C. Mellinger, Teresa C. Salazar, Aimee K. Benavides
In the United States, legal language services are shaped by both de jure and de facto standards, which encompass not only the professional profile of court interpreters but also the provision of legal translation and interpreting services. This article investigates the potential influence of ASTM and ISO standards on current language services implementations in U.S. court settings in light of the current configuration of de jure and de facto standards. Specific emphasis is placed on the utility of consensus-based standards such as ASTM and ISO due to the unique configuration of language services, particularly given procurement and bidding practices, which complicate the current legal T&I landscape. Possible avenues for integration of ASTM and ISO standards are explored in light of infrastructure-specific as well as translator- and interpreter-specific requirements. The article concludes with a discussion of the compatibility of standards with current practices in the U.S. legal T&I sector.
在美国，法律语言服务是由法律标准和事实标准共同决定的，其中不仅包括法庭口译员的职业形象，还包括法律笔译和口译服务的提供。本文根据当前法律标准和事实标准的配置情况，研究了 ASTM 和 ISO 标准对美国法院当前语言服务实施的潜在影响。文章特别强调了基于共识的标准（如 ASTM 和 ISO）的效用，因为语言服务的独特配置，尤其是采购和招标实践，使当前的法律 T&I 情况变得复杂。文章根据基础设施以及笔译员和口译员的具体要求，探讨了整合 ASTM 和 ISO 标准的可能途径。文章最后讨论了标准与美国法律翻译和信息部门当前实践的兼容性。
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Legal interpreters and translators (LITs) play a crucial role in ensuring equitable treatment within the EU and facilitating international mobility. These professionals actively engage in terminology work, similar to other translators and interpreters. This exploratory study examines the degree of familiarity LITs have with terminology principles and standards, based on an online survey conducted among LIT associations in Austria and Italy. A significant portion of respondents reported engaging in terminology work, underlining its professional relevance. The prevalent usage of traditional tools like word processors and paper is evident, whereas the adoption of advanced systems remains limited. Despite more than half of the participants demonstrating awareness of terminology standards, access to specific standards was infrequent. A considerable number of respondents did not perceive terminology standards as essential for their practical undertakings. Only a minority were familiar with either national or ISO terminology standards. The study uncovered a lack of comprehensive understanding and implementation of terminology management principles. While terminology remains indispensable for LITs, its effective management is often overlooked. It is crucial to improve the dissemination of information and encourage collaborative efforts with relevant organizations to enhance awareness and foster proficient utilization of terminology.
{"title":"Terminology standards and their relevance for legal interpreters and translators","authors":"E. Chiocchetti, Vesna Lušicky, Tanja Wissik","doi":"10.1075/dt.00006.chi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dt.00006.chi","url":null,"abstract":"Legal interpreters and translators (LITs) play a crucial role in ensuring equitable treatment within the EU and facilitating international mobility. These professionals actively engage in terminology work, similar to other translators and interpreters. This exploratory study examines the degree of familiarity LITs have with terminology principles and standards, based on an online survey conducted among LIT associations in Austria and Italy. A significant portion of respondents reported engaging in terminology work, underlining its professional relevance. The prevalent usage of traditional tools like word processors and paper is evident, whereas the adoption of advanced systems remains limited. Despite more than half of the participants demonstrating awareness of terminology standards, access to specific standards was infrequent. A considerable number of respondents did not perceive terminology standards as essential for their practical undertakings. Only a minority were familiar with either national or ISO terminology standards. The study uncovered a lack of comprehensive understanding and implementation of terminology management principles. While terminology remains indispensable for LITs, its effective management is often overlooked. It is crucial to improve the dissemination of information and encourage collaborative efforts with relevant organizations to enhance awareness and foster proficient utilization of terminology.","PeriodicalId":505924,"journal":{"name":"The Role of ISO/TC 37 Standards for Translators, Interpreters, Terminologists and Beyond","volume":"85 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rather than just profiting from digitalization efforts such as the implementation and improvement of automated content delivery processes, technical communication itself currently has the opportunity of becoming a major driver in digitalization. The essence of technical communicators’ work is to create representations of products under the aspect of product use. In order to convey how a product functions and how it shall be used, they build concepts that reflect its structure and the structure of the domain to which it belongs. These concepts and their interrelations represent the underlying architecture of information that is rendered into ‘technical documentation’ in the course of the information development process which parallels the product development process. To harmonize concepts for information on products to be launched and in its proper domain, as well as to ensure interoperability between digital resources, technical communication relies on a range of standards created within and published by ISO Technical Committee 37, Language and Terminology (ISO/TC 37).
