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Pentingnya Keterampilan Berkomunikasi dalam Diplomasi dan Negosiasi 外交与谈判中沟通技巧的重要性
Pub Date : 2024-01-14 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i1.2544
Ribert Susanto
In the era of globalization, success in diplomacy and negotiation relies not only on technical skills but also significantly on communication skills. This research aims to review the role of communication skills in both contexts. The research methodology involves a literature review with a qualitative approach. Literature analysis includes reviewing various sources discussing communication skills in diplomacy and negotiation. The findings of this research indicate that effective communication plays a significant role in achieving success in diplomacy and negotiation, serving not only as a bargaining tool but also as an instrument to alleviate conflicts and ensure the adherence to ethical communication in achieving national interests.
在全球化时代,外交和谈判的成功不仅有赖于技术技能,而且在很大程度上也依赖于沟通技能。本研究旨在探讨沟通技巧在这两种情况下的作用。研究方法包括采用定性方法进行文献综述。文献分析包括审查讨论外交和谈判中沟通技能的各种资料。研究结果表明,有效的沟通在外交和谈判取得成功方面发挥着重要作用,它不仅是讨价还价的工具,也是缓解冲突和确保在实现国家利益的过程中遵守沟通道德的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Lahirnya Negara Islam Sekuler Turki dan Ide Pembaharuan Mustafa Kemal Attaturk 土耳其世俗伊斯兰国家的诞生与穆斯塔法-凯末尔-阿塔图尔克的改革理念
Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i1.2525
Nursalam Nursalam, A. Yunus, Susmihara Susmihara
This article discusses the History of the Islamic State of Turkey and the Reform Ideas of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The birth of a modern state is derived from modernity ideas. The interaction between nations contributes to the transmission of ideas about the modern state. Similarly, in Turkey, the idea of the modern state in Europe was transmitted through Mustafa Kemal. As a figure who underwent military education in France, specifically at Picardie Manuvers, he had the opportunity to absorb reform ideas, leading him to transform Turkey into a modern state. Mustafa Kemal saw that the Ottoman Turkish government was not an ideal type of modern governance. The Sultan had absolute power and was not constrained by laws. There was no parliament to control the Sultan's authority. Additionally, the Sultan was powerless against Western influence in bilateral relations, as the West gradually dominated the Ottoman Turkish territory. Subsequently, Mustafa Kemal established an anti-government movement through his organization, Vatan, and boldly resisted the West, successfully reclaiming Turkey's territory from the Allies. Mustafa became renowned among the people and was considered a hero, receiving support and sympathy from the Turkish population.
本文讨论土耳其伊斯兰国的历史和穆斯塔法-凯末尔-阿塔图尔克的改革思想。现代国家的诞生源于现代性思想。国家之间的互动促进了现代国家思想的传播。同样,在土耳其,欧洲的现代国家思想也是通过穆斯塔法-凯末尔传播的。作为一个在法国,特别是在皮卡迪军事演习中接受军事教育的人物,他有机会吸收改革思想,从而将土耳其转变为一个现代国家。穆斯塔法-凯末尔看到,奥斯曼土耳其政府并不是现代治理的理想类型。苏丹拥有绝对权力,不受法律约束。没有议会来控制苏丹的权力。此外,苏丹在双边关系中无力对抗西方的影响,因为西方逐渐控制了奥斯曼土耳其的领土。随后,穆斯塔法-凯末尔通过他的组织 "瓦坦"(Vatan)发起了一场反政府运动,勇敢地反抗西方,成功地从协约国手中夺回了土耳其的领土。穆斯塔法在民众中声名鹊起,被视为英雄,得到了土耳其民众的支持和同情。
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引用次数: 0
Sejarah Pembaharu Islam di Mesir: Jamaluddin Al-Afghani dan Muhammad Abduh 埃及伊斯兰改革者的历史:Jamaluddin Al-Afghani 和 Muhammad Abduh
Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i1.2505
M. Irfan, Abd. Rahim Yunus, Susmihara Susmihara
This article discusses two significant figures in the history of Egypt, namely Jamaluddin al-Afghani and Muhammad Abduh. Jamal a-Din al-Afghani and Muhammad ‘Abduh were two influential figures in the development of Islam in Egypt. Their thoughts were not only admired in Egypt but also by the Islamic generation in other countries. This research is a literature study with a historical approach. Research data were obtained from various books and articles. Based on the research results, it can be stated that Jamaludin Al-Afghani is one of the Islamic reformist figures with creative ideas to revive the spirit of the Islamic community. He is known as the initiator of the concept of Pan-Islamism. On the other hand, Muhammad Abduh is a rationalist thinker who had a significant impact on the history of Islamic thought. For Abduh, reason holds a high position in religion because through reason, humans can recognize God and understand what must be implemented.
