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Tinjauan Hukum Islam Kredit Online (Pay Later) dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Online Menurut Imam Madzhab 伊玛目对网上买卖交易中在线信贷(稍后付款)的伊斯兰法律评论
Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i3.3450
Achmad Afad El Barkah, Rrizky Fitra Auliya, Nelud Darajaatul Aliyah
This study examines the compliance of online credit transactions, specifically the Pay Later feature, with Islamic law according to various Islamic jurists (Imam Madzhab). While many Muslims engage in business transactions, they often overlook Islamic principles, focusing on individual profits. The Pay Later system, which allows consumers to purchase items and defer payment, is scrutinized for its alignment with Islamic concepts such as Istijrar. Scholars argue that transactions where the total price is unknown until payment are impermissible. Although services like Shopee Pay Later meet several Islamic contractual criteria, they face criticism for potential riba (usury) due to additional charges. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, analyzing literature from books, journals, and Islamic texts, and concludes that while Pay Later transactions can meet Islamic requirements, their permissibility remains debated.
本研究根据多位伊斯兰法学家(伊玛目马德扎布)的观点,探讨了在线信贷交易,特别是 "稍后付款 "功能,是否符合伊斯兰教法。虽然许多穆斯林参与商业交易,但他们往往忽视伊斯兰原则,只关注个人利益。允许消费者购买商品并延期付款的 "稍后付款 "系统是否符合伊斯兰教概念(如 Istijrar)值得仔细研究。学者们认为,在付款之前总价未知的交易是不允许的。尽管像 Shopee Pay Later 这样的服务符合一些伊斯兰合同标准,但它们因额外收费而面临潜在利巴(高利贷)的批评。本研究采用描述性定性方法,分析了书籍、期刊和伊斯兰文本中的文献,得出结论认为,虽然 "稍后付款 "交易符合伊斯兰教的要求,但其允许性仍存在争议。
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引用次数: 0
Peran Mahkamah Internasional dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa antar Negara 国际法院在解决国家间争端中的作用
Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i3.3375
Simon sieman Gea, Firhan Azwa Samosir, Berlandya Gatta Risven Girsang, Maulana Khairul Suganda Noor, Imam Ardillah
Mahkamah International (MI), a member of the international business community, is a country that has been struggling to make ends meet and has been in the spotlight since 1945. Since then, MI has been promoting international trade and has been promoting international trade. After all, MI has been trying to make ends meet for many years, but it is still unclear what kind of trade it has been, and what kind of trade it has been. However, MI has been trying to make ends meet for many years, but it is still unclear what kind of trade it has been, and what kind of trade it has been. The United Nations has implemented effective measures to ensure the stability and quality of global operations.
马赫卡马国际公司(MI)是国际商业界的一员,自 1945 年以来,这个国家一直在入不敷出的困境中挣扎,并一直备受关注。从那时起,MI 就一直在促进国际贸易,并一直在促进国际贸易。毕竟,MI 多年来一直在努力维持生计,但究竟是什么样的贸易,又是什么样的贸易,目前尚不清楚。不过,军事情报局多年来一直在努力维持生计,但究竟是什么贸易,是什么样的贸易,至今仍不清楚。行有效措施,确保全球业务的稳定和质量。
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引用次数: 0
Riba dalam Al-Qur’an: Analisis Komparatif Muhammad Abduh dan Quraish Shihab 古兰经》中的高利贷:穆罕默德-阿卜杜和古莱什-谢哈布的比较分析
Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i3.3328
Fandi Husain, Rizki Amar
Usury "excess" is a transaction that scholars firmly agree on its prohibition. The problem then is whether every double (adh'âfan mudh'afah) is categorised as usury, this then raises various interpretations by the mufassir both classical and contemporary scholars today. This research seeks to explore the concept of usury according to the understanding of Muhammad Abduh as the foundation of modern-contemporary tafsir and M. Quraish Shihab as a contemporary tafsir. This type of research is library research (librari reseach) with a descriptive-comparative research model, and focuses on tafsir Al-Manar and tafsir Al-Mishbah as primary sources. While tafsir books, articles-journals, dictionaries, web pages, as secondary sources. The results showed that Muhammad Abduh argued that usury is forbidden which is multiple and contains elements of exploitation as it happened in pre-Islamic times. And he allows usury that contains benefits. While M. Quraish Shihab interprets usury as "excess" which contains elements of persecution and oppression so it is prohibited. Both agree on the dangers posed by usury and even Shihab quotes Abduh's expression that the usurer can be considered a disbeliever.
