Electric Power Systems Research最新文献_第8页

A novel four-dimensional composite sustainability index for grid-connected photovoltaic technologies 并网光伏技术的一种新型四维复合可持续性指数

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112655

Rasha Elazab

The growing role of photovoltaic (PV) technologies in sustainable power generation. However, existing evaluations largely emphasize technical and economic indicators, overlooking the holistic sustainability perspective required for robust decision-making. This study hypothesizes that a unified Composite Sustainability Index (CSI), integrating technical, economic, environmental, and social factors, can provide a more balanced and policy-relevant assessment of PV technologies. A clear methodological framework is developed, employing min–max normalization to ensure comparability of diverse indicators and a weighted sum model to reflect varying policy priorities. The framework is applied to three PV technologies, conventional PV, Dual-Axis Tracking PV DATPV, and Concentrated PV CPV, across three representative cities (Cairo, Berlin, and Beijing), under multiple weighting scenarios. Results show that DATPV consistently achieves the highest composite scores in Cairo and Berlin, while in Beijing both PV and CPV alternate as preferred technologies depending on scenario emphasis, confirming the decisive influence of context-specific weighting. The study concludes that the CSI provides an effective decision-support tool for policymakers, investors, and developers, enabling technology choices that align with local conditions while balancing technical performance, cost efficiency, sustainability targets, and social benefits.

光伏（PV）技术在可持续发电中的作用越来越大。然而，现有的评价主要强调技术和经济指标，忽视了强有力决策所需的整体可持续性观点。本研究假设一个综合了技术、经济、环境和社会因素的综合可持续发展指数（CSI）可以为光伏技术提供一个更加平衡和政策相关的评估。制定了明确的方法框架，采用最小-最大归一化来确保不同指标的可比性，并采用加权和模型来反映不同的政策优先事项。该框架在多个权重场景下应用于三个代表性城市（开罗、柏林和北京）的三种光伏技术，即传统光伏、双轴跟踪光伏和集中式光伏。结果表明，DATPV在开罗和柏林的综合得分最高，而在北京，PV和CPV都是首选技术，这取决于情景重点，证实了情境特定权重的决定性影响。该研究的结论是，CSI为决策者、投资者和开发商提供了有效的决策支持工具，使技术选择符合当地条件，同时平衡技术性能、成本效率、可持续性目标和社会效益。

{"title":"A novel four-dimensional composite sustainability index for grid-connected photovoltaic technologies","authors":"Rasha Elazab","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing role of photovoltaic (PV) technologies in sustainable power generation. However, existing evaluations largely emphasize technical and economic indicators, overlooking the holistic sustainability perspective required for robust decision-making. This study hypothesizes that a unified Composite Sustainability Index (CSI), integrating technical, economic, environmental, and social factors, can provide a more balanced and policy-relevant assessment of PV technologies. A clear methodological framework is developed, employing min–max normalization to ensure comparability of diverse indicators and a weighted sum model to reflect varying policy priorities. The framework is applied to three PV technologies, conventional PV, Dual-Axis Tracking PV DATPV, and Concentrated PV CPV, across three representative cities (Cairo, Berlin, and Beijing), under multiple weighting scenarios. Results show that DATPV consistently achieves the highest composite scores in Cairo and Berlin, while in Beijing both PV and CPV alternate as preferred technologies depending on scenario emphasis, confirming the decisive influence of context-specific weighting. The study concludes that the CSI provides an effective decision-support tool for policymakers, investors, and developers, enabling technology choices that align with local conditions while balancing technical performance, cost efficiency, sustainability targets, and social benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 112655"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-agent optimization of virtual power plant with shared energy storage under real-time price and green certificate joint trading 实时电价和绿色证书联合交易下共享储能虚拟电厂的多智能体优化

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112634

Junrui Feng, Dechang Yang

Under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, Virtual Power Plant (VPP) provides an effective solution for the centralized grid integration of distributed resources. To improve the overall revenue of the VPP and the active decision-making ability of source-load-storage, we propose a multi-agent collaborative optimization strategy of VPP with shared energy storage under green certificate joint trading and real-time price. Firstly, the VPP model with shared energy storage is established in a rural area. Then Stackelberg game model is constructed based on participating in the green certificate joint trading market, in which the upper VPP operator sets the energy price with the goal of maximizing profit, The lower user aggregator adjusts the energy use behavior to maximize revenue, and the adaptive differential evolution algorithm is used to solve the objective function until the interests of both parties reach an optimal equilibrium. The results show that the optimization strategy proposed in this paper can optimize the energy use strategy of VPP in real time while ensuring green and low-carbon operation, effectively weighing the interests of each subject, and balancing the economic and environmental benefits of the system.

