Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2023.09.02
Merve Duman, Refik Keskin, Leman Hocaoğlu
Padovan sequence $$(P_{n})$$ is given by $$P_{n}=P_{n-2}+P_{n-3}$$ for $$ngeq3$$ with initial condition $$(P_{0},P_{1},P_{2})=(1,1,1)$$. A positive integer is called a repdigit if all of its digits are equal. In this study, we examine the terms of the Padovan sequence, which are the sum of two repdigits. It is shown that the largest term of the Padovan sequence which can be written as a sum of two repdigits is $$P_{18}=114=111+3.$$
{"title":"Padovan Numbers as Sum of Two Repdigits","authors":"Merve Duman, Refik Keskin, Leman Hocaoğlu","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2023.09.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2023.09.02","url":null,"abstract":"Padovan sequence $$(P_{n})$$ is given by $$P_{n}=P_{n-2}+P_{n-3}$$ for $$ngeq3$$ with initial condition $$(P_{0},P_{1},P_{2})=(1,1,1)$$. A positive integer is called a repdigit if all of its digits are equal. In this study, we examine the terms of the Padovan sequence, which are the sum of two repdigits. It is shown that the largest term of the Padovan sequence which can be written as a sum of two repdigits is $$P_{18}=114=111+3.$$","PeriodicalId":50652,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus De L Academie Bulgare Des Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2023.09.05
Maria Petrova, Zlatina Vlahova, Maria Schröder, Alexander Tzintzarov, Lyudmila Velkova, Dimitar Kaynarov, Aleksandar Dolashki, Pavlina Dolashka, Iva Ugrinova
Cancer remains a significant global health concern, necessitating the search for new effective and safe anti-cancer agents. Natural products derived from plants and animals, including mollusks like snails, have gained attention as potential sources of novel anti-cancer compounds. Haemocyanins (Hcs), large copper-containing glycoproteins involved in oxygen transport in mollusks, have shown promise as anti-cancer agents. This study focuses on evaluating the in vitro anti-tumour efficacy of bioactive substances obtained from the hemolymph of the garden snail Helix aspersa on various human cancer cell lines representing different types of cancer. The results demonstrate that certain hemocyanin subunits from H. aspersa exhibit cytotoxic activity comparable to cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapy drug. Additional assays confirm the cytotoxic effects of the tested substances on cancer cells. The study underscores the potential of natural compounds from H. aspersa as alternative therapeutic agents for cancer treatment, while highlighting the need for further investigation. The identification of specific proteins responsible for the observed anti-proliferative effects in the mucus of H. aspersa provides insights for the development of novel cancer therapies.
{"title":"Anti-tumour Activity of Bioactive Compounds Isolated from the Hemolymph and Mucus of the Garden Snail Helix aspersa against a Panel of Human Cancer Cell Lines","authors":"Maria Petrova, Zlatina Vlahova, Maria Schröder, Alexander Tzintzarov, Lyudmila Velkova, Dimitar Kaynarov, Aleksandar Dolashki, Pavlina Dolashka, Iva Ugrinova","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2023.09.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2023.09.05","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer remains a significant global health concern, necessitating the search for new effective and safe anti-cancer agents. Natural products derived from plants and animals, including mollusks like snails, have gained attention as potential sources of novel anti-cancer compounds. Haemocyanins (Hcs), large copper-containing glycoproteins involved in oxygen transport in mollusks, have shown promise as anti-cancer agents. This study focuses on evaluating the in vitro anti-tumour efficacy of bioactive substances obtained from the hemolymph of the garden snail Helix aspersa on various human cancer cell lines representing different types of cancer. The results demonstrate that certain hemocyanin subunits from H. aspersa exhibit cytotoxic activity comparable to cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapy drug. Additional assays confirm the cytotoxic effects of the tested substances on cancer cells. The study underscores the potential of natural compounds from H. aspersa as alternative therapeutic agents for cancer treatment, while highlighting the need for further investigation. The identification of specific proteins responsible for the observed anti-proliferative effects in the mucus of H. aspersa provides insights for the development of novel cancer therapies.","PeriodicalId":50652,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus De L Academie Bulgare Des Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2023.09.14
Selvaraj Santhi, Sundaradhas Nidhyananthan
PCOS is the most predominant endocrine problem among women of reproductive age, which affects ovaries and causes irregularities in menstrual cycles, weight gain, and hirsutism [Bulsara J., P. Patel, A. Soni, S. Acharya (2021) A review: Brief insight into PCOS, Endocrine and Metabolic Sci., 3, 1–7]. The condition probably results from a mix of causes, including qualities and ecological elements. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of Binarized Butterfly Optimization Algorithm, Binarized Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm, Binarized Genetic Algorithm and Binarized Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm in terms of classification accuracy. Kaggle PCOS dataset is used for this work and it has 541 records and 43 attributes. The study aims to investigate the performance of four optimization algorithms in terms of classification accuracy for predicting PCOS disease. The BGWO optimization algorithm outperformed the other algorithms with 99% accuracy, while the BGA produced the most optimal subset. The study highlights the significance of feature selection in improving the performance of classification algorithms.
