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Apical constriction in morphogenesis: From actomyosin architecture to regulatory networks 形态发生中的顶端收缩：从肌动球蛋白结构到调控网络
IF 6 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
Current Opinion in Cell Biology
Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102562
Samara N. Ranie , Melanie D. White
Apical constriction is a key morphogenetic process driving tissue remodelling throughout life, including early developmental events. Once thought to occur through uniform actomyosin ring contraction, it is now recognized as a dynamic process with diverse actomyosin architectures across species, tissues, and cell types. Regulation of apical constriction involves multiple scales, from tissue mechanics to junctional remodelling and protein trafficking. New studies are revealing how this process is controlled through actomyosin cortex organization, cytoskeletal–junctional interactions, and junctional protein levels. Considering how variable actomyosin structures are integrated with emerging regulatory pathways across different models will be crucial. Advances in in vivo live imaging promise deeper insights into the regulatory networks coordinating actomyosin dynamics and apical constriction, shedding light on its role in shaping tissues during development.
根尖收缩是一个关键的形态发生过程，在整个生命过程中驱动组织重塑，包括早期发育事件。曾经认为是通过统一的肌动球蛋白环收缩发生的，现在认识到这是一个动态过程，在物种、组织和细胞类型中具有不同的肌动球蛋白结构。根尖收缩的调节涉及多个尺度，从组织力学到连接重构和蛋白质运输。新的研究揭示了这一过程是如何通过肌动球蛋白皮层组织、细胞骨架-连接相互作用和连接蛋白水平来控制的。考虑可变的肌动球蛋白结构如何与跨不同模型的新兴调控途径相结合将是至关重要的。活体成像技术的进步使我们能够更深入地了解协调肌动球蛋白动力学和根尖收缩的调节网络，揭示其在发育过程中形成组织的作用。
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引用次数: 0
E-Cadherin: A conductor of cellular signaling 钙粘蛋白：细胞信号传导的导体
IF 6 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
Current Opinion in Cell Biology
Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102559
Rachel J. Kehrberg, Kris A. DeMali
Upon engagement of E-cadherin or when mechanical force is applied, E-cadherin recruits cytoskeletal proteins and triggers various signal transduction cascades including PI3K, Src, Rho family GTPases, kinases, YAP/TAZ, AMPK, and other metabolic enzymes. These cascades modulate E-cadherin's stability, viscosity, and its connection to the actin cytoskeleton, thereby reinforcing cell–cell adhesion.
当E-cadherin参与或施加机械力时，E-cadherin招募细胞骨架蛋白并触发各种信号转导级联反应，包括PI3K、Src、Rho家族GTPases、激酶、YAP/TAZ、AMPK和其他代谢酶。这些级联调节e -钙粘蛋白的稳定性、粘度及其与肌动蛋白细胞骨架的连接，从而加强细胞间的粘附。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of organelle architecture on oocyte developmental potential 细胞器结构对卵母细胞发育潜能的影响
IF 6 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
Current Opinion in Cell Biology
Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102556
Elvira Nikalayevich, Noemi Zollo, Marie-Hélène Verlhac
Oocytes are female gametes specialized in storing maternal RNAs, proteins, lipids, and metabolites essential for embryonic development after fertilization, sometimes for decades in humans. To support this extended lifespan, oocytes have evolved mechanisms to organize specialized organelles. This review highlights recent discoveries on how oocytes regulate mRNA and protein accumulation, storage, and degradation over time. Additionally, we explore advances in understanding cytoplasmic activity and remodeling, particularly the role of cortex mechanical properties in fine-tuning organelle distribution and function to ensure proper oocyte development.
卵母细胞是雌性配子，专门储存受精后胚胎发育所必需的母体rna、蛋白质、脂质和代谢物，有时在人类中存在数十年。为了支持这种延长的寿命，卵母细胞进化出了组织专门细胞器的机制。本综述重点介绍了卵母细胞如何随时间调节mRNA和蛋白质的积累、储存和降解的最新发现。此外，我们还探讨了细胞质活性和重塑的研究进展，特别是皮层机械特性在微调细胞器分布和功能以确保卵母细胞发育中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
“Cancer progression through systemic signaling viewed from Drosophila” “从果蝇的系统信号看癌症进展”
IF 6 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
Current Opinion in Cell Biology
Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102545
Masato Enomoto , Shizue Ohsawa
Cancers develop through local interactions between tumor cells and neighboring cells within the tissue micro environment, while distinct organs regulate cancer progression and suppression via systemic factors. Recent studies in Drosophila have revealed systemic signaling pathways that influence tumor development. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which organ-derived molecules remotely trigger tumor growth and suppression. Additionally, we discuss how tumors dysregulate various organ systems, leading to animal mortality.
