Ping Li, Ying Yang, Jiahao Chen, Lanchen Liang, Shulan Xu, An Li, Shuo Yang
Aim
To investigate the accuracy of robotic computer-assisted implant surgery (r-CAIS) for transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE) with simultaneous implant placement.
Materials and Methods
Virtual sinus elevation and a stepwise drilling plan were created on the robotic operating system before surgery. Robotic arm automatically executed drilling tasks during procedure. Fourteen implants in ten patients with missing teeth in the posterior maxilla were placed by robotic computer-assisted implant surgery through TSFE. Deviations between the planned and placed implants were evaluated with an immediate postoperative CBCT scan. The coronal, apical, and angular deviations between the planned and actual implant placement were measured.
Results
A total of 10 patients with edentulism in the posterior maxilla were included, and 14 implants were placed. The robot-assisted TSFE with simultaneous implant surgery exhibited a mean global coronal deviation of 0.72 mm (range: 0.32–1.57 mm, 95% CI: 0.52–0.92 mm), a mean global apical deviation of 0.78 mm (range: 0.33–1.50 mm, 95% CI: 0.60–0.96 mm), and an angular deviation of 2.20° (range: 0.16°–8.70°, 95% CI: 0.82°–3.60°), respectively. Throughout the surgical intervention, no immediate or significant complications were noted, and no evidence of complications such as tissue perforation or premature implantation failure was documented in the postoperative phase.
Conclusions
The r-CAIS-assisted TSFE demonstrated potential techniques for implant osteotomy and placement. Nevertheless, further clinical trials are necessary to reinforce evidence-based clinical outcomes.
目的探讨机器人计算机辅助种植手术（r-CAIS）在经瓣窦底抬高术（TSFE）中同时放置种植体的准确性。材料与方法术前在机器人操作系统上建立虚拟窦抬高和逐步钻孔计划。机械臂在钻孔过程中自动执行钻孔任务。对10例后上颌缺牙患者，采用机器人计算机辅助种植技术，通过TSFE植入14颗种植体。术后立即进行CBCT扫描，评估计划植入物和放置植入物之间的偏差。测量计划种植体放置与实际种植体放置之间的冠状、根尖和角度偏差。结果共纳入10例后上颌无牙症患者，种植体14颗。机器人辅助TSFE同时进行种植手术时，平均冠状面总偏差为0.72 mm（范围：0.32-1.57 mm, 95% CI: 0.52-0.92 mm），平均根尖总偏差为0.78 mm（范围：0.33-1.50 mm, 95% CI: 0.60-0.96 mm），角偏差为2.20°（范围：0.16°-8.70°，95% CI: 0.82°-3.60°）。在整个手术过程中，没有立即或明显的并发症被注意到，也没有证据表明术后出现组织穿孔或过早植入失败等并发症。结论r- cais辅助的TSFE显示了种植体截骨和放置的潜在技术。然而，需要进一步的临床试验来加强循证临床结果。
{"title":"Accuracy of Robotic Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery for Transcrestal Sinus Floor Elevation: A Retrospective Case Series Study","authors":"Ping Li, Ying Yang, Jiahao Chen, Lanchen Liang, Shulan Xu, An Li, Shuo Yang","doi":"10.1111/cid.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the accuracy of robotic computer-assisted implant surgery (r-CAIS) for transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE) with simultaneous implant placement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Virtual sinus elevation and a stepwise drilling plan were created on the robotic operating system before surgery. Robotic arm automatically executed drilling tasks during procedure. Fourteen implants in ten patients with missing teeth in the posterior maxilla were placed by robotic computer-assisted implant surgery through TSFE. Deviations between the planned and placed implants were evaluated with an immediate postoperative CBCT scan. The coronal, apical, and angular deviations between the planned and actual implant placement were measured.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 10 patients with edentulism in the posterior maxilla were included, and 14 implants were placed. The robot-assisted TSFE with simultaneous implant surgery exhibited a mean global coronal deviation of 0.72 mm (range: 0.32–1.57 mm, 95% CI: 0.52–0.92 mm), a mean global apical deviation of 0.78 mm (range: 0.33–1.50 mm, 95% CI: 0.60–0.96 mm), and an angular deviation of 2.20° (range: 0.16°–8.70°, 95% CI: 0.82°–3.60°), respectively. Throughout the surgical intervention, no immediate or significant complications were noted, and no evidence of complications such as tissue perforation or premature implantation failure was documented in the postoperative phase.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The r-CAIS-assisted TSFE demonstrated potential techniques for implant osteotomy and placement. Nevertheless, further clinical trials are necessary to reinforce evidence-based clinical outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50679,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144581908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in Sinus Floor Augmentation for Maxillary Posterior Reconstruction","authors":"Yung-Ting Hsu, Tiziano Testori","doi":"10.1111/cid.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.70074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50679,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144581909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to compare the biomechanical behaviors in the all-on-four and all-on-six concept prostheses of different framework materials (cobalt-chromium Co-Cr, titanium Ti, and polyetheretherketone PEEK) and posterior implant angulation in the completely edentulous maxilla.