本文讨论埃及历史上的两位重要人物,即贾迈勒丁-阿夫加尼和穆罕默德-阿布杜赫。Jamal a-Din al-Afghani 和 Muhammad 'Abduh 是埃及伊斯兰教发展史上两位具有影响力的人物。他们的思想不仅在埃及受到推崇,也受到其他国家伊斯兰一代的推崇。本研究是一项采用历史方法进行的文献研究。研究数据来自各种书籍和文章。根据研究结果,可以说贾马鲁丁-阿夫加尼是伊斯兰改革派人物之一,他具有振兴伊斯兰社会精神的创造性思想。他是众所周知的泛伊斯兰主义概念的提出者。另一方面,穆罕默德-阿卜杜是一位理性主义思想家,对伊斯兰思想史产生了重大影响。在阿卜杜勒看来,理性在宗教中占有崇高的地位,因为通过理性,人类可以认识真主并理解必须执行的事情。
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引用次数: 0
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Sosial Tiktok terhadap Pola Komunikasi Mahasiswa: Studi Kasus di Fakultas Dakwah dan Komunikasi Uin Sumatera Utara 使用 Tiktok 社交媒体对学生交流模式的影响:北苏门答腊大学达瓦与传播学院案例研究
Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i1.2504
Maulana Andinata Dalimunthe, Aqilah Anisah Parkha Siregar, Siti Annisa Marsanda
This research aims to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire used to measure the influence of the use of social media TikTok on student communication patterns at the Faculty of Da'wah and Communication, UIN North Sumatra. The validity test results show that the questionnaire can be considered valid for measuring the variables studied, while the reliability test results show that the questionnaire can be considered reliable because the respondents' answers are consistent from time to time. Furthermore, this research shows that the use of TikTok has a significant influence on students' communication patterns, especially in terms of duration of use, communication skills, and ability to build connections. Most students spend 1-3 hours a day using TikTok, and feel that using TikTok has quite an impact on their communication skills and helps in building connections. Therefore, this research provides a deeper understanding of the impact of TikTok use on students' communication patterns.
本研究旨在测试问卷的有效性和可靠性,该问卷用于测量社交媒体 TikTok 的使用对北苏门答腊大学达瓦与传播学院学生交流模式的影响。有效性测试结果表明,问卷在测量所研究的变量方面是有效的,而可靠性测试结果表明,问卷是可靠的,因为受访者的回答每次都是一致的。此外,本研究还表明,TikTok 的使用对学生的交流模式有重大影响,尤其是在使用时长、交流技巧和建立联系的能力方面。大多数学生每天使用 TikTok 的时间为 1-3 小时,他们认为使用 TikTok 对他们的沟通技巧有相当大的影响,并有助于建立联系。因此,本研究有助于深入了解 TikTok 的使用对学生沟通模式的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Pengaruh Media Sosial terhadap Perubahan Pola Komunikasi 社交媒体对不断变化的交流模式的影响
Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i1.2486
Maulana Andinata Dalimunthe, Rakhas Djuniardi, Dimas Siswanda
This research aims to find out how social media influences changes in communication patterns. Researchers used descriptive qualitative research methods. The results of this research are that social media has a significant impact on changes in communication patterns in modern society, especially in Indonesia. This phenomenon creates a new paradigm in communication, allowing individuals to engage in global conversations, share experiences, and convey ideas through various media such as images, sound, video, and text. The use of social media among students and students, particularly through platforms such as TikTok, has demonstrated changes in social interaction patterns. While providing a space for creative expression, the use of TikTok also shows potential protection, especially in academic contexts. This raises questions about academic integrity and the impact of the dominant entertainment orientation in social media use. In this context, multimedia visualization also has an important role in online communication. The use of visual elements such as graphics, animation and video can increase understanding, appeal and create an immersive experience. However, unwise use can interfere with understanding, reduce credibility, and increase production costs.
