Ecological Complexity最新文献_第2页

Accelerating ecosystem monitoring through computer vision with deep metric learning 通过深度度量学习的计算机视觉加速生态系统监测

IF 3.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Complexity

Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2025.101124

Yurika Oba, Hideyuki Doi

Significant progress has been made in the application of deep learning models to ecosystem monitoring. Deep learning has opened up new opportunities in the interpretation of ecological data, such as detecting and identifying objects in images and acoustic monitoring analysis. However, these have created new challenges, such as the need to further improve the efficiency of data processing due to the increasing volume of data, the need for more advanced feature extraction methods due to the complexity of data characteristics, and limitations of available annotated data. In this study, we focused on deep metric learning as a new application for environmental observation data to overcome these challenges. The extraction of features such as patterns and changes from large and complex environmental observation data using a deep metric learning approach may provide new opportunities for monitoring ecosystems experiencing unprecedented loads from climate change and human activities. While these methods demonstrate the potential of deep metric learning for flora and fauna and various datasets, they also suggest challenges to overcome, such as the need for more valid training datasets, diverse data collection, training time proportional to the data volume, and the identification of unknown classes. We expect that deep metric learning will be a powerful tool for various ecosystem monitoring systems, from remote sensing of wide-area data to ecological data obtained through field surveys.

深度学习模型在生态系统监测中的应用取得了重大进展。深度学习为解释生态数据开辟了新的机会，例如检测和识别图像中的物体以及声学监测分析。然而，这些都带来了新的挑战，例如由于数据量的增加需要进一步提高数据处理的效率，由于数据特征的复杂性需要更先进的特征提取方法，以及可用的注释数据的局限性。在本研究中，我们将深度度量学习作为一种新的环境观测数据应用来克服这些挑战。利用深度度量学习方法从大型和复杂的环境观测数据中提取模式和变化等特征，可能为监测遭受气候变化和人类活动前所未有负荷的生态系统提供新的机会。虽然这些方法展示了动植物和各种数据集的深度度量学习的潜力，但它们也提出了需要克服的挑战，例如需要更有效的训练数据集，多样化的数据收集，与数据量成比例的训练时间，以及未知类别的识别。我们期望深度度量学习将成为各种生态系统监测系统的强大工具，从广域数据的遥感到通过实地调查获得的生态数据。

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引用次数: 0

What do functional diversity, redundancy, rarity, and originality actually measure? A theoretical guide for ecologists and conservationists 功能多样性、冗余性、稀有性和原创性实际上衡量的是什么？生态学家和自然资源保护主义者的理论指南

IF 3.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Complexity

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2025.101116

Carlo Ricotta , Sandrine Pavoine

Functional diversity, redundancy, rarity, and originality (or distinctiveness) are fundamental concepts in ecology and conservation biology. Despite their frequent use, the precise meaning and relationships between these measures are often unclear. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical framework to elucidate what each of these measures captures and how they interrelate. By integrating traditional community-level diversity metrics with species-level specificity measures derived from fuzzy set theory, we bridge the gap between these concepts. Our framework reveals that while all four measures address distinct aspects of community-level and species-level functional resemblance, they can all be traced back to a common conceptual and formal background. This guide is intended to help ecologists and conservationists understand the meaning of these measures and apply them more effectively in their research and conservation strategies.

功能多样性、冗余性、稀有性和独创性（或独特性）是生态学和保护生物学的基本概念。尽管这些概念经常被使用，但其确切含义和相互之间的关系往往并不明确。本文旨在提供一个全面的理论框架，以阐明这些度量指标各自的含义及其相互关系。通过将传统的群落级多样性指标与源自模糊集理论的物种级特异性指标相结合，我们弥合了这些概念之间的差距。我们的框架显示，虽然所有四种测量方法都涉及群落水平和物种水平功能相似性的不同方面，但它们都可以追溯到共同的概念和形式背景。本指南旨在帮助生态学家和保护工作者理解这些测量方法的含义，并在研究和保护策略中更有效地应用它们。

引用次数: 0

Deterministic and stochastic plankton dynamics: Effects of contamination, refuge, and additional food sources 确定性和随机浮游生物动力学：污染、避难所和额外食物来源的影响

IF 3.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Complexity

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2025.101117

Bapin Mondal , Sayan Mandal , Pankaj Kumar Tiwari , Hao Wang , Pablo Venegas Garcia

