What if instead of having to implement controversial user tracking techniques, Internet advertising & marketing companies asked explicitly to be granted access to user data by name and category, such as Alice→Mobility→05-11-2020? The technology for implementing this already exists, and is none other than the Information Centric Networks (ICN), developed for over a decade in the framework of Next Generation Internet (NGI) initiatives. Beyond named access to personal data, ICN's in-network storage capability can be used as a substrate for retrieving aggregated, anonymized data, or even for executing complex analytics within the network, with no personal data leaking outside. In this opinion article we discuss how ICNs combined with trusted execution environments and digital watermarking, can be combined to build a personal data overlay inter-network in which users will be able to control who gets access to their personal data, know where each copy of said data is, negotiate payments in exchange for data, and even claim ownership, and establish accountability for data leakages due to malfunctions or malice. Of course, coming up with concrete designs about how to achieve all the above will require a huge effort from a dedicated community willing to change how personal data are handled on the Internet. Our hope is that this opinion article can plant some initial seeds towards this direction.
{"title":"What do information centric networks, trusted execution environments, and digital watermarking have to do with privacy, the data economy, and their future?","authors":"Nikolaos Laoutaris, Costas Iordanou","doi":"10.1145/3457175.3457181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457175.3457181","url":null,"abstract":"What if instead of having to implement controversial user tracking techniques, Internet advertising & marketing companies asked explicitly to be granted access to user data by name and category, such as Alice→Mobility→05-11-2020? The technology for implementing this already exists, and is none other than the Information Centric Networks (ICN), developed for over a decade in the framework of Next Generation Internet (NGI) initiatives. Beyond named access to personal data, ICN's in-network storage capability can be used as a substrate for retrieving aggregated, anonymized data, or even for executing complex analytics within the network, with no personal data leaking outside. In this opinion article we discuss how ICNs combined with trusted execution environments and digital watermarking, can be combined to build a personal data overlay inter-network in which users will be able to control who gets access to their personal data, know where each copy of said data is, negotiate payments in exchange for data, and even claim ownership, and establish accountability for data leakages due to malfunctions or malice. Of course, coming up with concrete designs about how to achieve all the above will require a huge effort from a dedicated community willing to change how personal data are handled on the Internet. Our hope is that this opinion article can plant some initial seeds towards this direction.","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":"14 1","pages":"32 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83452748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments introduced several social restrictions. As of 18 March 2020, more than 250 million people were in lockdown in Europe. This drastically increased the number of online activities. Due to this unprecedented situation, some concerns arose about the suitability of the Internet network to sustain the increased usage. Italy was severely hit by the first wave of the pandemic and various regions underwent a lockdown before the main country-wide one. The Italian network operators started sharing information about improvements carried out on the network and new measures adopted to support the increase in Internet usage. In this report, by means of a questionnaire, we collect information and provide a quantitative overview of the actions undertaken by network operators in Italy. The attitude of Italian operators was synergic and proactive in supporting the changed market conditions caused by the public health emergency.
{"title":"Italian operators' response to the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Massimo Candela, Antonio Prado","doi":"10.1145/3457175.3457180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457175.3457180","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments introduced several social restrictions. As of 18 March 2020, more than 250 million people were in lockdown in Europe. This drastically increased the number of online activities. Due to this unprecedented situation, some concerns arose about the suitability of the Internet network to sustain the increased usage. Italy was severely hit by the first wave of the pandemic and various regions underwent a lockdown before the main country-wide one. The Italian network operators started sharing information about improvements carried out on the network and new measures adopted to support the increase in Internet usage. In this report, by means of a questionnaire, we collect information and provide a quantitative overview of the actions undertaken by network operators in Italy. The attitude of Italian operators was synergic and proactive in supporting the changed market conditions caused by the public health emergency.","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":"5 1","pages":"26 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87429240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: White cerebellum sign is a rare and ominous radiological finding on CT-Scan brain in patients with severe anoxicischemic brain damage. It is usually seen in patients with global brain anoxia usually due to extra-cranial causes. Case presentation: We present a rare case of an elderly male who presented with headache, drowsiness and history of complex partial seizures for two days before admission. On investigations, CPK was raised. All other tests including complete blood picture, liver function tests, renal function tests, serum electrolytes and urine routine examination were normal. CT-Scan brain plain showed white cerebellum sign along with diffuse cerebral edema. Conclusion: The diagnosis of white cerebellum sign was made, and patient was managed accordingly. Patient’s family was counseled about poor prognosis and outcomes of patient.