{"title":"The impact of ISO/TC 37 standards on technical communication","authors":"Sabine Mahr","doi":"10.1075/dt.00007.mah","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dt.00007.mah","url":null,"abstract":"Rather than just profiting from digitalization efforts such as the implementation and improvement of automated content delivery processes, technical communication itself currently has the opportunity of becoming a major driver in digitalization. The essence of technical communicators’ work is to create representations of products under the aspect of product use. In order to convey how a product functions and how it shall be used, they build concepts that reflect its structure and the structure of the domain to which it belongs. These concepts and their interrelations represent the underlying architecture of information that is rendered into ‘technical documentation’ in the course of the information development process which parallels the product development process. To harmonize concepts for information on products to be launched and in its proper domain, as well as to ensure interoperability between digital resources, technical communication relies on a range of standards created within and published by ISO Technical Committee 37, Language and Terminology (ISO/TC 37).","PeriodicalId":505924,"journal":{"name":"The Role of ISO/TC 37 Standards for Translators, Interpreters, Terminologists and Beyond","volume":"595 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article provides an overview of legal translator competences, qualifications and other professional requirements set in the ISO 20771:2020 standard. References to existing frameworks, such as European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and some research, complementary ISO standards (notably ISO 17100:2015) and current industry best-practice offer relevant context and background information, and identify the gap that has been filled by this important standard. The author demonstrates that ISO 20771:2020 is a good example of a requirements standard developed for the translation industry that is up-to-date, reflects actual industry best-practice, and addresses a need for standardization of legal translator requirements for the purpose of certification. It is posited here that ISO 20771:2020 is a valuable resource for all stakeholders as it not only provides accurate information about standard market requirements for legal translation (and translation in general) but also contributes to translators’ professionalization by setting objective professional benchmarks. Additionally, ISO requirements standards are, by definition, pragmatic and operational, and therefore easier to validate through conformity assessment and certification than any other resources, and hence both the industry and academia can only benefit from increased ISO standards uptake. The overview of legal translator competences, qualifications and other professional requirements set in the ISO 20771:2020 standard reflects the ISO approach to setting translator requirements, and outlines some of the practical implications of translation industry standardization and certification in the hope that it might become the starting point for more discussions on this subject in the future.
本文概述了 ISO 20771:2020 标准中规定的法律翻译能力、资格和其他专业要求。文章参考了欧洲资格框架 (EQF) 等现有框架和一些研究、ISO 补充标准（尤其是 ISO 17100:2015）以及当前行业最佳实践，提供了相关背景信息，并指出了这一重要标准所填补的空白。 作者证明，ISO 20771:2020 是为翻译行业制定的要求标准的一个良好范例，它与时俱进，反映了实际的行业最佳实践，满足了以认证为目的的法律翻译要求标准化的需求。本文认为，ISO 20771:2020 对所有利益相关者来说都是宝贵的资源，因为它不仅提供了法律翻译（以及一般翻译）市场标准要求的准确信息，还通过设定客观的专业基准促进了译员的专业化。此外，顾名思义，ISO 要求标准是务实的、可操作的，因此与其他任何资源相比，更容易通过合格评估和认证进行验证，因此行业和学术界都会从 ISO 标准的日益普及中获益。 ISO 20771:2020 标准中对法律翻译能力、资格和其他专业要求的概述，反映了 ISO 制定翻译要求的方法，并概述了翻译行业标准化和认证的一些实际影响，希望它可以成为未来就此主题进行更多讨论的起点。
{"title":"An in-context overview of legal translator competences, qualifications and other professional requirements set in the ISO 20771:2020 Legal translation – Requirements standard","authors":"Monika Popiołek","doi":"10.1075/dt.00008.pop","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dt.00008.pop","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of legal translator competences, qualifications and other professional requirements set in the ISO 20771:2020 standard. References to existing frameworks, such as European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and some research, complementary ISO standards (notably ISO 17100:2015) and current industry best-practice offer relevant context and background information, and identify the gap that has been filled by this important standard. The author demonstrates that ISO 20771:2020 is a good example of a requirements standard developed for the translation industry that is