Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.16
S. A. Guamán-Rivera, Á. E. Guerrero-Pincay, N. R. Ortiz-Naveda, R. L. González-Marcillo, Robison J. Herrera-Feijoo
Using Bos indicus cows, a study examined the relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and milk yield. For this study, one hundred fifty cows (Primiparous, PM, 75 and Multiparous, MP 75) in early lactation (days in milk, PM =134 ± 3; MP = 136 ± 5), milk production (9,88 kg/d, on average) of the creole breed Gyr lechers were enrolled. Before being assigned to each treatment, the SCC values were lower than 220,000 cells/mL, on average. All cows were maintained to graze daily on Megathyrsus maximus and supplemented with Morus alba ad libitum, being hand-milking at 0700 daily. Before analysis, the SCC was logarithmically transformed (log10). Then, PROC Mixed from SAS version 9.4 was used to evaluate all measurements. Regarding our results, the MP had greater milk yields than PM cows (10.83 vs. 9.18 ± 0.38 kg/d; P = 0.003). Similar results were observed for fat-corrected milk (8.26 vs. 6.80 ± 0.34; P = 0.002), although the fat values did not differ between both groups (P = 0.86) being lower than referential values for these breeds (2.46 ± 0.16, on average). No differences were observed in the other milk components (P = 0.65 to 0.85). Despite that, the somatic cell count (SCC) values showed a statistical tendency in PM than in MP (1.89 vs. 2.13 ± 0.05; P = 0.07). In conclusion, low-fat contents were observed in both groups, possibly due to the low quality of foods used in ruminant feeding. While that, the parity and advanced lactation conditioned the SCC contents. Therefore, other studies should be performed to identify more factors that could be determinants. Keywords: Milk, Tropical livestock, Udder health
{"title":"Somatic Cell Count Evaluation in Early Lactation between Primiparous and Multiparous Bos indicus Cows","authors":"S. A. Guamán-Rivera, Á. E. Guerrero-Pincay, N. R. Ortiz-Naveda, R. L. González-Marcillo, Robison J. Herrera-Feijoo","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.16","url":null,"abstract":"Using Bos indicus cows, a study examined the relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and milk yield. For this study, one hundred fifty cows (Primiparous, PM, 75 and Multiparous, MP 75) in early lactation (days in milk, PM =134 ± 3; MP = 136 ± 5), milk production (9,88 kg/d, on average) of the creole breed Gyr lechers were enrolled. Before being assigned to each treatment, the SCC values were lower than 220,000 cells/mL, on average. All cows were maintained to graze daily on Megathyrsus maximus and supplemented with Morus alba ad libitum, being hand-milking at 0700 daily. Before analysis, the SCC was logarithmically transformed (log10). Then, PROC Mixed from SAS version 9.4 was used to evaluate all measurements. Regarding our results, the MP had greater milk yields than PM cows (10.83 vs. 9.18 ± 0.38 kg/d; P = 0.003). Similar results were observed for fat-corrected milk (8.26 vs. 6.80 ± 0.34; P = 0.002), although the fat values did not differ between both groups (P = 0.86) being lower than referential values for these breeds (2.46 ± 0.16, on average). No differences were observed in the other milk components (P = 0.65 to 0.85). Despite that, the somatic cell count (SCC) values showed a statistical tendency in PM than in MP (1.89 vs. 2.13 ± 0.05; P = 0.07). In conclusion, low-fat contents were observed in both groups, possibly due to the low quality of foods used in ruminant feeding. While that, the parity and advanced lactation conditioned the SCC contents. Therefore, other studies should be performed to identify more factors that could be determinants.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: Milk, Tropical livestock, Udder health","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"91 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.15
Darwin Romero, Pilar Oña, Pedro Aguilar, Wilson Chango