{"title":"White Cerebellum Sign is a Rare Finding Representing an Irreversible Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury: A Case Report","authors":"Anum Ashfaq, Muhammad Irshad Khan","doi":"10.46527/2582-5038.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46527/2582-5038.180","url":null,"abstract":"Background: White cerebellum sign is a rare and ominous radiological finding on CT-Scan brain in patients with severe anoxicischemic brain damage. It is usually seen in patients with global brain anoxia usually due to extra-cranial causes. Case presentation: We present a rare case of an elderly male who presented with headache, drowsiness and history of complex partial seizures for two days before admission. On investigations, CPK was raised. All other tests including complete blood picture, liver function tests, renal function tests, serum electrolytes and urine routine examination were normal. CT-Scan brain plain showed white cerebellum sign along with diffuse cerebral edema. Conclusion: The diagnosis of white cerebellum sign was made, and patient was managed accordingly. Patient’s family was counseled about poor prognosis and outcomes of patient.","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42276914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Vinod, Muhammad Umar Matai, Talal Aziz, R. Gerjy
Spontaneous sub capsular hematoma of the liver is a rare clinical condition, more commonly seen in pregnancy when associated with pre-eclampsia and HELLP (Hemolysis Elevated Liver Enzymes and Low Platelets) Syndrome. It is also reported in patients with gross anatomical liver lesions, coagulopathy, bleeding disorders and those on anti-coagulants. We report a 44-year-old female patient who presented with sudden onset of diffuse abdomen pain. Computed Tomography (CT) scan of abdomen showed spontaneous large sub capsular hematoma of liver. Our patient did not have any of the above-mentioned conditions. To our knowledge and as per the literature reviewed, this is one of the largest sub capsular hematoma of the liver ever reported. Spontaneous sub capsular hematoma of the liver is an infrequent occurrence in clinical practice. It is an accumulation of blood between the hepatic parenchymal tissue and its overlying Glisson capsule thereby stretching it and causing abdominal pain and discomfort. Liver hematoma does not have a distinctive clinical presentation and the symptoms with which patient present to the hospital include abdominal discomfort and right upper abdominal pain. Prompt recognition may be entertained in patients presenting with sudden onset abdominal pain and CT scan done early in doubtful cases may aid in early diagnosis. Patients can be treated with non-operative management in cases of hemodynamic stability with vigilant monitoring.