Material and Methods
According to the all-on-four and all-on-six concepts, four different three-dimensional (3D) models were created for the completely edentulous maxilla. The posterior implants were positioned in the premolar region, 30° and 45° angled distally. The frameworks were designed and simulated using the material properties of Co-Cr, Ti, and PEEK. A load of 200 N in the palatobuccal direction was applied to the occlusal surface of the posterior implants bilaterally. The von Mises, maximum, and minimum principal stresses were obtained.
Results
In both concepts, the stress values of the PEEK framework were significantly higher than the stress values of Co-Cr and Ti frameworks in terms of implant, cortical bone, and abutment. The highest von Mises value between frameworks was determined in the Co-Cr framework in the all-on-six concept. Implants with a 45° angle in the posterior showed higher stress values than implants with a 30° angle.
Conclusion
As the number of implants increased, the stress on the implant and cortical bone decreased, while it increased on the abutment and prosthetic framework. The increase in the tilt angle of the posterior implants was directly proportional to the rise in stress concentration.
{"title":"Comparison of Different Frameworks and Implant Angulations in All-On-Four and Six Concepts: A Finite Element Analysis","authors":"Cumhur Korkmaz, Selin Ertem Aydın","doi":"10.1111/cid.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study aimed to compare the biomechanical behaviors in the all-on-four and all-on-six concept prostheses of different framework materials (cobalt-chromium Co-Cr, titanium Ti, and polyetheretherketone PEEK) and posterior implant angulation in the completely edentulous maxilla.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>According to the all-on-four and all-on-six concepts, four different three-dimensional (3D) models were created for the completely edentulous maxilla. The posterior implants were positioned in the premolar region, 30° and 45° angled distally. The frameworks were designed and simulated using the material properties of Co-Cr, Ti, and PEEK. A load of 200 N in the palatobuccal direction was applied to the occlusal surface of the posterior implants bilaterally. The von Mises, maximum, and minimum principal stresses were obtained.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In both concepts, the stress values of the PEEK framework were significantly higher than the stress values of Co-Cr and Ti frameworks in terms of implant, cortical bone, and abutment. The highest von Mises value between frameworks was determined in the Co-Cr framework in the all-on-six concept. Implants with a 45° angle in the posterior showed higher stress values than implants with a 30° angle.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As the number of implants increased, the stress on the implant and cortical bone decreased, while it increased on the abutment and prosthetic framework. The increase in the tilt angle of the posterior implants was directly proportional to the rise in stress concentration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50679,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Palombo, Federico Rivara, Liebert Parreiras Nogueira, Fabio Vignoletti, Javier Sanz Esporrin, Håvard Jostein Haugen, Mariano Sanz
Objectives
To evaluate the three-dimensional hard and soft tissue healing around a modified dental implant presenting a tissue level connection and a convergent transmucosal neck (test), compared with a conventional bone level implant (control).
Material and Methods
Sixteen test and 16 control implants were placed in 8 experimental animals, following a random allocation sequence. Peri-implant bone volume and surface, 360° bone to implant contact (360-BIC), peri-implant soft tissue volume, and buccal and lingual peri-implant soft tissue thickness, were evaluated through Micro-CT and digital volumetric analysis at 4 and 12 weeks of healing.
