Current Opinion in Cell Biology最新文献

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Actin cytoskeleton protection by the formin-mediated safety valve 甲酸介导的安全阀对肌动蛋白细胞骨架的保护作用。

IF 4.3 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102593

Fernando R. Valencia, Sergey V. Plotnikov

Mechanical forces shape cellular form and function by regulating key cellular processes; however, when dysregulated, they contribute to disease. Excessive forces can be detrimental to cells, damaging cytoskeleton, deforming nuclei, and even rupturing the cell itself. To counteract these effects, cells deploy protective mechanisms that enhance mechanical resilience. Emerging evidence highlights a novel strategy for rapid tension release via force-dependent actin polymerization mediated by formin-family proteins such as Dia1. Acting as a mechanical “safety valve”, Dia1 buffers otherwise damaging stress and promotes zyxin-mediated repair, preserving cytoskeletal architecture, safeguarding the nucleus, and maintaining cellular integrity. Loss of Dia1 disrupts signaling cascades that converge on key mechanotransduction processes governing cell fate and disease progression. In this review, we explore recent advances in force-dependent actin polymerization and its role in cytoskeletal protection, nuclear homeostasis, and cellular adaptation to mechanical forces.

机械力通过调节关键细胞过程塑造细胞形态和功能；然而，当失调时，它们会导致疾病。过度的力对细胞是有害的，破坏细胞骨架，使细胞核变形，甚至使细胞本身破裂。为了抵消这些影响，细胞部署了增强机械弹性的保护机制。新出现的证据强调了一种通过力依赖性肌动蛋白聚合介导的快速张力释放的新策略，该聚合由形成蛋白家族蛋白如Dia1介导。作为一个机械的“安全阀”，Dia1缓冲了其他破坏性的压力，促进酶蛋白介导的修复，保存细胞骨架结构，保护细胞核，维持细胞完整性。Dia1的缺失破坏了信号级联反应，这些信号级联反应集中在控制细胞命运和疾病进展的关键机械转导过程上。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了力依赖性肌动蛋白聚合及其在细胞骨架保护、核稳态和细胞对机械力的适应中的作用的最新进展。

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Autophagy regulation by signaling 通过信号调节自噬。

IF 4.3 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102595

Tor Erik Rusten

The first identified regulators of autophagy were the hormones Glucagon and Insulin, long before the recognition that they act through receptor-mediated cell signaling pathways. More than two decades since the identification of the autophagy molecular machinery, we appreciate that regulation of autophagy is complex, operates at several levels, and serves many functions to maintain cellular and organismal health. TORC1 remains the best-defined gatekeeper, serving to sense nutrient and energy sufficiency while also integrating systemic growth factor signaling to control cell growth and autophagy autonomously. This review summarizes the current understanding of autophagy regulation by signaling through TORC1-dependent and independent mechanisms and discusses the emerging understanding of control and coordinated response of autophagy at the organism level.

早在认识到它们通过受体介导的细胞信号通路起作用之前，第一个确定的自噬调节因子是激素胰高血糖素和胰岛素。自自噬分子机制被发现以来的二十多年里，我们认识到自噬的调控是复杂的，在几个层面上运作，并在维持细胞和机体健康方面发挥着许多功能。TORC1仍然是最佳定义的看门人，用于感知营养和能量的充足性，同时也整合系统生长因子信号来自主控制细胞生长和自噬。本文综述了目前对自噬通过torc1依赖和独立的信号调节机制的认识，并讨论了在生物体水平上对自噬控制和协调反应的新认识。

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New insights into signaling networks coordinating epidermal stem cell regulation in skin regeneration and aging 在皮肤再生和衰老中协调表皮干细胞调节的信号网络的新见解。