PCOS是育龄妇女中最主要的内分泌问题，它影响卵巢，导致月经周期不规则、体重增加和多毛[Bulsara J.， P. Patel, A. Soni, S. Acharya(2021)]。， 3,1 - 7]。这种情况可能是由多种原因造成的，包括质量和生态因素。本研究的目的是考察二值化蝴蝶优化算法、二值化灰狼优化算法、二值化遗传算法和二值化布谷鸟优化算法在分类精度方面的性能。这项工作使用了Kaggle PCOS数据集，它有541条记录和43个属性。本研究旨在探讨四种优化算法在预测多囊卵巢综合征疾病分类准确率方面的表现。BGWO优化算法以99%的准确率优于其他算法，而BGA产生了最优子集。该研究突出了特征选择对提高分类算法性能的重要性。
{"title":"Optimized Feature Selection for PCOS Disease Prediction","authors":"Selvaraj Santhi, Sundaradhas Nidhyananthan","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2023.09.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2023.09.14","url":null,"abstract":"PCOS is the most predominant endocrine problem among women of reproductive age, which affects ovaries and causes irregularities in menstrual cycles, weight gain, and hirsutism [Bulsara J., P. Patel, A. Soni, S. Acharya (2021) A review: Brief insight into PCOS, Endocrine and Metabolic Sci., 3, 1–7]. The condition probably results from a mix of causes, including qualities and ecological elements. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of Binarized Butterfly Optimization Algorithm, Binarized Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm, Binarized Genetic Algorithm and Binarized Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm in terms of classification accuracy. Kaggle PCOS dataset is used for this work and it has 541 records and 43 attributes. The study aims to investigate the performance of four optimization algorithms in terms of classification accuracy for predicting PCOS disease. The BGWO optimization algorithm outperformed the other algorithms with 99% accuracy, while the BGA produced the most optimal subset. The study highlights the significance of feature selection in improving the performance of classification algorithms.","PeriodicalId":50652,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus De L Academie Bulgare Des Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135408822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2023.09.15
Kaloyan Guevara, Kostadin Kostadinov
Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder characterised by a pronounced decline in mental, physical, and social functioning. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between the socio-cognitive and the subtle motor and sensory symptoms of schizophrenia, which are, respectively, represented by facial emotion recognition deficits (FERD) and neurological soft signs (NSS). Thus, we assessed 60 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. FERD was measured with the “Averaged Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces” set, and NSS was assessed with the Neurological Evaluation Scale. A strong and significant negative correlation was found between the NSS total score and the FERD total score (r = –0.7, p < 0.001). There was also a significant negative correlation between several of the subscores of both instruments. The results show that impaired social cognition is significantly associated with soft neurological disturbances in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Taken together, this reinforces the notion that schizophrenia is characterised by dysfunction and disconnection of a complex cerebral network, which can probably be influenced by psychosocial and physical nonpharmacological therapeutic interventions.