Ecuador is an essential cocoa producer recognized for its quality and aroma. Additionally, it holds a prominent position among the country's traditional export products, making it the third-largest cocoa-producing country in the world. However, the cocoa industry faces challenges due to moniliasis, a fungal disease that affects cocoa trees and causes damage to the fruits, resulting in decreased production. This research aims to prevent cocoa moniliasis by conducting tests with different algorithms to select the best one for predicting moniliasis using sensor data in the progressive web application. Various supervised learning algorithms were applied, including PCA, IPCA, KPCA, Linear Regression, Sci-Kit Learning, and ensemble methods like Bagging and Boosting. Google's Lighthouse is utilized for artifact validation. It is concluded that the Boosting ensemble method with a value of 1.0 and 4 estimators is the algorithm that shows a good fit for prediction. In artifact validation, it yields favorable results with a score of over 90 in various Lighthouse parameters. Keywords: Moniliasis 1; Progressive Web Application 2; PCA 3; IPCA 4; KPCA 5; Linear Regression 6; Bagging 7; Boosting 8; Lighthouse 9
{"title":"Prevention of cocoa moniliasis using Progressive Web Applications and sensor data in the province of Francisco de Orellana","authors":"Darwin Romero, Pilar Oña, Pedro Aguilar, Wilson Chango","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.15","url":null,"abstract":"Ecuador is an essential cocoa producer recognized for its quality and aroma. Additionally, it holds a prominent position among the country's traditional export products, making it the third-largest cocoa-producing country in the world. However, the cocoa industry faces challenges due to moniliasis, a fungal disease that affects cocoa trees and causes damage to the fruits, resulting in decreased production. This research aims to prevent cocoa moniliasis by conducting tests with different algorithms to select the best one for predicting moniliasis using sensor data in the progressive web application. Various supervised learning algorithms were applied, including PCA, IPCA, KPCA, Linear Regression, Sci-Kit Learning, and ensemble methods like Bagging and Boosting. Google's Lighthouse is utilized for artifact validation. It is concluded that the Boosting ensemble method with a value of 1.0 and 4 estimators is the algorithm that shows a good fit for prediction. In artifact validation, it yields favorable results with a score of over 90 in various Lighthouse parameters.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: Moniliasis 1; Progressive Web Application 2; PCA 3; IPCA 4; KPCA 5; Linear Regression 6; Bagging 7; Boosting 8; Lighthouse 9","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"22 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.5
Jessica Urquizo, Mirtha Jiménez, Pedro Aguilar, Wilson Chango
The primary objective of this research was to enhance cocoa production and quality in tropical countries, such as Latin America and Africa, where cocoa cultivation plays a pivotal role in the economy of rural communities. The primary challenge addressed in this study was moniliasis, a fungal disease that affects cocoa fruits and leads to a significant decline in crop production and quality. A multidisciplinary approach was employed to tackle this issue, combining sensors, MongoDB Compass databases, Progressive Web Applications (PWAs), and predictive models. A research methodology incorporating predictive analysis techniques, particularly the logistic regression method, was utilized to achieve early detection and efficient management of moniliasis. Data collection instruments included sensors monitoring vital environmental factors like humidity and temperature alongside MongoDB Compass databases for storing and managing the gathered data. Furthermore, a PWA was developed for real-time data collection and analysis. The results of implementing this sensor-based tool in cocoa cultivation were highly effective. Early detection of moniliasis allowed for more precise preventive and corrective measures, resulting in a significant improvement in cocoa production and quality. These results were substantiated with concrete data demonstrating the tool's efficacy. Keywords. Data Prediction: Models and Applications; Efficient MongoDB Database Management; High-Quality Cocoa; Moniliasis: Treatment and Prevention; Progressive Web Apps (PWA): User Experience.
