Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-18
Chyntia Taurinna Krisanti, Netti Herawati, Agus Sutrisno, Nusyirwan Nusyirwan
There are many time series forecasting techniques, one of which is Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR). STAR is an extension of the autoregressive model for nonlinear time series data. The STAR model consists of the Logistic STAR (LSTAR) model and the Exponential STAR (ESTAR) model. The aim of this research is to compare which model is more suitable for predicting farmer exchange rates in Lampung Province, Indonesia. The results of this research show that the ESTAR model outperforms the LSTAR model based on a smaller AIC.
{"title":"Logistic Smooth Transition Autoregressive (LSTAR) and Exponential Smooth Transition Autoregressive (ESTAR) Methods in Predicting the Exchange Rate of Farmers in Lampung Province, Indonesia","authors":"Chyntia Taurinna Krisanti, Netti Herawati, Agus Sutrisno, Nusyirwan Nusyirwan","doi":"10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-18","url":null,"abstract":"There are many time series forecasting techniques, one of which is Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR). STAR is an extension of the autoregressive model for nonlinear time series data. The STAR model consists of the Logistic STAR (LSTAR) model and the Exponential STAR (ESTAR) model. The aim of this research is to compare which model is more suitable for predicting farmer exchange rates in Lampung Province, Indonesia. The results of this research show that the ESTAR model outperforms the LSTAR model based on a smaller AIC.","PeriodicalId":506697,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS","volume":"25 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-19
Yuniyartika Yuniyartika, S. Sudaryanti
Efforts to improve children's fine motor skills are an indispensable effort in growing and developing early childhood, one of which is using the media of playdough games. This study aims to find out (1) whether there is an effect of playdough media on the fine motor development of group B children at Pembina Sekayu State Kindergarten, (2) whether there is an effect of playdough media on the cognitive development of group B children at Pembina Sekayu State Kindergarten. This study is a quasi-experimental research with a nonequivalent control group design, the population of this study is all children aged 5-6 years at Pembina Sekayu State Kindergarten, with a sample of 60 children. The instrument used was in the form of observation techniques for the fine motor and cognitive development of children. The data analysis technique used independent sample t-test analysis with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the study showed that: (1) there was a significant influence of playdough media on the fine motor development of group B children at Pembina Sekayu State Kindergarten where the paired sample t-test results were obtained on average of 46.77 with a Sig value of 0.000 < 0.05. (2) there was a significant influence of playdough media on the cognitive development of group B children at Pembina Sekayu State Kindergarten where the paired sample t-test results were obtained on average of 52.93 with a Sig value of 0.000 < 0.05. So based on the study, it can be concluded that there is a very significant influence on playdough media games on fine motor and cognitive development in early childhood
努力提高儿童的精细动作技能是幼儿成长和发展过程中不可或缺的一项工作，使用橡皮泥游戏媒介就是其中之一。本研究旨在探究：（1）橡皮泥媒体对彭比纳塞卡尤国立幼儿园 B 组儿童精细动作发展是否有影响；（2）橡皮泥媒体对彭比纳塞卡尤国立幼儿园 B 组儿童认知发展是否有影响。本研究是一项采用非等效对照组设计的准实验研究，研究对象是 Pembina Sekayu 州立幼儿园所有 5-6 岁的儿童，样本为 60 名儿童。使用的工具是儿童精细动作和认知发展的观察技术。数据分析技术采用独立样本 t 检验分析，显著性水平为 0.05。研究结果表明(1）橡皮泥媒介对彭比纳 Sekayu 州立幼儿园 B 组儿童的精细动作发展有显著影响，配对样本 t 检验结果平均为 46.77，Sig 值为 0.000 < 0.05。(2）橡皮泥媒体对 Pembina Sekayu 州立幼儿园 B 组儿童的认知发展有显著影响，配对样本 t 检验的平均结果为 52.93，Sig 值为 0.000 < 0.05。因此，根据这项研究可以得出结论：橡皮泥媒体游戏对幼儿精细动作和认知能力的发展有非常显著的影响。
{"title":"The Effect of Playing Playdough Media on Fine Motor and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood","authors":"Yuniyartika Yuniyartika, S. Sudaryanti","doi":"10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-19","url":null,"abstract":"Efforts to improve children's fine motor skills are an indispensable effort in growing and developing early childhood, one of which is using the media of playdough games. This study aims to find out (1) whether there is an effect of playdough media on the fine motor development of group B children at Pembina Sekayu State Kindergarten, (2) whether there is an effect of playdough media on the cognitive development of group B children at Pembina Sekayu State Kindergarten. This study is a quasi-experimental research with a nonequivalent control group design, the population of this study is all children aged 5-6 years at Pembina Sekayu State Kindergarten, with a sample of 60 children. The instrument used was in the form of observation techniques for the fine motor and cognitive development of children. The data analysis technique used independent sample t-test analysis with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the study showed that: (1) there was a significant influence of playdough media on the fine motor development of group B children at Pembina Sekayu State Kindergarten where the paired sample t-test results were obtained on average of 46.77 with a Sig value of 0.000 < 0.05. (2) there was a significant influence of playdough media on the cognitive development of group B children at Pembina Sekayu State Kindergarten where the paired sample t-test results were obtained on average of 52.93 with a Sig value of 0.000 < 0.05. So based on the study, it can be concluded that there is a very significant influence on playdough media games on fine motor and cognitive development in early childhood","PeriodicalId":506697,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS","volume":"5 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-12
