Pub Date : 2025-05-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102537
Marco Milán
Chromosomal instability (CIN), an increased rate of changes in chromosome structure and number, has been classically associated with human disease as a way of evolving the cancer genome. In recent years, three additional research lines concerning the impact of CIN on human disease have been consolidated. First, beyond the generation of genomic copy number heterogeneity, CIN acts as a source of tumor growth, metastasis, and malignancy through additional mechanisms. Second, CIN is pervasive in early human development, and the resulting aneuploid cells are selectively removed from the fetus to give rise to healthy births. Third, CIN is associated with mosaic variegated aneuploidy, a rare familial disease that compromises brain development and contributes to tumor formation. Here, I will review recent advances in these three topics, with a particular focus on the use of model systems and organisms to understand the increasing impact of CIN on human biology and disease.
{"title":"Chromosomal instability in development and disease: Beyond cancer evolution","authors":"Marco Milán","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chromosomal instability (CIN), an increased rate of changes in chromosome structure and number, has been classically associated with human disease as a way of evolving the cancer genome. In recent years, three additional research lines concerning the impact of CIN on human disease have been consolidated. First, beyond the generation of genomic copy number heterogeneity, CIN acts as a source of tumor growth, metastasis, and malignancy through additional mechanisms. Second, CIN is pervasive in early human development, and the resulting aneuploid cells are selectively removed from the fetus to give rise to healthy births. Third, CIN is associated with mosaic variegated aneuploidy, a rare familial disease that compromises brain development and contributes to tumor formation. Here, I will review recent advances in these three topics, with a particular focus on the use of model systems and organisms to understand the increasing impact of CIN on human biology and disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102537"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102532
Robert G. Parton, Lois S. Weisman
{"title":"Editorial Overview - Membrane traffic; orchestrating the symphony of life","authors":"Robert G. Parton, Lois S. Weisman","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102532","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102532"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102542
Torcato Martins , Yuu Kimata
Mitotic signalling mediated by cell cycle regulators (CCRs) is pivotal for coordinating cell division and fate specification across metazoans. CCRs, including cyclin-dependent kinases and ubiquitin ligases, use post-translational modifications for rapid, dynamic regulation of the cell cycle, ensuring its unidirectionality and integration with fate determination. This review explores recent findings that further elucidate CCRs’ noncanonical functions, particularly in progenitor cells. Advancements in quantitative in vivo imaging, precise genome editing, and single-cell omics have provided unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution into the mechanisms through which CCRs regulate asymmetric cell division, epigenetic regulation, and cell cycle variations. The evolution of CCRs underscores their crucial role in integrating cellular and developmental signals in multicellular organisms, with implications for disease and therapeutic strategies.
{"title":"Mitotic signalling in progenitor cells: Integrating cell division with cell specification","authors":"Torcato Martins , Yuu Kimata","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitotic signalling mediated by cell cycle regulators (CCRs) is pivotal for coordinating cell division and fate specification across metazoans. CCRs, including cyclin-dependent kinases and ubiquitin ligases, use post-translational modifications for rapid, dynamic regulation of the cell cycle, ensuring its unidirectionality and integration with fate determination. This review explores recent findings that further elucidate CCRs’ noncanonical functions, particularly in progenitor cells. Advancements in quantitative <em>in vivo</em> imaging, precise genome editing, and single-cell omics have provided unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution into the mechanisms through which CCRs regulate asymmetric cell division, epigenetic regulation, and cell cycle variations. The evolution of CCRs underscores their crucial role in integrating cellular and developmental signals in multicellular organisms, with implications for disease and therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102542"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102540
Wilton T. Snead
Biomolecular condensates have emerged as essential subcellular compartments. Although condensates organize biochemistry without a delimiting membrane, condensates frequently interact with membrane surfaces in diverse cellular contexts. Condensates and membranes reciprocally modulate each other, inducing membrane shape changes, establishing domains of distinct lipid composition, and catalyzing reactions within condensates. Here I discuss recent advancements in our understanding of the condensate-membrane interface, with a focus on membrane shaping, lipid organization, cytoskeletal regulation, and mRNA transport. I conclude by suggesting research avenues that may uncover new functions for membrane-associated condensates, with emphasis on the understudied role of RNA in the condensate-membrane interface.
