Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.61
Enas Jalil Baqer AL-Mayali, S. Al-Muhanna, Israa Abdul Ameer Al-Kraety
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a "rapidly evolving pathogen of concern" that is increasingly being identified. The World Health Organization also recognizes it as one of the hospitals' most significant multi-drugresistant pathogens. Also, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes most healthcare-associated infections, and it is considered a paradigm of antibiotic resistance development. In many hospitals across the globe, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a significant source of infection. The present study aimed to study the isolation and diagnosis of S. maltophilia and P. aeruginosa from different clinical samples, evaluate the occurrence of carbapenem resistance of P. aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples, and investigate the dissemination of the bla-AIM genes between these isolates. Eight hundred fifty specimens were collected from various clinical samples between 2022 and 2023. The specimens included 220 swabs (burn), 200 (urine), 140 (stool), and 130(wound). 90 (ear),50 (throat), 10 (Cerebrospinal fluid), and 10 (blood). Represented by 680 specimens contained bacterial growth, and 170 specimens had no bacterial growth. Out of the 680 bacterial growth isolates, 410 revealed growths of Gram-negative bacteria, and 270 were Gram-positive bacteria. On MacConkey ag, ar 180/410 bacteria were lactose ferment; other isolates, es 230/410 of the isolates were lactose non-fermented bacteria. In a cross-sectional manner, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during this period were isolated and identified depending on the primary methods of diagnosis, then the use of the VITEK-2 compact system. The results showed 42 isolates of S. maltophilia and 80 isolates of P. aeruginosa from total Gram-negative bacteria. The results show that only five isolates contained the AIM gene, with a percentage of (10.4 %) of the 48 Carbapenem Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, five isolates from 42 S. maltophilia contain the AIM gene with a percentage (11.9%), based on the Polymerase chain reactions assay. Keywords: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Carbapenem Resistance, Pseudomonas aerginosa.
{"title":"Detection of bla-AIM Metallo Beta Lactamase Gene among Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia and Carbapenem Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Various Infections in AL- Najaf Province","authors":"Enas Jalil Baqer AL-Mayali, S. Al-Muhanna, Israa Abdul Ameer Al-Kraety","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.61","url":null,"abstract":"Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a \"rapidly evolving pathogen of concern\" that is increasingly being identified. The World Health Organization also recognizes it as one of the hospitals' most significant multi-drugresistant pathogens. Also, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes most\u0000healthcare-associated infections, and it is considered a paradigm of antibiotic resistance development. In many\u0000hospitals across the globe, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a significant source\u0000of infection. The present study aimed to study the isolation and diagnosis of S. maltophilia and P. aeruginosa\u0000from different clinical samples, evaluate the occurrence of carbapenem resistance of P. aeruginosa isolated\u0000from clinical samples, and investigate the dissemination of the bla-AIM genes between these isolates. Eight\u0000hundred fifty specimens were collected from various clinical samples between 2022 and 2023. The specimens\u0000included 220 swabs (burn), 200 (urine), 140 (stool), and 130(wound). 90 (ear),50 (throat), 10 (Cerebrospinal\u0000fluid), and 10 (blood). Represented by 680 specimens contained bacterial growth, and 170 specimens had no\u0000bacterial growth. Out of the 680 bacterial growth isolates, 410 revealed growths of Gram-negative bacteria,\u0000and 270 were Gram-positive bacteria. On MacConkey ag, ar 180/410 bacteria were lactose ferment; other\u0000isolates, es 230/410 of the isolates were lactose non-fermented bacteria. In a cross-sectional manner, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during this period were isolated and identified\u0000depending on the primary methods of diagnosis, then the use of the VITEK-2 compact system. The results\u0000showed 42 isolates of S. maltophilia and 80 isolates of P. aeruginosa from total Gram-negative bacteria. The\u0000results show that only five isolates contained the AIM gene, with a percentage of (10.4 %) of the 48 Carbapenem Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, five isolates from 42 S. maltophilia contain the AIM\u0000gene with a percentage (11.9%), based on the Polymerase chain reactions assay.\u0000Keywords: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Carbapenem Resistance, Pseudomonas aerginosa.","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"3 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.45