C. A. Adadu, Dominic David Ekpo, E. E. Okpo
There is growing interest in the production of biofuels from biomass wastes. The availability of biomass waste poses the need for technical assessment of pelletisation of biomass waste at industrial production level. The misuse of environmentally friendly and sustainable energy resources and lack of compressed biomass energy products that could enhance fuel quality needs to be addressed. This study intends to determine the energy output from tenary combination of the biomass fuel pellets consisting of rice husks, African birch sawdust, corncobs and their varying mixtures bond with aqueous extract of C. populnea (Cp) and M. esculenta (Me). The combustion characteristics of pellets produced from Rice Husk, African Birch Sawdust, Corncob and their blends (M, M1, M2, M3 and M4) were conducted by the development of an analytical protocol. Pellet admixtures were prepared at each binder ratio of 10% of bulk weight of RH, ABS, corncob and their various blends in the ratios 1:1:1 (M), 1:2:3 (M1), 2:1:3 (M2), 3:1:2 (M3) and 2:3:1 (M4), respectively. The Bulk Density (BD), Ash Contents (AC), Heat Release Rate (HRR) and Calorific Value (CV) of the pellets were measured using established procedures. The result revealed that combustion characteristics of fuel pellets made from Corncob and Blend ratio of 1:2:3 bound with Manihot esculenta gel were enhanced and the fuel pellets possessed sufficient calorific values suitable for energy applications. It was recommended that massive production of fuel pellets from biomass wastes for small and medium scale energy systems could give a positive development to agrarian and rural areas in Nigeria where there is a lot of these resources and lack of stable electrical supply.
{"title":"Characterization of Fuel Pellets Made From Rice Husk, Sawdust and Corncob Bond with Cissus Populnea and Manihot Esculenta","authors":"C. A. Adadu, Dominic David Ekpo, E. E. Okpo","doi":"10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-12","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing interest in the production of biofuels from biomass wastes. The availability of biomass waste poses the need for technical assessment of pelletisation of biomass waste at industrial production level. The misuse of environmentally friendly and sustainable energy resources and lack of compressed biomass energy products that could enhance fuel quality needs to be addressed. This study intends to determine the energy output from tenary combination of the biomass fuel pellets consisting of rice husks, African birch sawdust, corncobs and their varying mixtures bond with aqueous extract of C. populnea (Cp) and M. esculenta (Me). The combustion characteristics of pellets produced from Rice Husk, African Birch Sawdust, Corncob and their blends (M, M1, M2, M3 and M4) were conducted by the development of an analytical protocol. Pellet admixtures were prepared at each binder ratio of 10% of bulk weight of RH, ABS, corncob and their various blends in the ratios 1:1:1 (M), 1:2:3 (M1), 2:1:3 (M2), 3:1:2 (M3) and 2:3:1 (M4), respectively. The Bulk Density (BD), Ash Contents (AC), Heat Release Rate (HRR) and Calorific Value (CV) of the pellets were measured using established procedures. The result revealed that combustion characteristics of fuel pellets made from Corncob and Blend ratio of 1:2:3 bound with Manihot esculenta gel were enhanced and the fuel pellets possessed sufficient calorific values suitable for energy applications. It was recommended that massive production of fuel pellets from biomass wastes for small and medium scale energy systems could give a positive development to agrarian and rural areas in Nigeria where there is a lot of these resources and lack of stable electrical supply.","PeriodicalId":506697,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS","volume":"39 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-17
Badar Muhammad, Dwi Retno Hapsari, S. Sjaf
The Precision Village Data (DDP) Program is a program that emphasizes the importance of village community participation in collecting their own data. In this program, residents are the subjects of collecting data, in other words, the DDP program emphasizes participatory communication in collecting data for sustainable development. This research aims to explore how the principles of participatory communication are related to the success of bottom-up village data collection in the DDP program. The research results show that participatory communication in the DDP program in Watunohu District is at a medium/marginal level where Functional Participation occurs. Furthermore, from the research results it is recommended that there is a need to increase the application of participatory communication principles so that the level of community participation can reach the Empowered Participation level.