{"title":"Fighting moniliasis in Orellana with sensors and PWA for sustainable agriculture","authors":"Jessica Urquizo, Mirtha Jiménez, Pedro Aguilar, Wilson Chango","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.5","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this research was to enhance cocoa production and quality in tropical countries, such as Latin America and Africa, where cocoa cultivation plays a pivotal role in the economy of rural communities. The primary challenge addressed in this study was moniliasis, a fungal disease that affects cocoa fruits and leads to a significant decline in crop production and quality. A multidisciplinary approach was employed to tackle this issue, combining sensors, MongoDB Compass databases, Progressive Web Applications (PWAs), and predictive models.\u0000 \u0000A research methodology incorporating predictive analysis techniques, particularly the logistic regression method, was utilized to achieve early detection and efficient management of moniliasis. Data collection instruments included sensors monitoring vital environmental factors like humidity and temperature alongside MongoDB Compass databases for storing and managing the gathered data. Furthermore, a PWA was developed for real-time data collection and analysis.\u0000 \u0000The results of implementing this sensor-based tool in cocoa cultivation were highly effective. Early detection of moniliasis allowed for more precise preventive and corrective measures, resulting in a significant improvement in cocoa production and quality. These results were substantiated with concrete data demonstrating the tool's efficacy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords. Data Prediction: Models and Applications; Efficient MongoDB Database Management; High-Quality Cocoa; Moniliasis: Treatment and Prevention; Progressive Web Apps (PWA): User Experience.","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.8
Tannia Vargas-Tierras, V. Morales-León, Sharon Andi-Barrera, Rubén Toapanta-Topón, María Morales-León, Lissette Segovia-Tello, Viviana Lara-Villegas
The validation of the electrothermal spectrometry method for Arsenic and lead determination in water samples guarantees the quality of analytical data. The study was carried out at AQLAB. A theoretical and technical investigation was applied to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the analytical method. Parameters such as INEN standards, Eurachem international standards, AQLAB internal documents and environmental standards were used to validate the process. Several readings were performed on different samples to make calibration curves for As and Pb, evaluate the method's linearity, and obtain information on the slope, intercept and determination coefficient. Statistical calculations were used to determine the limit of detection and quantification, repeatability, reproducibility, trueness and uncertainty. The results show that the hypotheses were fulfilled, calibration curves with determination coefficient higher than 0.995, repeatability standard deviation lower than 16%, calculated F < critical F (4.96), calculated t student < theoretical (2.23), trueness was between 100.29-110.18 and 99.64-107.92%, uncertainty was 20% range 0.005 to 0.10 mg/L and 15% range 0.01-0.20mg/L, limit of detection was 0.001 and 0.005 mg/L and limit of quantification was 0.01 and 0.02mg/L, respectively. Therefore, the validation method was robust and accurate. Keywords: water samples, analytical data, reliable results, Arsenic, Lead, validation.
对测定水样中砷和铅的电热光谱法进行验证可确保分析数据的质量。这项研究在 AQLAB 进行。为确保分析方法的可靠性和准确性，进行了理论和技术调查。在验证过程中使用了 INEN 标准、Eurachem 国际标准、AQLAB 内部文件和环境标准等参数。对不同的样品进行了多次读数，以绘制砷和铅的校准曲线，评估该方法的线性度，并获得斜率、截距和确定系数等信息。统计计算用于确定检测和定量限、重复性、再现性、真实度和不确定性。结果表明，假设成立，校准曲线的测定系数高于 0.995，重复性标准偏差低于 16%，计算 F < 临界 F（4.96），计算 t 学生 < 理论值（2.检出限分别为 0.001 和 0.005 mg/L，定量限分别为 0.01 和 0.02 mg/L。因此，该方法可靠、准确。关键词：水样；分析数据；结果可靠；砷；铅；验证。
{"title":"Detection of arsenic and lead ions in water through validation of the electrothermal atomic absorption method","authors":"Tannia Vargas-Tierras, V. Morales-León, Sharon Andi-Barrera, Rubén Toapanta-Topón, María Morales-León, Lissette Segovia-Tello, Viviana Lara-Villegas","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.8","url":null,"abstract":"The validation of the electrothermal spectrometry method for Arsenic and lead determination in water samples guarantees the quality of analytical data. The study was carried out at AQLAB. A theoretical and technical investigation was applied to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the analytical method. Parameters such as INEN standards, Eurachem international standards, AQLAB internal documents and environmental standards were used to validate the process. Several readings were performed on different samples to make calibration curves for As and Pb, evaluate the method's linearity, and obtain information on the slope, intercept and determination coefficient. Statistical calculations were used to determine the limit of detection and quantification, repeatability, reproducibility, trueness and uncertainty. The results show that the hypotheses were fulfilled, calibration curves with determination coefficient higher than 0.995, repeatability standard deviation lower than 16%, calculated F < critical F (4.96), calculated t student < theoretical (2.23), trueness was between 100.29-110.18 and 99.64-107.92%, uncertainty was 20% range 0.005 to 0.10 mg/L and 15% range 0.01-0.20mg/L, limit of detection was 0.001 and 0.005 mg/L and limit of quantification was 0.01 and 0.02mg/L, respectively. Therefore, the validation method was robust and accurate.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: water samples, analytical data, reliable results, Arsenic, Lead, validation.","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"110 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.17