肿瘤通过组织微环境中肿瘤细胞与邻近细胞的局部相互作用而发展，而不同的器官通过全身因素调节肿瘤的进展和抑制。最近对果蝇的研究揭示了影响肿瘤发展的系统性信号通路。本文综述了器官源性分子远程触发肿瘤生长和抑制的机制。此外，我们讨论肿瘤如何失调各种器官系统，导致动物死亡。
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引用次数: 0
Recent advances in spying on cell signaling with fluorescent biosensors 荧光生物传感器探测细胞信号的最新进展
IF 6 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
Current Opinion in Cell Biology
Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102546
Qian-yi Zhang , Sohum Mehta , Jin Zhang
Cells routinely orchestrate the activities of diverse biochemical pathways to sustain cellular function and proliferation, as exemplified by their ability to faithfully convert extracellular signals into specific intracellular responses. The dynamic nature of intracellular signaling calls for appropriate tools to capture these complex molecular events. Recent advances in genetically encoded biosensor engineering are revolutionizing our ability to dissect the molecular mechanisms regulating signaling activities with unprecedented resolution. Here, we present a timely update on novel biosensor designs and highlight recent applications where biosensor imaging yielded breakthrough insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of GPCR signaling and cell cycle regulation.
细胞常规地协调各种生化途径的活动，以维持细胞功能和增殖，如它们忠实地将细胞外信号转化为特定的细胞内反应的能力。细胞内信号的动态特性需要适当的工具来捕捉这些复杂的分子事件。基因编码生物传感器工程的最新进展正在彻底改变我们以前所未有的分辨率解剖调节信号活动的分子机制的能力。在这里，我们及时更新了新的生物传感器设计，并重点介绍了生物传感器成像在GPCR信号传导和细胞周期调控的时空动态方面取得突破性进展的最新应用。
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引用次数: 0
Nutrient sensing and signalling of specific amino acids: Insights from Drosophila study 特定氨基酸的营养感知和信号传导：来自果蝇研究的见解
IF 6 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
Current Opinion in Cell Biology
Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102547
Ayano Oi , Fumiaki Obata
Maintaining amino acid (AA) homeostasis is necessary for organisms. To achieve this, organisms have evolved various signalling pathways regulated by sensing general or specific AA levels. Recently, advances in genetic and dietary manipulation have shed light upon how these AA signalling pathways regulate organismal physiology, metabolism, behaviour, and lifespan. However, elucidating the detailed mechanisms by which each AA is sensed and influences an animal's life is challenging. In some model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster, chemically defined diet has been developed to manipulate single nutrients, which enables us to study the organismal response to dietary restriction of particular AAs. In this review, we aim to discuss the latest findings on animals' responses to dietary AAs, with a focus on recent studies in Drosophila.
维持氨基酸（AA）的稳态对生物体是必要的。为了实现这一目标，生物体进化出各种信号通路，通过感知一般或特定的AA水平来调节。最近，遗传和饮食控制方面的进展揭示了这些AA信号通路如何调节生物体生理、代谢、行为和寿命。然而，阐明每个AA被感知和影响动物生活的详细机制是具有挑战性的。在一些模式生物中，如黑腹果蝇，化学定义的饮食已经发展到控制单一营养素，这使我们能够研究对特定AAs的饮食限制的有机体反应。在这篇综述中，我们旨在讨论动物对膳食氨基酸反应的最新发现，重点介绍了果蝇的最新研究。
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引用次数: 0
RAS/ERK signaling and PLK1: Coordinating developmental regulation and disease mechanisms RAS/ERK信号和PLK1：协调发育调控和疾病机制
IF 6 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
Current Opinion in Cell Biology
Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102544
Han Bit Baek , Swathi Arur
The RAS/ERK signaling pathway is a critical regulator of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and survival, core mechanisms that drive development. Dysregulation of RAS/ERK signaling is implicated in developmental disorders, including RASopathies, as well as in various cancers. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a crucial orchestrator of both meiotic and mitotic cell cycle and plays an equally important role in development. Notably, abnormal ERK signaling can produce phenotypes that closely resemble those caused by PLK1 deficiency, suggesting a functional intersection between these pathways. In this review, we explore the emerging links between RAS/ERK and PLK1 signaling during development and highlight the broad range of biological processes potentially governed by their interaction.
RAS/ERK信号通路是细胞增殖、分化和存活等过程的关键调控因子，是驱动细胞发育的核心机制。RAS/ERK信号的失调与包括RASopathies在内的发育障碍以及各种癌症有关。polo样激酶1 （PLK1）是减数分裂和有丝分裂细胞周期的重要协调者，在细胞发育中起着同样重要的作用。值得注意的是，异常的ERK信号可以产生与PLK1缺乏引起的表型非常相似的表型，这表明这些途径之间存在功能交叉。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了在发育过程中RAS/ERK和PLK1信号传导之间的新联系，并强调了它们相互作用可能控制的广泛的生物过程。
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引用次数: 0
The Notch pathway: A guardian of cell fate during neurogenesis Notch通路：神经发生过程中细胞命运的守护者
IF 6 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
Current Opinion in Cell Biology
Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102543
Rene Gonzalez , Danny Reinberg
The Notch signaling pathway is essential for cell fate decisions and maintaining epigenetic memory during nervous system development. It regulates neural stem cell maintenance, neuronal–glial differentiation, and neural circuit formation. Notch activation, through ligand–receptor interactions, releases the Notch intracellular domain, which modulates gene expression in the nucleus. This context-dependent regulation allows Notch to balance proliferation and differentiation, integrating with other pathways and epigenetic regulators to preserve neural stem cell identity and respond to environmental cues. Notch signaling dysfunction is linked to various neurological disorders, highlighting its critical role in nervous system development and homeostasis. This review explores the multifaceted functions of Notch signaling, emphasizing its impact on cell fate and epigenetic memory in early neurogenesis and the adult brain.