Studying plankton systems encompasses different interests, including understanding ecological cycles and developing sustainable strategies in aquaculture research regarding food security. Zooplankton farming is economically valuable, and its production may depend primarily on the availability of phytoplankton and other external food sources. However, diverse factors may affect overall phytoplankton–zooplankton interactions. For example, phytoplankton’s defense mechanisms, such as finding refuge and releasing toxins or low phytoplankton’s sustainable environments, can decrease zooplankton populations. Another critical factor is the adverse effects of pollution on plankton systems, which are more frequently present in water bodies. Still, zooplankton may survive harsh conditions if present pollutants are in low concentrations and external sources, including animal waste, are available. The partial understanding of these trophic interactions depends on initial assumptions, and using stochastic approaches may reduce the gap between deterministic mathematical outcomes and reality. In this work, we have mathematically described a planktonic system under the above assumptions using a deterministic model as well as its stochastic version. Our findings suggest that zooplankton growth is possible under polluted environments by providing them with external food sources, complementing phytoplankton availability. However, in these circumstances, random external environmental factors may cause the phytoplankton population to collapse. Through stochastic numerical experiments, we estimate which possible scenarios are more likely to induce phytoplankton extinction in these plankton systems.

研究浮游生物系统包含不同的兴趣，包括了解生态循环和在水产养殖研究中制定与粮食安全有关的可持续战略。浮游动物养殖具有经济价值，其生产可能主要取决于浮游植物和其他外部食物来源的可用性。然而，多种因素可能影响浮游植物-浮游动物的整体相互作用。例如，浮游植物的防御机制，如寻找避难所和释放毒素或低浮游植物的可持续环境，可以减少浮游动物的数量。另一个关键因素是污染对浮游生物系统的不利影响，这些系统更经常出现在水体中。尽管如此，如果目前污染物浓度较低，并且有外部来源，包括动物粪便，浮游动物可以在恶劣的条件下生存。对这些营养相互作用的部分理解取决于初始假设，使用随机方法可以减少确定性数学结果与现实之间的差距。在这项工作中，我们使用确定性模型及其随机版本在上述假设下对浮游系统进行了数学描述。我们的研究结果表明，通过为浮游动物提供外部食物来源，补充浮游植物的可用性，浮游动物在污染环境下生长是可能的。然而，在这种情况下，随机的外部环境因素可能导致浮游植物种群的崩溃。通过随机数值实验，我们估计了在这些浮游生物系统中哪些可能的情景更有可能导致浮游植物灭绝。

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引用次数: 0

Ecological and environmental factors influencing exclusion patterns of phytoplankton size classes in lake systems 影响湖泊系统浮游植物大小分类排斥格局的生态环境因子

IF 3.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Complexity

Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101115

Sze-Wing To , Esteban Acevedo-Trejos , Sherwood Lan Smith , Subhendu Chakraborty , Agostino Merico

For decades, ecologists have been intrigued by the paradoxical coexistence of a wide range of phytoplankton types on a seemingly limited number of resources. The interactions between environmental conditions and trade-offs emerging from eco-physiological traits of phytoplankton are typically proposed to explain coexistence. The number of coexisting types over ecological time scales reflects what we call here ‘exclusion patterns’, that is, the temporal removal of certain phytoplankton types due to competition. Despite many observational and mathematical modelling efforts over the last two decades, we still know surprisingly little, in quantitative terms, about how the interplay of nutrient regimes and specific zooplankton grazing strategies affects the exclusion patterns of competing phytoplankton types. Phytoplankton types can be distinguished according to many different traits. Among various morphological traits, phytoplankton cell size is considered one of the most meaningful in explaining crucial eco-physiological processes, including nutrient uptake and zooplankton grazing. Here we use a size-based plankton model to investigate exclusion patterns of phytoplankton size classes over ecological time scales and under varying environmental conditions. We performed numerical experiments under different allometric scaling relationships, different combinations of specialist and generalist grazing strategies, different inorganic nutrient regimes, and different mixing frequencies. We quantified exclusion patterns by using two metrics: (1) coexistence, defined here as the average number of size classes present over the first 30 days of the simulations, and (2) exclusion time scale, defined here as the time required to outcompete 80 % of the size classes present in the system at the beginning of the simulations. Under low nutrient regimes, we found that the impact of grazing on the exclusion patterns of phytoplankton was almost negligible. Under high nutrient regimes, different exclusion patterns emerged depending on the grazing strategy. When the community of zooplankton was dominated by generalist grazers, we found higher coexistence and longer exclusion time scales of phytoplankton size classes than when the community of zooplankton was dominated by specialist grazers. We further found that the combined effects of grazing strategies and allometric relationships on the size structure of the phytoplankton community were significant and non-trivial. We thus argue that plankton models disregarding these processes may miss relevant drivers of phytoplankton community assembly and trait diversity.