高利贷 "超额 "是学者们一致同意禁止的交易。问题在于是否所有的双重(adh'âfan mudh'afah)都被归类为高利贷,这就引起了当今古典和当代学者对高利贷的各种解释。本研究试图根据穆罕默德-阿卜杜(Muhammad Abduh)作为现当代塔夫西尔(tafsir)的基础和古莱什-谢哈布(M. Quraish Shihab)作为当代塔夫西尔(tafsir)的理解来探讨高利贷的概念。此类研究属于图书馆研究(librari reseach),采用描述-比较研究模式,重点关注作为主要资料来源的《玛纳尔》和《米什巴》塔夫西尔。塔夫西尔》书籍、文章期刊、字典、网页则作为第二手资料。研究结果表明,穆罕默德-阿卜杜认为,高利贷是被禁止的,因为它是多重的,包含剥削的成分,就像伊斯兰教以前的时代一样。他允许包含利益的高利贷。而 M. Quraish Shihab 将高利贷解释为 "过度",含有迫害和压迫的成分,因此是禁止的。两人都同意高利贷带来的危险,甚至谢哈布还引用了阿卜杜勒的说法,即高利贷者可被视为不信教者。
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引用次数: 0
Pengaruh Terapi Warna terhadap Kecemasan pada Mahasiswa 色彩疗法对大学生焦虑症的影响
Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i2.3197
Raisya Haruni Widara, Husnul Khatimah, Aidil Zikri, Prima Aulia
This research was used to determine the effect of color therapy on anxiety in final year students. This research method uses a quasi-experimental design with a onegroup pretest - post-test design approach. The instrument used was the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS/SRAS). In analyzing the data, researchers used data analysis with several steps for normality testing, homogeneity testing and hypothesis testing. The resulting Sig value. Amounting to 0.516 and 0.593. This proves that the data from the experimental group is also normally distributed. These results indicate that the effect of color therapy on anxiety in final year students has an influence on color therapy in reducing anxiety in final year students before giving the intervention and after giving the intervention.
本研究旨在确定色彩疗法对毕业班学生焦虑症的影响。该研究方法采用了准实验设计,即一组前测--一组后测的设计方法。使用的工具是 Zung 焦虑自评量表(SAS/SRAS)。在分析数据时,研究人员使用了数据分析的几个步骤,包括正态性检验、同质性检验和假设检验。得出的 Sig 值为 0.516。分别为 0.516 和 0.593。这证明实验组的数据也呈正态分布。这些结果表明,色彩疗法对毕业班学生焦虑的影响在干预前和干预后对降低毕业班学生的焦虑有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Efektivitas Music Therapy dalam Mengatasi Stres pada Remaja 音乐疗法在应对青少年压力方面的效果
Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i2.3195
Firenia Aprilaniki Iswandi, Dian Hamama, Rizkiqa Tria Fanesha, Prima Aulia
Stress is a common experience among individuals, including adolescents who face academic, social, and emotional pressures. Excessive stress negatively impacts their physical and mental well-being as well as academic performance. Music therapy has been recognized as a potential intervention to reduce stress. This experimental study used a one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 9 adolescents aged 15-18 years from West Sumatra who were experiencing stress. The intervention involved four sessions of music therapy over a period of time. Stress levels were measured using the modified Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Paired Sample T-test. The results indicated a significant reduction in stress levels among 8 out of 9 subjects after the music therapy intervention, with a p-value of 0.002, indicating a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores. Music therapy is effective in significantly reducing stress levels in adolescents. The findings support the use of music therapy as a beneficial intervention for managing stress in this age group.
