify locally transmitted COVID-19 spatial clusters and hotspots in this phrase of the fourth wave in Vietnam. Data used and Methods: A total of 9,192 locally transmitted cases confirmed in this phrase in the fourth wave were used in study. Global and local Moran’s I and Getis-Ord’s G_i^* statistics were employed to identify spatial autocorrelation and hotspots of COVID-19 cases. Results: It was found that global Moran’s I statistic indicates a robust spatial autocorrelation of COVID-19 cases. Local Moran’s I statistic successfully identified three high-high spatial clusters of COVID-19 cases in Bac Giang (5,083 cases), Bac Ninh (1,407 cases), and Hanoi (464 cases). In addition, hotspots of COVID-19 cases were mainly detected in Bac Giang (5,083 cases), Bac Ninh (1,470 cases), Hanoi (464 cases), Hai Duong (51 cases), and Thai Nguyen (7 cases). Conclusion: The results of this work offer new perspectives on the geostatistical analysis of COVID-19 clusters and hotspots, which could help policy planners anticipate the dynamics of spatiotemporal transmission and develop critical control measures for SARS-CoV-2 in Vietnam. Future pandemics and epidemics can be avoided and controlled with the help of geospatial analysis techniques.","PeriodicalId":504355,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Health & Medical Research","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139620516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Neem (Azadiractha indica A. Juss) as a tropical and subtropical plant has been widely used in traditional medicine since prehistoric times. Several biological activities, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, have been demonstrated in Neem extract. Aim: The study aims to research was carried out on the physicochemical properties of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) using ethyl acetate and n-hexane as solvents. Methode: In this study, Azadiractha indica A. Juss leaves was extracted using a maceration method with two fluids namely ethyl acetate a n-hexane. The extract based on six parameters from determining physicochemical properties, namely % yield, organoleptic, determination of dissolved compound levels, phytochemical screening, determination of drying Shrinkage and determination of specific weight. Result : The results of this study showed, the yield obtained for each solvent is 6.218% ethyl acetate extract and 0.968 % n-hexane extract. Organoleptic examination (form, colour, smell and flavor) for ethyl acetate extract was thick, blackish green, distinctive smell and bitter, and than n-hexan extract was thick, brownish yellow, odorless and bitter. In the ethyl acetate extract, the levels of compounds dissolved in water and ethanol solvents were 16.84 % ± 0.061 and 68.29 % ± 0.042 respectively. The levels of compounds in the n-hexane extract dissolved in water and ethanol were 4.26% ± 0.064 and 23.18% ± 0.049, respectively. The results of the phytochemical screening for ethyl acetate extract of neem leaves are alkaloids and flavonoids. Meanwhile, n-Hexane extract from neem leaves contains alkaloids and terpenoids. The drying loss values obtained from ethyl acetate extract and n-Hexan extract of neem leaves were 4.748% ± 0.257 and 5.219% ± 0.089. Specific gravity obtained from The dilution of ethyl acetate extract and n-hexane extract of neem leaves was 1.0389 g/mL ± 0.039 and 1.0289 g/mL ± 0.038. Conclusion: This study showed that variations in solvents in extraction can affect the physicochemical properties. The extract with ethyl acetate solvent showed better physicochemical properties where the extract obtained in % yield, soluble compound content, phytochemical screening, determination of drying Shrinkage and determination of specific weight was better compared to the extract with n-hexane.
{"title":"Physicochemical Determination Of Ethyl Acetate Extract And N-Hexane Extract Of Azadiractha Indica A. Juss Leaves","authors":"Yuri Pratiwi Utami, Nurzadrina Wahyuddin, Ainun Jariah, Rahma Mustari, Imelda Desi","doi":"10.58806/ijhmr.2024.v3i1n01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58806/ijhmr.2024.v3i1n01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neem (Azadiractha indica A. Juss) as a tropical and subtropical plant has been widely used in traditional medicine since prehistoric times. Several biological activities, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, have been demonstrated in Neem extract. Aim: The study aims to research was carried out on the physicochemical properties of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) using ethyl acetate and n-hexane as solvents. Methode: In this study, Azadiractha indica A. Juss leaves was extracted using a maceration method with two fluids namely ethyl acetate a n-hexane. The extract based on six parameters from determining physicochemical properties, namely % yield, organoleptic, determination of dissolved compound levels, phytochemical screening, determination of drying Shrinkage and determination of specific weight. Result : The results of this study showed, the yield obtained for each solvent is 6.218% ethyl acetate extract and 0.968 % n-hexane extract. Organoleptic examination (form, colour, smell and flavor) for ethyl acetate extract was thick, blackish green, distinctive smell and bitter, and than n-hexan extract was thick, brownish yellow, odorless and bitter. In the ethyl acetate extract, the levels of compounds dissolved in water and ethanol solvents were 16.84 % ± 0.061 and 68.29 % ± 0.042 respectively. The levels of compounds in the n-hexane extract dissolved in water and ethanol were 4.26% ± 0.064 and 23.18% ± 0.049, respectively. The results of the phytochemical screening for ethyl acetate extract of neem leaves are alkaloids and flavonoids. Meanwhile, n-Hexane extract from neem leaves contains alkaloids and terpenoids. The drying loss values obtained from ethyl acetate extract and n-Hexan extract of neem leaves were 4.748% ± 0.257 and 5.219% ± 0.089. Specific gravity obtained from The dilution of ethyl acetate extract and n-hexane extract of neem leaves was 1.0389 g/mL ± 0.039 and 1.0289 g/mL ± 0.038. Conclusion: This study showed that variations in solvents in extraction can affect the physicochemical properties. The extract with ethyl acetate solvent showed better physicochemical properties where the extract obtained in % yield, soluble compound content, phytochemical screening, determination of drying Shrinkage and determination of specific weight was better compared to the extract with n-hexane.","PeriodicalId":504355,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Health & Medical Research","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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