Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.19
L. V. Rychkova, A. Pogodina, T. A. Astakhova, L. N. Lebedeva
Background. The rational nutrition of the child population is given great medical importance as a factor in preserving the health and development of the child. A complete and balanced diet in terms of the content of basic nutrients ensures the normal growth and development of the child’s body.The aim. To analyze of the actual nutrition of adolescents living in rural areas of the Irkutsk region.Materials and methods. The study involved 69 rural adolescents aged 11–17 years (34 boys, 35 girls). The actual nutrition was studied by the method of 24-hour nutrition reproduction. The energy value of the diet was determined, the nature of the provision of the diet with basic macro- and microelements was studied. The obtained values were compared with the norms of physiological needs for energy and nutrients in 2008 and 2021.Results. The analysis of actual nutrition revealed deviations from the principles of healthy nutrition: insufficient energy value of the diet, deficiency of proteins and fats. The diet of adolescents was characterized by an insufficient content of the main groups of macro- and micronutrients – vitamins A, C and D, essential trace elements, and a deficiency of dietary fiber. The diet of adolescents was characterized by increased sodium intake. The calculated ratio of proteins, fats, carbohydrates indicated a carbohydrate type of diet.Conclusion. Despite the great attention to the problem of balanced nutrition of adolescents, the question of the impact of nutrition on the health of a teenager, considering the regional factor, remains open. Recommendations for the development of a regional program for the organization of proper nutrition for school-age children are of great practical importance.
{"title":"Assessment of the actual nutrition of rural adolescents of the Irkutsk region because of revision of the norms of physiological needs for energy and nutrients","authors":"L. V. Rychkova, A. Pogodina, T. A. Astakhova, L. N. Lebedeva","doi":"10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.19","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The rational nutrition of the child population is given great medical importance as a factor in preserving the health and development of the child. A complete and balanced diet in terms of the content of basic nutrients ensures the normal growth and development of the child’s body.The aim. To analyze of the actual nutrition of adolescents living in rural areas of the Irkutsk region.Materials and methods. The study involved 69 rural adolescents aged 11–17 years (34 boys, 35 girls). The actual nutrition was studied by the method of 24-hour nutrition reproduction. The energy value of the diet was determined, the nature of the provision of the diet with basic macro- and microelements was studied. The obtained values were compared with the norms of physiological needs for energy and nutrients in 2008 and 2021.Results. The analysis of actual nutrition revealed deviations from the principles of healthy nutrition: insufficient energy value of the diet, deficiency of proteins and fats. The diet of adolescents was characterized by an insufficient content of the main groups of macro- and micronutrients – vitamins A, C and D, essential trace elements, and a deficiency of dietary fiber. The diet of adolescents was characterized by increased sodium intake. The calculated ratio of proteins, fats, carbohydrates indicated a carbohydrate type of diet.Conclusion. Despite the great attention to the problem of balanced nutrition of adolescents, the question of the impact of nutrition on the health of a teenager, considering the regional factor, remains open. Recommendations for the development of a regional program for the organization of proper nutrition for school-age children are of great practical importance.","PeriodicalId":505136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biomedica Scientifica","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.11
V. V. Sinkov, I. G. Kondratov, O. Ogarkov, S. Zhdanova, A. P. Noskov, P. Khromova, E. Orlova, A. V. Labygina, L. V. Rychkova, L. Kolesnikova
Background. Bedaquiline is a new and promising anti-tuberculosis drug, but longterm use requires resistance. This is due to mutations in the atpE and mmpR genes in M. tuberculosis (MBT).The aim of the research was to test a system for automated interpretation of results for predicting resistance to bedaquiline by the molecular data.Materials and methods. DNA was isolated from strains of M. tuberculosis in the Irkutsk region and Yakutia. The total quantity of DNA samples was 27 strains from Yakutia and 21 strains from the Irkutsk region. The study of MBT genomes was carried out on the DNA previously obtained by the authors in the territories of the Irkutsk region (n = 5), Yakutia (n = 4), Buryatia (n = 3), Zabaykalskiy kray (n = 4) and the Far East (n = 8). We used the BSATool program to detect bedaquiline resistance based on Sanger and genomic data. Sanger sequencing analyzed the atpE and mmpR genes, and whole genome sequencing examined mutations in the same sequences, as well as additionally in mmpL5, mmpS5, Rv0678, Rv1979c, and pepQ.Results. Complete agreement between the phenotypic and genotypic analysis of resistance to bedaquiline was found for three strains from Yakutia. One genome with significant mutations to bedaquiline was identified. A conclusion was made about the importance of molecular analysis of target genes with subsequent detection of resistance to bedaquiline in silico.