压力是每个人都会经历的,包括面临学业、社交和情感压力的青少年。过度的压力会对他们的身心健康和学习成绩产生负面影响。音乐疗法被认为是一种潜在的减压干预措施。本实验研究采用单组前测后测设计。研究对象是来自西苏门答腊岛的 9 名 15-18 岁青少年,他们都面临着压力。干预措施包括在一段时间内进行四次音乐治疗。干预前后的压力水平采用改良的感知压力量表(PSS-10)进行测量。数据采用配对样本 T 检验法进行分析。结果显示,9 名受试者中有 8 人在接受音乐治疗干预后压力水平明显降低,P 值为 0.002,表明测试前和测试后的得分之间存在显著差异。音乐疗法能有效大幅降低青少年的压力水平。研究结果支持使用音乐疗法作为一种有益的干预措施来管理这一年龄组的压力。
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引用次数: 0
Pengaruh Media Crossword Puzzle terhadap Penguasaan Goi Siswa Kelas XI SMAN 1 X Koto 填字游戏媒体对 SMAN 1 X Koto 十一年级学生掌握围棋的影响
Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i2.3142
Serly Deliza Putri, Rahmi Oktayory Wikarya
When learning Japanese language, vocabulary is one of the most important elements that students must understand and master. In reality, there are several problems faced by students when learning vocabulary. Based on interviews with the relevant teacher, it was shown that many students have difficulty mastering vocabulary. This is due to the large number of vocabulary words that must be memorized in each chapter of the learning material. Therefore, more varied teaching methods and media are needed to help students understand vocabulary more easily. By using crossword puzzle media can resolved this problem. The purpose of this study is to describe the level of influence of crossword puzzle media on the vocabulary mastery of 11th-grade students. This research is quantitative research with a pre-experimental design of the one-group pre-test post-test design type. Data was collected using a purposive sampling technique, specifically class XI.F.4, which consists of 34 students. Based on the results of the t-test, it was concluded that H1 was accepted at a significance level of 0.05 because the sig value < 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05), which means that the vocabulary mastery in the post-test is significantly different from the pre-test. In other words, the use of crossword puzzle media is effective in vocabulary learning.
学习日语时,词汇是学生必须理解和掌握的最重要内容之一。在现实生活中,学生在学习词汇时面临着一些问题。根据对相关教师的访谈,许多学生在掌握词汇方面存在困难。这是由于学习材料中每一章都有大量的词汇需要记忆。因此,需要更多样的教学方法和媒体来帮助学生更轻松地理解词汇。使用填字游戏媒体可以解决这个问题。本研究的目的是描述填字游戏媒体对 11 年级学生词汇掌握情况的影响程度。本研究为定量研究,采用单组前测试后测试的前实验设计。数据收集采用了目的性抽样技术,特别是 XI.F.4 班,该班共有 34 名学生。根据 t 检验的结果,得出结论:在 0.05 的显著性水平下接受 H1,因为 sig 值 < 0.05(0.000 < 0.05),这意味着后测的词汇掌握情况与前测相比有显著差异。换言之,使用填字游戏媒体对词汇学习是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
Perlindungan Hukum atas Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Komunitas Band di Kabupaten Merauke 美劳科地区乐队社区知识产权的法律保护
Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i2.3121
M. S. Fahmi, Ricardo Goncalves Klau, Rudini Hasyim Rado, Ilham Majid
The creative industries have been set by the government as one of the pillars of national economic development, according to OPUS Creative Economy 2020 report, the contribution of the creative economy subsector to the national PDP reached Rs. McKinsey & Company through its research in 2016 stated that Indonesia is becoming one of the four most potential countries for the digital music industry in Asia, revenue or market value of streaming music in Indonesia in 2020 is estimated to reach $148 million or around IDR 2.1 Trillion and the growth rate is expected to reach 6.4 percent by 2024, creating market value around $190 million. One of the forms of music produced by the people in Indonesia and in particular in Merauke district was born from the local community of bands, such as Coffe Break, Kaki Abu, Amandus (Black Lebel One Scout), Jeppo (KANADA), and Anjhas Noya. (No Name Crew). Nevertheless, the potential economic gain cannot be achieved optimally if the importance of legal protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) is disregarded. In general, this research is intended to find out and analyze the extent to which the legal protection of IPR for music/song creations in the Band Community in Merauke district. This research uses the method of empirical juridic research. 
