H. Balakrishnan, S. Banerjee, I. Cidon, D. Culler, D. Estrin, Ethan Katz-Bassett, A. Krishnamurthy, J. McCauley, N. McKeown, Aurojit Panda, S. Ratnasamy, J. Rexford, Michael Schapira, S. Shenker, I. Stoica, D. Tennenhouse, A. Vahdat, E. Zegura
There is now a significant and growing functional gap between the public Internet, whose basic architecture has remained unchanged for several decades, and a new generation of more sophisticated private networks. To address this increasing divergence of functionality and overcome the Internet's architectural stagnation, we argue for the creation of an Extensible Internet (EI) that supports in-network services that go beyond best-effort packet delivery. To gain experience with this approach, we hope to soon deploy both an experimental version (for researchers) and a prototype version (for early adopters) of EI. In the longer term, making the Internet extensible will require a community to initiate and oversee the effort; this paper is the first step in creating such a community.
{"title":"Revitalizing the public internet by making it extensible","authors":"H. Balakrishnan, S. Banerjee, I. Cidon, D. Culler, D. Estrin, Ethan Katz-Bassett, A. Krishnamurthy, J. McCauley, N. McKeown, Aurojit Panda, S. Ratnasamy, J. Rexford, Michael Schapira, S. Shenker, I. Stoica, D. Tennenhouse, A. Vahdat, E. Zegura","doi":"10.1145/3464994.3464998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3464994.3464998","url":null,"abstract":"There is now a significant and growing functional gap between the public Internet, whose basic architecture has remained unchanged for several decades, and a new generation of more sophisticated private networks. To address this increasing divergence of functionality and overcome the Internet's architectural stagnation, we argue for the creation of an Extensible Internet (EI) that supports in-network services that go beyond best-effort packet delivery. To gain experience with this approach, we hope to soon deploy both an experimental version (for researchers) and a prototype version (for early adopters) of EI. In the longer term, making the Internet extensible will require a community to initiate and oversee the effort; this paper is the first step in creating such a community.","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"18 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85461433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachee Singh, Muqeet Mukhtar, Ashay Krishna, Aniruddha Parkhi, J. Padhye, D. Maltz
Switch failures can hamper access to client services, cause link congestion and blackhole network traffic. In this study, we examine the nature of switch failures in the datacenters of a large commercial cloud provider through the lens of survival theory. We study a cohort of over 180,000 switches with a variety of hardware and software configurations and find that datacenter switches have a 98% likelihood of functioning uninterrupted for over 3 months since deployment in production. However, there is significant heterogeneity in switch survival rates with respect to their hardware and software: the switches of one vendor are twice as likely to fail compared to the others. We attribute the majority of switch failures to hardware impairments and unplanned power losses. We find that the in-house switch operating system, SONiC, boosts the survival likelihood of switches in datacenters by 1% by eliminating switch failures caused by software bugs in vendor switch OSes.
{"title":"Surviving switch failures in cloud datacenters","authors":"Rachee Singh, Muqeet Mukhtar, Ashay Krishna, Aniruddha Parkhi, J. Padhye, D. Maltz","doi":"10.1145/3464994.3464996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3464994.3464996","url":null,"abstract":"Switch failures can hamper access to client services, cause link congestion and blackhole network traffic. In this study, we examine the nature of switch failures in the datacenters of a large commercial cloud provider through the lens of survival theory. We study a cohort of over 180,000 switches with a variety of hardware and software configurations and find that datacenter switches have a 98% likelihood of functioning uninterrupted for over 3 months since deployment in production. However, there is significant heterogeneity in switch survival rates with respect to their hardware and software: the switches of one vendor are twice as likely to fail compared to the others. We attribute the majority of switch failures to hardware impairments and unplanned power losses. We find that the in-house switch operating system, SONiC, boosts the survival likelihood of switches in datacenters by 1% by eliminating switch failures caused by software bugs in vendor switch OSes.","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"2 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75268560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On 16-17 December 2020, CAIDA hosted the 11th interdisciplinary Workshop on Internet Economics (WIE) in a virtual Zoom conference. This year our goal was to gather feedback from researchers on their experiences using CAIDA’s data for economics or policy research. We invited all researchers who reported use of CAIDA data in these disciplines. We discussed their successes and challenges of using the data, and how CAIDA could help these fields via Internet measurement and data curation. To avoid Zoom fatigue, we had a conversation-focused rather than presentation-focused workshop. Research topics we discussed included: Internet data for macroeconomics; connectivity and its effect on economic interdependence; effects of the EU’s new GDPR on internet interconnection; measuring corporate cyber risk; measuring work-from-home trends; measuring the economic value of open source software; and more generally how to best support evidence-based policymaking.