几十年来，生态学家一直对各种浮游植物在看似有限的资源上的矛盾共存感兴趣。环境条件与浮游植物生态生理特性之间的相互作用通常被用来解释共存。生态时间尺度上共存类型的数量反映了我们所谓的“排除模式”，即由于竞争而导致某些浮游植物类型的暂时消失。尽管在过去二十年中进行了许多观测和数学建模工作，但从定量角度来看，我们对营养体制和特定浮游动物放牧策略如何相互作用影响竞争浮游植物类型的排斥模式仍然知之甚少。浮游植物的种类可以根据许多不同的特征来区分。在各种形态特征中，浮游植物的细胞大小被认为是解释营养吸收和浮游动物放牧等重要生理生态过程的最有意义的特征之一。在这里，我们使用基于浮游植物大小的模型来研究浮游植物大小类别在生态时间尺度和不同环境条件下的排斥模式。在不同异速生长尺度关系、不同放牧策略组合、不同无机营养体系和不同混合频率下进行了数值实验。我们通过使用两个指标来量化排除模式：(1)共存，在这里定义为模拟前30天内出现的大小类别的平均数量；(2)排除时间尺度，在这里定义为在模拟开始时超过系统中存在的80%大小类别所需的时间。在低营养条件下，我们发现放牧对浮游植物排斥模式的影响几乎可以忽略不计。在高营养条件下，不同的放牧策略出现了不同的排斥模式。当浮游动物群落以通才食草动物为主时，浮游植物大小类别的共存率较高，排斥时间尺度较专一食草动物为主时长。我们进一步发现，放牧策略和异速生长关系对浮游植物群落大小结构的综合影响是显著的，而且不是微不足道的。因此，我们认为忽视这些过程的浮游生物模型可能会错过浮游植物群落组装和性状多样性的相关驱动因素。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing maximum sustainable yield in a patchy prey–predator environment 在猎物与食肉动物混杂的环境中提高最大持续产量

IF 3.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Complexity

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101107

Bilel Elbetch , Ali Moussaoui

In this paper, we investigate a prey–predator community of fish coexisting in a multi-patches model, where different fishing patches are interconnected through migration terms. Only the predator is caught, while the prey grows logistically on each patch. The main objective of our research is to compare the maximum sustainable yield achieved in two contrasting scenarios: unconnected patches and connected patches with rapid stock movements. We show that the total maximum sustainable yield for the connected patches can be greater than the sum of the maximum sustainable yield on each isolated patch. The analysis of the model allows us to establish the conditions under which one of the two cases is more favorable from the viewpoint of yield. As a result, we provide a complete classification for all possible cases. This valuable information can be used to assist decision-makers in selecting the best management strategy for a particular fishery.

在本文中，我们研究了一个在多斑块模型中共存的鱼类捕食者群落，在这个模型中，不同的捕鱼斑块通过洄游条件相互连接。只有捕食者会被捕获，而猎物则在每个渔场上顺理成章地生长。我们研究的主要目的是比较在两种截然不同的情况下实现的最大持续产量：未连接的斑块和种群快速移动的连接斑块。我们的研究表明，连接斑块的总最大持续产量可能大于每个孤立斑块的最大持续产量之和。通过对模型的分析，我们可以确定在哪些条件下，从产量的角度来看这两种情况中的哪一种更有利。因此，我们提供了所有可能情况的完整分类。这些宝贵的信息可用于帮助决策者为特定渔业选择最佳管理策略。

引用次数: 0

A scale-invariant method for quantifying the regularity of environmental spatial patterns 量化环境空间模式规律性的尺度不变方法

IF 3.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Complexity

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101104

Karl Kästner , Roeland C. van de Vijsel , Daniel Caviedes-Voullième , Christoph Hinz

