Pub Date : 2009-11-25DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V20I3-4.48145
O. Mgbere, A. Monsi
The effects of feeding forage contaminated with graded levels of crude oil on growth performance traits and organ weights of semi-adult rabbits were investigated to simulate the impact of a natural crude spillage on wild-life, game and livestock. Five diets were compounded with five levels of crude oil contamination of 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20%, respectively. Feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, body weight gain as well as final body weight were significantly (P inversely with increasing dietary concentration of crude oil. Mortality rate was higher among rabbits exposed to varying levels of dietary crude oil. There was a significant (P increased in the diets. Evaluation of organ weights showed a sensitive response to crude oil toxicity with significant (P exposed to crude oil contaminated diets. The liver, kidney and heart hypertrophied while on the other hand, the spleen, pancreas and gonads atrophied. Post mortem examination of organs from randomly sacrificed rabbits from crude oil treated groups showed varying degrees of inflammation, necrosis, hypertrophy and atrophy.
{"title":"Growth Performance Traits and Organ Weights in Semi- Adult Rabbits Exposed to Crude Oil Contaminated Diets","authors":"O. Mgbere, A. Monsi","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V20I3-4.48145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V20I3-4.48145","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of feeding forage contaminated with graded levels of crude oil on growth performance traits and organ weights of semi-adult rabbits were investigated to simulate the impact of a natural crude spillage on wild-life, game and livestock. Five diets were compounded with five levels of crude oil contamination of 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20%, respectively. Feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, body weight gain as well as final body weight were significantly (P inversely with increasing dietary concentration of crude oil. Mortality rate was higher among rabbits exposed to varying levels of dietary crude oil. There was a significant (P increased in the diets. Evaluation of organ weights showed a sensitive response to crude oil toxicity with significant (P exposed to crude oil contaminated diets. The liver, kidney and heart hypertrophied while on the other hand, the spleen, pancreas and gonads atrophied. Post mortem examination of organs from randomly sacrificed rabbits from crude oil treated groups showed varying degrees of inflammation, necrosis, hypertrophy and atrophy.","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":"20 1","pages":"213-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70509025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents the state of forests in sub-Saharan African (SSA)countries, salient factors leading to forest loss, the influence of mitigating measures being adopted, and an assessment of the community based forest management systems(CBFM). The study reveals that a number of promising CBFM constructs have been tried and more are being implemented in the region. Implementation progress shows that virtually all countries have enacted supportive policies, legislations, institutional instruments and reforms. Notable trajectories contributing to sustainable forest management, with prospects for enhancing social justice, economic, environmental, social institutions and human capital, are noted. Bottlenecks stifling CBFM’s growth, particularly those associated with conflicts, challenges, constraints and threats are examined. In a final chapter, the paper recommends a need to establish an inclusive platform to guide institutional reforms and to mount a comprehensive research programme.
{"title":"The Changing Forest Management Paradigm in Africa: A Case for Community Based Forest Management System","authors":"L. Odera","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48207","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the state of forests in sub-Saharan African (SSA)countries, salient factors leading to forest loss, the influence of mitigating measures being adopted, and an assessment of the community based forest management systems(CBFM). The study reveals that a number of promising CBFM constructs have been tried and more are being implemented in the region. Implementation progress shows that virtually all countries have enacted supportive policies, legislations, institutional instruments and reforms. Notable trajectories contributing to sustainable forest management, with prospects for enhancing social justice, economic, environmental, social institutions and human capital, are noted. Bottlenecks stifling CBFM’s growth, particularly those associated with conflicts, challenges, constraints and threats are examined. In a final chapter, the paper recommends a need to establish an inclusive platform to guide institutional reforms and to mount a comprehensive research programme.","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70509069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forests in Africa are important to livelihoods of rural communities, as habitats of wildlife, sources of genetic resources and for mitigation to climate change among many other uses. Africa’s area under forests is, however, declining at rates faster than those in other continents despite efforts to improve forest management by, for example, devolving ownership and management of some of these forests to local communities. This paper examines some of the root causes of this decline by specifically focusing on the forest-society and agriculture nexus as one of the key drivers of forest depletion on the continent. The paper also examines the influence of urbanisation and related policy shifts in Africa. The paper concludes that the rapid population increase has direct negative impact on forests and this is compounded by increasing poverty in rural areas that has increased reliance on forests as sources of food, medicines, agricultural land, in addition to forests supplying wood and other non-wood forest products for domestic consumption and industrial needs. The paper highlights an apparent link between deforestation and urbanization, and the potentials for African forests to contribute more to social and economic development and to mitigate adverse effects of climate change.