{"title":"Participatory Communication in Rural Data Collection (Case: Data Desa Presisi Program in Watunohu District)","authors":"Badar Muhammad, Dwi Retno Hapsari, S. Sjaf","doi":"10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-17","url":null,"abstract":"The Precision Village Data (DDP) Program is a program that emphasizes the importance of village community participation in collecting their own data. In this program, residents are the subjects of collecting data, in other words, the DDP program emphasizes participatory communication in collecting data for sustainable development. This research aims to explore how the principles of participatory communication are related to the success of bottom-up village data collection in the DDP program. The research results show that participatory communication in the DDP program in Watunohu District is at a medium/marginal level where Functional Participation occurs. Furthermore, from the research results it is recommended that there is a need to increase the application of participatory communication principles so that the level of community participation can reach the Empowered Participation level.","PeriodicalId":506697,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-08
Willy Bachtiar, Kania Dafina
Indonesia Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU) Net Sink 2030 is an initiative to reduce Green House Gas emissions from the forestry and land sectors in Indonesia. The aim of this program as a serious step in overcoming the problem of climate change. Dissemination of the Indonesia FOLU Net Sink 2030 action at the Public Relations Bureau, highlighting the importance of public communication in supporting the achievement of the 2030 FOLU Net Sink target. One of the strategic communications that is considered effective in disseminating the Indonesia FOLU Net Sink 2030 action is Cyber Public Relations or commonly called Online Public Relations. The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of Cyber Public Relations carried out by the Public Relations Bureau of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. This research was analyzed using the theory from Philips & Young (2009) regarding the four basic elements of online public relations that PR practitioners must pay attention to. So that from this research a digital public relations practice can be produced that is appropriate and measurable from the perspective of existing theory and reality. The difference between this research and previous research lies in the research object, and it does not only focus on one digital platform, but also several platforms used to implement cyber public relations. The results of this research show that the implementation of Cyber Public Relations carried out by the MoEF Public Relations Bureau has been measured in accordance with the theory used.