Nasreen Jalal Hussein, A. A. Saadullah
Trichothecene T2 is a mycotoxin from the Fusarium species. This research aims to test the effect of the Trichothecene T2 toxin on mitotic index% (M.I.%) and induction of mitotic aberrations by using the Allium sativum (garlic) test system. The toxin concentrations in ppm were 0.00, 0.30, 0.60, 0.90, and 1.20 for 12 hours. The garlic roots were then cut, and mitotic slides were prepared using squash and examined under a light microscope. The results revealed that the mycotoxin has a significant mitodepressive effect at all concentrations compared to the control, and the MI% reduction was proportional to increasing toxin concentration. The highest reduction in mitotic index was observed in the 1.2 ppm treatment. Moreover, this mycotoxin induced and increased the rate of mitotic abnormalities% (MA%) with increasing the mycotoxin concentration. The observed mitotic abnormalities were star-shaped anaphase, sticky metaphase, C-mitosis, sticky anaphase, depolarization, micronuclei, laggard chromosomes, anaphase bridges, and chromosome loss. The least frequently observed abnormality was micronuclei compared to the most frequent aberration, laggard chromosomes. The total mitotic abnormalities significantly increased with increasing the toxin dose concentration. These results suggest that this mycotoxin can inhibit the mitotic activity of the meristematic cells; it is mutagenic and can disrupt the spindle fibers' activity of the dividing cells at all concentrations, especially at higher doses in food. Therefore, the foods must be tested for fungi producing this mycotoxin. Keywords: Mycotoxin; mitodepressive; root tip; spindle fibers; mutagenic
{"title":"Cytogenotoxic effect of trichothecene T2 toxin on Allium sativum root tip meristematic cells","authors":"Nasreen Jalal Hussein, A. A. Saadullah","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.45","url":null,"abstract":"Trichothecene T2 is a mycotoxin from the Fusarium species. This research aims to test the effect of the\u0000Trichothecene T2 toxin on mitotic index% (M.I.%) and induction of mitotic aberrations by using the Allium\u0000sativum (garlic) test system. The toxin concentrations in ppm were 0.00, 0.30, 0.60, 0.90, and 1.20 for 12\u0000hours. The garlic roots were then cut, and mitotic slides were prepared using squash and examined under a\u0000light microscope. The results revealed that the mycotoxin has a significant mitodepressive effect at all concentrations compared to the control, and the MI% reduction was proportional to increasing toxin concentration. The highest reduction in mitotic index was observed in the 1.2 ppm treatment.\u0000Moreover, this mycotoxin induced and increased the rate of mitotic abnormalities% (MA%) with increasing\u0000the mycotoxin concentration. The observed mitotic abnormalities were star-shaped anaphase, sticky metaphase, C-mitosis, sticky anaphase, depolarization, micronuclei, laggard chromosomes, anaphase bridges, and\u0000chromosome loss. The least frequently observed abnormality was micronuclei compared to the most frequent\u0000aberration, laggard chromosomes. The total mitotic abnormalities significantly increased with increasing the\u0000toxin dose concentration. These results suggest that this mycotoxin can inhibit the mitotic activity of the meristematic cells; it is mutagenic and can disrupt the spindle fibers' activity of the dividing cells at all concentrations, especially at higher doses in food. Therefore, the foods must be tested for fungi producing this mycotoxin.\u0000Keywords: Mycotoxin; mitodepressive; root tip; spindle fibers; mutagenic","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.19
Cristian Cumbicus, Mayra Hurtado, Julio Coello, Pedro Peñafiel-Arcos, J. Orejuela-Romero, Marcos Barahona
The inadequate management of leachate produced in landfill sites, sanitary dumps, or its incomplete treatment generates significant environmental and public health impacts. These conditions are expected in developing countries and are a major concern, especially in sensitive areas like the Amazon. This study investigated the efficiency of electrocoagulation for removing BOD5, COD, TSS, turbidity, and color using a laboratory-scale reactor. Samples of raw leachate from the controlled landfill site in Francisco de Orellana canton, located in the Ecuadorian Amazon, were used. First, the initial conditions of the leachate were determined through a physicochemical characterization, where a reduced presence of heavy metals and high biodegradability were identified, suggesting that it is old leachate. In turn, a reactor with 5 electrodes was installed, where aluminum was used as a cathode and iron as an anode. Finally, electrocoagulation was employed with various operational combinations, where a run using 2.5 V and 20 minutes showed the highest removal efficiency on average, with reductions of 85.23% of BOD5, 98.20% of COD, 11.30% of TSS, 96.52% of turbidity, and 90.73% of color. Keywords: Electrocoagulation; Leachate; Leachate treatment.