{"title":"Workshop on Internet Economics (WIE 2020) final report","authors":"K. Claffy, D. Clark","doi":"10.1145/3464994.3464999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3464994.3464999","url":null,"abstract":"On 16-17 December 2020, CAIDA hosted the 11th interdisciplinary Workshop on Internet Economics (WIE) in a virtual Zoom conference. This year our goal was to gather feedback from researchers on their experiences using CAIDA’s data for economics or policy research. We invited all researchers who reported use of CAIDA data in these disciplines. We discussed their successes and challenges of using the data, and how CAIDA could help these fields via Internet measurement and data curation. To avoid Zoom fatigue, we had a conversation-focused rather than presentation-focused workshop. Research topics we discussed included: Internet data for macroeconomics; connectivity and its effect on economic interdependence; effects of the EU’s new GDPR on internet interconnection; measuring corporate cyber risk; measuring work-from-home trends; measuring the economic value of open source software; and more generally how to best support evidence-based policymaking.","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"25 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85524465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This April 2021 issue contains one technical paper as well as five editorial notes.
2021年4月的这一期包含一篇技术论文和五篇社论。
{"title":"The April 2021 issue","authors":"S. Uhlig","doi":"10.1145/3464994.3464995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3464994.3464995","url":null,"abstract":"This April 2021 issue contains one technical paper as well as five editorial notes.","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":"13 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84314872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph Severini, Radhika Niranjan Mysore, V. Sekar, S. Banerjee, M. Reiter
We study operational issues faced by Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) network owners and find that SME network management practices have stagnated over the past decade, despite many recent advances in network management. Many of these advances target hyperscalers and ISPs and cannot be directly applied to SME networks that are operated with vastly different constraints. In our work, we outline these constraints and explain how they impact challenges around debugging, namely: representing, reproducing, and remediating network problems. This article takes a fresh look at these challenges in the light of SME practices around collaborative debugging and presents a roadmap aimed to help resolve SME operational issues quickly.
{"title":"The Netivus Manifesto","authors":"Joseph Severini, Radhika Niranjan Mysore, V. Sekar, S. Banerjee, M. Reiter","doi":"10.1145/3464994.3464997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3464994.3464997","url":null,"abstract":"We study operational issues faced by Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) network owners and find that SME network management practices have stagnated over the past decade, despite many recent advances in network management. Many of these advances target hyperscalers and ISPs and cannot be directly applied to SME networks that are operated with vastly different constraints. In our work, we outline these constraints and explain how they impact challenges around debugging, namely: representing, reproducing, and remediating network problems. This article takes a fresh look at these challenges in the light of SME practices around collaborative debugging and presents a roadmap aimed to help resolve SME operational issues quickly.","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"10 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85626437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Torticollis refers to congenital shortening in one side of the neck, resulting in a typical attitude of the head. The head tilts to the affected side and the chin deviates to the unaffected side. The etiology of torticollis is unclear with the most commonly accepted theory being a vascular insult to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. This results in a compartment syndrome like picture with subsequent fibrosis of the muscle [1].