{"title":"An Interesting Case of a Large Spontaneous Sub Capsular Hematoma of Liver","authors":"V. Vinod, Muhammad Umar Matai, Talal Aziz, R. Gerjy","doi":"10.46527/2582-5038.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46527/2582-5038.179","url":null,"abstract":"Spontaneous sub capsular hematoma of the liver is a rare clinical condition, more commonly seen in pregnancy when associated with pre-eclampsia and HELLP (Hemolysis Elevated Liver Enzymes and Low Platelets) Syndrome. It is also reported in patients with gross anatomical liver lesions, coagulopathy, bleeding disorders and those on anti-coagulants. We report a 44-year-old female patient who presented with sudden onset of diffuse abdomen pain. Computed Tomography (CT) scan of abdomen showed spontaneous large sub capsular hematoma of liver. Our patient did not have any of the above-mentioned conditions. To our knowledge and as per the literature reviewed, this is one of the largest sub capsular hematoma of the liver ever reported. Spontaneous sub capsular hematoma of the liver is an infrequent occurrence in clinical practice. It is an accumulation of blood between the hepatic parenchymal tissue and its overlying Glisson capsule thereby stretching it and causing abdominal pain and discomfort. Liver hematoma does not have a distinctive clinical presentation and the symptoms with which patient present to the hospital include abdominal discomfort and right upper abdominal pain. Prompt recognition may be entertained in patients presenting with sudden onset abdominal pain and CT scan done early in doubtful cases may aid in early diagnosis. Patients can be treated with non-operative management in cases of hemodynamic stability with vigilant monitoring.","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41784491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sclera to the Rescue in the Covid-19 Pandemic- Therapeutic Scleral Grafting in Perforated Corneal Ulcers due to Donor Cornea Shortage","authors":"R. Natarajan, Hiren D. Matai, N. Narayanan","doi":"10.46527/2582-5038.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46527/2582-5038.178","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47566440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Khan, Y. Zaki, Shiva R. Iyer, Talal Ahmad, Thomas Pötsch, Jay Chen, Anirudh Sivaraman, L. Subramanian
Analyzing and interpreting the exact behavior of new delay-based congestion control protocols with complex non-linear control loops is exceptionally difficult in highly variable networks such as cellular networks. This paper proposes a Model-Driven Interpretability (MDI) congestion control framework, which derives a model version of a delay-based protocol by simplifying a congestion control protocol's response into a guided random walk over a two-dimensional Markov model. We demonstrate the case for the MDI framework by using MDI to analyze and interpret the behavior of two delay-based protocols over cellular channels: Verus and Copa. Our results show a successful approximation of throughput and delay characteristics of the protocols' model versions across variable network conditions. The learned model of a protocol provides key insights into an algorithm's convergence properties.
{"title":"The case for model-driven interpretability of delay-based congestion control protocols","authors":"Muhammad Khan, Y. Zaki, Shiva R. Iyer, Talal Ahmad, Thomas Pötsch, Jay Chen, Anirudh Sivaraman, L. Subramanian","doi":"10.1145/3457175.3457179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457175.3457179","url":null,"abstract":"Analyzing and interpreting the exact behavior of new delay-based congestion control protocols with complex non-linear control loops is exceptionally difficult in highly variable networks such as cellular networks. This paper proposes a Model-Driven Interpretability (MDI) congestion control framework, which derives a model version of a delay-based protocol by simplifying a congestion control protocol's response into a guided random walk over a two-dimensional Markov model. We demonstrate the case for the MDI framework by using MDI to analyze and interpret the behavior of two delay-based protocols over cellular channels: Verus and Copa. Our results show a successful approximation of throughput and delay characteristics of the protocols' model versions across variable network conditions. The learned model of a protocol provides key insights into an algorithm's convergence properties.","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":"38 1","pages":"18 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73777936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.11648/J.CCR.20210501.12
Z. Onouchi, Akiko Hamaoka-Okamoto, Chinatsu Suzuki, K. Hamaoka
Backgrounds. The mechanism causing coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease (KD) has not yet been fully clarified. Objective. We hypothesized that the main coronary artery (MCA) segment perfused by the vasa vasorum (VV) arose from the atrial and ventricular branches of peripheral coronary arteries in the myocardium (Type 1 VV externa) is more prone to aneurysm formation than that perfused by Type 2 VV originated from the ostium. Methods and Results. We reviewed the coronary angiography and two-dimensional echocardiogram (2DE) data of KD patients in our hospital and measured the distances from the left coronary ostium to the proximal point of the aneurysm in the left MCA (D1) and to the MCA bifurcation (D2). We found that the ratio of the distances (D1/D2) was negatively correlated with the patients’ age of KD onset, indicating that longitudinal extension of the left MCA aneurysms coincided with the development of Type 1 VV externa. We performed a literature review of KD cases with extracardiac aneurysms and found that 15 patients also had giant aneurysms in the MCA. Also, 8 of 9 extracardiac aneurysm cases whose clear 2DE images were available in the reports, the giant MCA aneurysms seemed to have developed at positions immediately adjacent to the ostium. We assume that the giant coronary aneurysms might be a consequence of the coincidence of aneurysms in the MCA segments perfused by Type 1 and 2 VV externas and reflect a severe inflammation where Type 2 VV externa which is less susceptible to blood flow reduction than Type 1 VV externa is affected. Conclusions. Vasculitis in VV externa with the unique structure originating from and distributing most richly across coronary arteries might induce a vicious circle of hypoperfusion of VV externa and reduced coronary blood flow.