垃圾填埋场和卫生垃圾场产生的沥滤液管理不善或处理不当，会对环境和公共卫生造成严重影响。这些情况在发展中国家都会出现，尤其是在亚马逊河流域等敏感地区，更是令人担忧的主要问题。本研究使用实验室规模的反应器调查了电凝法去除 BOD5、COD、TSS、浊度和颜色的效率。研究使用了来自厄瓜多尔亚马逊地区 Francisco de Orellana 县受控垃圾填埋场的原始沥滤液样本。首先，通过理化特性分析确定了沥滤液的初始条件，发现其中重金属含量较低，生物降解性较高，表明这是一种陈年沥滤液。然后，安装了一个带有 5 个电极的反应器，其中铝用作阴极，铁用作阳极。最后，采用不同的操作组合进行电凝，其中使用 2.5 V 和 20 分钟的运行显示平均去除效率最高，BOD5 降低 85.23%，COD 降低 98.20%，TSS 降低 11.30%，浊度降低 96.52%，色度降低 90.73%。 关键词电凝；渗滤液；渗滤液处理。
{"title":"Determination of the effectiveness of the electrocoagulation process in the treatment of leachate from the controlled landfill site in Francisco de Orellana canton","authors":"Cristian Cumbicus, Mayra Hurtado, Julio Coello, Pedro Peñafiel-Arcos, J. Orejuela-Romero, Marcos Barahona","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.19","url":null,"abstract":"The inadequate management of leachate produced in landfill sites, sanitary dumps, or its incomplete treatment generates significant environmental and public health impacts. These conditions are expected in developing countries and are a major concern, especially in sensitive areas like the Amazon. This study investigated the efficiency of electrocoagulation for removing BOD5, COD, TSS, turbidity, and color using a laboratory-scale reactor. Samples of raw leachate from the controlled landfill site in Francisco de Orellana canton, located in the Ecuadorian Amazon, were used. First, the initial conditions of the leachate were determined through a physicochemical characterization, where a reduced presence of heavy metals and high biodegradability were identified, suggesting that it is old leachate. In turn, a reactor with 5 electrodes was installed, where aluminum was used as a cathode and iron as an anode. Finally, electrocoagulation was employed with various operational combinations, where a run using 2.5 V and 20 minutes showed the highest removal efficiency on average, with reductions of 85.23% of BOD5, 98.20% of COD, 11.30% of TSS, 96.52% of turbidity, and 90.73% of color. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Electrocoagulation; Leachate; Leachate treatment.","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.10
J. Villares, Mariela Cobos, L. Vásquez, R. Sarmiento, Fanny Maita, C. Freire, Lascano Alexis, Jermis Alvarado
En la Amazonía ecuatoriana los frutales son parte de la biodiversidad de la chakra y los cítricos es uno de los grupos relevantes dado que tienen un sin número de usos y cuyos excedentes son usados para la comercia-lización en las ferias locales, por lo que está investigación busca evaluar naranjas en tres estados de madurez mediante análisis físicos para la determinación del tiempo de cosecha. Se evaluaron los parámetros de calidad de la naranja (Citrus × síntesis), en tres estados de madurez (inicial-medio-completo), se determinó: peso, morfometría, color, firmeza y sólidos solubles. Las frutas se obtuvieron en el cantón Joya de los Sachas, se recolectaron frutas libres de defectos considerables. Como resultado se obtuvo que la naranja pierde peso a medida que transcurren los días. El diámetro se reduce desde el día 1 al 10 y a partir del día 7 la pérdida de longitud es igual en los tres estados de madurez. La luminosidad es el valor del color que sufre mayores cambios a lo largo del almacenamiento de la fruta. La firmeza disminuye más a partir del día 7. A medida que el estado de madurez avanza mayor será la cantidad de sólidos solubles. El estado de madurez perfecto es el medio, ya que ofrece un equilibrio entre alto contenido de azúcar y un peso y tamaño adecuados, beneficiando tanto al agricultor como al cliente debido a su dulzura. Palabras clave: cítricos, Amazonía, Ecuador, calidad, frutas, postcosecha