精神分裂症是一种使人衰弱的精神障碍，其特点是精神、身体和社会功能明显下降。本研究旨在探讨精神分裂症的社会认知与细微运动和感觉症状之间的关系，这些症状分别以面部情绪识别缺陷(FERD)和神经软体征(NSS)为代表。因此，我们评估了60名被诊断为精神分裂症的患者。FERD采用“平均卡罗林斯卡定向情绪面孔”集进行测量，NSS采用神经学评估量表进行评估。NSS总分与FERD总分呈显著负相关(r = -0.7, p <0.001)。两种工具的几个分值之间也存在显著的负相关。结果表明，精神分裂症患者的社会认知障碍与软神经功能障碍显著相关。综上所述，这强化了这样一种观点，即精神分裂症的特征是复杂的大脑网络功能障碍和断开，这可能受到社会心理和物理非药物治疗干预的影响。
{"title":"Neurological Soft Signs and Social Cognition in Patients with Schizophrenia: the Missing Link","authors":"Kaloyan Guevara, Kostadin Kostadinov","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2023.09.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2023.09.15","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder characterised by a pronounced decline in mental, physical, and social functioning. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between the socio-cognitive and the subtle motor and sensory symptoms of schizophrenia, which are, respectively, represented by facial emotion recognition deficits (FERD) and neurological soft signs (NSS). Thus, we assessed 60 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. FERD was measured with the “Averaged Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces” set, and NSS was assessed with the Neurological Evaluation Scale. A strong and significant negative correlation was found between the NSS total score and the FERD total score (r = –0.7, p < 0.001). There was also a significant negative correlation between several of the subscores of both instruments. The results show that impaired social cognition is significantly associated with soft neurological disturbances in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Taken together, this reinforces the notion that schizophrenia is characterised by dysfunction and disconnection of a complex cerebral network, which can probably be influenced by psychosocial and physical nonpharmacological therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":50652,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus De L Academie Bulgare Des Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2023.09.08
Alexandra Alexandrova, Lena Setchanova
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a vaccine-preventable agent, due to the available pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), but still is a leading bacterial pathogen of non-invasive pneumococcal diseases (NIPD). We conducted a study on the serotype distribution and antibiotic nonsusceptibility in 202 S. pneumoniae isolates recovered from children with NIPD during the PCV10-era in Bulgaria (2015–2020). Serogrouping/serotyping were performed using latex agglutination and capsular swelling reaction. Serogroup 6 strains were subjected to serotype-specific PCR's. The antibiotic susceptibilities were assessed by broth microdilution. The PCV10-vaccinated children were 190 (94.1%). The antimicrobial non-susceptibility showed highest levels in oral penicillin (53.5%), erythromycin (52.0%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (48.5%), clindamycin (47.5%), tetracycline (45.0%), ceftriaxone (14.8%) and chloramphenicol (13.4%). More than half of the strains (53.5%) were MDR. We disclosed 80.2% non-vaccinal serotypes (NVTs) and 17.8% PCV10-serotypes. Except serotype 19F (19.4%), all emergent pediatric NIPD serotypes in our geographic area during the studied PCV10-period were NVTs: 19A (15.8%), 3 (14.8%), 6C (9.9%), 15A (6.0%) and 23A (4.0%). MDR-serotypes were 19A (22.2%), 19F (17.6%), 6C (15.7%), 15A (8.3%), and 23A (8.3%). Surveillance studies must be performed systematically to monitor the vaccine-induced changes and trends in antimicrobial resistance.
{"title":"High Prevalence of Non-vaccine Serotypes among Pediatric Non-invasive Pneumococcal Isolates in the PCV10 Vaccine-era in Bulgaria","authors":"Alexandra Alexandrova, Lena Setchanova","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2023.09.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2023.09.08","url":null,"abstract":"Streptococcus pneumoniae is a vaccine-preventable agent, due to the available pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), but still is a leading bacterial pathogen of non-invasive pneumococcal diseases (NIPD). We conducted a study on the serotype distribution and antibiotic nonsusceptibility in 202 S. pneumoniae isolates recovered from children with NIPD during the PCV10-era in Bulgaria (2015–2020). Serogrouping/serotyping were performed using latex agglutination and capsular swelling reaction. Serogroup 6 strains were subjected to serotype-specific PCR's. The antibiotic susceptibilities were assessed by broth microdilution. The PCV10-vaccinated children were 190 (94.1%). The antimicrobial non-susceptibility showed highest levels in oral penicillin (53.5%), erythromycin (52.0%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (48.5%), clindamycin (47.5%), tetracycline (45.0%), ceftriaxone (14.8%) and chloramphenicol (13.4%). More than half of the strains (53.5%) were MDR. We disclosed 80.2% non-vaccinal serotypes (NVTs) and 17.8% PCV10-serotypes. Except serotype 19F (19.4%), all emergent pediatric NIPD serotypes in our geographic area during the studied PCV10-period were NVTs: 19A (15.8%), 3 (14.8%), 6C (9.9%), 15A (6.0%) and 23A (4.0%). MDR-serotypes were 19A (22.2%), 19F (17.6%), 6C (15.7%), 15A (8.3%), and 23A (8.3%). Surveillance studies must be performed systematically to monitor the vaccine-induced changes and trends in antimicrobial resistance.","PeriodicalId":50652,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus De L Academie Bulgare Des Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2023.09.11
Plamen Petrov, Ivan Kralov
This paper addresses the control problem of a platoon of nonholonomic mobile robots in the case of backward motion of the leading robot. By using a virtual non-static with respect to the lead robot reference frame as a target, a kinematic model of the robot platoon in error coordinates is developed. A nonlinear feedback controller based on the entire platoon model is designed by means of high-gain control. Asymptotic stability property of the closed-loop system is established using Lyapunov theory. For backward motion of the leading robot along a circular path, at steady-state, the two-robot platoon should travel concentric arcs of same radii with prescribed inter-robot spacing. The performance of the proposed tracking controller is illustrated through numerical simulations.