J. Larrea, J. Rentería
The Yasuní National Park is the largest protected area in Ecuador; it houses excellent biodiversity of the Amazonian tropical humid forest; it is the home of the Waoranis, an indigenous people in voluntary isolation PIAV, who depend on the resources that the forest has, in this context, this article deals with the assessment of the ecosystem services provided by the tropical humid forest of the Ecuadorian Amazon, the main objective being to determine which of these services is the most important, in addition to showing the ancestral cultural manifestations of this ethnic group; therefore The ecosystem services of the Waorani Nampaweno community, located in the Dayuma parish, Orellana province, were analyzed. In the methodology used, interviews were carried out with the two elders of the community and the inventory sheets of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage INPC, later when applying the Likert scale, the results showed that the cultural ecosystem services obtained 34 points, the highest score, Cronbach's alpha of 0.87 validates the reliability of the research, with the food supply service being the one that allows survival, however, cultural services make visible the vast knowledge and ancestral wisdom that they have treasured. It is transmitted orally by the "pikenanis" (elders) throughout the generations. The highlights of the cards were preparation for the hunt, respect for animals such as eagle and tiger, and the use of annatto as facial ink. Hunting and abundant food are celebrated through dances. The crafts and clothing are made from fibers and seeds from the forest; however, threats such as the invasion of their territory due to colonization and oil exploitation are acculturating young people, ending their way of life, identity and loss. of its ancestral cultural wealth. The Waoranis are the forest's protectors, and their right to their way of life linked to the Amazon rainforest must be strengthened. Keywords: Ecosystemic Services, waorani culture, Amazonian tropical forest, plants from Yasuní Park.
{"title":"Valoración de los servicios ecosistémicos del bosque primario de la comunidad Waorani Nampaweno, Orellana, Ecuador.","authors":"J. Larrea, J. Rentería","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.17","url":null,"abstract":"The Yasuní National Park is the largest protected area in Ecuador; it houses excellent biodiversity of the Amazonian tropical humid forest; it is the home of the Waoranis, an indigenous people in voluntary isolation PIAV, who depend on the resources that the forest has, in this context, this article deals with the assessment of the ecosystem services provided by the tropical humid forest of the Ecuadorian Amazon, the main objective being to determine which of these services is the most important, in addition to showing the ancestral cultural manifestations of this ethnic group; therefore The ecosystem services of the Waorani Nampaweno community, located in the Dayuma parish, Orellana province, were analyzed. In the methodology used, interviews were carried out with the two elders of the community and the inventory sheets of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage INPC, later when applying the Likert scale, the results showed that the cultural ecosystem services obtained 34 points, the highest score, Cronbach's alpha of 0.87 validates the reliability of the research, with the food supply service being the one that allows survival, however, cultural services make visible the vast knowledge and ancestral wisdom that they have treasured. It is transmitted orally by the \"pikenanis\" (elders) throughout the generations. The highlights of the cards were preparation for the hunt, respect for animals such as eagle and tiger, and the use of annatto as facial ink. Hunting and abundant food are celebrated through dances. The crafts and clothing are made from fibers and seeds from the forest; however, threats such as the invasion of their territory due to colonization and oil exploitation are acculturating young people, ending their way of life, identity and loss. of its ancestral cultural wealth. The Waoranis are the forest's protectors, and their right to their way of life linked to the Amazon rainforest must be strengthened.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: Ecosystemic Services, waorani culture, Amazonian tropical forest, plants from Yasuní Park.","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"94 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.7
Jose Allauca P, Carlos Lopez P, Jennyfer Daza, Joyce Chamba
The main objective of this article is to describe the pollution in the main Loreto-Coca rivers using physicochemical parameters. Our analysis is focused on the Orellana province and examines the Suno, Napo, Coca, and Payamino rivers, which are adversely impacted by oil and mining activities. These activities result in toxic and chemical residues, such as heavy metals and other contaminants. Samples were collected following the INEN 2176 standard to do this. We could evaluate parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity, nutrients (nitrates, phosphates), heavy metals, and COD using laboratory equipment and specific techniques and methods. The level of pollution was determined by comparing these results with permissible limits. Therefore, based on the comparative results obtained, environmental education is crucial for raising awareness about the importance of protecting and conserving water as a vital resource. Conducting these studies provides essential information for taking preventive and corrective measures and monitoring and addressing identified issues to safeguard public health and the environment. Keywords: pollution, water, rivers, sample, standard, physicochemical parameters.