{"title":"Some Drivers of Change in Forest Conditions in Africa","authors":"G. Kowero, J. Njuk, C. Nair","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48200","url":null,"abstract":"Forests in Africa are important to livelihoods of rural communities, as habitats of wildlife, sources of genetic resources and for mitigation to climate change among many other uses. Africa’s area under forests is, however, declining at rates faster than those in other continents despite efforts to improve forest management by, for example, devolving ownership and management of some of these forests to local communities. This paper examines some of the root causes of this decline by specifically focusing on the forest-society and agriculture nexus as one of the key drivers of forest depletion on the continent. The paper also examines the influence of urbanisation and related policy shifts in Africa. The paper concludes that the rapid population increase has direct negative impact on forests and this is compounded by increasing poverty in rural areas that has increased reliance on forests as sources of food, medicines, agricultural land, in addition to forests supplying wood and other non-wood forest products for domestic consumption and industrial needs. The paper highlights an apparent link between deforestation and urbanization, and the potentials for African forests to contribute more to social and economic development and to mitigate adverse effects of climate change.","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70509005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was carried out with the aim of analyzing and establishing what lessons have been learnt from positive and negative experiences of various initiatives, projects and programmes aiming at sustainable management, use and conservation of rain forests in Sub-Saharan Africa. The lessons learnt from the case studies are articulated around the following four particular items: (1) necessary conditions for implementing SFM and the extent to which current practices satisfy these conditions, (2) factors that inhibit implementation, (3) what needs to be done by different actors and (4) replicability of success stories.
{"title":"Lessons Learnt on Rain Forest Management for Wood Production in West and Central Africa","authors":"D. Okali, O. Matig","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48208","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out with the aim of analyzing and establishing what lessons have been learnt from positive and negative experiences of various initiatives, projects and programmes aiming at sustainable management, use and conservation of rain forests in Sub-Saharan Africa. The lessons learnt from the case studies are articulated around the following four particular items: (1) necessary conditions for implementing SFM and the extent to which current practices satisfy these conditions, (2) factors that inhibit implementation, (3) what needs to be done by different actors and (4) replicability of success stories.","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70509110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-25DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V21I1-2.48163
C. Katsvanga, E. Bobo, L. Jimu, T. Nyamugure, David Gwenzi, A. Kundhlande
An assessment of the urban forestry status in the mining town of Bindura was carried out to determine the diversity, composition and distribution of plant species. The town was stratified into residential, town centre and industrial areas. The residential area was sub-zoned into low, medium and high-density suburbs; the town centre into the Central Business District (CBD) and town fringes and the industrial area into light and heavy industrial sites. In each stratum, 3 sample plots of size 100x100 m quadrants were established randomly on a base map prior to ground truthing. In all strata, each sub-stratum was allocated a single quadrant except for the town fringes and the heavy industry, which had two each. Plants in each quadrant were totally enumerated. Data were analysed using SPSS 10, for Windows 1996 by subjecting plant population and vegetation diversity to one-way ANOVA. Results indicated preference for exotic fruit trees in the residential areas and exotic ornamentals in the town centre and industrial sites. The study concluded that there is a bias towards exotic species even though they are suitably planted in each stratum.