本研究旨在了解社交媒体如何影响沟通模式的变化。研究人员采用了描述性定性研究方法。研究结果表明,社交媒体对现代社会(尤其是印度尼西亚)交流模式的变化具有重大影响。这一现象创造了一种新的交流模式,使个人可以通过图像、声音、视频和文本等各种媒体参与全球对话、分享经验和传递思想。学生和学生之间对社交媒体的使用,尤其是通过 TikTok 等平台的使用,显示了社交互动模式的变化。在为创造性表达提供空间的同时,TikTok 的使用也显示出潜在的保护,尤其是在学术背景下。这就提出了有关学术诚信和社交媒体使用中主流娱乐导向的影响的问题。在这种情况下,多媒体可视化在在线交流中也发挥着重要作用。图形、动画和视频等视觉元素的使用可以增强理解力和吸引力,并创造身临其境的体验。但如果使用不当,则会影响理解、降低可信度并增加制作成本。
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引用次数: 0
Preservasi Sejarah: Eksplorasi Warisan Kesultanan Serdang di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai 历史保护:诗尔当勿加盖地区的诗尔当苏丹遗产探索
Pub Date : 2024-01-07 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i1.2479
Agung Prayogo, I. Harahap, Raihani Dewi Nasution, Raden Bagus Astaman
This paper aims to explore the heritage of the Serdang Sultanate in Serdang Bedagai Regency, there are Serdang Sultanate sites that still exist and are maintained as a preservation effort that is widely recognized and preserved. The type of research used is qualitative with a historical approach, primary data is collected through literature study, observation and documentation of existing historical sites, secondary data completes studies related to themes related to the title through published scientific writing sources; books, theses and journal articles as support for this research. The findings explain the importance of understanding and maintaining the history of the Serdang Sultanate as an integral part of cultural heritage. The construction of a replica of the Darul Arif Palace is concrete evidence of care and determination to maintain authenticity and revive the history of the Serdang Sultanate. The renovation of the Sulaimaniyah Mosque shows a commitment to maintaining the continuity of the main function of the mosque as a center of worship and a silent witness to the development of the Serdang Sultanate. The maintenance of the tombs of sultans reflects a deep appreciation for historical figures.