Results
In the most coronal mm of the implant surface apical to the implant platform, both at 4 and 12 weeks, 360-BIC was higher at test implants. At 4 weeks, it was approximately 4 times higher (+303.26%; ∆ = 39.83%; p = 0.05) and at 12 weeks, 2.50 times higher (+151.8%; ∆ = 43.23%; p = 0.03). In the same area of interest, a statistically non-significant trend towards a higher 360° peri-implant bone volume was also observed in the test group, both at 4 weeks (+ 272.72%; ∆ = 8.70 mm3; p = 0.07) and 12 weeks (+ 154.54%; ∆ = 8.32 mm3; p = 0.09), being statistically significant only for the lingual bone volume at 4 weeks (+246.47%; ∆ = 5.94 mm3; p = 0.02). No significant differences were observed when comparing the soft tissue volumes and thicknesses among the two groups.
Conclusions
Test implants demonstrate superior 360-BIC and bone volumes around the most coronal implant surface, below the implant platform, while no relevant differences in soft tissue volumes and thickness were observed.
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Hard and Soft Tissue Healing at Implants With A Modified Neck Design: An In Vivo Preclinical Study","authors":"David Palombo, Federico Rivara, Liebert Parreiras Nogueira, Fabio Vignoletti, Javier Sanz Esporrin, Håvard Jostein Haugen, Mariano Sanz","doi":"10.1111/cid.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the three-dimensional hard and soft tissue healing around a modified dental implant presenting a tissue level connection and a convergent transmucosal neck (test), compared with a conventional bone level implant (control).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixteen test and 16 control implants were placed in 8 experimental animals, following a random allocation sequence. Peri-implant bone volume and surface, 360° bone to implant contact (360-BIC), peri-implant soft tissue volume, and buccal and lingual peri-implant soft tissue thickness, were evaluated through Micro-CT and digital volumetric analysis at 4 and 12 weeks of healing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the most coronal mm of the implant surface apical to the implant platform, both at 4 and 12 weeks, 360-BIC was higher at test implants. At 4 weeks, it was approximately 4 times higher (+303.26%; <i>∆</i> = 39.83%; <i>p</i> = 0.05) and at 12 weeks, 2.50 times higher (+151.8%; <i>∆</i> = 43.23%; <i>p</i> = 0.03). In the same area of interest, a statistically non-significant trend towards a higher 360° peri-implant bone volume was also observed in the test group, both at 4 weeks (+ 272.72%; <i>∆</i> = 8.70 mm<sup>3</sup>; <i>p</i> = 0.07) and 12 weeks (+ 154.54%; <i>∆</i> = 8.32 mm<sup>3</sup>; <i>p</i> = 0.09), being statistically significant only for the lingual bone volume at 4 weeks (+246.47%; <i>∆</i> = 5.94 mm<sup>3</sup>; <i>p</i> = 0.02). No significant differences were observed when comparing the soft tissue volumes and thicknesses among the two groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Test implants demonstrate superior 360-BIC and bone volumes around the most coronal implant surface, below the implant platform, while no relevant differences in soft tissue volumes and thickness were observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50679,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tingyu Xie, Ikiru Atsuta, Ikue Narimatsu, Bin Ji, Kiyoshi Koyano, Yasunori Ayukawa
Background
Achieving stable bone regeneration and soft tissue integration is critical for the success of dental implants, especially in patients with alveolar bone defects. Carbonate apatite (CO3Ap), a synthetic bone substitute, has emerged as a promising alternative due to its excellent osteoconductivity and biocompatibility. However, CO3Ap lacks osteoinductive capacity, which limits its effectiveness in promoting bone regeneration on its own.
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a CO3Ap–autogenous bone (AB) mixture on bone regeneration and soft tissue integration in a rat maxillary implant model.
Materials and Methods
Sixty rats underwent extraction of their maxillary molars, followed by titanium implant placement. The extraction sockets were filled with three different materials: CO3Ap, AB, or a CO3Ap–AB mixture. In vivo bone tissue and soft tissue evaluations were performed at specified time points. Additionally, in vitro experiments were conducted to assess the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells when exposed to the CO3Ap–AB mixture.
Results
In vivo experiments showed that the CO3Ap–AB mixture significantly enhanced bone volume and maintained high bone mineral density compared to CO3Ap and AB alone. Furthermore, the mixture promoted longer epithelial attachment, suggesting its potential for long-term soft tissue stabilization. In vitro, the CO3Ap–AB mixture effectively promoted osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
Conclusions
The combination of CO3Ap and AB exhibited a synergistic effect, enhancing early bone regeneration, osseointegration, and soft tissue sealing, which are crucial for implant stability. The CO3Ap–AB mixture shows great potential as a clinically effective bone substitute for dental implant treatment in patients with compromised bone conditions.