IF 4.3 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102594

Mizuho Ishikawa , Hung Manh Phung , Thisakorn Dumrongphuttidecha , Aiko Sada

The skin is a dynamic, regenerative organ capable of withstanding diverse internal and external stresses, supported by tissue-resident stem cells. A complex signaling network regulates interactions between epidermal stem cells, dermal cells, immune cells, and the extracellular matrix to maintain tissue integrity. Disruptions in these signaling pathways can impair cellular communication, alter stem cell lineage commitment, and compromise epidermal stem cell identity, ultimately resulting in a loss of coordinated tissue function. In this review, we highlight recent insights into three key signaling factors—metabolic, mechanical, and inflammatory cues—that regulate epidermal stem cell behavior during homeostasis, regeneration, and aging. We further discuss how dysregulation of these pathways contributes to pathological skin remodeling and explore emerging intervention strategies targeting signaling molecules to restore epidermal stem cell function and skin health.

皮肤是一个动态的再生器官，能够承受各种内部和外部压力，由组织驻留干细胞支持。一个复杂的信号网络调节表皮干细胞、真皮细胞、免疫细胞和细胞外基质之间的相互作用，以维持组织的完整性。这些信号通路的中断会损害细胞通讯，改变干细胞谱系的承诺，损害表皮干细胞的身份，最终导致协调组织功能的丧失。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了最近对调节表皮干细胞在稳态、再生和衰老过程中的行为的三个关键信号因子——代谢、机械和炎症信号的见解。我们进一步讨论了这些通路的失调如何促进病理性皮肤重塑，并探索了针对信号分子的新兴干预策略，以恢复表皮干细胞功能和皮肤健康。

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KASH proteins transform from passive tethers to dynamic conductors of motor-driven nuclear dynamics. KASH蛋白从被动系绳转变为动力驱动核动力学的动态导体。

IF 4.3 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102578

G W Gant Luxton, Selin Gümüşderelioğlu, Kassandra M Ori-McKenney, Daniel A Starr, Richard J McKenney

Nuclear-cytoskeletal coupling orchestrates critical cellular processes from migration to tissue organization. At the core of this machinery, outer nuclear membrane Klarsicht/ANC-1/SYNE homology (KASH) proteins function as sophisticated molecular conductors rather than simple structural tethers. This review examines three principles redefining these versatile proteins: specialized interfaces for selective microtubule motor protein recruitment that orchestrate diverse chromosomal and nuclear dynamics, coordination of multiple cytoskeletal systems through simultaneous engagement with actin and microtubules, and tissue-specific regulation that explains the diverse KASH protein-related disease manifestations. This framework provides insights into conditions from muscular dystrophy to neurodegeneration and suggests targeted therapeutic opportunities.

核-细胞骨架耦合协调从迁移到组织组织的关键细胞过程。在这一机制的核心，外核膜Klarsicht/ ac -1/SYNE同源（KASH）蛋白是复杂的分子导体，而不是简单的结构绳索。这篇综述探讨了重新定义这些多功能蛋白的三个原则：选择性微管运动蛋白募集的专门界面，协调多种染色体和核动力学，通过同时参与肌动蛋白和微管来协调多个细胞骨架系统，以及解释多种KASH蛋白相关疾病表现的组织特异性调节。这个框架提供了从肌肉萎缩症到神经退行性疾病的见解，并提出了有针对性的治疗机会。

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From images to understanding: Advances in deep learning for cellular dynamics analysis 从图像到理解：细胞动力学分析的深度学习进展。

IF 4.3 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102585

Benjamin Woodhams , Virginie Uhlmann

Deep learning (DL) has revolutionized bioimage analysis, enabling unprecedented insights into cellular dynamics. This review provides an overview of state-of-the-art DL approaches for quantifying cellular dynamics from 2D microscopy images, considering the three fundamental steps in dynamics analysis: identifying objects in space through segmentation, connecting them through time via tracking, and extracting meaningful measurements from their resulting trajectories. We highlight how recent methodological innovations in DL are complementing more classical, long-established algorithms, and discuss emerging trends as well as the importance of ensuring that DL-powered cellular dynamics analysis remains scientifically sound and accessible. By discussing methodological advances and pointing to available practical tools, this review aims to bridge the gap between computational expertise and biological applications, providing guidance to help navigate this rapidly evolving field and identify approaches that are relevant to specific research questions.