{"title":"Online service for interpretation of the resistance prediction results to bedaquiline by the molecular data","authors":"V. V. Sinkov, I. G. Kondratov, O. Ogarkov, S. Zhdanova, A. P. Noskov, P. Khromova, E. Orlova, A. V. Labygina, L. V. Rychkova, L. Kolesnikova","doi":"10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Bedaquiline is a new and promising anti-tuberculosis drug, but longterm use requires resistance. This is due to mutations in the atpE and mmpR genes in M. tuberculosis (MBT).The aim of the research was to test a system for automated interpretation of results for predicting resistance to bedaquiline by the molecular data.Materials and methods. DNA was isolated from strains of M. tuberculosis in the Irkutsk region and Yakutia. The total quantity of DNA samples was 27 strains from Yakutia and 21 strains from the Irkutsk region. The study of MBT genomes was carried out on the DNA previously obtained by the authors in the territories of the Irkutsk region (n = 5), Yakutia (n = 4), Buryatia (n = 3), Zabaykalskiy kray (n = 4) and the Far East (n = 8). We used the BSATool program to detect bedaquiline resistance based on Sanger and genomic data. Sanger sequencing analyzed the atpE and mmpR genes, and whole genome sequencing examined mutations in the same sequences, as well as additionally in mmpL5, mmpS5, Rv0678, Rv1979c, and pepQ.Results. Complete agreement between the phenotypic and genotypic analysis of resistance to bedaquiline was found for three strains from Yakutia. One genome with significant mutations to bedaquiline was identified. A conclusion was made about the importance of molecular analysis of target genes with subsequent detection of resistance to bedaquiline in silico.","PeriodicalId":505136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biomedica Scientifica","volume":" 59","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139620987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.24
G. Kovrov, A. V. Vlasova, O. V. Popova, A. G. Chernikova
Background. Antiorthostatic hypokinesia (ANOH) reproduces some of the effects of weightlessness on the human body and is used to study adaptation to space flight conditions. It is known that ANOH affects nighttime sleep, but there is no information in the literature on the sequence of occurrence of sleep disorders in ANOH.The aim of the research was to study the dynamics of subjective changes in assessing sleep quality under conditions of antiorthostatic hypokinesia.Materials and methods. Six healthy male volunteers (age from 26 to 34 years) participated in the experiment with 21-day ANOH. They were on a medical bed with a body inclination angle relative to the horizon of –6° for 21 days. To assess sleep quality, a structured questionnaire was used that assessed sleep duration, rate of falling asleep, night awakenings, the presence of daytime sleepiness, and daytime falling asleep.Results. Based on the assessment of the dynamics of the sleep efficiency index (SEI), three stages of adaptation were identified. At the stage of acute adaptation (the first 3 days), there is a decrease in SEI from 96.4 to 91.3 (p < 0.01), a statistically significant prolongation of falling asleep from 17.6 to 33.6 minutes (p < 0.01), an increase duration of night awakenings up to 17.4 minutes, increase in daytime sleepiness by 11 %. In the next 3 days (the “recovery” stage), there is a statistically significant increase in SEI compared to the 1st stage to 94.7 (p < 0.01), but it remains statistically significantly lower than the background values (p < 0.004). The number of complaints about daytime sleepiness increases (up to 42 %), evening bedtime shifts later by 26 minutes. At the 3rd stage (the remaining nights) there is a relative stabilization of the sleep-wake cycle.Conclusion. Under conditions of 21-day ANOH, a gradual change in the pattern of sleep disturbances occurs. The most negative changes in terms of subjective assessment were noted in the first three days. Then there is an improvement in falling asleep, a decrease in night awakenings, combined with an increase in daytime sleepiness and the formation of a schedule with a later bedtime.