在碳调峰和碳中和目标下，虚拟电厂为分布式资源的集中式并网提供了有效的解决方案。为了提高VPP的整体收益和源-负荷-储能的主动决策能力，提出了绿色证书联合交易和实时电价下共享储能VPP的多智能体协同优化策略。首先，在某农村地区建立了共享储能VPP模型；然后构建基于参与绿色证书联合交易市场的Stackelberg博弈模型，其中上层VPP运营者以利润最大化为目标设定能源价格，下层用户聚合者以收益最大化为目标调整能源使用行为，采用自适应差分进化算法求解目标函数，直至双方利益达到最优均衡。结果表明，本文提出的优化策略能够在保证绿色低碳运行的同时，实时优化VPP的能源利用策略，有效权衡各主体的利益，平衡系统的经济效益和环境效益。

{"title":"Multi-agent optimization of virtual power plant with shared energy storage under real-time price and green certificate joint trading","authors":"Junrui Feng, Dechang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, Virtual Power Plant (VPP) provides an effective solution for the centralized grid integration of distributed resources. To improve the overall revenue of the VPP and the active decision-making ability of source-load-storage, we propose a multi-agent collaborative optimization strategy of VPP with shared energy storage under green certificate joint trading and real-time price. Firstly, the VPP model with shared energy storage is established in a rural area. Then Stackelberg game model is constructed based on participating in the green certificate joint trading market, in which the upper VPP operator sets the energy price with the goal of maximizing profit, The lower user aggregator adjusts the energy use behavior to maximize revenue, and the adaptive differential evolution algorithm is used to solve the objective function until the interests of both parties reach an optimal equilibrium. The results show that the optimization strategy proposed in this paper can optimize the energy use strategy of VPP in real time while ensuring green and low-carbon operation, effectively weighing the interests of each subject, and balancing the economic and environmental benefits of the system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 112634"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Faulted phase selection method for system with VSG in compliance with new grid codes 符合新电网规范的VSG系统故障选相方法

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112614

Rui Luo, Fang Peng, Houlei Gao, Yifei Guo

Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs), as a form of grid-forming (GFM) control, are capable of improving grid dynamic performance. However, due to the positive- and negative-sequence reactive current generation (RCG) requirements imposed by the new grid codes during asymmetrical faults, VSGs may cause malfunctions in the current-angle-based phase selection method (PSM), which is widely used and was originally designed for synchronous generators (SGs). This paper proposes an enhanced PSM method that enables reliable phase selection while ensuring compliance with the RCG requirements. First, the relationship between the positive-sequence active current generated by the VSG and the value of

δ^{+}

(defined as the angle difference between the negative-sequence current and the superimposed positive-sequence current) is analyzed. Specifically, when the RCG requirements are satisfied, an increase in this current results in a decrease in the value of

δ^{+}

. Then, a method that rotates the fault-type zone by a specific angle is proposed, which simultaneously ensures compliance with the RCG requirements, proper PSM operation, and the VSG’s current limit. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through PSCAD simulations and RTDS experiments.

虚拟同步发电机作为电网成形控制的一种形式，能够改善电网的动态性能。然而，由于新电网规范对非对称故障时的正序和负序无功电流产生（RCG）的要求，非对称故障可能导致基于电流角的选相方法（PSM）出现故障，该方法最初是为同步发电机（SGs）设计的，目前应用广泛。本文提出了一种改进的PSM方法，可以在保证符合RCG要求的同时实现可靠的相位选择。首先，分析了VSG产生的正序有源电流与δ+值（定义为负序电流与叠加正序电流的夹角差）之间的关系。具体来说，当满足RCG要求时，该电流的增加导致δ+值的降低。在此基础上，提出了一种以特定角度旋转断层类型带的方法，在满足RCG要求的同时，保证了PSM的正常运行，并保证了VSG的限流。通过PSCAD仿真和RTDS实验对该方法的性能进行了评价。