深度学习（DL）彻底改变了生物图像分析，使人们能够前所未有地了解细胞动力学。这篇综述概述了从二维显微镜图像中量化细胞动力学的最先进的深度学习方法，考虑了动力学分析的三个基本步骤：通过分割识别空间中的物体，通过跟踪将它们连接起来，并从它们的结果轨迹中提取有意义的测量。我们强调了深度学习中最近的方法创新是如何补充更经典的、长期建立的算法的，并讨论了新兴趋势，以及确保深度学习驱动的细胞动力学分析保持科学合理和可访问的重要性。通过讨论方法的进步和指出可用的实用工具，本综述旨在弥合计算专业知识和生物学应用之间的差距，为帮助导航这一快速发展的领域提供指导，并确定与特定研究问题相关的方法。

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of cellular fitness and cell competition: Towards an integrated view. 细胞适应和细胞竞争的机制：迈向一个综合的观点。

IF 4.3 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102571

Jules Lavalou, Karyna Kulakova, Yogaspoorthi J Subramaniam, Eugenia Piddini

Cell competition is a fundamental mechanism of tissue quality control that enables the selective elimination of less fit, mis-specified, diseased or aged cells. By shaping tissue composition, it plays a critical role in development, organismal health and a wide range of physiological and pathological contexts, including cancer. As its biological significance continues to grow, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying cell competition is essential for advancing our understanding of tissue biology, disease progression and future therapeutic strategies. In this review, we highlight recently identified, evolutionarily conserved pathways that govern cell competition through metabolites and systemic signals, proteostasis and mechanical exchange. By integrating findings across species and pathways, we reveal how these distinct mechanisms may intersect and coordinate to determine competitive outcomes, providing a conceptual framework to inform and guide future research.

细胞竞争是组织质量控制的一种基本机制，它能够选择性地消除不太合适、不正确、患病或衰老的细胞。通过塑造组织组成，它在发育、机体健康和广泛的生理和病理环境（包括癌症）中起着关键作用。随着其生物学意义的不断增长，阐明细胞竞争的分子机制对于促进我们对组织生物学、疾病进展和未来治疗策略的理解至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们强调了最近发现的，进化上保守的途径，通过代谢物和系统信号，蛋白质平衡和机械交换来控制细胞竞争。通过整合跨物种和途径的发现，我们揭示了这些不同的机制如何交叉和协调以确定竞争结果，提供了一个概念框架，以告知和指导未来的研究。

引用次数: 0

Dynamic regulation of cell death signaling 细胞死亡信号的动态调控

IF 4.3 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102583

Asma Majoul , Ana J. Garcia-Saez

There are many ways for a cell to die, but each cell only dies once, causing an inherent variability that results from common triggers activating interconnected signaling networks that diverge at key decision points during cell death initiation, progression, and execution. Despite the death of each cell being a unique biomolecular event, shared features allow us to categorize the process depending on the pathways activated and their outcomes. Here we outline core concepts about the dynamic interplay between cell death pathways, focusing on apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. We highlight unresolved decision points, including the dynamics of pore formation and the points of no return. We also discuss conceptual commonalities across systems and outline key recent developments that refine our understanding of the dynamic regulation of cell death.