{"title":"Modelling and Feedback Control for Reversing a Nonholonomic Mobile Robot Platoon","authors":"Plamen Petrov, Ivan Kralov","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2023.09.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2023.09.11","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the control problem of a platoon of nonholonomic mobile robots in the case of backward motion of the leading robot. By using a virtual non-static with respect to the lead robot reference frame as a target, a kinematic model of the robot platoon in error coordinates is developed. A nonlinear feedback controller based on the entire platoon model is designed by means of high-gain control. Asymptotic stability property of the closed-loop system is established using Lyapunov theory. For backward motion of the leading robot along a circular path, at steady-state, the two-robot platoon should travel concentric arcs of same radii with prescribed inter-robot spacing. The performance of the proposed tracking controller is illustrated through numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":50652,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus De L Academie Bulgare Des Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2023.09.18
Negar Mokhtari
A study was conducted to discover the use of RE single counts in testing vigour and predicting seedling establishment in seed lots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We compared the RE counts at 20 °C at intervals of 16, 24 and 40 h and also at 15 °C for 24 h, with electrical conductivity (EC), germination percentage (GP), field emergence (FE), and mean germination time (MGT), using 8 seed lots of barley. Radicle emergence counts at 15 °C for 24 h and at 20 °C for 16, 24 and 40 h showed a high correlation with two parameters of seed vigour (MGT and FE), and their correlation coefficients were greater than 0.70 (p < 0.05). Usable correlation coefficients were realized after 24 h both at 15 °C and 20 °C. The results of the test showed that RE single counts are useful in testing vigour in barley seeds. The results also proved that single counts of radical emergence (RE), were useful in indicating the potential of emergence in barley seedlings.
{"title":"Radicle Emergence Test Standardization to Forecast Field Emergence and Seed Vigour in Hordeum vulgare L.","authors":"Negar Mokhtari","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2023.09.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2023.09.18","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to discover the use of RE single counts in testing vigour and predicting seedling establishment in seed lots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We compared the RE counts at 20 °C at intervals of 16, 24 and 40 h and also at 15 °C for 24 h, with electrical conductivity (EC), germination percentage (GP), field emergence (FE), and mean germination time (MGT), using 8 seed lots of barley. Radicle emergence counts at 15 °C for 24 h and at 20 °C for 16, 24 and 40 h showed a high correlation with two parameters of seed vigour (MGT and FE), and their correlation coefficients were greater than 0.70 (p < 0.05). Usable correlation coefficients were realized after 24 h both at 15 °C and 20 °C. The results of the test showed that RE single counts are useful in testing vigour in barley seeds. The results also proved that single counts of radical emergence (RE), were useful in indicating the potential of emergence in barley seedlings.","PeriodicalId":50652,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus De L Academie Bulgare Des Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2023.09.01
Abuzer Gündüz
In this note, we define the 1-absorbing prime ideals and 1-absorbing primary ideals in the amalgamations of A with B along J with respect to f denoted $$A bowtie ^f J$$ and give some results.
{"title":"On 1-absorbing Prime and 1-absorbing Primary Ideals of Amalgamations","authors":"Abuzer Gündüz","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2023.09.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2023.09.01","url":null,"abstract":"In this note, we define the 1-absorbing prime ideals and 1-absorbing primary ideals in the amalgamations of A with B along J with respect to f denoted $$A bowtie ^f J$$ and give some results.","PeriodicalId":50652,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus De L Academie Bulgare Des Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2023.09.17
Miroslava Dinkova
The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the severity of crowding, the need of the interproximal enamel reduction (IPR, stripping), and the number of moved teeth.
One hundred and twenty-seven patients aged from 18 to 62 years, of whom 99 (78%) women and 28 (22%) men in need of active orthodontic treatment were included in the study. All patients underwent orthodontic treatment with DENT@LIGN digital aligners on etsablished protocol. The severity of crowding and the amount of IPR were measured.