{"title":"Changes in the pattern of sleep disturbances in healthy subjects under 21-day antiorthostatic hypokinesia","authors":"G. Kovrov, A. V. Vlasova, O. V. Popova, A. G. Chernikova","doi":"10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.24","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Antiorthostatic hypokinesia (ANOH) reproduces some of the effects of weightlessness on the human body and is used to study adaptation to space flight conditions. It is known that ANOH affects nighttime sleep, but there is no information in the literature on the sequence of occurrence of sleep disorders in ANOH.The aim of the research was to study the dynamics of subjective changes in assessing sleep quality under conditions of antiorthostatic hypokinesia.Materials and methods. Six healthy male volunteers (age from 26 to 34 years) participated in the experiment with 21-day ANOH. They were on a medical bed with a body inclination angle relative to the horizon of –6° for 21 days. To assess sleep quality, a structured questionnaire was used that assessed sleep duration, rate of falling asleep, night awakenings, the presence of daytime sleepiness, and daytime falling asleep.Results. Based on the assessment of the dynamics of the sleep efficiency index (SEI), three stages of adaptation were identified. At the stage of acute adaptation (the first 3 days), there is a decrease in SEI from 96.4 to 91.3 (p < 0.01), a statistically significant prolongation of falling asleep from 17.6 to 33.6 minutes (p < 0.01), an increase duration of night awakenings up to 17.4 minutes, increase in daytime sleepiness by 11 %. In the next 3 days (the “recovery” stage), there is a statistically significant increase in SEI compared to the 1st stage to 94.7 (p < 0.01), but it remains statistically significantly lower than the background values (p < 0.004). The number of complaints about daytime sleepiness increases (up to 42 %), evening bedtime shifts later by 26 minutes. At the 3rd stage (the remaining nights) there is a relative stabilization of the sleep-wake cycle.Conclusion. Under conditions of 21-day ANOH, a gradual change in the pattern of sleep disturbances occurs. The most negative changes in terms of subjective assessment were noted in the first three days. Then there is an improvement in falling asleep, a decrease in night awakenings, combined with an increase in daytime sleepiness and the formation of a schedule with a later bedtime.","PeriodicalId":505136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biomedica Scientifica","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.18
S. Bolshakova, I. Madaeva, O. Berdina, E. Khramova, O. Bugun, L. V. Rychkova
Background. Adequate sleep ensures a person’s physical and psycho-emotional well-being. Adolescence is one of the critical stages of life. The exclusive attention of specialists and leveling the impact of adverse factors on the body during this period is the key to the proper development and preservation of the health of adolescents. Meanwhile, sleep problems in teenage girls remain poorly understood.The aim. To study the features of the sleep regime and quality of sleep of teenage girls in the city of Irkutsk.Materials and methods. A survey of 422 teenage girls in the city of Irkutsk was conducted using a translated version of a questionnaire about adolescent sleep habits to subjectively assess their sleep and wakefulness. Two groups were formed: group I – girls with sleep problems (n = 171); group II – girls without sleep problems (n = 251).Results. Sleep disorders among teenage girls in the city of Irkutsk occurred with a frequency of 40.52 %. In most cases, a complex effect of various unfavorable factors on the sleep process has been identified. The adolescents with sleep disorders we examined were characterized by higher rates of sleep latency, later bedtime, earlier awakening, decreased time of night sleep, as well as changes in the sleep shift indicator towards its increase. These violations were noted both on weekdays and on weekends.Conclusions. Sleep problems were reported in 40.52% of respondents. The complex impact of various unfavorable factors on sleep quality has been revealed. The features of sleep hygiene of teenage girls are reflected. The group of girls with sleep problems was characterized by increased sleep latency, later bedtime, earlier awakening, reduced sleep time, and an increase in sleep shift.
{"title":"Prevalence of sleep disorders in teenage girls in Irkutsk (questionnaire data)","authors":"S. Bolshakova, I. Madaeva, O. Berdina, E. Khramova, O. Bugun, L. V. Rychkova","doi":"10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.18","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Adequate sleep ensures a person’s physical and psycho-emotional well-being. Adolescence is one of the critical stages of life. The exclusive attention of specialists and leveling the impact of adverse factors on the body during this period is the key to the proper development and preservation of the health of adolescents. Meanwhile, sleep problems in teenage girls remain poorly understood.The aim. To study the features of the sleep regime and quality of sleep of teenage girls in the city of Irkutsk.Materials and methods. A survey of 422 teenage girls in the city of Irkutsk was conducted using a translated version of a questionnaire about adolescent sleep habits to subjectively assess their sleep and wakefulness. Two groups were formed: group I – girls with sleep problems (n = 171); group II – girls without sleep problems (n = 251).Results. Sleep disorders among teenage girls in the city of Irkutsk occurred with a frequency of 40.52 %. In most cases, a complex effect of various unfavorable factors on the sleep process has been identified. The adolescents with sleep disorders we examined were characterized by higher rates of sleep latency, later bedtime, earlier awakening, decreased time of night sleep, as well as changes in the sleep shift indicator towards its increase. These violations were noted both on weekdays and on weekends.Conclusions. Sleep problems were reported in 40.52% of respondents. The complex impact of various unfavorable factors on sleep quality has been revealed. The features of sleep hygiene of teenage girls are reflected. The group of girls with sleep problems was characterized by increased sleep latency, later bedtime, earlier awakening, reduced sleep time, and an increase in sleep shift.","PeriodicalId":505136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biomedica Scientifica","volume":" 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.12