{"title":"Faulted phase selection method for system with VSG in compliance with new grid codes","authors":"Rui Luo, Fang Peng, Houlei Gao, Yifei Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs), as a form of grid-forming (GFM) control, are capable of improving grid dynamic performance. However, due to the positive- and negative-sequence reactive current generation (RCG) requirements imposed by the new grid codes during asymmetrical faults, VSGs may cause malfunctions in the current-angle-based phase selection method (PSM), which is widely used and was originally designed for synchronous generators (SGs). This paper proposes an enhanced PSM method that enables reliable phase selection while ensuring compliance with the RCG requirements. First, the relationship between the positive-sequence active current generated by the VSG and the value of <span><math><msup><mi>δ</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math></span> (defined as the angle difference between the negative-sequence current and the superimposed positive-sequence current) is analyzed. Specifically, when the RCG requirements are satisfied, an increase in this current results in a decrease in the value of <span><math><msup><mi>δ</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math></span>. Then, a method that rotates the fault-type zone by a specific angle is proposed, which simultaneously ensures compliance with the RCG requirements, proper PSM operation, and the VSG’s current limit. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through PSCAD simulations and RTDS experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 112614"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Power allocation strategy of multi-stack PEM electrolyzer for photovoltaic-hydrogen system considering the degradation of components in the electrolyzer 考虑电解槽内部件退化的光伏-氢系统多堆PEM电解槽功率分配策略

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112653

Xianjun Qi, Mengjie Gong, Jingjing Zhang, Hejun Yang

To minimize the degradation of the multi-stack proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL) in the photovoltaic-hydrogen system, this paper proposes a novel power allocation strategy of the multi-stack PEMEL considering the degradation of components in the PEMEL. Firstly, the degradation models of the PEM and the bipolar plate & porous transport layer (BP&PTL) are constructed based on the change rules for area resistances of the PEM and the BP&PTL. Subsequently, the power allocation optimization model of the multi-stack PEMEL is constructed to minimize the total area resistance increment of the multi-stack PEMEL as the optimization objective. Finally, the PEMEL rotation strategy is formulated to set the rotation startup constraints based on the area resistance increment of each PEMEL. In comparison to other typical power allocation strategies, the simulation results indicate that the strategy in this paper significantly reduces degradation, achieving the lowest area resistance increments of 1.8095, 1.8087, 1.8079, and 1.8091 Ω∙cm² across the four PEMELs. Furthermore, the strategy in this paper hardly compromises hydrogen production or PV power utilization rate.

为了最大限度地减少光伏-氢系统中多层质子交换膜电解槽（PEMEL）的退化，本文提出了一种考虑电池组件退化的多层质子交换膜电解槽功率分配策略。首先，根据PEM和BP&；PTL的面积电阻变化规律，建立PEM和双极板多孔传输层（BP&；PTL）的退化模型；随后，以使多层PEMEL的总面积阻力增量最小为优化目标，构建了多层PEMEL的功率分配优化模型。最后，制定了PEMEL旋转策略，根据每个PEMEL的面积阻力增量设置旋转启动约束。与其他典型的功率分配策略相比，仿真结果表明，本文策略显著降低了退化，在四个pemel中实现了1.8095、1.8087、1.8079和1.8091 Ω∙cm2的最小面积电阻增量。此外，本文的策略几乎不影响制氢或光伏发电利用率。

{"title":"Power allocation strategy of multi-stack PEM electrolyzer for photovoltaic-hydrogen system considering the degradation of components in the electrolyzer","authors":"Xianjun Qi, Mengjie Gong, Jingjing Zhang, Hejun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To minimize the degradation of the multi-stack proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL) in the photovoltaic-hydrogen system, this paper proposes a novel power allocation strategy of the multi-stack PEMEL considering the degradation of components in the PEMEL. Firstly, the degradation models of the PEM and the bipolar plate & porous transport layer (BP&PTL) are constructed based on the change rules for area resistances of the PEM and the BP&PTL. Subsequently, the power allocation optimization model of the multi-stack PEMEL is constructed to minimize the total area resistance increment of the multi-stack PEMEL as the optimization objective. Finally, the PEMEL rotation strategy is formulated to set the rotation startup constraints based on the area resistance increment of each PEMEL. In comparison to other typical power allocation strategies, the simulation results indicate that the strategy in this paper significantly reduces degradation, achieving the lowest area resistance increments of 1.8095, 1.8087, 1.8079, and 1.8091 Ω∙cm<sup>2</sup> across the four PEMELs. Furthermore, the strategy in this paper hardly compromises hydrogen production or PV power utilization rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 112653"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of wind turbine grounding systems: performance evaluation of simple ring and square mesh configurations under constant total electrode length and occupied area conditions 风电机组接地系统的优化：在电极总长度和占用面积不变的条件下，简单环网和方网配置的性能评估