本论文旨在探讨位于斯尔当勿加盖郡的斯尔当苏丹国遗产,斯尔当苏丹国遗址仍然存在,并作为一种保护工作得到广泛认可和保护。采用的研究类型是历史方法定性研究,通过文献研究、对现有历史遗址的观察和记录收集第一手数据,通过已出版的科学著作来源(书籍、论文和期刊文章)作为本研究的支持,第二手数据完成与标题相关主题的研究。研究结果说明了了解和维护作为文化遗产组成部分的诗丹苏丹国历史的重要性。达鲁阿里夫王宫复制品的建造具体证明了对保持真实性和复兴诗尔当苏丹国历史的关注和决心。对苏莱曼尼亚清真寺的翻修表明,我们致力于保持清真寺作为礼拜中心的主要功能的连续性,并默默地见证着塞尔登苏丹国的发展。对苏丹陵墓的维护体现了对历史人物的深切缅怀。
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引用次数: 0
Ekonomi Politik dan Lingkungan Hidup 政治经济学与环境
Pub Date : 2024-01-07 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i1.2474
B. Putri, Lince Magriasti
The aim of writing this article is to look at Political Economy and the Environment. The environment is everything that exists around humans and is in a reciprocal relationship. The living environment is a system that is a spatial unity between living things and other abiotic components. The interaction between the natural environment and its surroundings forms an ecological system (ecosystem). The environment plays a role as a habitat for living creatures on earth. Environmental components consist of two types, namely: Biotic components, living creatures which include animals, plants and humans. Abiotic components are non-living objects, including water, soil, rocks, air and sunlight. The data collection technique for this research is a library research library study sourced from various reading literature and previous research articles on Political Economy and the Environment. . The expansion of oil palm plantations in forest areas also has an impact on changes in the ecological landscape and changes in land use, changes in land cover as well as several serious environmental problems such as depletion of soil nutrients and increased carbon emissions due to deforestation and emissions inherent in the processing of oil palm fruit.
撰写本文的目的是研究政治经济学与环境。环境是存在于人类周围的一切事物,它们之间存在着相互关系。生物环境是一个系统,是生物与其他非生物成分之间的空间统一体。自然环境与其周围环境之间的相互作用形成了一个生态系统(ecosystem)。环境是地球上生物的栖息地。环境成分包括两类,即生物成分,即生物,包括动物、植物和人类。非生物成分是指非生物体,包括水、土壤、岩石、空气和阳光。本研究的数据收集技术是图书馆研究,数据来源于各种阅读文献和以往关于政治经济学与环境的研究文章。.在森林地区扩大油棕种植园也会影响生态景观的变化和土地利用的变化、土地植被的变化以及一些严重的环境问题,如土壤养分的耗竭、因砍伐森林而增加的碳排放以及油棕果加工过程中固有的排放。
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引用次数: 0
Relevansi Prinsip-prinsip Hukum Ekonomi Syariah dalam Membangun Keadilan Sosial melalui Distribusi Ekonomi yang Adil 伊斯兰教法经济法原则在通过公平经济分配建立社会正义中的相关性
Pub Date : 2024-01-07 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i1.2478
Budi Sulistiyo, F. Rasyid, Chaerul Saleh
This study aims to investigate the relevance of the principles of Islamic economic law in shaping social justice through equitable economic distribution. In the midst of global economic change, reducing economic inequality and social injustice is very important. Islamic economic law, as a framework rooted in Islamic values, offers a unique view of economic distribution that focuses on the principle of justice. By conducting an in-depth literature review and analysis, this study explores the concept of Islamic economic law, the principles contained in it, and its relevance to the goal of achieving social justice. We identify the important role of zakat, infaq, and waqf in creating equitable distribution and fueling inclusive economic growth. The results of this study show that the principles of Islamic economic law have great potential to influence economic and social policies in Islamic societies, ultimately encouraging the creation of a more just and inclusive economic environment. However, we also identified some obstacles to the implementation of these principles. This research makes an important contribution to our understanding of how the principles of Islamic economic law can be applied in the current context to promote social justice as well as more equitable economic distribution. The policy recommendations that emerge from the results of this study can guide decision-makers in their efforts to achieve social justice in Islamic societies.