{"title":"Effects of Carbonate Apatite and Bone Mixture on Bone and Soft Tissue Integration in a Rat Implant Model","authors":"Tingyu Xie, Ikiru Atsuta, Ikue Narimatsu, Bin Ji, Kiyoshi Koyano, Yasunori Ayukawa","doi":"10.1111/cid.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Achieving stable bone regeneration and soft tissue integration is critical for the success of dental implants, especially in patients with alveolar bone defects. Carbonate apatite (CO<sub>3</sub>Ap), a synthetic bone substitute, has emerged as a promising alternative due to its excellent osteoconductivity and biocompatibility. However, CO<sub>3</sub>Ap lacks osteoinductive capacity, which limits its effectiveness in promoting bone regeneration on its own.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a CO<sub>3</sub>Ap–autogenous bone (AB) mixture on bone regeneration and soft tissue integration in a rat maxillary implant model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty rats underwent extraction of their maxillary molars, followed by titanium implant placement. The extraction sockets were filled with three different materials: CO<sub>3</sub>Ap, AB, or a CO<sub>3</sub>Ap–AB mixture. In vivo bone tissue and soft tissue evaluations were performed at specified time points. Additionally, in vitro experiments were conducted to assess the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells when exposed to the CO<sub>3</sub>Ap–AB mixture.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In vivo experiments showed that the CO<sub>3</sub>Ap–AB mixture significantly enhanced bone volume and maintained high bone mineral density compared to CO3Ap and AB alone. Furthermore, the mixture promoted longer epithelial attachment, suggesting its potential for long-term soft tissue stabilization. In vitro, the CO<sub>3</sub>Ap–AB mixture effectively promoted osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The combination of CO<sub>3</sub>Ap and AB exhibited a synergistic effect, enhancing early bone regeneration, osseointegration, and soft tissue sealing, which are crucial for implant stability. The CO<sub>3</sub>Ap–AB mixture shows great potential as a clinically effective bone substitute for dental implant treatment in patients with compromised bone conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50679,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cid.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RETRACTION: J. Gottlow, L. Sennerby, “ Influence of diameter and length on primary stability in various implant site densities—An in vitro study in polyurethane blocks,” Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research26, no. 2 (2024): 327–332, https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.13290.
The above article, published online on November 5, 2023, in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by mutual agreement of the authors, Johan Gottlow, DDS, and Lars Sennerby, DDS, PhD; the journal's Editor-in-Chief, Prof. Philippe Hujoel; Prof. Hom-Lay Wang; and Wiley Periodicals LLC. This retraction has been issued due to the identification of unattributed overlap between this article and an unpublished study conducted by a former colleague of the authors during their student years. This finding was confirmed by an institutional investigation. Accordingly, the article has been retracted to maintain the integrity of the scientific record.
撤回：J. Gottlow， L. Sennerby，“不同种植体密度下直径和长度对初始稳定性的影响-聚氨酯块体的体外研究”，临床种植牙科学与相关研究26，no。2 (2024): 327-332, https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.13290。上述文章于2023年11月5日在线发表在Wiley在线图书馆（wileyonlinelibrary.com）上，经作者（DDS的Johan Gottlow和DDS的Lars Sennerby博士）共同同意撤回；该杂志主编Philippe Hujoel教授；王仁礼教授；和Wiley期刊有限责任公司。由于本文与作者学生时期的前同事进行的一项未发表的研究之间存在未归因于的重叠，因此发布了此撤回。这一发现得到了一项机构调查的证实。因此，该文已被撤回，以保持科学记录的完整性。
{"title":"RETRACTION: Influence of diameter and length on primary stability in various implant site densities—An in vitro study in polyurethane blocks","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/cid.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <b>RETRACTION</b>: <span>J. Gottlow</span>, <span>L. Sennerby</span>, “ <span>Influence of diameter and length on primary stability in various implant site densities—An in vitro study in polyurethane blocks</span>,” <i>Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research</i> <span>26</span>, no. <span>2</span> (<span>2024</span>): <span>327</span>–<span>332</span>, https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.13290.\u0000 </p><p>The above article, published online on November 5, 2023, in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by mutual agreement of the authors, Johan Gottlow, DDS, and Lars Sennerby, DDS, PhD; the journal's Editor-in-Chief, Prof. Philippe Hujoel; Prof. Hom-Lay Wang; and Wiley Periodicals LLC. This retraction has been issued due to the identification of unattributed overlap between this article and an unpublished study conducted by a former colleague of the authors during their student years. This finding was confirmed by an institutional investigation. Accordingly, the article has been retracted to maintain the integrity of the scientific record.</p>","PeriodicalId":50679,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cid.70073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Ballesteros, Solange Vásquez, Marta Revilla-León, Miguel Gómez-Polo