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112642

Omid Heydari, Hassan Moradi, Shahram Karimi, Hamdi Abdi

Grounding systems in wind turbines protect electrical equipment and personnel from fault currents and lightning strikes. This study compares simple ring and square mesh grounding systems with varying the number of parallel electrodes under two scenarios: constant total electrode length and constant occupied area. Analyses used uniform lightning conditions, burial depths, and two-layer soil models with low and relatively high specific resistivities. Simulations employed CDEGS software, with Python for post-processing and data analysis. The key parameter evaluated was the Ground Potential Rise, expressed in volts (V), which under a Fixed-A, the number of parallel electrodes further reduces it, and under a Fixed-L_T, the results vary and do not always reduce it. In relatively high specific soil resistivity with constant total electrode length, the simple ring configuration is more efficient due to uniform current distribution and lower ground resistance. In low-specific soil resistivity, square mesh with parallel electrodes (e.g., 3  ×  3, 4  ×  4) performs better by balancing discharge paths and current dispersion, lowering peak voltages. In constant occupied area scenarios, the 9  ×  9 mesh is optimal, improving current distribution and reducing peak voltages with more electrodes. The simple ring configuration performs worst in constant occupied area scenarios due to inefficient space use.

风力涡轮机的接地系统保护电气设备和人员免受故障电流和雷击。本研究比较了在电极总长度不变和占用面积不变两种情况下，具有不同平行电极数量的简单环形和方形网格接地系统。分析使用均匀闪电条件、埋藏深度和具有低比电阻率和相对高比电阻率的双层土壤模型。仿真采用CDEGS软件，用Python进行后处理和数据分析。评估的关键参数是地电位上升，以伏特(V)表示，在固定a下，并联电极的数量进一步降低了地电位上升，而在固定lt下，结果变化，并不总是降低地电位上升。在土壤电阻率较高且电极总长度不变的情况下，由于电流分布均匀且接地电阻较低，简单的环结构效率更高。在低比土壤电阻率条件下，具有平行电极的方形网格（例如3  ×  3,4  ×  4）通过平衡放电路径和电流色散，降低峰值电压而表现更好。在占用面积不变的情况下，9  ×  9网格是最优的，可以通过更多电极改善电流分布并降低峰值电压。由于空间使用效率低下，在占用面积不变的情况下，简单环配置的性能最差。

{"title":"Optimization of wind turbine grounding systems: performance evaluation of simple ring and square mesh configurations under constant total electrode length and occupied area conditions","authors":"Omid Heydari, Hassan Moradi, Shahram Karimi, Hamdi Abdi","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grounding systems in wind turbines protect electrical equipment and personnel from fault currents and lightning strikes. This study compares simple ring and square mesh grounding systems with varying the number of parallel electrodes under two scenarios: constant total electrode length and constant occupied area. Analyses used uniform lightning conditions, burial depths, and two-layer soil models with low and relatively high specific resistivities. Simulations employed CDEGS software, with Python for post-processing and data analysis. The key parameter evaluated was the Ground Potential Rise, expressed in volts (V), which under a Fixed-<em>A</em>, the number of parallel electrodes further reduces it, and under a Fixed-<em>L<sub>T</sub></em>, the results vary and do not always reduce it. In relatively high specific soil resistivity with constant total electrode length, the simple ring configuration is more efficient due to uniform current distribution and lower ground resistance. In low-specific soil resistivity, square mesh with parallel electrodes (e.g., 3  ×  3, 4  ×  4) performs better by balancing discharge paths and current dispersion, lowering peak voltages. In constant occupied area scenarios, the 9  ×  9 mesh is optimal, improving current distribution and reducing peak voltages with more electrodes. The simple ring configuration performs worst in constant occupied area scenarios due to inefficient space use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 112642"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wind turbine fault diagnosis with fractional differencing-based feature enhancement and ensemble learning 基于分数阶差分特征增强和集成学习的风电机组故障诊断

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112630

Donglai Wei , Zhongda Tian , Witold Pedrycz

Fault detection in wind turbines is vital for ensuring safe and reliable wind farm operations, and has become a key research direction in data-driven condition monitoring. However, Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) data are often high-dimensional, redundant, and nonstationary, which complicates accurate fault classification. To address these issues, this study proposes a data-driven ensemble framework to improve classification accuracy and robustness. eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) combined with mean absolute shapley additive explanations value is first used to rank feature importance, and the top six features at the performance saturation point are selected as inputs. Subsequently, a grid search is performed on the validation set to jointly determine the number of features to enhance and the optimal fractional differencing order d. Finally, an ensemble classifier integrating long short-term memory, light gradient boosting machine, and XGBoost is constructed based on the enhanced features. Experimental results on SCADA datasets show that the proposed method achieves an accuracy of 99.50 %, representing a relative improvement of 8.52 % compared to the baseline XGBoost model (91.69 %). The results confirm that the method outperforms other models in both accuracy and robustness, providing a reliable approach for enhancing the safety and stability of wind farm operations.