E. K. Lagunova, M. Khasnatinov, G. Danchinova
Background. Infections transmitted to humans by the bites of ixodid ticks remain an urgent public health problem. In this work we explored the natural foci of tickborne infections located in the valley of the Chikoy River, which is a part of the buffer zone of the Baikal natural territory.The aim. To characterize the modern diversity and prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in the ecosystems of the valley of the Chikoy River (Trans-Baikal Territory, Russian Federation).Materials and methods. Thirteen sampling sites were located in typical biotopes throughout the Chikoy valley. In total 48 adult Ixodes persulcatus ticks, 1 female Haemaphysalis concinna tick and 38 specimens of small mammals were studied. All samples were tested for infection with seven tick-borne pathogens using multiplex real-time PCR.Results. No pathogens were detected in the H. concinna specimen. No R. sibirica and R. heilongjiangensis were detected both in ticks and in rodents. Among I. persulcatus, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), and the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. comprised 39.5 %, A. phagocytophilum – 16.7 %, B. miyamotoi – 8.3 % and Ehrlichia sp. – 2.1 %. Among infected ticks 6.2 % were co-infected with B. burgdorferi s. l. and A. phagocytophilum. Four rodent hosts of ticks and infections were identified: Myodes rufocanus (44.7 %), Apodemus peninsulae (39 %), Microtus oeconomus (13.2 %) and M. rutilus (2.6 %). Mean prevalence of B. burgdorferi s. l. in rodents comprised 39.5 %, B. miyamotoi – 28.9 %, Ehrlichia sp. – 21.1 % and A. phagocytophilum – 18.4 %. TBEV was detected in 5.3 % of rodents.Conclusion. At least five tick-borne pathogens circulate in the Chikoi River valley, i. e. TBEV, B. burgdorferi sensu lato, A. phagocytophilum, B. miyamotoi and Ehrlichia sp. The wide spread of I. persulcatus and abundance of competent rodent hosts of infections and ticks indicates that natural foci of tick-borne diseases are widely distributed in the Chikoi River valley.
背景。被伊科蜱叮咬而传染给人类的疾病仍然是一个紧迫的公共卫生问题。在这项工作中，我们探索了位于奇科伊河流域的蜱虫传染病自然病灶，该流域是贝加尔湖自然保护区缓冲区的一部分。描述奇科伊河流域（俄罗斯联邦外贝加尔边疆区）生态系统中蜱传病原体的现代多样性和流行情况。13 个采样点位于整个奇科伊河谷的典型生物群落中。总共研究了 48 只成年 Ixodes persulcatus 蜱、1 只雌性 Haemaphysalis concinna 蜱和 38 只小型哺乳动物标本。使用多重实时 PCR 对所有样本进行了检测，以确定是否感染了七种蜱媒病原体。在 H. concinna 标本中未检测到病原体。在蜱虫和啮齿动物体内均未检测到西伯利亚蜱和黑龙江蜱。在 I. persulcatus 中，蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV）和包柔氏梭菌（Borrelia burgdorferi s. l.）的感染率分别为 39.5%、16.7%、8.3% 和 2.1%。在受感染的蜱虫中，有 6.2% 同时感染了勃氏菌和噬细胞甲虫。确定了四种啮齿动物宿主的蜱虫和感染：Myodes rufocanus（44.7%）、Apodemus peninsulae（39%）、Microtus oeconomus（13.2%）和 M. rutilus（2.6%）。啮齿类动物中的勃氏双球菌（B. burgdorferi s. l.）的平均感染率为 39.5%，宫本双球菌（B. miyamotoi）为 28.9%，埃里希氏菌（Ehrlichia sp.）为 21.1%，噬菌体（A. phagocytophilum）为 18.4%。5.3%的啮齿动物体内检测到 TBEV。I.persulcatus的广泛传播以及啮齿动物感染宿主和蜱虫的大量存在表明，蜱传疾病的自然病灶广泛分布在奇科伊河流域。
{"title":"Characteristics of tickborne infections in the underexplored areas of the Trans-Baikal Territory","authors":"E. K. Lagunova, M. Khasnatinov, G. Danchinova","doi":"10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Infections transmitted to humans by the bites of ixodid ticks remain an urgent public health problem. In this work we explored the natural foci of tickborne infections located in the valley of the Chikoy River, which is a part of the buffer zone of the Baikal natural territory.The aim. To characterize the modern diversity and prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in the ecosystems of the valley of the Chikoy River (Trans-Baikal Territory, Russian Federation).Materials and methods. Thirteen sampling sites were located in typical biotopes throughout the Chikoy valley. In total 48 adult Ixodes persulcatus ticks, 1 female Haemaphysalis concinna tick and 38 specimens of small mammals were studied. All samples were tested for infection with seven tick-borne pathogens using multiplex real-time PCR.Results. No pathogens were detected in the H. concinna specimen. No R. sibirica and R. heilongjiangensis were detected both in ticks and in rodents. Among I. persulcatus, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), and the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. comprised 39.5 %, A. phagocytophilum – 16.7 %, B. miyamotoi – 8.3 % and Ehrlichia sp. – 2.1 %. Among infected ticks 6.2 % were co-infected with B. burgdorferi s. l. and A. phagocytophilum. Four rodent hosts of ticks and infections were identified: Myodes rufocanus (44.7 %), Apodemus peninsulae (39 %), Microtus oeconomus (13.2 %) and M. rutilus (2.6 %). Mean prevalence of B. burgdorferi s. l. in rodents comprised 39.5 %, B. miyamotoi – 28.9 %, Ehrlichia sp. – 21.1 % and A. phagocytophilum – 18.4 %. TBEV was detected in 5.3 % of rodents.Conclusion. At least five tick-borne pathogens circulate in the Chikoi River valley, i. e. TBEV, B. burgdorferi sensu lato, A. phagocytophilum, B. miyamotoi and Ehrlichia sp. The wide spread of I. persulcatus and abundance of competent rodent hosts of infections and ticks indicates that natural foci of tick-borne diseases are widely distributed in the Chikoi River valley.","PeriodicalId":505136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biomedica Scientifica","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.17