本文的主要目的是利用物理化学参数描述洛雷托-可卡主要河流的污染情况。我们的分析以奥雷亚纳省为重点，考察了受到石油和采矿活动不利影响的苏诺河、纳波河、可卡河和帕亚米诺河。这些活动产生了有毒化学残留物，如重金属和其他污染物。为此，我们按照 INEN 2176 标准采集了样本。我们可以使用实验室设备和特定的技术和方法来评估 pH 值、溶解氧、电导率、浊度、营养物质（硝酸盐、磷酸盐）、重金属和 COD 等参数。通过将这些结果与允许限值进行比较，确定污染程度。因此，根据所获得的比较结果，环境教育对于提高人们对保护和节约水资源这一重要资源的重要性的认识至关重要。开展这些研究可为采取预防和纠正措施以及监测和解决已发现的问题提供重要信息，从而保护公众健康和环境。
{"title":"Description of the primary Loreto-coca river contamination through the measurement of physicochemical parameters","authors":"Jose Allauca P, Carlos Lopez P, Jennyfer Daza, Joyce Chamba","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.7","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this article is to describe the pollution in the main Loreto-Coca rivers using physicochemical parameters. Our analysis is focused on the Orellana province and examines the Suno, Napo, Coca, and Payamino rivers, which are adversely impacted by oil and mining activities. These activities result in toxic and chemical residues, such as heavy metals and other contaminants. Samples were collected following the INEN 2176 standard to do this. We could evaluate parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity, nutrients (nitrates, phosphates), heavy metals, and COD using laboratory equipment and specific techniques and methods. The level of pollution was determined by comparing these results with permissible limits. Therefore, based on the comparative results obtained, environmental education is crucial for raising awareness about the importance of protecting and conserving water as a vital resource. Conducting these studies provides essential information for taking preventive and corrective measures and monitoring and addressing identified issues to safeguard public health and the environment.\u0000Keywords: pollution, water, rivers, sample, standard, physicochemical parameters.","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"126 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.66
S. Banerjee, Akanksha Singh, Ruma Pal
Filamentous non-heterocystous cyanobacterial taxa from 8 genera were collected from different ecological niches like high altitudes, plains and estuaries of eastern India. The systematic accounts of 23 taxa were investigated with a polyphasic approach considering morpho taxonomy, cultural behavior, and molecular phylogenetic analysis with 16S and 16S-23S Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions as molecular markers. The collected taxa were from the families Oscillatoriaceae, Phormidiaceae and Pseudanabaenaceae with 8 representative genera viz. Lyngbya, Plectonema, Oscillatoria, Limnothrix, Leptolyngbya, Planktothrix, Desertifilum and Phormidium. The 16S-23S ITS region-based molecular characterization of 13 species from Oscillatoriaceae, 6 species from Phormidiaceae, and 4 species from Pseudanabaenaceae were found to be congruent with earlier phylogenetic studies using other markers. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed habitat-specific clustering of ITS sequences of the investigated taxa. The 16S molecular marker-based phylogenetic analysis, along with cultural studies of the Lyngbya-Plectonema clade, highlighted the need for morphotaxonomic reconsideration of Lyngbya birgei and Plectonema tomasinianum related to the formation of false branching. The present study affirmed that 98% sequence similarity in the ITS region can be considered as a threshold percentage for conspecificity determination in the Lyngbya genus. Keywords: Cyanobacteria; ITS; Oscillatoriaceae; Phormidiaceae; Phylogenetic tree; Pseudanabaenaceae.