风力发电机组故障检测是保证风电场安全可靠运行的关键，已成为数据驱动状态监测的重要研究方向。然而，监控与数据采集（SCADA）数据通常是高维、冗余和非平稳的，这使得准确的故障分类变得复杂。为了解决这些问题，本研究提出了一个数据驱动的集成框架，以提高分类精度和鲁棒性。首先利用极限梯度提升（eXtreme Gradient Boosting, XGBoost）结合shapley绝对解释均值对特征重要性进行排序，选择性能饱和点前6个特征作为输入。随后，对验证集进行网格搜索，共同确定需要增强的特征个数和最优分数阶差分阶数d。最后，基于增强特征构建长短期记忆、轻梯度增强机和XGBoost集成的集成分类器。在SCADA数据集上的实验结果表明，该方法的准确率达到99.50%，相对于基线XGBoost模型（91.69%）提高了8.52%。结果表明，该方法在准确性和鲁棒性方面都优于其他模型，为提高风电场运行的安全性和稳定性提供了可靠的方法。

{"title":"Wind turbine fault diagnosis with fractional differencing-based feature enhancement and ensemble learning","authors":"Donglai Wei , Zhongda Tian , Witold Pedrycz","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fault detection in wind turbines is vital for ensuring safe and reliable wind farm operations, and has become a key research direction in data-driven condition monitoring. However, Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) data are often high-dimensional, redundant, and nonstationary, which complicates accurate fault classification. To address these issues, this study proposes a data-driven ensemble framework to improve classification accuracy and robustness. eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) combined with mean absolute shapley additive explanations value is first used to rank feature importance, and the top six features at the performance saturation point are selected as inputs. Subsequently, a grid search is performed on the validation set to jointly determine the number of features to enhance and the optimal fractional differencing order <em>d</em>. Finally, an ensemble classifier integrating long short-term memory, light gradient boosting machine, and XGBoost is constructed based on the enhanced features. Experimental results on SCADA datasets show that the proposed method achieves an accuracy of 99.50 %, representing a relative improvement of 8.52 % compared to the baseline XGBoost model (91.69 %). The results confirm that the method outperforms other models in both accuracy and robustness, providing a reliable approach for enhancing the safety and stability of wind farm operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 112630"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of ice coating on thermal characteristics of pantograph-catenary arc and power quality of traction drive system 覆冰对受电弓接触网电弧热特性及牵引传动系统电能质量的影响

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112665

Guizao Huang, Tongxin Ma, Yuxin Liu, Zheng Li, Guoqiang Gao, Guangning Wu

The contact between pantograph and catenary lines with current flow is the sole means through which high-speed trains obtain electrical energy. The catenary system is prone to ice accretion in cold environments, which can induce severe vibrations and pantograph–catenary detachment. The resulting arcing not only produces substantial heat that accelerates the erosion of both the pantograph strip and the contact wire, but also exerts a significant adverse influence on the power quality of the traction drive system. In this study, a novel model combined with pantograph-catenary dynamic model, arc model as well as an equivalent model of the traction drive system is established to investigate the thermal characteristics of offline arcs caused by ice accretion and its impact on the power quality of traction drive system. The results indicate that more severe icing conditions lead to stronger offline arcing and consequently more pronounced erosion of the pantograph–catenary system. Moreover, overvoltage and harmonic distortion caused by the arcing further deteriorate the electrical energy quality. Under extreme conditions, the total harmonic distortion (THD) at the onboard transformer can reach up to 15 %, posing a significant threat to the safe operation of the train. This study provides the first insight into pantograph–catenary arcing under icing conditions and its influence on the traction system, offering valuable guidance for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of high-speed rail systems.