The stripping is coded in six groups, based on amount (≤ 1 mm; 1.1 to 2.0 mm; 2.1 to 3.0 mm; 3.1 to 4.0 mm; 4.1 to 5.0 mm, and greater than 5.1), and the crowding in four groups: no crowding; mild crowding (0.1 mm to 3.0 mm); moderate crowding (3.1 mm to 7.0 mm); severe crowding (over 7.1 mm).
The Spearman test showed a significant positive correlation between stripping size and crowding severity in both jaws. In the upper jaw the correlation coefficient is rs = 0.430, p < 0.001. In the lower jaw, the correlation coefficient was higher rs = 0.514), p <0.001.
The results of the Pearson test showed a direct proportional relationship between the number of teeth in need of movement and the size of stripping in the upper and lower jaws.
Based on the number of moved teeth, the size of the stripping can be predicted by the following formulas: Upper jaw stripping (mm) = –0.3891 + 0.1711 × Number of moved teeth, with predictive value of R-square = 17.2%; Lower jaw stripping (mm) = –0.8965 + 0.2773 × Number of teeth moved, with predictive value of R-square = 28.1%.
{"title":"Correlation between the Crowding Severity, the Amount of IPR and the Number of Teeth Moved","authors":"Miroslava Dinkova","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2023.09.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2023.09.17","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the severity of crowding, the need of the interproximal enamel reduction (IPR, stripping), and the number of moved teeth.
 One hundred and twenty-seven patients aged from 18 to 62 years, of whom 99 (78%) women and 28 (22%) men in need of active orthodontic treatment were included in the study. All patients underwent orthodontic treatment with DENT@LIGN digital aligners on etsablished protocol. The severity of crowding and the amount of IPR were measured.
 The stripping is coded in six groups, based on amount (≤ 1 mm; 1.1 to 2.0 mm; 2.1 to 3.0 mm; 3.1 to 4.0 mm; 4.1 to 5.0 mm, and greater than 5.1), and the crowding in four groups: no crowding; mild crowding (0.1 mm to 3.0 mm); moderate crowding (3.1 mm to 7.0 mm); severe crowding (over 7.1 mm).
 The Spearman test showed a significant positive correlation between stripping size and crowding severity in both jaws. In the upper jaw the correlation coefficient is rs = 0.430, p < 0.001. In the lower jaw, the correlation coefficient was higher rs = 0.514), p <0.001.
 The results of the Pearson test showed a direct proportional relationship between the number of teeth in need of movement and the size of stripping in the upper and lower jaws.
 Based on the number of moved teeth, the size of the stripping can be predicted by the following formulas: Upper jaw stripping (mm) = –0.3891 + 0.1711 × Number of moved teeth, with predictive value of R-square = 17.2%; Lower jaw stripping (mm) = –0.8965 + 0.2773 × Number of teeth moved, with predictive value of R-square = 28.1%.","PeriodicalId":50652,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus De L Academie Bulgare Des Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135408306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2023.09.06
Krasimira Tasheva, Margarita Dimitrova, Mariya Lazarova, Svetlana Misheva, Georgina Kosturkova
Rhodiola rosea L. is a high-altitude medicinal plant with various health-beneficial effects, associated mainly with the phenolic substances salidroside and rosavins (rosavin, rosin and rosarin). The intensive collection of R. rosea rhizomes and roots to be used in folk medicine and pharmacy has led to a decrease of the species natural resources. New opportunities for species conservation and accelerated synthesis of biologically active substances have been provided by various systems for in vitro and ex vitro cultivation. In this study, the salidroside and rosavins content was determined using HPLC analysis in in vitro cultures of R. rosea and further monitored in adapted regenerants grown ex vitro. The targeted secondary metabolites were not detected in the calli and in the roots of 1-month-old regenerants obtained on different nutrient media. The roots/rhizomes of adapted regenerants grown ex vitro in a greenhouse for 1 year and in the mountain for 1, 2 and 3 years produced increasing amounts of salidroside (from 0.4 to 1.2%) and rosavins (from 4.3 to 4.5%). The salidroside to rosavins ratio (1:3.75) in 3-year-old regenerants grown in the mountain was close to the pharmacopoeial standard ratio of 1:3. These results show that R. rosea plants, obtainted by in vitro micropropagation and grown ex vitro are promising for drug production.
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