在厄瓜多尔的亚马逊河流域，果树是生物多样性的一部分，柑橘是其中的一个相关类群，因为它们有多种用途，其剩余部分在当地集市上用于贸易，因此本研究旨在通过物理分析评估三个成熟阶段的橘子，以确定收获时间。对柑橘（Citrus × synthesis）三个成熟阶段（初期-中期-完全成熟）的质量参数进行了评估，确定了重量、形态、颜色、硬度和可溶性固形物。果实产自 Joya de los Sachas 县，采收时无明显缺陷。结果发现，随着时间的推移，橙子的重量会减轻。从第 1 天到第 10 天，橙子的直径会减小，而从第 7 天开始，三个成熟阶段的橙子长度损失相同。亮度是水果储存期间变化最大的色值。从第 7 天开始，坚硬度下降较多。随着成熟阶段的推进，可溶性固形物的含量会越高。最完美的成熟阶段是中熟阶段，因为它在高含糖量和足够的重量和大小之间取得了平衡，由于其甜度，种植者和消费者都能从中受益。关键词：柑橘、亚马逊、厄瓜多尔、质量、水果、收获后、收获后
{"title":"Evaluación de parámetros de calidad de naranja (Citrus × sinensis) en tres estados de madurez","authors":"J. Villares, Mariela Cobos, L. Vásquez, R. Sarmiento, Fanny Maita, C. Freire, Lascano Alexis, Jermis Alvarado","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.10","url":null,"abstract":"En la Amazonía ecuatoriana los frutales son parte de la biodiversidad de la chakra y los cítricos es uno de los grupos relevantes dado que tienen un sin número de usos y cuyos excedentes son usados para la comercia-lización en las ferias locales, por lo que está investigación busca evaluar naranjas en tres estados de madurez mediante análisis físicos para la determinación del tiempo de cosecha. Se evaluaron los parámetros de calidad de la naranja (Citrus × síntesis), en tres estados de madurez (inicial-medio-completo), se determinó: peso, morfometría, color, firmeza y sólidos solubles. Las frutas se obtuvieron en el cantón Joya de los Sachas, se recolectaron frutas libres de defectos considerables. Como resultado se obtuvo que la naranja pierde peso a medida que transcurren los días. El diámetro se reduce desde el día 1 al 10 y a partir del día 7 la pérdida de longitud es igual en los tres estados de madurez. La luminosidad es el valor del color que sufre mayores cambios a lo largo del almacenamiento de la fruta. La firmeza disminuye más a partir del día 7. A medida que el estado de madurez avanza mayor será la cantidad de sólidos solubles. El estado de madurez perfecto es el medio, ya que ofrece un equilibrio entre alto contenido de azúcar y un peso y tamaño adecuados, beneficiando tanto al agricultor como al cliente debido a su dulzura.\u0000 \u0000Palabras clave: cítricos, Amazonía, Ecuador, calidad, frutas, postcosecha","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.9
Madison Chango, Gabriela Rosero, Norma Erazo, Pablo Álvarez
The nematode attacks affect several plant species of Ecuadorian crops. There are fungi and plants with nematicide ability that have agricultural interest. This study assessed the effect of five concentrations of aqueous extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus and Tagetes minuta on the mortality of Meloidogyne spp. and Panagrellus redivivus nematodes in a laboratory setting. The aqueous extracts were obtained through hydro distillation where concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 5%, 25%, 50% and 100% were prepared. A wholly randomized single-factor design was used for the P. ostreatus extract and a bifactorial for the T. minuta extract (leaves and flowers). The number of dead individuals was evaluated, and the efficacy and LC50 were determined. T. minuta leaf extract showcased higher nematicide activity against P. redivivus with an LC50 of 8.03 ppm; when applied to Meloidogyne sp., the extract showed nematicide activity with an LC50 of 0.01 ppm. For P. ostreatus extract, the greatest nematicide activity against P. redivivus was an LC50 of 1.22 ppm and nematicide activity against Meloidogyne sp., was an LC50 of 0.01 ppm. The aqueous extract of T. minuta flowers showed low nematicide activity and the aqueous extract of T. minuta leaf showed the best nematicide activity. Keywords: nematicide; Tagetes minuta; Pleurotus ostreatus; Panagrellus redivivus; Meloidogyne sp.