细胞死亡的方式有很多种，但每个细胞只死亡一次，导致固有的可变性，这种可变性是由激活相互连接的信号网络的共同触发器引起的，这些信号网络在细胞死亡的开始、进展和执行过程中的关键决策点出现分歧。尽管每个细胞的死亡都是一个独特的生物分子事件，但共同的特征使我们能够根据激活的途径及其结果对这一过程进行分类。在这里，我们概述了细胞死亡途径之间动态相互作用的核心概念，重点是细胞凋亡、坏死坏死、焦亡和铁亡。我们强调了未解决的决策点，包括孔隙形成的动力学和不返回点。我们还讨论了跨系统的概念共性，并概述了最近的关键发展，以完善我们对细胞死亡动态调控的理解。

引用次数: 0

Modeling cytoskeletal and cell dynamics 模拟细胞骨架和细胞动力学

IF 4.3 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102584

Christoph Anton , Franziska Lautenschläger , Rhoda J. Hawkins

Here we give an overview of recent theoretical and experimental work on modeling the mechanics and dynamics of the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is a multicomponent, complex and active material that is essential to cell mechanics and dynamics. We focus on one of the main components of this material, namely actin filaments. We discuss these filaments and their interactions with other proteins within the cytoskeleton. To fully understand the cytoskeleton, it is important to consider both theoretical and experimental work in calculo, in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and in situ. We review the current state of knowledge and look forward to further work to come on aspects not yet understood.

在这里，我们概述了最近的理论和实验工作，模拟的力学和动力学的细胞骨架。细胞骨架是一种多组分、复杂的活性物质，对细胞力学和动力学至关重要。我们关注这种材料的主要成分之一，即肌动蛋白丝。我们讨论这些细丝及其与细胞骨架内其他蛋白质的相互作用。为了充分了解细胞骨架，重要的是要考虑结石，硅，体外，体内和原位的理论和实验工作。我们回顾了目前的知识状况，并期待在尚未理解的方面开展进一步的工作。

引用次数: 0

Roles of molecular motors in insulin-secreting beta cells 分子马达在胰岛素分泌β细胞中的作用

IF 4.3 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102582

Syed N. Barmaver, Guoqiang Gu, Irina Kaverina

Pancreatic β cells are essential for glucose homeostasis through the regulated secretion of insulin in response to rising glucose levels. A critical component of this process is the precise and timely positioning of insulin secretory granules (ISGs) at the secretion sites on the plasma membrane. This positioning is mediated by molecular motors that transport ISGs along cytoskeletal tracks, including microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments. Despite their importance, the roles of molecular motors in insulin-secreting β cells remain incompletely understood. In this review, we summarize current findings on the involvement of molecular motors both in ISG transport, directly regulating granule availability for secretion, and in the organization of other subcellular structures, thereby indirectly influencing secretion. These indirect roles include kinesin-1-mediated microtubule sliding that configures the β cell-specific MT network, the spatial organization of calcium channels, and mitochondrial positioning, among others. We also draw parallels between β cells and neurons, proposing that insights from neuronal motor protein studies can guide future research directions in β cell biology.

胰腺β细胞通过调节胰岛素分泌来应对葡萄糖水平升高，对葡萄糖稳态至关重要。这个过程的一个关键组成部分是胰岛素分泌颗粒（isg）在质膜分泌部位的精确和及时定位。这种定位是由沿着细胞骨架轨道运输isg的分子马达介导的，包括微管（MTs）和肌动蛋白丝。尽管它们很重要，但分子马达在胰岛素分泌β细胞中的作用仍然不完全清楚。在这篇综述中，我们总结了分子马达参与ISG运输的最新发现，直接调节颗粒的分泌，以及其他亚细胞结构的组织，从而间接影响分泌。这些间接作用包括驱动蛋白-1介导的微管滑动，配置β细胞特异性MT网络，钙通道的空间组织和线粒体定位等。我们还得出了β细胞和神经元之间的相似之处，提出神经元运动蛋白研究的见解可以指导β细胞生物学的未来研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

Cell signaling across scales in health and disease 健康和疾病中的细胞信号传导

IF 4.3 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102581

Victoria Sanz-Moreno, Boon Chuan Low

引用次数: 0

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