创意产业已被政府确定为国民经济发展的支柱产业之一,根据《OPUS 创意经济 2020》报告,创意经济子行业对国家 PDP 的贡献率达到 Rs。麦肯锡公司在2016年的研究报告中指出,印尼正在成为亚洲数字音乐产业最具潜力的四个国家之一,2020年印尼流媒体音乐的收入或市场价值预计将达到1.48亿美元,约合2.1万亿印尼盾,到2024年,增长率预计将达到6.4%,创造的市场价值约为1.9亿美元。印尼,尤其是默拉克地区的人民所创造的音乐形式之一诞生于当地的乐队社区,如 Coffe Break、Kaki Abu、Amandus(Black Lebel One Scout)、Jeppo(KANADA)和 Anjhas Noya。(无名乐队)。然而,如果忽视知识产权(IPR)法律保护的重要性,潜在的经济收益就无法达到最佳效果。总体而言,本研究旨在了解和分析美劳科地区乐队社区对音乐/歌曲创作的知识产权的法律保护程度。本研究采用实证法学研究方法。
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引用次数: 0
Peradilan Agama di Indonesia Pasca UU Nomor 50 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas UU Nomor 7 Tahun 1989 关于对 1989 年第 7 号法律进行第二次修订的 2009 年第 50 号法律之后的印度尼西亚宗教法院
Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i2.3030
Nursalam Nursalam, Muh. Shuhufi, Lomba Sultan
This research aims to reveal and analyze the existence of Religious Courts as a robust and equal branch of judicial power alongside other courts, as regulated by the Judicial Power Law. Religious courts are one of the judicial bodies exercising judicial power to enforce law and justice for people seeking justice in specific cases involving Muslims, particularly in matters of marriage, inheritance, wills, gifts, endowments, zakat, infak, alms, and sharia economy. The factors supporting the existence of religious courts are based on changes in Law Number 7 of 1989 to Law Number 3 of 2006 and Law Number 50 of 2009 concerning Religious Courts. With these changes, the institutional existence of Religious Courts has been strengthened as their adjudicative authority has been expanded, making their institutional presence as solid as other courts. This expanded authority elevates the status of Religious Courts as a medium for maintaining their institutional existence. The hindering factors include the limited physical and non-physical facilities, such as human resources (HR) that are not evenly distributed in quality and quantity within the Religious Courts, and the fact that many judges in the Religious Courts do not yet fully master civil law and civil procedural law. The amendment of Law Number 50 of 2009 brought significant changes to the judiciary in Indonesia, including changes in the position and authority of religious judges. The position of judges post-amendment of Law Number 50 of 2009 is regulated by the Supreme Court, in accordance with Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power, which places Religious Courts alongside other courts under the Supreme Court. Additionally, the Judicial Commission exists to uphold the honor, dignity, and conduct of judges, providing external oversight of judges.
本研究旨在揭示和分析宗教法院的存在,根据《司法权法》的规定,宗教法院与其他法院一样,是司法权中强有力的、平等的分支机构。宗教法院是行使司法权的司法机构之一,在涉及穆斯林的具体案件中,特别是在婚姻、继承、遗嘱、馈赠、捐赠、天课、赈济、施舍和伊斯兰教法经济等问题上,为寻求正义的人们执行法律和伸张正义。1989 年第 7 号法律、2006 年第 3 号法律和 2009 年关于宗教法院的第 50 号法律的变化是支持宗教法院存在的因素。随着这些变化,宗教法院的机构存在得到了加强,因为其裁决权得到了扩大,使其机构存在与其他法院一样稳固。权力的扩大提升了宗教法院的地位,使其成为维持其机构存在的媒介。阻碍因素包括有形和无形设施有限,如宗教法院内部的人力资源(HR)在质量和数量上分布不均,以及宗教法院的许多法官尚未完全掌握民法和民事诉讼法。2009 年第 50 号法律修正案给印度尼西亚司法机构带来了重大变化,包括宗教法官职位和权力的变化。根据关于司法权的 2009 年第 48 号法律,2009 年第 50 号法律修订后的法官职位由最高法院管理,该法律将宗教法院与最高法院下属的其他法院并列。此外,司法委员会负责维护法官的荣誉、尊严和行为,对法官进行外部监督。
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引用次数: 0
Faktor-faktor Perkawinan Usia Muda di Nagari Pakan Raba’a Tengah Kecamatan Koto Parik Gadang Diateh Kabupaten Solok Selatan 南索洛克县 Koto Parik Gadang Diateh 区 Nagari Pakan Raba'a Tengah 的年轻婚姻因素
Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i2.3027
Eriza Yanti, Yurni Suasti
This study aims to: 1) to find out the factors that most influence young marriage in Nagari Pakan Raba'a Tengah, Koto Parik Gadang Diateh District, South Solok Regency, and 2) to find out the social impact and economic impact of young marriage in Nagari Pakan Raba'a Tengah, Koto Parik Gadang Diateh District, South Solok Regency. This type of research uses qualitative methods. As for data collection by conducting observations, interviews, and documentation. The data source of this research uses primary data obtained and collected by researchers directly in the field and uses secondary data obtained from journals and related agencies. The results of this study reveal that the factors of young marriage are low education, family economy, already working, avoiding gossip slander, avoiding adultery, parental will, individual will, and getting pregnant outside of marriage in Nagari Pakan Raba'a Tengah, Koto Parik Gadang Diateh District, South Solok Regency and the social impact of young marriage in this Nagari in the form of a lack of interaction between couples who marry young and the surrounding community and the economic impact of young marriage in this Nagari in the form of difficulties in meeting the needs of life due to insufficient livelihoods.