{"title":"Condensate-membrane interactions shape membranes, tune cytoskeletal assembly, and localize mRNAs","authors":"Wilton T. Snead","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomolecular condensates have emerged as essential subcellular compartments. Although condensates organize biochemistry without a delimiting membrane, condensates frequently interact with membrane surfaces in diverse cellular contexts. Condensates and membranes reciprocally modulate each other, inducing membrane shape changes, establishing domains of distinct lipid composition, and catalyzing reactions within condensates. Here I discuss recent advancements in our understanding of the condensate-membrane interface, with a focus on membrane shaping, lipid organization, cytoskeletal regulation, and mRNA transport. I conclude by suggesting research avenues that may uncover new functions for membrane-associated condensates, with emphasis on the understudied role of RNA in the condensate-membrane interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102540"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102539
Peng Shi , Yuhan Zhang , Congying Wu
Mitochondria undergo dynamic adaptations to cellular energy demands, changing morphology and function, through active interactions with other cellular organelles and the cytoskeletons. With advances in light and electron microscopy, actin probes for live-cell imaging, as well as proximity labeling, subtle and transient actin structures associated with mitochondria have been resolved and examined, which opened a new era for the understanding of architectural and mechanical regulation of organelles and metabolism. Here, we first review the recent findings that elucidate the actin–mitochondrion interactions in regulating mitochondrial dynamics (including fission, fusion and trafficking), and cristae architecture. Further, we discuss the functional consequences accompanying these morphological changes, which link cellular metabolism to the cytoskeleton and mechanotransduction through direct or indirect organelle control. Moreover, we summarize the avant-garde techniques for probing mitochondrion-associated actin, including new ways to visualize mitochondria–actin interaction in the cytosol and within the mitochondria, methods to identify the molecular components mediating actin–mitochondria crosstalk, and techniques for reconstructing the 3D ultrastructure of actin–mitochondrion interaction. Finally, we conclude pressing issues in this exciting field, calling for interdisciplinary efforts in examine actin–mitochondrion interactions at micro and macro levels. The dynamics and structural integrity of mitochondria are essential for energy metabolism and signal transduction, while their abnormalities lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and severe disease. This review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the emerging roles of the actin cytoskeleton in shaping mitochondrial morphology, structure, and functions, providing new angles to understand mitochondria-related diseases.
{"title":"Actin in mitochondrial regulation and mechanometabolic crosstalk","authors":"Peng Shi , Yuhan Zhang , Congying Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitochondria undergo dynamic adaptations to cellular energy demands, changing morphology and function, through active interactions with other cellular organelles and the cytoskeletons. With advances in light and electron microscopy, actin probes for live-cell imaging, as well as proximity labeling, subtle and transient actin structures associated with mitochondria have been resolved and examined, which opened a new era for the understanding of architectural and mechanical regulation of organelles and metabolism. Here, we first review the recent findings that elucidate the actin–mitochondrion interactions in regulating mitochondrial dynamics (including fission, fusion and trafficking), and cristae architecture. Further, we discuss the functional consequences accompanying these morphological changes, which link cellular metabolism to the cytoskeleton and mechanotransduction through direct or indirect organelle control. Moreover, we summarize the avant-garde techniques for probing mitochondrion-associated actin, including new ways to visualize mitochondria–actin interaction in the cytosol and within the mitochondria, methods to identify the molecular components mediating actin–mitochondria crosstalk, and techniques for reconstructing the 3D ultrastructure of actin–mitochondrion interaction. Finally, we conclude pressing issues in this exciting field, calling for interdisciplinary efforts in examine actin–mitochondrion interactions at micro and macro levels. The dynamics and structural integrity of mitochondria are essential for energy metabolism and signal transduction, while their abnormalities lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and severe disease. This review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the emerging roles of the actin cytoskeleton in shaping mitochondrial morphology, structure, and functions, providing new angles to understand mitochondria-related diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102539"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102541
Huimin Pan , Honggang Su , Xun Huang
Lipid droplets (LDs) are highly conserved organelles found across a wide range of organisms, from prokaryotic to eukaryotes. LD proteins are a diverse group of proteins that are associated with LDs, regulating various aspects of LD function, such as storage, mobilization, and interactions with other organelles. Recent research in LD proteins has uncovered a broader range of physiological and pathological roles of LDs, extending beyond their traditional function in lipid metabolism. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms behind LD protein targeting and explore the discovery of new players on LDs, highlighting their specific contributions to cellular function. These discoveries significantly deepen our understanding of LD biology.
{"title":"New players on lipid droplets: Their regulations and functions","authors":"Huimin Pan , Honggang Su , Xun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lipid droplets (LDs) are highly conserved organelles found across a wide range of organisms, from prokaryotic to eukaryotes. LD proteins are a diverse group of proteins that are associated with LDs, regulating various aspects of LD function, such as storage, mobilization, and interactions with other organelles. Recent research in LD proteins has uncovered a broader range of physiological and pathological roles of LDs, extending beyond their traditional function in lipid metabolism. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms behind LD protein targeting and explore the discovery of new players on LDs, highlighting their specific contributions to cellular function. These discoveries significantly deepen our understanding of LD biology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102541"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-24DOI: 10.1016/S0955-0674(25)00093-6
{"title":"Outside Back Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0955-0674(25)00093-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0955-0674(25)00093-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102555"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102536
Julia Eckert , Virgile Viasnoff , Alpha S. Yap
Cells are active mechanical objects: they are subject to forces, exert force, and interpret changes in force as biological information. We now understand much about how this occurs at the molecular and single-cell level. We also appreciate that mechanobiology gains even greater complexity when it operates at the multicellular level of tissues and organisms. Here, cells exert forces on other cells within tissues to support morphogenesis and homeostasis; but these forces must also be accommodated to ensure that tissue integrity is preserved. Cell–cell adhesion junctions play important roles in transmitting, resisting, as well as detecting mechanical forces in coherent tissues. In this brief article we consider how epithelia adapt to mechanical stresses, focusing on recent developments in understanding the sources of force and new mechanisms for adherens junctions and desmosomes in mechanotransduction.