受电弓与接触网线的接触是高速列车获取电能的唯一途径。在寒冷的环境中，接触网系统容易结冰，这可能导致剧烈的振动和受电弓接触网脱离。由此产生的电弧不仅产生了大量的热量，加速了受电弓带和接触线的侵蚀，而且对牵引传动系统的电能质量产生了重大的不利影响。本研究结合受电弓-接触网动力学模型、电弧模型以及牵引驱动系统等效模型，建立了一种新型模型，研究了结冰引起的离线电弧的热特性及其对牵引驱动系统电能质量的影响。结果表明，越严重的结冰条件导致越强的离线电弧，从而导致越明显的受电弓-接触网系统的侵蚀。此外，电弧引起的过电压和谐波畸变进一步恶化了电能质量。在极端条件下，车载变压器的总谐波失真（THD）可达15%，对列车的安全运行构成重大威胁。该研究首次揭示了受电弓接触网在结冰条件下的电弧现象及其对牵引系统的影响，为保障高速铁路系统的安全可靠运行提供了有价值的指导。

{"title":"Effect of ice coating on thermal characteristics of pantograph-catenary arc and power quality of traction drive system","authors":"Guizao Huang, Tongxin Ma, Yuxin Liu, Zheng Li, Guoqiang Gao, Guangning Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The contact between pantograph and catenary lines with current flow is the sole means through which high-speed trains obtain electrical energy. The catenary system is prone to ice accretion in cold environments, which can induce severe vibrations and pantograph–catenary detachment. The resulting arcing not only produces substantial heat that accelerates the erosion of both the pantograph strip and the contact wire, but also exerts a significant adverse influence on the power quality of the traction drive system. In this study, a novel model combined with pantograph-catenary dynamic model, arc model as well as an equivalent model of the traction drive system is established to investigate the thermal characteristics of offline arcs caused by ice accretion and its impact on the power quality of traction drive system. The results indicate that more severe icing conditions lead to stronger offline arcing and consequently more pronounced erosion of the pantograph–catenary system. Moreover, overvoltage and harmonic distortion caused by the arcing further deteriorate the electrical energy quality. Under extreme conditions, the total harmonic distortion (THD) at the onboard transformer can reach up to 15 %, posing a significant threat to the safe operation of the train. This study provides the first insight into pantograph–catenary arcing under icing conditions and its influence on the traction system, offering valuable guidance for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of high-speed rail systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 112665"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fault-resilient protection for PV integrated microgrid discriminating source and line faults using stationary wavelet transform and optimized ensemble classifier 基于平稳小波变换和优化集成分类器的光伏集成微网源线故障容错保护

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112641

Raushan Kumar , Amit Kumar , S.K. Parida

The widespread adoption of photovoltaic (PV)-integrated microgrids, driven by the pursuit of sustainable energy and reduced carbon emissions, necessitates robust fault protection strategies to maintain system stability. Conventional relays often struggle to distinguish shunt faults in distribution lines from source-side faults in PV arrays and inverters, which exhibit overlapping voltage-current profile, leading to delayed or erroneous responses. To overcome this challenge, this paper proposes a fault-resilient protection scheme based on Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) for enhanced signal analysis. The approach employs third-level SWT decomposition on single-end voltage and current measurements to derive standard deviation-based features, which serve as inputs to a Bagging Tree ensemble classifier optimized via the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm, yielding an Optimal Bagging Tree (OBT) model. Extensive simulations on a 750-case dataset (500-line faults, 200 source faults, 50 no-fault scenarios in each mode) demonstrate the SWT-OBT scheme's superior performance thus achieving detection accuracies of 99.68% and 97.68% under the grid-connected and islanded modes respectively. By leveraging SWT's shift-invariance and GWO-tuned hyperparameters, the proposed method ensures rapid fault isolation and reliable operation in both modes, significantly improving microgrid resilience and efficiency compared to traditional relays.

在追求可持续能源和减少碳排放的驱动下，光伏（PV）集成微电网的广泛采用需要强大的故障保护策略来维持系统的稳定性。传统的继电器往往难以区分配电线路中的分流故障与光伏阵列和逆变器中的源侧故障，后者表现出重叠的电压电流分布，导致延迟或错误的响应。为了克服这一挑战，本文提出了一种基于平稳小波变换（SWT）的故障恢复保护方案，用于增强信号分析。该方法采用单端电压和电流测量的三级SWT分解来获得基于标准差的特征，这些特征作为通过灰狼优化（GWO）算法优化的Bagging Tree集成分类器的输入，从而产生最优Bagging Tree （OBT）模型。在750例数据集（每种模式下500行故障、200个源故障和50个无故障场景）上进行的大量仿真表明，SWT-OBT方案具有优异的性能，并网模式和孤岛模式下的检测准确率分别达到99.68%和97.68%。通过利用SWT的移位不变性和gwo调谐超参数，该方法确保了两种模式下的快速故障隔离和可靠运行，与传统继电器相比，显著提高了微电网的弹性和效率。