{"title":"Analysis of Cyber Public Relations in Disseminating Indonesia’s Folu Net Sink 2030 Actions at the Ministry of Environment and Foresty","authors":"Willy Bachtiar, Kania Dafina","doi":"10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-08","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU) Net Sink 2030 is an initiative to reduce Green House Gas emissions from the forestry and land sectors in Indonesia. The aim of this program as a serious step in overcoming the problem of climate change. Dissemination of the Indonesia FOLU Net Sink 2030 action at the Public Relations Bureau, highlighting the importance of public communication in supporting the achievement of the 2030 FOLU Net Sink target. One of the strategic communications that is considered effective in disseminating the Indonesia FOLU Net Sink 2030 action is Cyber Public Relations or commonly called Online Public Relations. The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of Cyber Public Relations carried out by the Public Relations Bureau of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. This research was analyzed using the theory from Philips & Young (2009) regarding the four basic elements of online public relations that PR practitioners must pay attention to. So that from this research a digital public relations practice can be produced that is appropriate and measurable from the perspective of existing theory and reality. The difference between this research and previous research lies in the research object, and it does not only focus on one digital platform, but also several platforms used to implement cyber public relations. The results of this research show that the implementation of Cyber Public Relations carried out by the MoEF Public Relations Bureau has been measured in accordance with the theory used.","PeriodicalId":506697,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS","volume":"74 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-20
Nadya Azura, D. Armalina, Indah Saraswati, H. Istiadi, Lusiana Batubara
Cigarette smoke contains toxic components, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide, and tar, which can trigger the formation of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and reduce antioxidant reserves, which impact oxidative stress and are known to cause damage to liver cell membranes. Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is a fruit that is rich in antioxidants that inhibit ROS and prevent damage to liver cells by cigarette smoke. This study aims to assess the effect of administering red dragon fruit juice on liver microscopic images in Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke. It was an experimental study with a post-test-only control group design. Thirty-five male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) were randomized into five groups. Four groups were exposed to cigarette smoke (K-, P1, P2, and P3), and the fifth group was used as a control (K). All the P-groups were given red dragon fruit juice 2 g/2.5 ml, 4 g/2.5 ml, and 8 g/2.5 ml, respectively, for twenty-eight days. On the 29th day, the livers of Wistar rats were taken for preparation and microscopic observation. The research data were analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney post hoc tests to determine group differences. The average liver cell damage in K, K-, P1, P2, and P3 were 1.23, 2.51, 1.57, 1.51, and 1.43, respectively. There was a significant difference in damage between the K- group and the P1 (p = 0.002), P2 (p = 0.004), and P3 (p = 0.002) groups. The administration of red dragon fruit juice can protect the liver cells of rats exposed to cigarette smoke.
{"title":"The Effect of Red Dragon Fruit Juice (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) on Liver Histopathological Images in Wistar Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke","authors":"Nadya Azura, D. Armalina, Indah Saraswati, H. Istiadi, Lusiana Batubara","doi":"10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-20","url":null,"abstract":"Cigarette smoke contains toxic components, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide, and tar, which can trigger the formation of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and reduce antioxidant reserves, which impact oxidative stress and are known to cause damage to liver cell membranes. Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is a fruit that is rich in antioxidants that inhibit ROS and prevent damage to liver cells by cigarette smoke. This study aims to assess the effect of administering red dragon fruit juice on liver microscopic images in Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke. It was an experimental study with a post-test-only control group design. Thirty-five male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) were randomized into five groups. Four groups were exposed to cigarette smoke (K-, P1, P2, and P3), and the fifth group was used as a control (K). All the P-groups were given red dragon fruit juice 2 g/2.5 ml, 4 g/2.5 ml, and 8 g/2.5 ml, respectively, for twenty-eight days. On the 29th day, the livers of Wistar rats were taken for preparation and microscopic observation. The research data were analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney post hoc tests to determine group differences. The average liver cell damage in K, K-, P1, P2, and P3 were 1.23, 2.51, 1.57, 1.51, and 1.43, respectively. There was a significant difference in damage between the K- group and the P1 (p = 0.002), P2 (p = 0.004), and P3 (p = 0.002) groups. The administration of red dragon fruit juice can protect the liver cells of rats exposed to cigarette smoke.","PeriodicalId":506697,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-22
Hussein F. Hasan, Inas I. Rasheed, N. A. Ahmed
Results of laboratory examination of 600 faeces samples fem patients attended to Pediatric Hospital and General Kirkuk Hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were showed 57 infection cases with Giardia lamblia with 9.5% infection rate. The diagnosis of positive samples was confirmed by PCR. No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of parasite in males 38.6% compared to 29.8% females. The highest infection rate 28.1% were found among age groups (1-5) years whereas the lowest infection rate 10.5% were found at age groups (11-15) years. The infection rate in rural area was 56.1% as compared to 12.3% in urban. The PCR product analysis of glutamate dehydrogenase gene revealed two genotypes (assemblage A and assemblage B) amplified at 264 bp and 460 bp for identifying G.lamblia.