Spatial patterns of alternating high and low biomass occur in a wide range of ecosystems. Patterns can improve ecosystem productivity and resilience, but the particular effects of patterning depend on their spatial structure. The spatial structure is conventionally classified as either regular, when the patches of biomass are of similar size and are spaced in similar intervals, or irregular. The formation of regular patterns is driven by scale-dependent feedbacks. Models incorporating those feedbacks generate highly regular patterns, while natural patterns appear less regular. This calls for a more nuanced quantification beyond a binary classification. Here, we propose measuring the degree of regularity by the maximum of a pattern’s spectral density, based on the observation that the density of highly regular patterns consists of a narrow and high peak, while the density of highly irregular patterns consists of a low and wide lobe. We rescale the density to make the measure invariant with respect to the characteristic length-scale of a pattern, facilitating the comparison of patterns observed or modelled under different conditions. We demonstrate our method in a metastudy determining the regularity of natural and model-generated patterns depicted in previous studies. We find that natural patterns have an intermediate degree of regularity, resembling random surfaces generated by stochastic processes. We find that conventional deterministic models do not reproduce the intermediate regularity of natural patterns, as they generate patterns which are much more regular and similar to periodic surfaces. We call for appreciating the stochasticity of natural patterns in systems with scale-dependent feedbacks.

生物量高低交替的空间模式出现在多种生态系统中。这种模式可以提高生态系统的生产力和复原力，但模式的特殊效果取决于其空间结构。空间结构通常分为规则和不规则两种，规则是指生物量斑块的大小和间隔相似，不规则是指生物量斑块的大小和间隔相似。规则模式的形成受规模反馈的驱动。包含这些反馈的模型会产生高度规则的模式，而自然模式则不那么规则。这就要求在二元分类法之外进行更细致的量化。根据观察，高度规则模式的密度由一个窄而高的峰值组成，而高度不规则模式的密度由一个低而宽的叶片组成，因此我们建议用模式频谱密度的最大值来衡量规则程度。我们对密度进行了重新标度，使测量结果与图案的特征长度尺度保持不变，从而便于比较在不同条件下观察到的图案或模拟的图案。我们在一项转移研究中演示了我们的方法，该研究确定了以往研究中描述的自然图案和模型生成图案的规律性。我们发现，自然模式具有中等程度的规则性，类似于随机过程生成的随机表面。我们发现，传统的确定性模型并不能再现自然模式的中等规则性，因为它们生成的模式更加规则，类似于周期性表面。我们呼吁在具有规模依赖性反馈的系统中重视自然模式的随机性。

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引用次数: 0

The central importance of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) within plant-bee interaction networks decreases along a Neotropical elevational gradient 蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L.）在植物-蜜蜂互动网络中的核心重要性随着新热带海拔梯度而降低

IF 3.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Complexity

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101105

Carlos Pinilla Cruz , Pedro Luna , Fabricio Villalobos , Roger Guevara , Ismael Hinojoza-Díaz , Wesley Dáttilo

The honeybee Apis mellifera is an introduced managed pollinator species in many world regions and exhibits a high capacity to compete for resources against native bee species. Despite empirical evidence showing that A. mellifera establishes a great number of interactions within plant-bee interaction networks (i.e., high interactive role), little is known on whether its interactive role changes along elevational gradients. Being motivated by these concerns, here we assessed the species richness of plants, bees, interaction diversity, and the interactive role of A. mellifera within plant-bee interaction networks along an elevation gradient from the coastal dunes (4 m.a.s.l.) of the Gulf of Mexico up to the pine-fir forests (3425 m.a.s.l.) in the extinct volcano Cofre de Perote in Mexico. Moreover, we evaluated the interactive role of A. mellifera’s on the diversity of plant-bee interactions along this elevational gradient. We found a decrease in the richness of plants, bees, interaction diversity as elevation increased, and the interactive role of A. mellifera within the networks also decreased with elevation. Moreover, the interactive role of A. mellifera had no effect on the diversity of plant-bee interactions along the studied elevational gradient. These findings indicate that climatic conditions could be filtering plant and bee species and their interactions, even the interactions of a super generalist species as A. mellifera. In short, our study helps understand the responses of species and their biotic interactions over Neotropical elevational gradients. By examining the pronounced climatic shifts, similar to those induced by climate change, we also highlight the sensitivity of these responses to significant environmental alterations. Our findings underscore the critical importance of understanding ecological dynamics in the face of rapidly changing climates.

蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）是世界上许多地区引进的人工授粉物种，与本地蜜蜂物种竞争资源的能力很强。尽管经验证据表明，蜜蜂在植物-蜜蜂互动网络中建立了大量互动关系（即高互动作用），但人们对蜜蜂的互动作用是否会随着海拔梯度的变化而变化知之甚少。出于这些考虑，我们在此评估了从墨西哥湾沿海沙丘（海拔 4 米）到墨西哥 Cofre de Perote 死火山松杉林（海拔 3425 米）的海拔梯度上植物、蜜蜂的物种丰富度、交互多样性以及 A. mellifera 在植物-蜜蜂交互网络中的交互作用。此外，我们还评估了 A. mellifera 在这一海拔梯度上对植物-蜜蜂相互作用多样性的交互作用。我们发现，随着海拔的升高，植物、蜜蜂和互动多样性的丰富程度有所降低，而 A. mellifera 在网络中的互动作用也随着海拔的升高而降低。此外，在所研究的海拔梯度上，A. mellifera的交互作用对植物-蜜蜂交互作用的多样性没有影响。这些发现表明，气候条件可能会过滤植物和蜜蜂物种及其相互作用，甚至是像A. mellifera这样的超级通才物种的相互作用。简而言之，我们的研究有助于了解物种及其生物相互作用在新热带海拔梯度上的反应。通过研究明显的气候转变（类似于气候变化引起的转变），我们还强调了这些反应对重大环境变化的敏感性。我们的研究结果突出表明，面对快速变化的气候，了解生态动态至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the ecological complexity and uncertainty of predicting forest ecosystem services under climate change 评估预测气候变化下森林生态系统服务的生态复杂性和不确定性

IF 3.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Complexity

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101106

Marc Djahangard , Han Zhang , Rasoul Yousefpour

Climate change affects Central European forest ecosystems in different ways and, consequently, these changes result in different feedbacks on the provision of forest ecosystem services. Regarding the complexity and the variability in climate-forest interactions outcome, forest decision makers necessitate reliable information about changes in the forest ecosystem services for planning and adaptation purposes. However, forest productivity predictions incorporate multiple levels of uncertainty that have to be regarded to ensure building realistic expectations in forest decision-making. Besides the chosen forest simulation model, uncertainties come from the climate change data represented by a set of representative concentration pathways (RCP), within the underlying ensemble of global circulation and regional climate models (GCM-RCM), and further in the treatment of the CO₂-fertilization effect. We considered the mentioned uncertainties in a framework on simulating forest growth and water services for two forest sites, a Sessile oak and a Scots pine stand in Rhineland-Palatine, Germany. The framework revealed a high variability in future forest ecosystem services. Particularly, the variability among the selected GCM-RCM models within the same Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) was higher than the variability among different RCPs (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 representing the low and high CO₂-emission scenarios, respectively). Sessile oak productivity increased under all scenarios, whereas Scots pine growth declined in the lower end of the RCP8.5 scenario. Water services remained mostly stable at both sites. Moreover, we applied a panel data model to estimate what climate indices caused changes in the forest ecosystem services. We found that Scots pine is more sensitive to a multitude of climate indices, such as temperature changes and Sessile oak showed strong response to the CO₂-fertilization. We propose applying this framework to evaluate forest management options under climate change.

气候变化以不同的方式影响着中欧森林生态系统，因此，这些变化对森林生态系统服务的提供产生了不同的反馈作用。鉴于气候与森林相互作用结果的复杂性和多变性，森林决策者需要获得有关森林生态系统服务变化的可靠信息，以便进行规划和适应。然而，森林生产力预测包含多个层面的不确定性，必须加以考虑，以确保在森林决策中建立现实的预期。除了所选的森林模拟模型外，不确定性还来自于全球环流和区域气候模型（GCM-RCM）基础集合中一组代表性浓度路径（RCP）所代表的气候变化数据，以及对二氧化碳施肥效应的进一步处理。我们在模拟德国莱茵兰-帕拉廷地区的无柄栎和苏格兰松林这两个林地的森林生长和水服务的框架中考虑了上述不确定性。该框架揭示了未来森林生态系统服务的高度可变性。特别是，在同一代表性浓度途径（RCP）中，所选 GCM-RCM 模型之间的变异性高于不同 RCP（RCP2.6 和 RCP8.5，分别代表低和高二氧化碳排放情景）之间的变异性。在所有情景下，无梗橡树的生产力都有所提高，而在 RCP8.5 的低端情景下，苏格兰松树的生长则有所下降。两个地点的水服务基本保持稳定。此外，我们还采用面板数据模型来估算哪些气候指数会导致森林生态系统服务发生变化。我们发现，苏格兰松树对温度变化等多种气候指数更为敏感，而无柄橡树则对二氧化碳施肥表现出强烈的反应。我们建议应用这一框架来评估气候变化下的森林管理方案。