本研究旨在探讨伊斯兰经济法原则在通过公平经济分配塑造社会正义方面的相关性。在全球经济变革中,减少经济不平等和社会不公正非常重要。伊斯兰经济法作为一个植根于伊斯兰价值观的框架,为经济分配提供了一个独特的视角,其重点是正义原则。通过深入的文献回顾和分析,本研究探讨了伊斯兰经济法的概念、所包含的原则及其与实现社会公正目标的相关性。我们确定了天课、ifaq 和 waqf 在创造公平分配和促进包容性经济增长方面的重要作用。这项研究的结果表明,伊斯兰经济法的原则在影响伊斯兰社会的经济和社会政策方面具有巨大潜力,最终将鼓励创造一个更加公正和包容的经济环境。然而,我们也发现了一些阻碍这些原则实施的障碍。这项研究为我们了解如何在当前情况下应用伊斯兰经济法原则来促进社会公正以及更公平的经济分配做出了重要贡献。从本研究成果中得出的政策建议可以指导决策者努力实现伊斯兰社会的社会公正。
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引用次数: 0
Identifikasi Fragmen Nisan Situs Kajang Batu di Museum Daerah Deli Serdang 德利士丹地区博物馆对加影峇都墓石碎片的鉴定
Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i1.2468
Aldita Ifani, Jufri Naldo, Nasihudin Ali
This research aims to determine the shape and typology of the tombstones in the Kajang Batu cemetery. The method applied in this research is a qualitative method which is subjective by making direct observations of the objects studied. The Kajang Batu tombstone fragment is estimated to be 700 years old. The Kajang Batu tombstone fragment is an Acehnese type tombstone with a flat typology and does not contain many complicated motifs. In this case, many people must be involved so that these archaeological objects are maintained and preserved, one of which is the museum. Museums are a very suitable alternative for preserving cultural objects. Therefore, a museum's management of its collections can be a means for the public to obtain historical information in a unique and innovative way.
本研究旨在确定加影峇都墓地墓碑的形状和类型。本研究采用的方法是定性方法,即通过对研究对象进行直接观察的主观方法。据估计,加影峇都墓碑碎片已有 700 年的历史。Kajang Batu 墓碑残片是亚齐类型的墓碑,类型扁平,没有太多复杂的图案。在这种情况下,必须有许多人参与进来,才能维护和保存这些考古物品,博物馆就是其中之一。博物馆是保存文物的一个非常合适的选择。因此,博物馆对其藏品的管理可以成为公众以独特和创新的方式获取历史信息的一种 手段。
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引用次数: 0
Ekspansi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Politik Ekologi 油棕种植园扩张 生态政治
Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.58578/ahkam.v3i1.2469
Tomi Satria Maggara, Lince Magriasti
The aim of writing this article is to look at the Expansion of Palm Oil Plantations, Ecological Politics. As a consequence of the large-scale expansion of oil palm plantations, the community is also caught up in the euphoria of oil palm plantation expansion. This research found a form of silent expansion carried out by independent farmers/plantations. Silent expansion is a strategy to expand oil palm plantations which is carried out secretly, illegally (behind the state's backstage), small-fragmented areas, and carried out by farmers/plantations who have relationships with actors such as the middle man and the big man. The data collection technique for this research is a library research library study sourced from various reading literature and previous research articles regarding political ecology. The expansion of oil palm plantations in forest areas also has an impact on changes in the ecological landscape and changes in land use, changes in land cover as well as several serious environmental problems such as depletion of soil nutrients and increased carbon emissions due to deforestation and emissions inherent in the processing of oil palm fruit.
撰写本文的目的是探讨棕榈油种植园的扩张、生态政治。由于油棕种植园的大规模扩张,社区也陷入了油棕种植园扩张的兴奋之中。本研究发现了一种由独立农民/种植园进行的无声扩张。无声扩张是一种秘密、非法(在国家后台)、小规模、由与中间人和大人物等参与者有关系的农民/种植园进行的油棕种植园扩张战略。本研究的数据收集技术是图书馆研究法,来源于各种阅读文献和以往有关政治生态学的研究文章。在森林地区扩大油棕种植园也会对生态景观的变化、土地使用的变化、土地覆盖的变化以及一些严重的环境问题产生影响,如土壤养分的消耗、因砍伐森林而增加的碳排放以及油棕果加工过程中固有的排放。
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引用次数: 0
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