{"title":"Molecular Epidemiological Characterization of Giardia Lamblia in Kirkuk, Iraq","authors":"Hussein F. Hasan, Inas I. Rasheed, N. A. Ahmed","doi":"10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-22","url":null,"abstract":"Results of laboratory examination of 600 faeces samples fem patients attended to Pediatric Hospital and General Kirkuk Hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were showed 57 infection cases with Giardia lamblia with 9.5% infection rate. The diagnosis of positive samples was confirmed by PCR. No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of parasite in males 38.6% compared to 29.8% females. The highest infection rate 28.1% were found among age groups (1-5) years whereas the lowest infection rate 10.5% were found at age groups (11-15) years. The infection rate in rural area was 56.1% as compared to 12.3% in urban. The PCR product analysis of glutamate dehydrogenase gene revealed two genotypes (assemblage A and assemblage B) amplified at 264 bp and 460 bp for identifying G.lamblia.","PeriodicalId":506697,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS","volume":"28 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-06
Bella Eunika, Johannes Ibrahim Kosasih, P. Wesna
The existence of an Individual Company, which aims to ease abbreviate by reducing or simplifying the rules, raises a dilemma in its regulation which shifts the meaning of a company as a legal entity. The method used is normative legal research, with the legal approach used is conceptual and statutory approach. The existence of an Individual Company as a legal entity that can be recognized as a legal subject is only passed with a Statement of Establishment of an Individual Company and registered to the Ministry of Law and Human Rights based on the Job Creation Law. The convenience found was only based on an economic point of view. Practically speaking, there are more hazards in the society. As an example, the Individual Company credit facility, which is hesitant to be granted by the bank as the creditor because it is still categorized as individual credit. Although it has the status of a legal entity, its establishment by one person and without a Notary may not ensure certainty for all parties in the Individual Company.
{"title":"The Dilemmatic of the Absence of a Notary’s Deed in an Individual Company after the Enactment of the Job Creation Law as a Form of Legal Certainty","authors":"Bella Eunika, Johannes Ibrahim Kosasih, P. Wesna","doi":"10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-06","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of an Individual Company, which aims to ease abbreviate by reducing or simplifying the rules, raises a dilemma in its regulation which shifts the meaning of a company as a legal entity. The method used is normative legal research, with the legal approach used is conceptual and statutory approach. The existence of an Individual Company as a legal entity that can be recognized as a legal subject is only passed with a Statement of Establishment of an Individual Company and registered to the Ministry of Law and Human Rights based on the Job Creation Law. The convenience found was only based on an economic point of view. Practically speaking, there are more hazards in the society. As an example, the Individual Company credit facility, which is hesitant to be granted by the bank as the creditor because it is still categorized as individual credit. Although it has the status of a legal entity, its establishment by one person and without a Notary may not ensure certainty for all parties in the Individual Company.","PeriodicalId":506697,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-07
I. M. K. Wijaya, Putu Adi Suputra
Air pollution has emerged as a significant peril to public health on a global scale, with around five million deaths occurring each year as a direct result of air pollution. The respiratory system mostly absorbs air contaminants, which then enter the alveoli and circulate in the bloodstream. Exposure to particulate matter (PM), the primary pollutant, can lead to acute inflammation of the respiratory tract and exacerbate pre-existing chronic lung inflammation. The extent of damage produced by particulate matter (PM) is determined by the manner in which the particles enter the lungs, including factors such as their aerodynamic diameter, ambient air velocity, and respiratory rate. Additionally, the manner in which the particles depart the lungs, involving processes such as nostril hair, mucociliary clearance, and macrophage phagocytosis, also plays a role in determining the damage caused. During periods of low air quality, particulate matter (PM) can negatively impact the immune system by causing damage to the bronchial mucociliary system. This damage makes it harder for the body to eliminate pathogens and leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines, which can harm lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Additionally, it inhibits intercellular communication within the gaps of the epithelial barrier, hence reducing its efficacy as a protective barrier for the lungs. The detrimental effects of PM can be attributed to oxidative stress caused by free radicals. PM has the ability to directly stimulate macrophages, leading to inflammation and an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) impair antioxidant defenses and inflict damage on DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Lung function will decline as a result of bronchoconstriction, pulmonary edema (which leads to thickening of the alveolar capillaries), and fibrosis (which restricts lung expansion) caused by epithelial thickening. Based on the findings of many research, it may be inferred that an excessive influx of particles can lead to an excessive burden on the lungs, consequently impairing the respiratory system's defense capability and potentially resulting in lung damage. These investigations have established that higher levels of exposure to particulate matter are linked to a larger likelihood of reduced lung function. On the other hand, decreasing the amount of these particles that one is exposed to will reduce the danger.