{"title":"Vegetation Diversity and Composition of Bindura Mining Town in Zimbabwe","authors":"C. Katsvanga, E. Bobo, L. Jimu, T. Nyamugure, David Gwenzi, A. Kundhlande","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V21I1-2.48163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V21I1-2.48163","url":null,"abstract":"An assessment of the urban forestry status in the mining town of Bindura was carried out to determine the diversity, composition and distribution of plant species. The town was stratified into residential, town centre and industrial areas. The residential area was sub-zoned into low, medium and high-density suburbs; the town centre into the Central Business District (CBD) and town fringes and the industrial area into light and heavy industrial sites. In each stratum, 3 sample plots of size 100x100 m quadrants were established randomly on a base map prior to ground truthing. In all strata, each sub-stratum was allocated a single quadrant except for the town fringes and the heavy industry, which had two each. Plants in each quadrant were totally enumerated. Data were analysed using SPSS 10, for Windows 1996 by subjecting plant population and vegetation diversity to one-way ANOVA. Results indicated preference for exotic fruit trees in the residential areas and exotic ornamentals in the town centre and industrial sites. The study concluded that there is a bias towards exotic species even though they are suitably planted in each stratum.","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":"21 1","pages":"6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main findings of a study on forest administration and related institutional arrangements (PFA) are highlighted. The relevance and changing roles of PFA in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are covered in the context of new paradigm for sustainable forest management (SFM). The current weak capacities and low profiles of PFA in SSA countries are addressed and some recommendations are made on actions for positive changes. It is recommended that SSA countries should take appropriate steps to stabilize and strengthen their PFAs through improved governance and to actively participate in the emerging initiative on African forest law enforcement and governance (AFLEG). It is recommended that SSA countries should take immediate steps to mobilize additional resources for PFAs through forest income retention schemes, national forest funds/trusts and through collaboration with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the private sector. It is also recommended that SSA countries should mobilize resources through continental and/or regional initiatives on capacity building for PFA.
{"title":"Review of Public Forestry Administrations and Related Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"F. Owino","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48203","url":null,"abstract":"The main findings of a study on forest administration and related institutional arrangements (PFA) are highlighted. The relevance and changing roles of PFA in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are covered in the context of new paradigm for sustainable forest management (SFM). The current weak capacities and low profiles of PFA in SSA countries are addressed and some recommendations are made on actions for positive changes. It is recommended that SSA countries should take appropriate steps to stabilize and strengthen their PFAs through improved governance and to actively participate in the emerging initiative on African forest law enforcement and governance (AFLEG). It is recommended that SSA countries should take immediate steps to mobilize additional resources for PFAs through forest income retention schemes, national forest funds/trusts and through collaboration with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the private sector. It is also recommended that SSA countries should mobilize resources through continental and/or regional initiatives on capacity building for PFA.","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70509017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The contribution of Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFPs) and services in livelihood support has been reviewed. Quite a number of NWFPs are also important articles of commerce and contribute significantly to the economies various African countries. The non-consumptive role of forests has been examined in terms of eco-tourism while the social and economic viability of the production of NWFPs and services have been reviewed from subsistence and commercial perspectives. Conditions that enable long-term viability in the management of forests for NWFPs and services have been reviewed. Need for sound ecological data in relation to resource stock and yield were noted as important in determining ecological sustainability. A number of institutional issues important to SFM were noted, including setting up of strong producer organizations, enabling policies and legislative frameworks, and relevant institutions within the government that provide supportive roles. Multiple use management was noted an important concept towards sustainable forestry and clearly demonstrates how forests can be managed for both wood and NWFPs. From an analysis of lessons learnt from the above, various recommendations were made.
{"title":"Forest Management for Non-Wood Forest Products and Services in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"B. Chikamai, M. Tchatat, J. Tieguhong, O. Ndoye","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48213","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution of Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFPs) and services in livelihood support has been reviewed. Quite a number of NWFPs are also important articles of commerce and contribute significantly to the economies various African countries. The non-consumptive role of forests has been examined in terms of eco-tourism while the social and economic viability of the production of NWFPs and services have been reviewed from subsistence and commercial perspectives. Conditions that enable long-term viability in the management of forests for NWFPs and services have been reviewed. Need for sound ecological data in relation to resource stock and yield were noted as important in determining ecological sustainability. A number of institutional issues important to SFM were noted, including setting up of strong producer organizations, enabling policies and legislative frameworks, and relevant institutions within the government that provide supportive roles. Multiple use management was noted an important concept towards sustainable forestry and clearly demonstrates how forests can be managed for both wood and NWFPs. From an analysis of lessons learnt from the above, various recommendations were made.","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides an overview and synthesis of the processing and marketing of NWFP in Africa. Indeed, NWFPs provide a livelihood support system for forest communities and poor urban households in terms of food, medicines, income and employment. However, forest communities remain poor, always struggling to make a living rather than improving their status quo. This trend raises concern whether NWFPs constitute a poverty trap, a safety net or a resource for rural development and poverty alleviation. This paper tries to address some of these concerns with the main objective of drawing lessons from experiences across the African continent on the opportunities and challenges of the NWFPs sector. Such lessons are considered very important in informing the development of policies in future that can better contribute and sustain the provision of income and livelihood to stakeholders. Lessons drawn from this analysis shows that organised production, processing and marketing of NWFPs can increase the revenue of dependent communities, thereby contributing to poverty reduction in Africa. The paper concludes that the salient requirements for the development of the NWFP include adding value locally, choosing the right marketing strategy, informing local producers and organisations on legal procedures, supporting and building capacities of vibrant/accountable local organisations, conducting cost effective research and development, and disseminating appropriate information on the resource base and on market conditions.