Sureshkumar Ajitha Aaromal, E. Novikova, Suprasannan Abhiramy, Krishna Maniyan Girija Manu, A. S. Vanyarkinа, E. Moskaleva, E. D. Kazantseva, A. Petrova, L. V. Rychkova
Background. Vaccination coverage of children in India is not sufficient since the COVID-19 pandemic (less than 90 %). This may lead to low adherence of parents to children’s vaccination.The aim. To study parental attitudes and awareness towards children vaccination programs in India at the COVID-19 pandemic background.Methods. Two hundred and fourteen participants from Kerala state (India) took part in the descriptive cross-sectional study via survey method. The survey was prepared with Google form according the principles of anonymity.Results. Indian parents demonstrated good adherence towards children’s vaccination, 98.6 % (95% confidence interval (CI): 95.9–99.5) of them vaccinated their child, and if vaccination appointment had to be rescheduled 84.6 % (95% CI: 79.1–88.8) of them vaccinated children after. Most of Indians (68.7 %; 95% CI: 62.1–74.5) preferred to vaccinate children in state clinics, however, 28.5 % (95% CI: 22.8–34.8) chose private clinics. Information about diseases that vaccines can prevent, vaccine safety, and side effects 47.2 % (95% CI: 40.6–53.8) of parents got from public pediatricians, 50.9 % (95% CI: 44.2–57.5) – from private pediatricians, and 10.3 % (95% CI: 6.8–15.0) – from complementary and alternative medicine practitioners. Over 80 % of Indians were informed about vaccination through mass media (83.6%; 95% CI: 78.1–87.9). Indian parents showed low awareness about vaccination, because 63.1 % (95% CI: 56.4–69.2) of parents wanted to know more about vaccination. Moreover, before vaccination 21.5 % (95% CI: 16.5–27.4) of them were not informed by a doctor about health benefits and possible risks for their children.Conclusion. In the COVID-19 pandemic Indian parents showed good attitude towards vaccination and low awareness in vaccination questions.
{"title":"Attitude and awareness of Indian parents from Kerala state towards children’s vaccination at the COVID-19 pandemic background","authors":"Sureshkumar Ajitha Aaromal, E. Novikova, Suprasannan Abhiramy, Krishna Maniyan Girija Manu, A. S. Vanyarkinа, E. Moskaleva, E. D. Kazantseva, A. Petrova, L. V. Rychkova","doi":"10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.17","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Vaccination coverage of children in India is not sufficient since the COVID-19 pandemic (less than 90 %). This may lead to low adherence of parents to children’s vaccination.The aim. To study parental attitudes and awareness towards children vaccination programs in India at the COVID-19 pandemic background.Methods. Two hundred and fourteen participants from Kerala state (India) took part in the descriptive cross-sectional study via survey method. The survey was prepared with Google form according the principles of anonymity.Results. Indian parents demonstrated good adherence towards children’s vaccination, 98.6 % (95% confidence interval (CI): 95.9–99.5) of them vaccinated their child, and if vaccination appointment had to be rescheduled 84.6 % (95% CI: 79.1–88.8) of them vaccinated children after. Most of Indians (68.7 %; 95% CI: 62.1–74.5) preferred to vaccinate children in state clinics, however, 28.5 % (95% CI: 22.8–34.8) chose private clinics. Information about diseases that vaccines can prevent, vaccine safety, and side effects 47.2 % (95% CI: 40.6–53.8) of parents got from public pediatricians, 50.9 % (95% CI: 44.2–57.5) – from private pediatricians, and 10.3 % (95% CI: 6.8–15.0) – from complementary and alternative medicine practitioners. Over 80 % of Indians were informed about vaccination through mass media (83.6%; 95% CI: 78.1–87.9). Indian parents showed low awareness about vaccination, because 63.1 % (95% CI: 56.4–69.2) of parents wanted to know more about vaccination. Moreover, before vaccination 21.5 % (95% CI: 16.5–27.4) of them were not informed by a doctor about health benefits and possible risks for their children.Conclusion. In the COVID-19 pandemic Indian parents showed good attitude towards vaccination and low awareness in vaccination questions.","PeriodicalId":505136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biomedica Scientifica","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.14
V. N. Salkov, D. Voronkov
A critical analysis of the literature on the structure and properties of alpha-synuclein under physiological and pathological conditions is presented, when the conformation of this protein changes, which contributes to its aggregation and changes in localization features in brain structures in such neurodegenerative diseases as Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple systemic atrophy and Alzheimer’s disease. It has been shown that the toxic effect of conformationally altered alpha-synuclein can indirectly affect the functions of neurons due to its interaction with neuroglial cells, primarily microglia and astrocytes, and can also modulate the aggregation and expression of other proteins that are functionally important for the development of neurodegeneration. Further study of the mechanisms of interaction of conformationally altered alphasynuclein with other proteins and clarification of the relationship between its accumulation in brain structures and neuronal dysfunction remains relevant for modern neurology. Literature search was carried out in the “PubMed” and “eLIBRARY” databases.