{"title":"Fault-resilient protection for PV integrated microgrid discriminating source and line faults using stationary wavelet transform and optimized ensemble classifier","authors":"Raushan Kumar , Amit Kumar , S.K. Parida","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread adoption of photovoltaic (PV)-integrated microgrids, driven by the pursuit of sustainable energy and reduced carbon emissions, necessitates robust fault protection strategies to maintain system stability. Conventional relays often struggle to distinguish shunt faults in distribution lines from source-side faults in PV arrays and inverters, which exhibit overlapping voltage-current profile, leading to delayed or erroneous responses. To overcome this challenge, this paper proposes a fault-resilient protection scheme based on Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) for enhanced signal analysis. The approach employs third-level SWT decomposition on single-end voltage and current measurements to derive standard deviation-based features, which serve as inputs to a Bagging Tree ensemble classifier optimized via the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm, yielding an Optimal Bagging Tree (OBT) model. Extensive simulations on a 750-case dataset (500-line faults, 200 source faults, 50 no-fault scenarios in each mode) demonstrate the SWT-OBT scheme's superior performance thus achieving detection accuracies of 99.68% and 97.68% under the grid-connected and islanded modes respectively. By leveraging SWT's shift-invariance and GWO-tuned hyperparameters, the proposed method ensures rapid fault isolation and reliable operation in both modes, significantly improving microgrid resilience and efficiency compared to traditional relays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 112641"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of extreme ambient temperatures on electro-thermal fields of valve-side bushings under actual operating conditions 极端环境温度对实际工况下阀边衬套电热场的影响

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112643

Wanhao Shi , Gaoyi Shang , Minjie Li , Zijie Mei , Dingqian Yang , Xuandong Liu

As a critical component in power systems, dry-type valve-side bushings experience frequent insulation accidents under severe challenges from extreme ambient temperatures. However, this extreme operating condition has not been adequately considered in existing studies. This paper establishes a novel electro-thermal coupling model for ±800 kV dry-type valve-side bushings by COMSOL Multiphysics, analyzing the effects of valve hall layouts, ambient temperature, and load rate. The results indicate that under high ambient temperature, the simplified model neglecting valve hall layout reduces the innermost and outermost core temperatures by 7.5 % and 29.1 %, respectively, and increases the outermost electric field by 10.4 %; under low ambient temperature, these deviations become 17.7 %, 284.1 %, and 5.1 %. The simplified model underestimates core temperature and overestimates the electric field, causing deviations in the core’s current-carrying and insulation design that compromise reliability. Valve hall layout significantly impacts bushing electrothermal fields and must be included in simulations. Under low ambient temperature, the bushing core exhibits larger radial temperature differences and greater electric-field distortion, creating exceptionally severe operating conditions demanding sufficient attention; Under extreme ambient temperatures, the bushing’s hot spot temperature, radial temperature difference, and electric-field distortion rate all increase with load rate, which requires strengthened monitoring under overload conditions.

干式阀侧套管作为电力系统的关键部件，在极端环境温度的严峻挑战下，经常发生绝缘事故。然而，在现有的研究中，这种极端的操作条件并没有得到充分的考虑。利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件建立了±800 kV干式阀端套管的新型热电耦合模型，分析了阀厅布置、环境温度和负负荷对阀端套管热电耦合的影响。结果表明：在高温环境下，忽略阀厅布置的简化模型使最内层和最外层的堆芯温度分别降低7.5%和29.1%，使最外层的电场增大10.4%；在较低的环境温度下，这些偏差分别为17.7%、284.1%和5.1%。简化模型低估了铁芯温度，高估了电场，导致铁芯载流和绝缘设计出现偏差，从而降低了可靠性。阀厅布置对衬套电热场有显著影响，必须在仿真中考虑。在较低的环境温度下，套管芯表现出较大的径向温差和较大的电场畸变，造成异常恶劣的操作条件，需要足够的注意；在极端环境温度下，衬套的热点温度、径向温差、电场畸变率均随负荷率的增大而增大，需要在过载条件下加强监测。