{"title":"Vasculitis of Vasa Vasorum and Aneurysm Formation in Kawasaki Disease: Predilection for Coronary Arteries Lesions","authors":"Z. Onouchi, Akiko Hamaoka-Okamoto, Chinatsu Suzuki, K. Hamaoka","doi":"10.11648/J.CCR.20210501.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CCR.20210501.12","url":null,"abstract":"Backgrounds. The mechanism causing coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease (KD) has not yet been fully clarified. Objective. We hypothesized that the main coronary artery (MCA) segment perfused by the vasa vasorum (VV) arose from the atrial and ventricular branches of peripheral coronary arteries in the myocardium (Type 1 VV externa) is more prone to aneurysm formation than that perfused by Type 2 VV originated from the ostium. Methods and Results. We reviewed the coronary angiography and two-dimensional echocardiogram (2DE) data of KD patients in our hospital and measured the distances from the left coronary ostium to the proximal point of the aneurysm in the left MCA (D1) and to the MCA bifurcation (D2). We found that the ratio of the distances (D1/D2) was negatively correlated with the patients’ age of KD onset, indicating that longitudinal extension of the left MCA aneurysms coincided with the development of Type 1 VV externa. We performed a literature review of KD cases with extracardiac aneurysms and found that 15 patients also had giant aneurysms in the MCA. Also, 8 of 9 extracardiac aneurysm cases whose clear 2DE images were available in the reports, the giant MCA aneurysms seemed to have developed at positions immediately adjacent to the ostium. We assume that the giant coronary aneurysms might be a consequence of the coincidence of aneurysms in the MCA segments perfused by Type 1 and 2 VV externas and reflect a severe inflammation where Type 2 VV externa which is less susceptible to blood flow reduction than Type 1 VV externa is affected. Conclusions. Vasculitis in VV externa with the unique structure originating from and distributing most richly across coronary arteries might induce a vicious circle of hypoperfusion of VV externa and reduced coronary blood flow.","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":"5 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49052400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.11648/J.CCR.20210501.13
Mahmoud Ragab Darwish, W. Farid, A. Elkersh
Background: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. However, survival after acute STEMI has considerably improved due to increasing symptom recognition, accurate diagnosis and effective timely reperfusion. This study aimed to investigate the relation between the level of oxidative stress markers and coronary no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patients & Methods: This prospective cohort study included 90 patients admitted with acute STEMI at cardiovascular medicine department Naser Institute hospital, during the period from June 2018 till 12 months. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the post primary PCI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow score into: Group I: 45 patients with no-reflow phenomenon. Group II: 45 patients with TIMI flow ≥ 2 after primary PCI. They all underwent primary PCI within 24 hours of presentation. Results: This study showed increased concentrations of Malondialdehide (MDA) in the circulation of patients with no-reflow indicating increased lipid peroxidation which could be attributed to a deficiency of antioxidant defense mechanism. In group I, pt with coronary no-reflow MDA level ranged from 2.8-4.5 nmol/mL with mean 3.9±1.5 nmol/mL, while in group II control group, MDA level ranged from 1.1 – 2.1 nmol/mL with mean 1.55±0.4 nmol/mL, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (P value<0.004). Conclusions: no-reflow phenomenon after primary PCI can be predicted using the oxidative stress markers.