线虫的侵袭影响到厄瓜多尔农作物的多个植物品种。一些具有杀线虫能力的真菌和植物对农业很有意义。本研究在实验室环境中评估了 Pleurotus ostreatus 和 Tagetes minuta 的五种浓度的水提取物对 Meloidogyne spp.和 Panagrellus redivivus 线虫死亡率的影响。水提取物通过水蒸馏获得，浓度分别为 0%、0.5%、5%、25%、50% 和 100%。对 P. ostreatus 提取物采用了完全随机的单因素设计，对 T. minuta 提取物（叶和花）采用了双因素设计。评估了死亡个体的数量，并确定了药效和半致死浓度。T. minuta 叶提取物对 P. redivivus 具有较高的杀线虫活性，半数致死浓度为 8.03 ppm；对 Meloidogyne sp.施用时，提取物具有杀线虫活性，半数致死浓度为 0.01 ppm。P. ostreatus 提取物对 P. redivivus 的最大杀线虫活性为 LC50 1.22 ppm，对 Meloidogyne sp.的杀线虫活性为 LC50 0.01 ppm。T. minuta花的水提取物的杀线虫活性较低，而 T. minuta叶的水提取物的杀线虫活性最好。关键词：杀线虫剂；Tagetes minuta；Pleurotus ostreatus；Panagrellus redivivus；Meloidogyne sp.
{"title":"Effect of Five Concentrations of Aqueous Extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus P. Kumm and Tagetes minuta L. on the Mortality of Two Nematodes in a Laboratory Setting","authors":"Madison Chango, Gabriela Rosero, Norma Erazo, Pablo Álvarez","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.9","url":null,"abstract":"The nematode attacks affect several plant species of Ecuadorian crops. There are fungi and plants with nematicide ability that have agricultural interest. This study assessed the effect of five concentrations of aqueous extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus and Tagetes minuta on the mortality of Meloidogyne spp. and Panagrellus redivivus nematodes in a laboratory setting. The aqueous extracts were obtained through hydro distillation where concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 5%, 25%, 50% and 100% were prepared. A wholly randomized single-factor design was used for the P. ostreatus extract and a bifactorial for the T. minuta extract (leaves and flowers). The number of dead individuals was evaluated, and the efficacy and LC50 were determined. T. minuta leaf extract showcased higher nematicide activity against P. redivivus with an LC50 of 8.03 ppm; when applied to Meloidogyne sp., the extract showed nematicide activity with an LC50 of 0.01 ppm. For P. ostreatus extract, the greatest nematicide activity against P. redivivus was an LC50 of 1.22 ppm and nematicide activity against Meloidogyne sp., was an LC50 of 0.01 ppm. The aqueous extract of T. minuta flowers showed low nematicide activity and the aqueous extract of T. minuta leaf showed the best nematicide activity.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: nematicide; Tagetes minuta; Pleurotus ostreatus; Panagrellus redivivus; Meloidogyne sp.","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.4
Yadira Vargas, Jimmy Pico, Neiver Manobanda, Angel Garcia, Jessica Sanmiguel
Yellow pitahaya in the Ecuadorian Amazon has become one of the most important economic crops in the region. However, the presence of pests (nematodes) in the soil has caused up to 100% of the crop's growth stages to be affected. Faced with this problem, growers use various chemical nematicides that minimize this impact but cause contamination problems. For this reason, the objective of the research was to evaluate microorganisms that control or reduce the population of Meloidogyne incognita in the pitahaya crop at the greenhouse level. The design was DBCA, and the statistical analysis was performed with the statistical package Infostat 2017, using linear mixed models and Fisher's tests at 5%. The results show that root nodules decrease when P. lilacinum + T. asperellum is applied after nematode injection (261). In addition, the lowest number of nodulations (251) was obtained when microorganisms were applied after nematode inoculation (251 nodulations). Still, when microorganisms were used before, aerial biomass growth was stimulated (384.17 g) even when nematodes were present in the root system. Keywords: microorganisms; nematodes; pitahaya.