{"title":"Effects of extreme ambient temperatures on electro-thermal fields of valve-side bushings under actual operating conditions","authors":"Wanhao Shi , Gaoyi Shang , Minjie Li , Zijie Mei , Dingqian Yang , Xuandong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a critical component in power systems, dry-type valve-side bushings experience frequent insulation accidents under severe challenges from extreme ambient temperatures. However, this extreme operating condition has not been adequately considered in existing studies. This paper establishes a novel electro-thermal coupling model for ±800 kV dry-type valve-side bushings by COMSOL Multiphysics, analyzing the effects of valve hall layouts, ambient temperature, and load rate. The results indicate that under high ambient temperature, the simplified model neglecting valve hall layout reduces the innermost and outermost core temperatures by 7.5 % and 29.1 %, respectively, and increases the outermost electric field by 10.4 %; under low ambient temperature, these deviations become 17.7 %, 284.1 %, and 5.1 %. The simplified model underestimates core temperature and overestimates the electric field, causing deviations in the core’s current-carrying and insulation design that compromise reliability. Valve hall layout significantly impacts bushing electrothermal fields and must be included in simulations. Under low ambient temperature, the bushing core exhibits larger radial temperature differences and greater electric-field distortion, creating exceptionally severe operating conditions demanding sufficient attention; Under extreme ambient temperatures, the bushing’s hot spot temperature, radial temperature difference, and electric-field distortion rate all increase with load rate, which requires strengthened monitoring under overload conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 112643"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resilient control of a building scale DC microgrid in the presence of attacks 建筑物规模直流微电网在攻击情况下的弹性控制

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112586

Muhammad Nasir , Fei Gao , Muhammad Mansoor Khan , Zahoor Ahmed , Kawsar Ali

Resilient control strategies are vital to ensure equal power sharing in microgrids operating under uncertain conditions. Although various resilient control methods have been proposed, equal power distribution remains a significant challenge due to factors such as cyber-attacks, load fluctuations, and communication delays. This study proposes a resilient Quasi-H_∞ consensus control framework to address these issues. To achieve this, the following steps are undertaken: 1) first, the microgrid is modeled as a continuous-time system, and a tuning method is implemented to enhance its performance and robustness. 2) A Quasi-H_∞ resilient controller is designed to mitigate the impact of integrity attacks without removing compromised microgrid converters. 3) A generalized control approach is developed to enable adaptation across other power system domains. The proposed method not only ensures equal power sharing but also improves dynamic performance under integrity attacks, load variations, and communication delays. Finally, simulation results validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control strategy.

弹性控制策略对于确保在不确定条件下运行的微电网的平等电力共享至关重要。尽管已经提出了各种弹性控制方法，但由于网络攻击、负载波动和通信延迟等因素，均衡功率分配仍然是一个重大挑战。本研究提出了一个弹性的准h∞共识控制框架来解决这些问题。为了实现这一目标，需要采取以下步骤：1)首先，将微电网建模为连续时间系统，并实施一种调谐方法来增强其性能和鲁棒性。2)设计了一种准h∞弹性控制器，在不移除受损微电网变流器的情况下减轻完整性攻击的影响。3)开发了一种通用的控制方法，使其能够适应其他电力系统领域。该方法不仅保证了均衡的功率共享，而且提高了在完整性攻击、负载变化和通信延迟情况下的动态性能。仿真结果验证了所提控制策略的有效性和鲁棒性。

{"title":"Resilient control of a building scale DC microgrid in the presence of attacks","authors":"Muhammad Nasir , Fei Gao , Muhammad Mansoor Khan , Zahoor Ahmed , Kawsar Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resilient control strategies are vital to ensure equal power sharing in microgrids operating under uncertain conditions. Although various resilient control methods have been proposed, equal power distribution remains a significant challenge due to factors such as cyber-attacks, load fluctuations, and communication delays. This study proposes a resilient Quasi-<em>H</em><sub>∞</sub> consensus control framework to address these issues. To achieve this, the following steps are undertaken: 1) first, the microgrid is modeled as a continuous-time system, and a tuning method is implemented to enhance its performance and robustness. 2) A Quasi-<em>H</em><sub>∞</sub> resilient controller is designed to mitigate the impact of integrity attacks without removing compromised microgrid converters. 3) A generalized control approach is developed to enable adaptation across other power system domains. The proposed method not only ensures equal power sharing but also improves dynamic performance under integrity attacks, load variations, and communication delays. Finally, simulation results validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 112586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0