Notch信号通路在神经系统发育过程中对细胞命运决定和维持表观遗传记忆至关重要。它调节神经干细胞的维持、神经元-胶质细胞分化和神经回路的形成。Notch激活，通过配体与受体的相互作用，释放Notch胞内结构域，从而调节细胞核中的基因表达。这种依赖于环境的调节允许Notch平衡增殖和分化，与其他途径和表观遗传调节因子结合，以保持神经干细胞的身份并对环境线索作出反应。Notch信号功能障碍与多种神经系统疾病有关，突出了其在神经系统发育和体内平衡中的关键作用。这篇综述探讨了Notch信号的多方面功能，强调了它在早期神经发生和成人大脑中对细胞命运和表观遗传记忆的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Biogenesis, function and evolution of the archaeal S-layer 古细菌s层的生物发生、功能和进化
IF 6 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
Current Opinion in Cell Biology
Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102534
Shamphavi Sivabalasarma , Marleen van Wolferen , Sonja-Verena Albers , Arthur Charles-Orszag
The archaeal S-layer represents one of the most ancient and versatile cell surface structures, playing critical roles in maintaining cellular integrity, mediating environmental interactions, and enabling cellular flexibility. Recent advances in structural biology, including cryo-electron microscopy and computational tools like AlphaFold, have unveiled the structural intricacies and diversity of these proteinaceous layers. This review highlights the biogenesis, structural assembly, evolutionary adaptations, and functional roles of archaeal S-layers, focusing on model organisms such as Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and Haloferax volcanii. Additionally, we discuss outstanding questions and future directions for the study of archaeal cell envelopes.
古细菌s层代表了最古老和多功能的细胞表面结构之一，在维持细胞完整性，调节环境相互作用和实现细胞灵活性方面发挥着关键作用。结构生物学的最新进展，包括低温电子显微镜和像AlphaFold这样的计算工具，揭示了这些蛋白质层结构的复杂性和多样性。本文综述了古细菌s层的生物起源、结构组合、进化适应和功能作用，重点介绍了酸性硫藻（Sulfolobus acidocalarius）和火山盐藻（Haloferax volcanii）等模式生物。此外，我们还讨论了古细菌细胞包膜研究中存在的问题和未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
The power of connections: Recent advances in understanding the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics by membrane contact sites 连接的力量：通过膜接触位点理解线粒体动力学调节的最新进展
IF 6 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
Current Opinion in Cell Biology
Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102535
Jason C. Casler, Laura L. Lackner
The continuous remodeling of the mitochondrial network through fusion, fission, transport, and turnover events, collectively known as mitochondrial dynamics, is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial metabolic and genomic health. While the primary molecular machines that mediate these processes were discovered decades ago, the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics clearly involves additional factors. A major breakthrough came from the discovery that sites of close apposition between organelles, known as membrane contact sites (MCSs), serve as critical regulators of organelle function. MCSs between mitochondria and the ER are now universally recognized as important regulatory hubs of mitochondrial dynamics. Despite this, there are still many unknowns pertaining to the mechanisms by which MCSs influence mitochondrial dynamics. In this review, we describe recent progress identifying novel protein and lipid components that regulate mitochondrial dynamics and emphasize clear gaps in our understanding of how mitochondrial dynamics are coordinated at MCSs. Finally, we conclude by discussing progress towards defining the highly biomedically relevant, but enigmatic, role of mitochondrial dynamics in the preservation of mitochondrial DNA integrity.
线粒体网络通过融合、裂变、转运和周转事件的持续重塑，统称为线粒体动力学，对维持线粒体代谢和基因组健康至关重要。虽然介导这些过程的主要分子机器在几十年前就被发现了，但线粒体动力学的调节显然涉及其他因素。一个重大的突破来自于发现细胞器之间紧密结合的位点，即膜接触位点（MCSs），是细胞器功能的关键调节因子。线粒体和内质网之间的MCSs现在被普遍认为是线粒体动力学的重要调控中心。尽管如此，关于mcs影响线粒体动力学的机制仍有许多未知因素。在这篇综述中，我们描述了最近发现的调节线粒体动力学的新蛋白质和脂质成分的进展，并强调了我们对线粒体动力学如何在mcs中协调的理解的明确空白。最后，我们通过讨论在定义高度生物医学相关但神秘的线粒体动力学在保存线粒体DNA完整性中的作用方面的进展来结束。
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引用次数: 0
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