{"title":"Taxonomic interpretation of non-heterocystous Cyanobacteria (Oscillatoriales) from eastern India with particular emphasis on Lyngbya Plectonema complex","authors":"S. Banerjee, Akanksha Singh, Ruma Pal","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.66","url":null,"abstract":"Filamentous non-heterocystous cyanobacterial taxa from 8 genera were collected from different ecological niches like high altitudes, plains and estuaries of eastern India. The systematic accounts of 23 taxa were investigated with a polyphasic approach considering morpho taxonomy, cultural behavior, and molecular phylogenetic analysis with 16S and 16S-23S Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions as molecular markers. The collected taxa were from the families Oscillatoriaceae, Phormidiaceae and Pseudanabaenaceae with 8 representative genera viz. Lyngbya, Plectonema, Oscillatoria, Limnothrix, Leptolyngbya, Planktothrix, Desertifilum and Phormidium. The 16S-23S ITS region-based molecular characterization of 13 species from Oscillatoriaceae, 6 species from Phormidiaceae, and 4 species from Pseudanabaenaceae were found to be congruent with earlier phylogenetic studies using other markers. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed habitat-specific clustering of ITS sequences of the investigated taxa. The 16S molecular marker-based phylogenetic analysis, along with cultural studies of the Lyngbya-Plectonema clade, highlighted the need for morphotaxonomic reconsideration of Lyngbya birgei and Plectonema tomasinianum related to the formation of false branching. The present study affirmed that 98% sequence similarity in the ITS region can be considered as a threshold percentage for conspecificity determination in the Lyngbya genus.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Cyanobacteria; ITS; Oscillatoriaceae; Phormidiaceae; Phylogenetic tree; Pseudanabaenaceae.","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"23 67","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.48
Sara Ghalib Allwi Al-Saffy, Dalia Abdalkareem Abdulshaheed
The goal of the current study was to research the changes in hematological parameters: WBC count, RBCs count, Hb, PCV, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte in albino mice infected with Aspergillus fumigatus by intraperitoneal injection after induced immunosuppression by intraperitoneal injection of cortisone. The current research also examined an attempt to reduce the infection load by treating Solanum aculeastrum. The result shows higher decreased significance (P≤0. 05) in RBCs, Hb, and PCV after being infected with A. fumigatus 7. 1 ± 0. 8, 11. 3 ± 0. 5 and 41. 5 ± 2. 4, respectively, while the total WBC count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocytes were increased significantly (P≤0. 05) after treatment with S. aculeastrum in groups infected with A. fumigatus, compared to other groups. According to these results, we conclude that the alcoholic extract of S. Astrum has significant therapeutic and antifungal characteristics that lead to an increase in the total WBC count and, therefore, is considered a necessary alternative therapy for increasing immunity. Keywords: Cortisone, Hematology, Fungi, Iraq.
{"title":"Effect of Solanum aculeastrum on hematological parameters of Al-bino mice infected with Aspergillus\u0000fumigatus","authors":"Sara Ghalib Allwi Al-Saffy, Dalia Abdalkareem Abdulshaheed","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.48","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of the current study was to research the changes in hematological parameters: WBC count, RBCs\u0000count, Hb, PCV, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte in albino mice infected with Aspergillus fumigatus\u0000by intraperitoneal injection after induced immunosuppression by intraperitoneal injection of cortisone. The\u0000current research also examined an attempt to reduce the infection load by treating Solanum aculeastrum. The\u0000result shows higher decreased significance (P≤0. 05) in RBCs, Hb, and PCV after being infected with A.\u0000fumigatus 7. 1 ± 0. 8, 11. 3 ± 0. 5 and 41. 5 ± 2. 4, respectively, while the total WBC count, neutrophil,\u0000lymphocyte, and monocytes were increased significantly (P≤0. 05) after treatment with S. aculeastrum in\u0000groups infected with A. fumigatus, compared to other groups. According to these results, we conclude that the\u0000alcoholic extract of S. Astrum has significant therapeutic and antifungal characteristics that lead to an increase\u0000in the total WBC count and, therefore, is considered a necessary alternative therapy for increasing immunity.\u0000Keywords: Cortisone, Hematology, Fungi, Iraq.","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.41
J. Ghazzi, H. Fadhil, Thaer A. Abdul Hussein, Zeyad Jabbar
New SARS-CoV-2 variants appeared in late December 2020 as Mutations accumulated in the original virus. This study aimed to provide a local database about variants of COVID-19 circulating in the Iraqi population from 2020 to 2022 and the time of emergence of new strains each month since very few local studies have documented its existence in the country. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assays were employed to 319 collected and analyzed nasal swabs to determine whether an infection had occurred. A sophisticated diagnostic kit that sorted the distinctive mutations was implemented to evaluate the variants. Results showed Younger patients were more likely to be infected with the Alpha variant (66 patients) than older people (43 patients). Additionally, patients with wild-type infestations had more robust viral load and lower Ct threshold values, culminating in an increase in severity during infection with wild-type virus 26/32 (81.250). Meanwhile, 65/109(59.63%) of patients infected with the Alpha variant developed severe and critical illness and 51/84(60.71%)were infected with Delta or Delta plus variants. In conclusion, the Alpha variant had the highest infection percentage of 109(46.6%), followed by Delta or Delta plus variant 84(26.33%), Beta or Gamma variants 47(20.1%), Omicron variant 46(19.6%), and finally wild-type virus of 32(13.7%). February 2020 witnessed a preliminary finding of the wild-type, while the Alpha variant emerged in December 2020, Beta/Gamma variances were recognized in December 2020, Delta/Delta plus variances began in April 2021, and the Omicron variant debuted in March 2022. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Mutation, rRT-PCR, Coronavirus disease 2019, TaqPath, cycle threshold (Ct) value