本研究旨在1)找出最能影响南索洛克摄政区 Koto Parik Gadang Diateh 县 Nagari Pakan Raba'a Tengah 地区青年婚姻的因素;2)找出南索洛克摄政区 Koto Parik Gadang Diateh 县 Nagari Pakan Raba'a Tengah 地区青年婚姻的社会影响和经济影响。这类研究采用定性方法。通过观察、访谈和记录来收集数据。本研究的数据来源使用研究人员直接在实地获得和收集的原始数据,并使用从期刊和相关机构获得的二手数据。研究结果表明,在南索洛克县(South Solok Regency)和加当迪提赫区(Koto Parik Gadang Diateh District),年轻婚姻的因素包括教育程度低、家庭经济状况、已经工作、避免流言诽谤、避免通奸、父母意愿、个人意愿和婚外怀孕、南索洛克县(South Solok Regency)Nagari Pakan Raba'a Tengah 的年轻婚姻对社会的影响表现为年轻夫妇与周围社区之间缺乏互动,以及年轻婚姻对经济的影响表现为因生计不足而难以满足生活需求。
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引用次数: 0
Dampak Perceraian terhadap Anak Perspektif Psikologi Pendidikan 从教育心理学的角度看离婚对儿童的影响
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i2.2951
S. Rohimah, Azhar Nurachman, Rizka Setiawan
The harmonious relationship between parents and children is crucial in a family, as the harmony within the household significantly influences the growth, development, and education of children. However, it is inherent in human nature that happiness, suffering, pain, joy, illness, harmony, and conflict are events that always come and go in human life. This study aims to describe the impact of divorce on children's psychological development. Using a literature review research approach, the author explains that divorce is not the end of the marital relationship, but parents who have divorced need to continue thinking about the future development and education of their children, as divorce not only affects their children but also impacts the spouses, with the greatest impact being on children's psychological development. The results of this study show that divorce has a negative impact on children's psychological development, as the overall psychological development of children whose parents are divorced is significantly disrupted. Furthermore, the negative impact of divorce includes a lack of love and attention from both parents. Family integrity is necessary to support children's psychological development and education. The lack of attention and affection towards children due to their parents' divorce creates feelings of anxiety, confusion, restlessness, shame, and sadness.
在一个家庭中,父母与子女之间的和谐关系至关重要,因为家庭内部的和谐会对子女的成长、发展和教育产生重大影响。然而,幸福、苦难、痛苦、欢乐、疾病、和谐和冲突是人类生活中总是来来去去的事件,这是人类固有的天性。本研究旨在描述离婚对儿童心理发展的影响。作者采用文献综述的研究方法,阐述了离婚并不是婚姻关系的终结,但离婚后的父母需要继续思考子女未来的发展和教育问题,因为离婚不仅会影响子女,也会影响夫妻双方,其中对子女心理发展的影响最大。本研究结果表明,离婚对儿童的心理发展有负面影响,因为父母离婚的儿童的整体心理发展会受到严重干扰。此外,离婚的负面影响还包括缺乏来自父母双方的爱和关注。家庭完整是支持儿童心理发展和教育的必要条件。由于父母离异,儿童缺乏关注和关爱,从而产生焦虑、困惑、不安、羞愧和悲伤的情绪。
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引用次数: 0
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AHKAM
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