{"title":"New directions in epithelial mechanoadaptation","authors":"Julia Eckert , Virgile Viasnoff , Alpha S. Yap","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cells are active mechanical objects: they are subject to forces, exert force, and interpret changes in force as biological information. We now understand much about how this occurs at the molecular and single-cell level. We also appreciate that mechanobiology gains even greater complexity when it operates at the multicellular level of tissues and organisms. Here, cells exert forces on other cells within tissues to support morphogenesis and homeostasis; but these forces must also be accommodated to ensure that tissue integrity is preserved. Cell–cell adhesion junctions play important roles in transmitting, resisting, as well as detecting mechanical forces in coherent tissues. In this brief article we consider how epithelia adapt to mechanical stresses, focusing on recent developments in understanding the sources of force and new mechanisms for adherens junctions and desmosomes in mechanotransduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102536"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102538
Preet Manchanda, Anja Geitmann
The plant cell wall is a dynamic envelope crucial for cell structure. Recent insights highlight the pivotal roles of RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides, LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT EXTENSINS (LRX), and the FERONIA (FER) receptor kinase in maintaining cell wall integrity. This tri-molecular complex, along with other membrane receptors, modulates cell wall mechanics through interactions with de-methylesterified homogalacturonan (HG) in a feedback-controlled manner along with other intra-cellular responses. Through the characterization of this complex, critical questions have emerged regarding the mechanistic details of RALF-induced HG modulation, the mechanosensing role of FER, and the structural roles of extensins in modulating cell wall dynamics. This review underscores the intricate feedback mechanisms involved in the maintenance of cell wall integrity and cellular growth dynamics, offering strategies to enhance crop productivity.
{"title":"The tri-molecular interaction controlling plant cell structure","authors":"Preet Manchanda, Anja Geitmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The plant cell wall is a dynamic envelope crucial for cell structure. Recent insights highlight the pivotal roles of RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides, LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT EXTENSINS (LRX), and the FERONIA (FER) receptor kinase in maintaining cell wall integrity. This tri-molecular complex, along with other membrane receptors, modulates cell wall mechanics through interactions with de-methylesterified homogalacturonan (HG) in a feedback-controlled manner along with other intra-cellular responses. Through the characterization of this complex, critical questions have emerged regarding the mechanistic details of RALF-induced HG modulation, the mechanosensing role of FER, and the structural roles of extensins in modulating cell wall dynamics. This review underscores the intricate feedback mechanisms involved in the maintenance of cell wall integrity and cellular growth dynamics, offering strategies to enhance crop productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102538"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102533
Deb Sankar Banerjee , Shiladitya Banerjee
Intracellular organelles are essential for cellular architecture and function, and their size regulation is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Organelle size often scales with cell size, governed by mechanisms that integrate resource allocation, stochastic dynamics, and feedback controls. Here we review these underlying biophysical principles of organelle size control, including the limiting pool hypothesis, stochastic assembly processes, and feedback-driven growth dynamics. We discuss how negative feedback motifs stabilize size, while positive feedback can amplify growth and maintain size under specific conditions. Additionally, we discuss recent advances in modeling size control for organelles with nucleation and fission-fusion dynamics. By integrating experimental observations with theoretical insights, this review provides a conceptual understanding of the design principles governing organelle size regulation in dynamic cellular environments.
{"title":"Design principles and feedback mechanisms in organelle size control","authors":"Deb Sankar Banerjee , Shiladitya Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intracellular organelles are essential for cellular architecture and function, and their size regulation is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Organelle size often scales with cell size, governed by mechanisms that integrate resource allocation, stochastic dynamics, and feedback controls. Here we review these underlying biophysical principles of organelle size control, including the limiting pool hypothesis, stochastic assembly processes, and feedback-driven growth dynamics. We discuss how negative feedback motifs stabilize size, while positive feedback can amplify growth and maintain size under specific conditions. Additionally, we discuss recent advances in modeling size control for organelles with nucleation and fission-fusion dynamics. By integrating experimental observations with theoretical insights, this review provides a conceptual understanding of the design principles governing organelle size regulation in dynamic cellular environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102533"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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