{"title":"Accumulation of aggregated alpha-synuclein in neural tissue structures in neurodegenerative diseases","authors":"V. N. Salkov, D. Voronkov","doi":"10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.14","url":null,"abstract":"A critical analysis of the literature on the structure and properties of alpha-synuclein under physiological and pathological conditions is presented, when the conformation of this protein changes, which contributes to its aggregation and changes in localization features in brain structures in such neurodegenerative diseases as Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple systemic atrophy and Alzheimer’s disease. It has been shown that the toxic effect of conformationally altered alpha-synuclein can indirectly affect the functions of neurons due to its interaction with neuroglial cells, primarily microglia and astrocytes, and can also modulate the aggregation and expression of other proteins that are functionally important for the development of neurodegeneration. Further study of the mechanisms of interaction of conformationally altered alphasynuclein with other proteins and clarification of the relationship between its accumulation in brain structures and neuronal dysfunction remains relevant for modern neurology. Literature search was carried out in the “PubMed” and “eLIBRARY” databases.","PeriodicalId":505136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biomedica Scientifica","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. D. Kazantseva, A. Petrova, M. Darenskaya, E. Moskaleva, L. V. Rychkova, N. Semenova
Introduction. Respiratory diseases occupy a leading place in the structure of pathology of childhood. The proportion of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections among all infectious diseases is 90 %. The literature describes gender differences in the immune response to respiratory infections in children, but there is a gap in the description of the cytokine profile in children with influenza depending on gender and age.The aim. To analyze clinical and laboratory parameters as well as cytokine profile parameters in children with influenza.Materials and methods. A single-stage descriptive study was conducted with the participation of 50 children from 1 to 11 years of age with a diagnosis of influenza who were on inpatient treatment at the Irkutsk Regional Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital from December 2018 to January 2019. The clinical and laboratory features of the course of influenza in children, the duration of treatment were determined. The concentration of cytokines interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon alpha and gamma (INF-α, INF-γ) in blood plasma was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using diagnostic test systems manufactured by Vector-Best (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation) on the analyzer Multiscan EX (Thermo Electron, Germany).The control group consisted of practically healthy children without signs of acute respiratory viral infection (n = 50; mean age 5.3 ± 2.6 years).Results. When comparing clinical and laboratory data and cytokine profile parameters in children with influenza, no gender differences were found. There was a statistically significant increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, INF-α, as well as CRP, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 in influenza in all age categories, in contrast to the control group (p < 0.05).Conclusion. Influenza in children of different sexes proceeds classically without a statistical difference in clinical and laboratory parameters and in the level of cytokines.