{"title":"Influence of Oxidative Stress Markers on Coronary No-reflow After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction","authors":"Mahmoud Ragab Darwish, W. Farid, A. Elkersh","doi":"10.11648/J.CCR.20210501.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CCR.20210501.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. However, survival after acute STEMI has considerably improved due to increasing symptom recognition, accurate diagnosis and effective timely reperfusion. This study aimed to investigate the relation between the level of oxidative stress markers and coronary no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patients & Methods: This prospective cohort study included 90 patients admitted with acute STEMI at cardiovascular medicine department Naser Institute hospital, during the period from June 2018 till 12 months. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the post primary PCI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow score into: Group I: 45 patients with no-reflow phenomenon. Group II: 45 patients with TIMI flow ≥ 2 after primary PCI. They all underwent primary PCI within 24 hours of presentation. Results: This study showed increased concentrations of Malondialdehide (MDA) in the circulation of patients with no-reflow indicating increased lipid peroxidation which could be attributed to a deficiency of antioxidant defense mechanism. In group I, pt with coronary no-reflow MDA level ranged from 2.8-4.5 nmol/mL with mean 3.9±1.5 nmol/mL, while in group II control group, MDA level ranged from 1.1 – 2.1 nmol/mL with mean 1.55±0.4 nmol/mL, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (P value<0.004). Conclusions: no-reflow phenomenon after primary PCI can be predicted using the oxidative stress markers.","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":"5 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47891959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-12DOI: 10.11648/J.CCR.20210501.11
Grace Kahambu Kapakasi, R. Mawa, Judith Namuyonga, Sulaiman Lubega
Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality associated with congenital malformations among children. Not knowing the risk profile of CHD among children in Uganda impedes development of effective prevention interventions. In this hospital based unmatched case-control study we examined risk factors for all types of CHD among 179 pair of case and control children aged 0-10 years old at Mulago National Referral Hospital. Odds ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multivariate logistic regression. Low birth weight (adjusted OR: 3.15, 95% CI 1.48 - 6.69), high birth order ≥5th birth order (adjusted OR: 3.69 (1.10 – 12.54), maternal febrile illness during pregnancy, maternal and paternal alcohol consumption, and paternal socio-economic status were associated with CHD. Family history of CHD, maternal education level, maternal chronic illness, and paternal education level were not associated with CHD. The results suggest: low birth weight, high birth order, and maternal febrile illness during pregnancy, parental alcohol use and paternal socio-economic status as dominant risk factors for CHD among children. Rigorous implementation of public health policies and strategies targeting prevention of febrile illness during pregnancy, maternal malnutrition, parental alcohol consumption, delivery of high number of children per woman, might be important in reducing the burden of CHD among children in Uganda.
{"title":"Factors Associated with Congenital Heart Diseases among Children in Uganda: A Case-Control Study at Mulago National Referral Hospital (Uganda Heart Institute)","authors":"Grace Kahambu Kapakasi, R. Mawa, Judith Namuyonga, Sulaiman Lubega","doi":"10.11648/J.CCR.20210501.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CCR.20210501.11","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality associated with congenital malformations among children. Not knowing the risk profile of CHD among children in Uganda impedes development of effective prevention interventions. In this hospital based unmatched case-control study we examined risk factors for all types of CHD among 179 pair of case and control children aged 0-10 years old at Mulago National Referral Hospital. Odds ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multivariate logistic regression. Low birth weight (adjusted OR: 3.15, 95% CI 1.48 - 6.69), high birth order ≥5th birth order (adjusted OR: 3.69 (1.10 – 12.54), maternal febrile illness during pregnancy, maternal and paternal alcohol consumption, and paternal socio-economic status were associated with CHD. Family history of CHD, maternal education level, maternal chronic illness, and paternal education level were not associated with CHD. The results suggest: low birth weight, high birth order, and maternal febrile illness during pregnancy, parental alcohol use and paternal socio-economic status as dominant risk factors for CHD among children. Rigorous implementation of public health policies and strategies targeting prevention of febrile illness during pregnancy, maternal malnutrition, parental alcohol consumption, delivery of high number of children per woman, might be important in reducing the burden of CHD among children in Uganda.","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":"5 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49059625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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