厄瓜多尔亚马逊地区的黄皮塔亚树已成为该地区最重要的经济作物之一。然而，土壤中害虫（线虫）的存在导致该作物生长阶段受影响的比例高达 100%。面对这一问题，种植者使用各种化学杀线虫剂，虽然能将影响降到最低，但也造成了污染问题。因此，这项研究的目的是评估能在温室中控制或减少番木瓜中褐飞虱数量的微生物。研究设计为 DBCA，统计分析采用 Infostat 2017 统计软件包，使用线性混合模型和 5%费雪检验。结果表明，在注射线虫后施用 P. lilacinum + T. asperellum 时，根瘤会减少（261）。此外，在线虫接种后施用微生物（251 个结核），获得的结核数量最少（251 个）。不过，在使用微生物之前，即使根系中存在线虫，也能刺激气生生物量的增长（384.17 克）。关键词：微生物；线虫；番荔枝。
{"title":"Biological nematicides as an alternative for control of Meloidogyne incognita populations in yellow pitahaya (Sselenicereus megalanthus).","authors":"Yadira Vargas, Jimmy Pico, Neiver Manobanda, Angel Garcia, Jessica Sanmiguel","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.4","url":null,"abstract":"Yellow pitahaya in the Ecuadorian Amazon has become one of the most important economic crops in the region. However, the presence of pests (nematodes) in the soil has caused up to 100% of the crop's growth stages to be affected. Faced with this problem, growers use various chemical nematicides that minimize this impact but cause contamination problems. For this reason, the objective of the research was to evaluate microorganisms that control or reduce the population of Meloidogyne incognita in the pitahaya crop at the greenhouse level. The design was DBCA, and the statistical analysis was performed with the statistical package Infostat 2017, using linear mixed models and Fisher's tests at 5%. The results show that root nodules decrease when P. lilacinum + T. asperellum is applied after nematode injection (261). In addition, the lowest number of nodulations (251) was obtained when microorganisms were applied after nematode inoculation (251 nodulations). Still, when microorganisms were used before, aerial biomass growth was stimulated (384.17 g) even when nematodes were present in the root system.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: microorganisms; nematodes; pitahaya.","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"3 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son la principal causa de muerte prevenible a nivel mundial y nacional. Frente a esta problemática, las estrategias educativas son esenciales en la prevención y manejo de las ECV. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar una estrategia de intervención educativa para abordar el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) en pacientes con hipertensión arterial (HTA). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental, en el que se determinó el RCV y hábitos de vida a través de la Escala Globorisk y FANTASTIC, respectivamente, previo a la intervención educativa y posterior a ésta, en una población de 97 pacientes de 40 a 79 años de edad con HTA primaria en el periodo de marzo a agosto del 2021. La intervención consistió en estrategias educativas para promover hábitos de vida saludables, y la prescripción de un plan de alimentación individualizado de acuerdo a las necesidades de los participantes. Resultados: Posterior a la intervención se obtuvo un control de la tensión arterial en el 28.86% de la población de estudio, el índice de masa corporal disminuyo en el 3.1%, el RCV disminuyó en un 11.34%, y los estilos de vida saludables mejoraron en un 9.15% (p=0.000) en todas las variables. Conclusiones: En los pacientes con HTA, las intervenciones educativas para promover estilos de vida saludables, mejoran los factores de RCV. Keywords: Hipertensión arterial; Riesgo cardiovascular; Estilos de vida saludables, Atención primaria en salud.