{"title":"Delayed Correction of Congenital Torticollis with Modified Bipolar Release","authors":"H. Vardhan, A. Singh, Vijay Kumar","doi":"10.46527/2582-5038.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46527/2582-5038.183","url":null,"abstract":"Torticollis refers to congenital shortening in one side of the neck, resulting in a typical attitude of the head. The head tilts to the affected side and the chin deviates to the unaffected side. The etiology of torticollis is unclear with the most commonly accepted theory being a vascular insult to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. This results in a compartment syndrome like picture with subsequent fibrosis of the muscle [1].","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70557216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Dey, M. Banerjee, Daksh Goel, T. Mahajan, B. Mishra, Shyamalendu Laskar
Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of minimal volume of articaine buccal infiltration in extraction of maxillary and mandibular first and second molars. Materials and Method: The study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, from December 2019 to February 2020. A total of 60 patients were included in the study and were divided into two groups as follows: Group 1 patients who were administered articaine infiltration for the extraction of maxillary first and second molars and Group 2 patients who were administered the same local anesthetic for the extraction of mandibular first and second molars. Result: Anesthesia of the posterior maxillary teeth was obtained using 0.5 ml of articaine buccal infiltration alone while the posterior mandibular teeth required a supplemental lingual infiltration in all the cases. Conclusion: 4% articaine buccal infiltration, as low as 0.5 ml provides successful anesthesia for the extraction of maxillary molars. Palatal injection is generally not required. Buccal infiltration of the lower molars using 0.5 ml of 4% articaine could be a good option for extraction of the mandibular posterior teeth, of course, with supplemental lingual anesthesia.
目的：评价最小体积阿替卡因口腔浸润在上颌和下颌第一和第二磨牙拔除中的疗效。材料和方法：该研究于2019年12月至2020年2月在印度北方邦加齐阿巴德Muradnagar ITS牙科研究中心口腔颌面外科进行。共有60名患者被纳入该研究，并被分为两组，如下所示：第1组患者接受阿替卡因浸润以拔除上颌第一磨牙和第二磨牙，第2组患者接受相同的局部麻醉剂以拔除下颌第一磨牙和第一磨牙。结果：在所有病例中，仅使用0.5 ml阿替卡因颊侧浸润即可对上颌后牙进行麻醉，而下颌后牙则需要补充舌侧浸润。结论：4%阿替卡因口腔浸润，低至0.5 ml，可为上颌磨牙拔除提供成功的麻醉。通常不需要进行腭部注射。使用0.5 ml 4%阿替卡因对下臼齿进行颊部浸润可能是拔除下颌后牙的一个不错的选择，当然，在补充舌侧麻醉的情况下。
{"title":"Efficacy of Minimal Volume of Articaine Local Anesthetic for Buccal Infiltration During Extraction of Maxillary and Mandibular First and Second Molars: A Prospective Study","authors":"M. Dey, M. Banerjee, Daksh Goel, T. Mahajan, B. Mishra, Shyamalendu Laskar","doi":"10.46527/2582-5038.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46527/2582-5038.182","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of minimal volume of articaine buccal infiltration in extraction of maxillary and mandibular first and second molars. Materials and Method: The study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, from December 2019 to February 2020. A total of 60 patients were included in the study and were divided into two groups as follows: Group 1 patients who were administered articaine infiltration for the extraction of maxillary first and second molars and Group 2 patients who were administered the same local anesthetic for the extraction of mandibular first and second molars. Result: Anesthesia of the posterior maxillary teeth was obtained using 0.5 ml of articaine buccal infiltration alone while the posterior mandibular teeth required a supplemental lingual infiltration in all the cases. Conclusion: 4% articaine buccal infiltration, as low as 0.5 ml provides successful anesthesia for the extraction of maxillary molars. Palatal injection is generally not required. Buccal infiltration of the lower molars using 0.5 ml of 4% articaine could be a good option for extraction of the mandibular posterior teeth, of course, with supplemental lingual anesthesia.","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43722528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This January 2021 issue contains three technical papers as well as two editorial notes.