{"title":"Exposure to Particulate Matter Affects Lung Function and Performance: A Literature Review","authors":"I. M. K. Wijaya, Putu Adi Suputra","doi":"10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-07","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution has emerged as a significant peril to public health on a global scale, with around five million deaths occurring each year as a direct result of air pollution. The respiratory system mostly absorbs air contaminants, which then enter the alveoli and circulate in the bloodstream. Exposure to particulate matter (PM), the primary pollutant, can lead to acute inflammation of the respiratory tract and exacerbate pre-existing chronic lung inflammation. The extent of damage produced by particulate matter (PM) is determined by the manner in which the particles enter the lungs, including factors such as their aerodynamic diameter, ambient air velocity, and respiratory rate. Additionally, the manner in which the particles depart the lungs, involving processes such as nostril hair, mucociliary clearance, and macrophage phagocytosis, also plays a role in determining the damage caused. During periods of low air quality, particulate matter (PM) can negatively impact the immune system by causing damage to the bronchial mucociliary system. This damage makes it harder for the body to eliminate pathogens and leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines, which can harm lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Additionally, it inhibits intercellular communication within the gaps of the epithelial barrier, hence reducing its efficacy as a protective barrier for the lungs. The detrimental effects of PM can be attributed to oxidative stress caused by free radicals. PM has the ability to directly stimulate macrophages, leading to inflammation and an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) impair antioxidant defenses and inflict damage on DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Lung function will decline as a result of bronchoconstriction, pulmonary edema (which leads to thickening of the alveolar capillaries), and fibrosis (which restricts lung expansion) caused by epithelial thickening. Based on the findings of many research, it may be inferred that an excessive influx of particles can lead to an excessive burden on the lungs, consequently impairing the respiratory system's defense capability and potentially resulting in lung damage. These investigations have established that higher levels of exposure to particulate matter are linked to a larger likelihood of reduced lung function. On the other hand, decreasing the amount of these particles that one is exposed to will reduce the danger.","PeriodicalId":506697,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-21
S. Rismen, Dewi Juliana Fitri, Rahmi Rahmi, Juni Selvia
The low level of learning independence, students' problem-solving abilities, and instructional materials that do not yet use digital as a demand for 21st century learning inspire this research. The goal of this study is to create a valid and useful Problem Based Learning based E-Module on data display and measurement material. Data centralized. This is development research (Research and Development/ R&D) employing the Plomp development paradigm. This development strategy employs two stages: preliminary research and prototyping. The subjects of this study were nine SMAN 13 Padang class X students. Observation sheets, interview guides, and questionnaires were employed as study instruments. Techniques for data analysis employ quantitative and qualitative analysis. The E-Module's validity based on problem-based learning was 89.85%, with a very valid category. The E-Module's practicality results were 87.33% in the extremely practical category. Based on the findings, it is possible to infer that the E-Module based on problem-based learning on data presentation material and data concentration measurements at SMAN 13 Padang is valid and practical, and that it may be utilized as teaching material.
{"title":"Problem Based Learning E-Module Development on Statistic Topics","authors":"S. Rismen, Dewi Juliana Fitri, Rahmi Rahmi, Juni Selvia","doi":"10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-21","url":null,"abstract":"The low level of learning independence, students' problem-solving abilities, and instructional materials that do not yet use digital as a demand for 21st century learning inspire this research. The goal of this study is to create a valid and useful Problem Based Learning based E-Module on data display and measurement material. Data centralized. This is development research (Research and Development/ R&D) employing the Plomp development paradigm. This development strategy employs two stages: preliminary research and prototyping. The subjects of this study were nine SMAN 13 Padang class X students. Observation sheets, interview guides, and questionnaires were employed as study instruments. Techniques for data analysis employ quantitative and qualitative analysis. The E-Module's validity based on problem-based learning was 89.85%, with a very valid category. The E-Module's practicality results were 87.33% in the extremely practical category. Based on the findings, it is possible to infer that the E-Module based on problem-based learning on data presentation material and data concentration measurements at SMAN 13 Padang is valid and practical, and that it may be utilized as teaching material.","PeriodicalId":506697,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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