<div> <section> <h3> Purpose</h3> <p>The present study aims to evaluate whether differences in accuracy of the implant positions exist for static computer-aided implant placement based on the manufacturing process of surgical guides and the inclusion or not of metal sleeves.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Seventy-two implants (6 per model) were placed in 12 models simulating a partially edentulous maxilla using 12 dentally supported surgical guides anchored with 2 anchor pins. The surgical guides were divided into three groups: additive manufactured with a metal sleeve (Group PS), additive manufactured without a metal sleeve (Group PNS), and subtractive manufactured without a metal sleeve (Group MNS). The internal drilling diameter was standardized for all groups (4.85 mm). Deviations between the planned virtual implant positions and the scanned postoperative models were assessed in three parameters: 3D deviations at the crest, 3D deviations at the apex, and angular deviations in the implant insertion axis. The Shapiro–Wilk test was applied to analyze the normality of the sample distribution. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used to analyze the deviations among the groups (<i>α</i> = 0.05).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Statistical differences were reported among the groups in the parameters: 3D deviations at the crest, 3D deviations at the apex, and angular deviations in the implant insertion axis (<i>p</i> < 0.05). At the crest, the smallest 3D deviation was recorded in the MNS group (0.498 ± 0.337 mm) followed by the PNS group (0.660 ± 0.572 mm) and the PS group (1.028 ± 0.424 mm) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). At the apex, as well, the lowest deviation was observed in the MNS group (0.810 ± 0.544 mm) followed by the PNS group (0.840 ± 0.620) and the PS group (1.360 ± 0.990 mm) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Regarding angular deviations, the best results were obtained by the PNS group (1.44° ± 1.57°) with statistically significant differences with both the MNS group (2.90° ± 2.35°) and the PS group (3.88° ± 2.85°) (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>The accuracy of the implant position was affected by the inclusion or absence of metal sleeves and the manufacturing method. Overall, non-sleeved guides deliver better accuracy by reducing crestal and apical deviations, as well as angular errors. Differences between the groups without metal sleeves, 3D printed and milled, were found in the implant angulation, where the 3D printed group obtained more accurate results.</p> </s
{"title":"A Comparative Study on the Accuracy of Implant Placement Using 3D-Printed and Milled Guides Without Metal Sleeves","authors":"Juan Ballesteros, Solange Vásquez, Marta Revilla-León, Miguel Gómez-Polo","doi":"10.1111/cid.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study aims to evaluate whether differences in accuracy of the implant positions exist for static computer-aided implant placement based on the manufacturing process of surgical guides and the inclusion or not of metal sleeves.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy-two implants (6 per model) were placed in 12 models simulating a partially edentulous maxilla using 12 dentally supported surgical guides anchored with 2 anchor pins. The surgical guides were divided into three groups: additive manufactured with a metal sleeve (Group PS), additive manufactured without a metal sleeve (Group PNS), and subtractive manufactured without a metal sleeve (Group MNS). The internal drilling diameter was standardized for all groups (4.85 mm). Deviations between the planned virtual implant positions and the scanned postoperative models were assessed in three parameters: 3D deviations at the crest, 3D deviations at the apex, and angular deviations in the implant insertion axis. The Shapiro–Wilk test was applied to analyze the normality of the sample distribution. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used to analyze the deviations among the groups (<i>α</i> = 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Statistical differences were reported among the groups in the parameters: 3D deviations at the crest, 3D deviations at the apex, and angular deviations in the implant insertion axis (<i>p</i> < 0.05). At the crest, the smallest 3D deviation was recorded in the MNS group (0.498 ± 0.337 mm) followed by the PNS group (0.660 ± 0.572 mm) and the PS group (1.028 ± 0.424 mm) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). At the apex, as well, the lowest deviation was observed in the MNS group (0.810 ± 0.544 mm) followed by the PNS group (0.840 ± 0.620) and the PS group (1.360 ± 0.990 mm) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Regarding angular deviations, the best results were obtained by the PNS group (1.44° ± 1.57°) with statistically significant differences with both the MNS group (2.90° ± 2.35°) and the PS group (3.88° ± 2.85°) (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The accuracy of the implant position was affected by the inclusion or absence of metal sleeves and the manufacturing method. Overall, non-sleeved guides deliver better accuracy by reducing crestal and apical deviations, as well as angular errors. Differences between the groups without metal sleeves, 3D printed and milled, were found in the implant angulation, where the 3D printed group obtained more accurate results.