{"title":"Flu in children: Clinical, laboratory indicators and cytokine profile parameters","authors":"E. D. Kazantseva, A. Petrova, M. Darenskaya, E. Moskaleva, L. V. Rychkova, N. Semenova","doi":"10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Respiratory diseases occupy a leading place in the structure of pathology of childhood. The proportion of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections among all infectious diseases is 90 %. The literature describes gender differences in the immune response to respiratory infections in children, but there is a gap in the description of the cytokine profile in children with influenza depending on gender and age.The aim. To analyze clinical and laboratory parameters as well as cytokine profile parameters in children with influenza.Materials and methods. A single-stage descriptive study was conducted with the participation of 50 children from 1 to 11 years of age with a diagnosis of influenza who were on inpatient treatment at the Irkutsk Regional Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital from December 2018 to January 2019. The clinical and laboratory features of the course of influenza in children, the duration of treatment were determined. The concentration of cytokines interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon alpha and gamma (INF-α, INF-γ) in blood plasma was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using diagnostic test systems manufactured by Vector-Best (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation) on the analyzer Multiscan EX (Thermo Electron, Germany).The control group consisted of practically healthy children without signs of acute respiratory viral infection (n = 50; mean age 5.3 ± 2.6 years).Results. When comparing clinical and laboratory data and cytokine profile parameters in children with influenza, no gender differences were found. There was a statistically significant increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, INF-α, as well as CRP, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 in influenza in all age categories, in contrast to the control group (p < 0.05).Conclusion. Influenza in children of different sexes proceeds classically without a statistical difference in clinical and laboratory parameters and in the level of cytokines.","PeriodicalId":505136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biomedica Scientifica","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139623557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Sychev, K. Mirzaev, M. Cherniaeva, N. V. Shakhgildyan, S. Abdullaev, N. Denisenko, Z. Sozaeva, A. Kachanova, V. Shastina, S. Gorbatenkova
Background. The use of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors and carriage of certain ABCB1 polymorphisms can lead to increased concentrations of rivaroxaban and the development of bleeding.The aim of the study. To study the features of drug-drug interactions (DDI) of rivaroxaban in patients over 80 years of age with non-valvular atrial fibrillation depending on the ABCB1 genotype (rs1045642 and rs4148738) using the example of verapamil (P-gp inhibitor) and amlodipine.Materials and methods. One hundred and twenty-eight patients were examined (median age – 87.5 [83–90] years). Genotyping, determination of the minimum equilibrium concentration of rivaroxaban (Cmin, ss), with standardization for the daily dose (Cmin, ss/D), coagulogram and analysis of medical documentation for the presence of clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNM) were carried out. Analysis of CRNM was performed depending on the ABCB1 genotype.Results. The use of rivaroxaban with verapamil in comparison with patients not taking calcium channel blockers (CCBs) leads to high Cmin, ss values in the CC genotype (rs1045642, rs4148738); Сmin, ss and Сmin, ss/D in the CT genotype (rs1045642); prothrombin time in the CC genotype (rs1045642), more frequent occurrence of CRNM in the TT genotype (rs1045642, rs4148738). In comparison with patients taking amlodipine, it leads to high Cmin, ss values in the CT genotype (rs1045642), a more frequent occurrence of CRNM in the TT genotype (rs1045642, rs4148738). The use of rivaroxaban with amlodipine in comparison with patients not taking CCBs leads to high Cmin, ss and Cmin, ss/D values in the CC genotype (rs1045642) (p < 0.017).Conclusion. The use of verapamil with rivaroxaban in ABCB1 TT carriers (rs4148738 and rs4148738) leads to the development of CRNM in 75 and 78 % of cases, respectively. In patients taking rivaroxaban, it is advisable to test the ABCB1 genotype (rs4148738 and rs4148738) before adding a P-gp inhibitor to therapy.
{"title":"Features of drug-drug interactions rivaroxaban and calcium channel blockers depending on the ABCB1 genotype (rs1045642 and rs4148738) in patients 80 years of age and older with non-valvular atrial fibrillation","authors":"D. Sychev, K. Mirzaev, M. Cherniaeva, N. V. Shakhgildyan, S. Abdullaev, N. Denisenko, Z. Sozaeva, A. Kachanova, V. Shastina, S. Gorbatenkova","doi":"10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The use of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors and carriage of certain ABCB1 polymorphisms can lead to increased concentrations of rivaroxaban and the development of bleeding.The aim of the study. To study the features of drug-drug interactions (DDI) of rivaroxaban in patients over 80 years of age with non-valvular atrial fibrillation depending on the ABCB1 genotype (rs1045642 and rs4148738) using the example of verapamil (P-gp inhibitor) and amlodipine.Materials and methods. One hundred and twenty-eight patients were examined (median age – 87.5 [83–90] years). Genotyping, determination of the minimum equilibrium concentration of rivaroxaban (Cmin, ss), with standardization for the daily dose (Cmin, ss/D), coagulogram and analysis of medical documentation for the presence of clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNM) were carried out. Analysis of CRNM was performed depending on the ABCB1 genotype.Results. The use of rivaroxaban with verapamil in comparison with patients not taking calcium channel blockers (CCBs) leads to high Cmin, ss values in the CC genotype (rs1045642, rs4148738); Сmin, ss and Сmin, ss/D in the CT genotype (rs1045642); prothrombin time in the CC genotype (rs1045642), more frequent occurrence of CRNM in the TT genotype (rs1045642, rs4148738). In comparison with patients taking amlodipine, it leads to high Cmin, ss values in the CT genotype (rs1045642), a more frequent occurrence of CRNM in the TT genotype (rs1045642, rs4148738). The use of rivaroxaban with amlodipine in comparison with patients not taking CCBs leads to high Cmin, ss and Cmin, ss/D values in the CC genotype (rs1045642) (p < 0.017).Conclusion. The use of verapamil with rivaroxaban in ABCB1 TT carriers (rs4148738 and rs4148738) leads to the development of CRNM in 75 and 78 % of cases, respectively. In patients taking rivaroxaban, it is advisable to test the ABCB1 genotype (rs4148738 and rs4148738) before adding a P-gp inhibitor to therapy.","PeriodicalId":505136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biomedica Scientifica","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139623422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. A. Stepanenko, B. G. Sukhov, T. V. Kon’kova, V. V. Bedinskaya, N. V. Klushina, V. I. Zlobin