{"title":"Estrategia de intervención educativa para el abordaje del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con hipertensión arterial","authors":"Karen Rojas-Montenegro, Gustavo Cisneros-Cañas, Rosario Suárez de Terán, Ruben Cajilima-Vega, Cecilia Arteaga-Pazmiño, Evelyn Frías-Toral","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.68","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son la principal causa de muerte prevenible a nivel mundial y nacional. Frente a esta problemática, las estrategias educativas son esenciales en la prevención y manejo de las ECV. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar una estrategia de intervención educativa para abordar el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) en pacientes con hipertensión arterial (HTA). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental, en el que se determinó el RCV y hábitos de vida a través de la Escala Globorisk y FANTASTIC, respectivamente, previo a la intervención educativa y posterior a ésta, en una población de 97 pacientes de 40 a 79 años de edad con HTA primaria en el periodo de marzo a agosto del 2021. La intervención consistió en estrategias educativas para promover hábitos de vida saludables, y la prescripción de un plan de alimentación individualizado de acuerdo a las necesidades de los participantes. Resultados: Posterior a la intervención se obtuvo un control de la tensión arterial en el 28.86% de la población de estudio, el índice de masa corporal disminuyo en el 3.1%, el RCV disminuyó en un 11.34%, y los estilos de vida saludables mejoraron en un 9.15% (p=0.000) en todas las variables. Conclusiones: En los pacientes con HTA, las intervenciones educativas para promover estilos de vida saludables, mejoran los factores de RCV.\u0000Keywords: Hipertensión arterial; Riesgo cardiovascular; Estilos de vida saludables, Atención primaria en salud.","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"23 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.59
Fabián M. Gaibor, Daliannis Rodríguez, Mario A. García, Alicia Casariego
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of a powder colorant obtained from a hydroalcoholic extract of jambolan (Syzygium cumini) on the chemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of heat-treated flavored fermented milk. The extraction of anthocyanins from the pulp was carried out by maceration with 90% (v/v) ethanol acidified with citric acid. This extract was concentrated (14 to 15% w/v of total solids). Maltodextrin DE 12 was added to obtain 25% (w/v) total solids. Guar gum (0.06% w/w) was added as a stabilizer to whole milk reconstituted with sterilized distilled water (11% w/v total solids). The colorant powder was homogenized at a rate of 1.5 and 2 g per 100 mL of powdered whole milk dissolved in the corresponding amount of water, and sucrose and concentrated strawberry flavoring were added. The natural colorant addition allowed us to obtain a product with pH (4.23-4.75), titratable acidity (1.28-1.47% w/w lactic acid), and color stability, similar to those of yogurt with synthetic colorants. No microbial growth or color changes were detected. The judges did not notice any strange odor, taste, or color. Natural colorants can be a beneficial option for developing healthy and sustainable foods. Keywords: Syzygium cumini; anthocyanins; spray-dried; natural colorant; heat-treated fermented milk.
{"title":"Influence of a natural colorant powder from Syzygium Cumini L. (Skeels) on sensory and physicochemical properties during storage of a heat-treated flavored fermented milk","authors":"Fabián M. Gaibor, Daliannis Rodríguez, Mario A. García, Alicia Casariego","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.59","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the influence of a powder colorant obtained from a hydroalcoholic extract of\u0000jambolan (Syzygium cumini) on the chemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of heat-treated flavored fermented milk. The extraction of anthocyanins from the pulp was carried out by maceration with 90%\u0000(v/v) ethanol acidified with citric acid. This extract was concentrated (14 to 15% w/v of total solids). Maltodextrin DE 12 was added to obtain 25% (w/v) total solids. Guar gum (0.06% w/w) was added as a stabilizer\u0000to whole milk reconstituted with sterilized distilled water (11% w/v total solids). The colorant powder was\u0000homogenized at a rate of 1.5 and 2 g per 100 mL of powdered whole milk dissolved in the corresponding\u0000amount of water, and sucrose and concentrated strawberry flavoring were added. The natural colorant addition\u0000allowed us to obtain a product with pH (4.23-4.75), titratable acidity (1.28-1.47% w/w lactic acid), and color\u0000stability, similar to those of yogurt with synthetic colorants. No microbial growth or color changes were detected. The judges did not notice any strange odor, taste, or color. Natural colorants can be a beneficial option\u0000for developing healthy and sustainable foods.\u0000Keywords: Syzygium cumini; anthocyanins; spray-dried; natural colorant; heat-treated fermented milk.","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.42
Daniel Cabrera-Valle, Henry Pérez