{"title":"Processing and Marketing of Non-wood Forest Products: Potential Impacts and Challenges in Africa","authors":"T. J. Chupezi, O. Ndoye, M. Tchatat, B. Chikamai","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48214","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an overview and synthesis of the processing and marketing of NWFP in Africa. Indeed, NWFPs provide a livelihood support system for forest communities and poor urban households in terms of food, medicines, income and employment. However, forest communities remain poor, always struggling to make a living rather than improving their status quo. This trend raises concern whether NWFPs constitute a poverty trap, a safety net or a resource for rural development and poverty alleviation. This paper tries to address some of these concerns with the main objective of drawing lessons from experiences across the African continent on the opportunities and challenges of the NWFPs sector. Such lessons are considered very important in informing the development of policies in future that can better contribute and sustain the provision of income and livelihood to stakeholders. Lessons drawn from this analysis shows that organised production, processing and marketing of NWFPs can increase the revenue of dependent communities, thereby contributing to poverty reduction in Africa. The paper concludes that the salient requirements for the development of the NWFP include adding value locally, choosing the right marketing strategy, informing local producers and organisations on legal procedures, supporting and building capacities of vibrant/accountable local organisations, conducting cost effective research and development, and disseminating appropriate information on the resource base and on market conditions.","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the SFM I project, studies were made on the relevance to Africa of Sweden’s experience in 100–150 years to become a successful forestry country. Six major issues have influenced the development of forests, forestry and forest industries in Sweden. The first relates to the societal, economic and political macro-trends of the last 150 years—democratisation, industrialisation, urbanisation, etc. Obviously, developments in forestry have been influenced, and to a significant degree, made possible by these factors. Five other key issues help explain the current forest situation: that wood early on acquired a commercial value and that private land owners, the Government and industry exploited the opportunities to add extra value by industrial processing; that ownership of forests was largely in private hands (farmers and industry); that forest policies and legislation were put in place to support the developments in forestry; the role of NGOs; and the roles of Government. Although ecological and economic conditions are obviously different, it was concluded that many Swedish lessons related to the processes and mechanisms of developing and administrating forest policies and legislation, strengthening institutional capacity for supporting mechanisms to SFM, e.g. within areas of research, education/ training, resource inventories and statistics, extension services, certification and market intelligence, etc., and in organising and empowering stake-holders in the use, management and conservation of forest and tree resources, could be of relevance, in adapted forms, also to Africa.
{"title":"Development of Forestry in Sweden—Any lessons for Africa?","authors":"B. Lundgren","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48215","url":null,"abstract":"During the SFM I project, studies were made on the relevance to Africa of Sweden’s experience in 100–150 years to become a successful forestry country. Six major issues have influenced the development of forests, forestry and forest industries in Sweden. The first relates to the societal, economic and political macro-trends of the last 150 years—democratisation, industrialisation, urbanisation, etc. Obviously, developments in forestry have been influenced, and to a significant degree, made possible by these factors. Five other key issues help explain the current forest situation: that wood early on acquired a commercial value and that private land owners, the Government and industry exploited the opportunities to add extra value by industrial processing; that ownership of forests was largely in private hands (farmers and industry); that forest policies and legislation were put in place to support the developments in forestry; the role of NGOs; and the roles of Government. Although ecological and economic conditions are obviously different, it was concluded that many Swedish lessons related to the processes and mechanisms of developing and administrating forest policies and legislation, strengthening institutional capacity for supporting mechanisms to SFM, e.g. within areas of research, education/ training, resource inventories and statistics, extension services, certification and market intelligence, etc., and in organising and empowering stake-holders in the use, management and conservation of forest and tree resources, could be of relevance, in adapted forms, also to Africa.","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-25DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V21I1-2.48193
C. Mkangwa, S.M.S Maliond, J. Semoka
Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f. is among the best leguminous shrubs in enhancing soil fertility especially in improved fallow situations in eastern and southern Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR) application and prevailing weather on survival, dry matter, N and P accumulations of Tephrosia vogelii fallow, and maize yields in subsequent season. Tephrosia vogelii fallow was grown for 22 months on acidic P deficient ferralsol amended with 0 or 80 kg P ha-1 at fallow establishment. The survival of T. vogelii plants was monitored over 22 months. Fallow nutrient accumulation was assessed by measuring the quantity and quality of litter commencing at 12 months. The quality of leaves was monitored from 6, 12, 18 and 22 months, while the quantity and quality of stems were assessed at 22 months. Foliar quantity was measured at 22 months. Long dry season significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced survival by about 50% in the first 6 months and up to 80% at 22 months. Litter dry weight and stem biomass, were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) by MPR application. Foliar P concentration was significantly increased by P application up to 12 months only. The total N and P accumulated in the litter and stems during the 22 months were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) by MPR application. In the 22 months period, the total N accumulated in the three plant components were 65.7 and 133.5 kg ha-1 for control and MPR treated plots, respectively. The corresponding values for P were 3.4 and 11.3 kg ha-1. These accumulations led to improvement of maize yields in the subsequent season by 147% relative to natural fallow. Improved fallows of T. vogelli can be used as In-situ fertilizer industry for small scale farmers in the tropics.