Background. Klebsiella pneumoniae belongs to a group of opportunistic bacteria that can form multiple resistance to antibiotics and transmit it to various types of bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. These studies examine the structural and functional diversity of CRISPR/Cas systems that protect bacteria from foreign DNA. Their analysis using the example of antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae will demonstrate their resistance to certain bacteriophages, which will make it possible to develop approaches to the treatment of complex infectious diseases caused by these microorganisms by creating targeted phage therapy.The aim. To perform a bioinformatics analysis of the identified structural components of CRISPR/Cas systems for screening bacteriophages through CRISPR cassette spacers using the example of antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae.Materials and methods. The article analyzed 29 full-genome sequences of Klebsiella pneumoniae, in the genome of which the structures of CRISPR/Cas systems and antibiotic resistance genes were determined (according to NCBI). To achieve this goal, using software modeling methods, a search was made for Cas genes and CRISPR cassettes, and their structural and functional characteristics were given.Results. Using bioinformatic search algorithms in the genome of antibiotic-resistant strains, functionally active CRISPR/Cas systems with the presence of one or two CRISPR cassettes and belonging to Type I Subtype IE were identified. Groups of resistant strains with identical spacer composition of CRISPR cassettes have been identified. A phylogenetic analysis was carried out confirming their common origin. By analyzing the spacer sequences of CRISPR cassettes, the spectrum of diversity of phages of bacteria of the genus Klebsiella, Salmonella, belonging to the same family Enterobacteriaceae, was determined. Thus, information was obtained about the bacteriophages that are targeted by the action of CRISPR systems of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that have antibiotic resistance.Conclusions. Analysis of the functional and structural features of the CRISPR/Cas systems of antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains made it possible to obtain information about their evolutionary history and about the bacteriophages against which their action is directed, that is, about their phage resistance. The approach used in this study may further serve as the basis for the creation of personalized phage therapy
{"title":"Identification and analysis of CRISPR/Cas systems structures in the genomes of antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae","authors":"L. A. Stepanenko, B. G. Sukhov, T. V. Kon’kova, V. V. Bedinskaya, N. V. Klushina, V. I. Zlobin","doi":"10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29413/abs.2023-8.6.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Klebsiella pneumoniae belongs to a group of opportunistic bacteria that can form multiple resistance to antibiotics and transmit it to various types of bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. These studies examine the structural and functional diversity of CRISPR/Cas systems that protect bacteria from foreign DNA. Their analysis using the example of antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae will demonstrate their resistance to certain bacteriophages, which will make it possible to develop approaches to the treatment of complex infectious diseases caused by these microorganisms by creating targeted phage therapy.The aim. To perform a bioinformatics analysis of the identified structural components of CRISPR/Cas systems for screening bacteriophages through CRISPR cassette spacers using the example of antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae.Materials and methods. The article analyzed 29 full-genome sequences of Klebsiella pneumoniae, in the genome of which the structures of CRISPR/Cas systems and antibiotic resistance genes were determined (according to NCBI). To achieve this goal, using software modeling methods, a search was made for Cas genes and CRISPR cassettes, and their structural and functional characteristics were given.Results. Using bioinformatic search algorithms in the genome of antibiotic-resistant strains, functionally active CRISPR/Cas systems with the presence of one or two CRISPR cassettes and belonging to Type I Subtype IE were identified. Groups of resistant strains with identical spacer composition of CRISPR cassettes have been identified. A phylogenetic analysis was carried out confirming their common origin. By analyzing the spacer sequences of CRISPR cassettes, the spectrum of diversity of phages of bacteria of the genus Klebsiella, Salmonella, belonging to the same family Enterobacteriaceae, was determined. Thus, information was obtained about the bacteriophages that are targeted by the action of CRISPR systems of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that have antibiotic resistance.Conclusions. Analysis of the functional and structural features of the CRISPR/Cas systems of antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains made it possible to obtain information about their evolutionary history and about the bacteriophages against which their action is directed, that is, about their phage resistance. The approach used in this study may further serve as the basis for the creation of personalized phage therapy","PeriodicalId":505136,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biomedica Scientifica","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139623441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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