{"title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants distributed from March 2020 to May 2022 and their effect on the infection severity in Iraqi population","authors":"J. Ghazzi, H. Fadhil, Thaer A. Abdul Hussein, Zeyad Jabbar","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.41","url":null,"abstract":"New SARS-CoV-2 variants appeared in late December 2020 as Mutations accumulated in the original virus. This study aimed to provide a local database about variants of COVID-19 circulating in the Iraqi population from 2020 to 2022 and the time of emergence of new strains each month since very few local studies have documented its existence in the country. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assays were employed to 319 collected and analyzed nasal swabs to determine whether an infection had occurred. A sophisticated diagnostic kit that sorted the distinctive mutations was implemented to evaluate the variants. Results showed Younger patients were more likely to be infected with the Alpha variant (66 patients) than older people (43 patients).\u0000 \u0000Additionally, patients with wild-type infestations had more robust viral load and lower Ct threshold values, culminating in an increase in severity during infection with wild-type virus 26/32 (81.250). Meanwhile, 65/109(59.63%) of patients infected with the Alpha variant developed severe and critical illness and 51/84(60.71%)were infected with Delta or Delta plus variants. In conclusion, the Alpha variant had the highest infection percentage of 109(46.6%), followed by Delta or Delta plus variant 84(26.33%), Beta or Gamma variants 47(20.1%), Omicron variant 46(19.6%), and finally wild-type virus of 32(13.7%). February 2020 witnessed a preliminary finding of the wild-type, while the Alpha variant emerged in December 2020, Beta/Gamma variances were recognized in December 2020, Delta/Delta plus variances began in April 2021, and the Omicron variant debuted in March 2022.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Mutation, rRT-PCR, Coronavirus disease 2019, TaqPath, cycle threshold (Ct) value","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"120 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.62
Ghada A. Mohammad, Huda Waleed Hadi
The attempts are continuing in the various fields of life sciences to resolve a big problem, which is the ability of bacteria to cause pathogenicity for humans, animals, and plants, whether by chemical or biological methods and in ways that are hoped to be safe. Among these attempts, the control of the Quorum Sensing (QS) mechanism that occurs naturally in bacteria under certain conditions helps to increase the virulence of bacteria, starting from its ability to adhere and form a biofilm. Then, the tissues are invaded with various enzymes according to the tissue type, increasing antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the idea came to solve these problems through a mechanism opposite to the Quorum Quenching (QQ), which lies in the investigation of substances that can disrupt the QS pathway, whether at the molecular level or the physiological level, as well as benefiting from different organisms (Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes) that live in the same environment and produce substances that inhibit bacterial signaling molecules. Lastly, the discovery of varying novel QQ agents from extreme environmental bacteria will be most interesting in the future. Keywords: Quorum sensing, quorum quenching, acyl homoserine lactones, medical application
{"title":"The Role of Quorum Quenching in Medical Application","authors":"Ghada A. Mohammad, Huda Waleed Hadi","doi":"10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.62","url":null,"abstract":"The attempts are continuing in the various fields of life sciences to resolve a big problem, which is the ability\u0000of bacteria to cause pathogenicity for humans, animals, and plants, whether by chemical or biological methods\u0000and in ways that are hoped to be safe. Among these attempts, the control of the Quorum Sensing (QS) mechanism that occurs naturally in bacteria under certain conditions helps to increase the virulence of bacteria,\u0000starting from its ability to adhere and form a biofilm. Then, the tissues are invaded with various enzymes\u0000according to the tissue type, increasing antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the idea came to solve these problems\u0000through a mechanism opposite to the Quorum Quenching (QQ), which lies in the investigation of substances\u0000that can disrupt the QS pathway, whether at the molecular level or the physiological level, as well as benefiting\u0000from different organisms (Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes) that live in the same environment and produce substances that inhibit bacterial signaling molecules. Lastly, the discovery of varying novel QQ agents from extreme environmental bacteria will be most interesting in the future.\u0000Keywords: Quorum sensing, quorum quenching, acyl homoserine lactones, medical application","PeriodicalId":505112,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"16 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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