This work presents the design of an agitation system for a 1m3 capacity bioreactor intended to produce glyceric acid (GA) through microbial fermentation of A. tropicalis using 20% v/v glycerol as the primary substrate. Building on previous studies that evaluated ideal conditions for glyceric acid production, initial data were utilized to identify the impeller type and perform subsequent calculations, including impeller Reynolds number, power consumption, and mixing time. Once the agitator type was specified, standard geometric relationships were employed to size components of the agitation system, such as tank size, baffle plates, and agitator dimensions. Power consumption calculations were compared with results from other studies on fermentation media with similar rheological characteristics. The agitator's power consumption for mixing 1m3 of medium was determined to be 8.35 kW, achieving 95% homogenization in 5.14 seconds, with a mixing time error of approximately 10%, operating at an agitation speed of 500 rpm. Keywords: agitation system; glyceryc acid; bioreactor
{"title":"Diseño de un sistema de agitación para un biorreactor de 1m3 de capacidad para la producción de ácido glicérico a partir de glicerol por fermentación microbiana de Acetobacter tropicalis","authors":"Daniel Cabrera-Valle, Henry Pérez","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.42","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the design of an agitation system for a 1m3 capacity bioreactor intended to produce glyceric acid (GA) through microbial fermentation of A. tropicalis using 20% v/v glycerol as the primary substrate. Building on previous studies that evaluated ideal conditions for glyceric acid production, initial data were utilized to identify the impeller type and perform subsequent calculations, including impeller Reynolds number, power consumption, and mixing time. Once the agitator type was specified, standard geometric relationships were employed to size components of the agitation system, such as tank size, baffle plates, and agitator dimensions. Power consumption calculations were compared with results from other studies on fermentation media with similar rheological characteristics. The agitator's power consumption for mixing 1m3 of medium was determined to be 8.35 kW, achieving 95% homogenization in 5.14 seconds, with a mixing time error of approximately 10%, operating at an agitation speed of 500 rpm.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: agitation system; glyceryc acid; bioreactor","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.46
Nuha Talib Shareef Al Salman, Jassim Kassim Menati Al-Gharawi
The study was conducted at a poultry field, Agricultural Research and Experiment Station at the College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, to determine the effect of locally extracted and imported aloe vera oil on some productive traits of broilers, different levels of oil extracted from the leaves of the aloe vera plant were used, from 22/2/2022 to 29/3/2022. A total of 405 unsexed, one-day-old chicks of Ross 308 broiler were used; chicks were randomly distributed to nine treatments with three replicates for each, 45 chicks per treatment (15 chicks for each replicate), the treatments were followed; T1: without any addition, as for the treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5, they were local aloe vera oil and the treatments T7, T6, T8 and T9, they were imported aloe vera oil, the addition of oil was at the levels 0.3 and 0.4 per kg feed. The results of the experiment indicated a significant improvement in some productive traits, including Body Weight (BW), Weight Gain (WG), Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion (FC), with a significant decrease in mortality for all treatments of locally extracted and imported oil compared to the control treatment, the treatments of the oil extracted locally showed the best results in a significant way compared to the rest of the treatments of the imported oil of the aloe vera plant. Keywords: Locally extracted, imported, aloe vera oil, productive traits, broilers.
{"title":"The effect of locally extracted and imported aloe vera oil on some productive traits of broilers","authors":"Nuha Talib Shareef Al Salman, Jassim Kassim Menati Al-Gharawi","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.46","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted at a poultry field, Agricultural Research and Experiment Station at the College of\u0000Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, to determine the effect of locally extracted and imported aloe vera oil\u0000on some productive traits of broilers, different levels of oil extracted from the leaves of the aloe vera plant\u0000were used, from 22/2/2022 to 29/3/2022. A total of 405 unsexed, one-day-old chicks of Ross 308 broiler were\u0000used; chicks were randomly distributed to nine treatments with three replicates for each, 45 chicks per treatment (15 chicks for each replicate), the treatments were followed; T1: without any addition, as for the treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5, they were local aloe vera oil and the treatments T7, T6, T8 and T9, they were\u0000imported aloe vera oil, the addition of oil was at the levels 0.3 and 0.4 per kg feed. The results of the experiment\u0000indicated a significant improvement in some productive traits, including Body Weight (BW), Weight Gain\u0000(WG), Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion (FC), with a significant decrease in mortality for all treatments\u0000of locally extracted and imported oil compared to the control treatment, the treatments of the oil extracted\u0000locally showed the best results in a significant way compared to the rest of the treatments of the imported oil\u0000of the aloe vera plant.\u0000Keywords: Locally extracted, imported, aloe vera oil, productive traits, broilers.","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"104 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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