2021年1月的这一期包含三篇技术论文和两篇社论。
{"title":"The January 2021 issue","authors":"S. Uhlig","doi":"10.1145/3457175.3457176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457175.3457176","url":null,"abstract":"This January 2021 issue contains three technical papers as well as two editorial notes.","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89364398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many promising networking research ideas in programmable networks never see the light of day. Yet, deploying research prototypes in production networks can help validate research ideas, improve them with faster feedback, uncover new research questions, and also ease the subsequent transition to practice. In this paper, we show how researchers can run and validate their research ideas in their own backyards---on their production campus networks---and we have seen that such a demonstrator can expedite the deployment of a research idea in practice to solve real network operation problems. We present P4Campus, a proof-of-concept that encompasses tools, an infrastructure design, strategies, and best practices---both technical and non-technical---that can help researchers run experiments against their programmable network idea in their own network. We use network tapping devices, packet brokers, and commodity programmable switches to enable running experiments to evaluate research ideas on a production campus network. We present several compelling data-plane applications as use cases that run on our campus and solve production network problems. By sharing our experiences and open-sourcing our P4 apps [28], we hope to encourage similar efforts on other campuses.
{"title":"Experience-driven research on programmable networks","authors":"Hyojoon Kim, Xiaoqi Chen, J. Brassil, J. Rexford","doi":"10.1145/3457175.3457178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457175.3457178","url":null,"abstract":"Many promising networking research ideas in programmable networks never see the light of day. Yet, deploying research prototypes in production networks can help validate research ideas, improve them with faster feedback, uncover new research questions, and also ease the subsequent transition to practice. In this paper, we show how researchers can run and validate their research ideas in their own backyards---on their production campus networks---and we have seen that such a demonstrator can expedite the deployment of a research idea in practice to solve real network operation problems. We present P4Campus, a proof-of-concept that encompasses tools, an infrastructure design, strategies, and best practices---both technical and non-technical---that can help researchers run experiments against their programmable network idea in their own network. We use network tapping devices, packet brokers, and commodity programmable switches to enable running experiments to evaluate research ideas on a production campus network. We present several compelling data-plane applications as use cases that run on our campus and solve production network problems. By sharing our experiences and open-sourcing our P4 apps [28], we hope to encourage similar efforts on other campuses.","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":"66 1","pages":"10 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90740346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Networks have become complex systems that combine various concepts, techniques, and technologies. As a consequence, modelling or simulating them now is extremely complicated and researchers massively resort to prototyping techniques. Mininet is the most popular tool when it comes to evaluate SDN propositions. Mininet allows to emulate SDN networks on a single computer but shows its limitations with resource intensive experiments as the emulating host may become overloaded. To tackle this issue, we propose Distrinet, a distributed implementation of Mininet over multiple hosts, based on LXD/LXC, Ansible, and VXLAN tunnels. Distrinet uses the same API than Mininet, meaning that it is compatible with Mininet programs. It is generic and can deploy experiments on Linux clusters (e.g., Grid'5000), as well as on the Amazon EC2 cloud platform.
{"title":"Distrinet","authors":"","doi":"10.1145/3457175.3457177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457175.3457177","url":null,"abstract":"Networks have become complex systems that combine various concepts, techniques, and technologies. As a consequence, modelling or simulating them now is extremely complicated and researchers massively resort to prototyping techniques. Mininet is the most popular tool when it comes to evaluate SDN propositions. Mininet allows to emulate SDN networks on a single computer but shows its limitations with resource intensive experiments as the emulating host may become overloaded. To tackle this issue, we propose Distrinet, a distributed implementation of Mininet over multiple hosts, based on LXD/LXC, Ansible, and VXLAN tunnels. Distrinet uses the same API than Mininet, meaning that it is compatible with Mininet programs. It is generic and can deploy experiments on Linux clusters (e.g., Grid'5000), as well as on the Amazon EC2 cloud platform.","PeriodicalId":50646,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcomm Computer Communication Review","volume":"1986 1","pages":"2 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82250976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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