up-to-date, reflects actual industry best-practice, and addresses a need for standardization of legal translator requirements for the purpose of certification. It is posited here that ISO 20771:2020 is a valuable resource for all stakeholders as it not only provides accurate information about standard market requirements for legal translation (and translation in general) but also contributes to translators’ professionalization by setting objective professional benchmarks. Additionally, ISO requirements standards are, by definition, pragmatic and operational, and therefore easier to validate through conformity assessment and certification than any other resources, and hence both the industry and academia can only benefit from increased ISO standards uptake. The overview of legal translator competences, qualifications and other professional requirements set in the ISO 20771:2020 standard reflects the ISO approach to setting translator requirements, and outlines some of the practical implications of translation industry standardization and certification in the hope that it might become the starting point for more discussions on this subject in the future.","PeriodicalId":505924,"journal":{"name":"The Role of ISO/TC 37 Standards for Translators, Interpreters, Terminologists and Beyond","volume":"541 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Federica Vezzani, Giorgio Maria Di Nunzio, Rute Costa
The ‘FAIR terminology’ paradigm is the first initiative that aims to establish a strong interrelation between the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) principles, promoted at the European level to foster the Open Science movement, and the specifications advocated in the framework of ISO TC 37/SC 3 about the management of terminology resources. Through the complementary adoption of the SC 3 standards, the paradigm, therefore, proposes guidelines paving the way for the FAIRification of terminological data, metadata, and infrastructure. In this context, this study has a threefold objective. First, we will show the impact of three ISO TC 37/SC 3 standards (mainly ISO 16642: 2017; ISO 12620: 2019 and ISO 30042: 2019) for the foundation of the FAIR terminology paradigm. Secondly, we will present the integration of this data representation model in the framework of the European project ‘Terminology Without Borders’ (TWB) launched in 2019 by the Terminology Coordination Unit (TermCoord) of the European Parliament. Finally, we intend to reflect in a critical perspective to highlight some possible limitations of the previously mentioned SC 3 standards in terms of FAIRification of terminological data.
FAIR 术语 "范例是第一个旨在建立 FAIR（可查找性、可访问性、互操作性和可重用性）原则与 ISO TC 37/SC 3 框架内倡导的术语资源管理规范之间紧密联系的倡议。因此，通过补充采用 SC 3 标准，该范例提出了指导方针，为术语数据、元数据和基础设施的 FAIR 化铺平了道路。在此背景下，本研究有三重目标。首先，我们将展示三个 ISO TC 37/SC 3 标准（主要是 ISO 16642: 2017、ISO 12620: 2019 和 ISO 30042: 2019）对 FAIR 术语范式基础的影响。其次，我们将介绍在欧洲议会术语协调组（TermCoord）于 2019 年启动的欧洲项目 "术语无国界"（TWB）框架内整合该数据表示模型的情况。最后，我们将从批判的角度进行反思，强调之前提到的 SC 3 标准在术语数据 FAIR 化方面可能存在的一些局限性。
{"title":"ISO standards for terminology resources management","authors":"Federica Vezzani, Giorgio Maria Di Nunzio, Rute Costa","doi":"10.1075/dt.00009.vez","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dt.00009.vez","url":null,"abstract":"The ‘FAIR terminology’ paradigm is the first initiative that aims to establish a strong interrelation between the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) principles, promoted at the European level to foster the Open Science movement, and the specifications advocated in the framework of ISO TC 37/SC 3 about the management of terminology resources. Through the complementary adoption of the SC 3 standards, the paradigm, therefore, proposes guidelines paving the way for the FAIRification of terminological data, metadata, and infrastructure. In this context, this study has a threefold objective. First, we will show the impact of three ISO TC 37/SC 3 standards (mainly ISO 16642: 2017; ISO 12620: 2019 and ISO 30042: 2019) for the foundation of the FAIR terminology paradigm. Secondly, we will present the integration of this data representation model in the framework of the European project ‘Terminology Without Borders’ (TWB) launched in 2019 by the Terminology Coordination Unit (TermCoord) of the European Parliament. Finally, we intend to reflect in a critical perspective to highlight some possible limitations of the previously mentioned SC 3 standards in terms of FAIRification of terminological data.","PeriodicalId":505924,"journal":{"name":"The Role of ISO/TC 37 Standards for Translators, Interpreters, Terminologists and Beyond","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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