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引用次数: 0

Niche divergence mechanisms of closely related hybridising bird species. Modeling approach based on remote sensing data of forest habitats 近缘杂交鸟类的生态位分化机制。基于森林栖息地遥感数据的建模方法

IF 3.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Complexity

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101102

Jakub Z. Kosicki

Describing mechanisms that ensure stable co-occurrence of sympatric species is fundamental to understanding the complexity of ecological community dynamics. In this study, the Pied flycatcher and the Collared flycatcher were used as model species for the analysis of co-occurrence patterns of closely related hybridising species that inhabit overlapping forest habitats. I hypothesise that spatial niche partitioning between species emerges as a vital adaptive response to interspecific competition and manifests itself in significant shifts in habitat preferences in syntopic areas but not in the allotopic ones. The study leverages a comprehensive dataset that includes species density in 372 randomly selected 1 km² grid cells across the territory of Poland. The analysis of habitat preferences was performed with linear mixed-effect modeling, whereas a contrast analysis was used to investigate changes in habitat preferences resulting from the presence of a competitor. The findings indicate that both species modify their habitat preferences when transitioning between syntopic and allotopic sites. Remarkably, in regions without competitors, such shifts are significantly less pronounced, as demonstrated by the Pied flycatcher that prefers the same habitats both in allopatric regions and allotopic sites. When these results are compared with other studies on closely related hybridising and non-hybridising species, it turns out that what influences the degree and number of niches subjected to competition is the time that passes from species divergence. This study highlights the imperative need to incorporate co-occurrence parameters of closely related species into niche and species distribution models to enhance their ecological realism.

描述确保同域物种稳定共生的机制是了解生态群落动态复杂性的基础。在本研究中，我们以斑蝇鴷和领蝇鴷为模型物种，分析了栖息在重叠森林生境中的近缘杂交物种的共生模式。我的假设是，物种间的空间生态位分区是对种间竞争的重要适应性反应，表现为在同位区栖息地偏好的显著变化，而在异位区则没有。该研究利用了一个综合数据集，其中包括在波兰境内随机选取的 372 个 1 平方公里网格单元中的物种密度。栖息地偏好分析采用线性混合效应模型，而对比分析则用于研究竞争者的存在导致的栖息地偏好变化。研究结果表明，当在同域和异域之间转换时，这两个物种都会改变其栖息地偏好。值得注意的是，在没有竞争者的地区，这种偏好的改变并不明显，如皮德飞鸟在同域地区和异域地点都偏好相同的栖息地。将这些结果与其他关于密切相关的杂交和非杂交物种的研究结果进行比较后发现，影响竞争壁龛的程度和数量的因素是物种分化所经过的时间。这项研究强调了将近缘物种的共生参数纳入生态位和物种分布模型以提高其生态真实性的迫切需要。

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引用次数: 0

Transitive and intransitive structures in competition-based ecological communities 基于竞争的生态群落中的传递性和非传递性结构

IF 3.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Complexity

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101103

John Vandermeer

Based on the classical idea that no two species can occupy the same niche, ecological communities are frequently assumed to be structured according to the rules of interspecific competition, based on the intuition provided by the Lotka/Volterra competition equations in two dimensions. It has been noted that when three or more species are involved, the usual tacit assumption that all competition is transitive may be violated. Intransitive loops change some of the emergent principles of the competition-based framework of community structure. Since the intransitivity is oscillatory, the convenient stable equilibrium approach to communities is altered and oscillatory behavior of the system needs to be acknowledged. It is likely that real communities, especially if they are relatively large, will contain one or more intransitive structures, along with normal transitivities. Here we examine some theoretical constructs that emanate from the joint consideration of intransitive and transitive structures co-occurring in an ecological community.

根据 "没有两个物种可以占据相同的生态位 "这一经典观点，生态群落通常被假定为按照种间竞争规则来构建，其依据是二维洛特卡/沃尔特拉竞争方程所提供的直觉。人们注意到，当涉及三个或更多物种时，通常默认的所有竞争都是反式竞争的假设可能会被打破。不传递循环改变了基于竞争的群落结构框架的一些显现原则。由于不传递性是振荡的，因此改变了群落的稳定平衡方法，需要承认系统的振荡行为。现实中的群落，尤其是规模相对较大的群落，很可能包含一个或多个不传递结构，以及正常的传递性。在此，我们将对生态群落中同时存在的非传递性结构和传递性结构进行联合研究，并在此基础上提出一些理论构想。

引用次数: 0