钩藤。在提高土壤肥力方面，特别是在非洲东部和南部改善休耕情况方面，它是最好的豆科灌木之一。摘要本试验旨在探讨施用闽津谷磷矿(MPR)和当时天气对灰毛蒿(Tephrosia vogelii)休耕期成活率、干物质、氮磷积累量及后续季节玉米产量的影响。休耕条件下，在酸性缺磷土壤中添加0或80 kg磷/ h -1，培养22个月。在22个月的时间里，我们监测了水蛭植物的存活情况。通过测量12个月开始凋落物的数量和质量来评估休耕养分积累。在6、12、18和22月龄监测叶片质量，在22月龄评估茎的数量和质量。在22个月时测量叶片数量。长旱季显著(p≤0.05)降低了前6个月的存活率约50%，22个月时高达80%。施用MPR显著提高凋落物干重和茎生物量(p≤0.05)。施磷12个月后，叶片磷浓度显著增加。施用MPR显著提高了22个月凋落物和茎中总氮和总磷的积累量(P≤0.05)。22个月间，对照区和MPR处理区3个植株组分的总氮积累量分别为65.7和133.5 kg hm -1。相应的P值分别为3.4和11.3 kg ha-1。这些积累导致玉米产量在随后的季节比自然休耕提高了147%。改良后的稻叶可作为热带地区小农的原位肥料工业。
{"title":"In-situ fertilizer industry for small scale farmers: the case of tephrosia vogelii fallow and minjingu phosphate rock in Eastern Tanzania","authors":"C. Mkangwa, S.M.S Maliond, J. Semoka","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V21I1-2.48193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V21I1-2.48193","url":null,"abstract":"Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f. is among the best leguminous shrubs in enhancing soil fertility especially in improved fallow situations in eastern and southern Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR) application and prevailing weather on survival, dry matter, N and P accumulations of Tephrosia vogelii fallow, and maize yields in subsequent season. Tephrosia vogelii fallow was grown for 22 months on acidic P deficient ferralsol amended with 0 or 80 kg P ha-1 at fallow establishment. The survival of T. vogelii plants was monitored over 22 months. Fallow nutrient accumulation was assessed by measuring the quantity and quality of litter commencing at 12 months. The quality of leaves was monitored from 6, 12, 18 and 22 months, while the quantity and quality of stems were assessed at 22 months. Foliar quantity was measured at 22 months. Long dry season significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced survival by about 50% in the first 6 months and up to 80% at 22 months. Litter dry weight and stem biomass, were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) by MPR application. Foliar P concentration was significantly increased by P application up to 12 months only. The total N and P accumulated in the litter and stems during the 22 months were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) by MPR application. In the 22 months period, the total N accumulated in the three plant components were 65.7 and 133.5 kg ha-1 for control and MPR treated plots, respectively. The corresponding values for P were 3.4 and 11.3 kg ha-1. These accumulations led to improvement of maize yields in the subsequent season by 147% relative to natural fallow. Improved fallows of T. vogelli can be used as In-situ fertilizer industry for small scale farmers in the tropics.","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":"93 1","pages":"104-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：