</p>\u0000 </s","PeriodicalId":50679,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cid.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Uneven data distribution (due to rare outcomes) and repeated measurements (from multiple implants per patient) hinder the creation of a precise oral implant failure risk model.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Purpose</h3> <p>The aim of this study was to explore variable selection methods suitable for oral implant data, assess risk factors of early failure and postoperative complications, and apply the two-step cluster analysis to establish a risk prediction model for oral implant failure, providing a reference for clinical practice.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Materials and Methods</h3> <p>This study was a retrospective analysis, with early failure and postoperative complications serving as the outcome indicators. Given the repeated measurements and uneven distribution in oral implant data, our study conducted a comparative analysis between GEE and GEE with Firth penalization. This study evaluated the influencing factors screened by a more suitable model and utilized them for subsequent risk prediction. A two-step cluster analysis was applied to identify different subgroups of early failure and postoperative complications; their clinical characteristics were compared, and relevant risk prediction models were developed.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Among a total of 677 patients and 1200 implants, 21 implants were lost prior to loading, and postoperative complications occurred in 74 patients involving 94 implants. The GEE model with Firth's penalty term indicated that non-submerged healing (<i>p</i> < 0.001), shorter implant length (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and thinner diameter (<i>p</i> = 0.007) were risk factors for early failure. The GEE model showed that non-submerged healing (<i>p</i> = 0.039) was a protective factor against postoperative complications, whereas unhealed extraction sockets at the implant site (<i>p</i> = 0.048), the use of bone substitutes (<i>p</i> = 0.008), and a history of periodontal disease (<i>p</i> = 0.009) were risk factors. Additionally, the use of bovine tendon-derived absorbable biomembranes (<i>p</i> = 0.036) may elevate the risk of postoperative complications. The two-step cluster analysis identified two patient subgroups, categorized as high-risk and low-risk, and the prediction model demonstrated good discrimination ability.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Early failure data were highly imbalanced, and the incorporation of the Firth penalty term provided significant benefits. However, its effectiveness in managing postoperative complication dat
{"title":"Predicting Implant Failure and Complications Using Cluster Analysis After Variable Selection: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Jinlin Zhang, Yufeng Gao, Yannan Cao, Zhuang Ding, Bo Chen, Fangyong Zhu","doi":"10.1111/cid.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Uneven data distribution (due to rare outcomes) and repeated measurements (from multiple implants per patient) hinder the creation of a precise oral implant failure risk model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to explore variable selection methods suitable for oral implant data, assess risk factors of early failure and postoperative complications, and apply the two-step cluster analysis to establish a risk prediction model for oral implant failure, providing a reference for clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was a retrospective analysis, with early failure and postoperative complications serving as the outcome indicators. Given the repeated measurements and uneven distribution in oral implant data, our study conducted a comparative analysis between GEE and GEE with Firth penalization. This study evaluated the influencing factors screened by a more suitable model and utilized them for subsequent risk prediction. A two-step cluster analysis was applied to identify different subgroups of early failure and postoperative complications; their clinical characteristics were compared, and relevant risk prediction models were developed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among a total of 677 patients and 1200 implants, 21 implants were lost prior to loading, and postoperative complications occurred in 74 patients involving 94 implants. The GEE model with Firth's penalty term indicated that non-submerged healing (<i>p</i> < 0.001), shorter implant length (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and thinner diameter (<i>p</i> = 0.007) were risk factors for early failure. The GEE model showed that non-submerged healing (<i>p</i> = 0.039) was a protective factor against postoperative complications, whereas unhealed extraction sockets at the implant site (<i>p</i> = 0.048), the use of bone substitutes (<i>p</i> = 0.008), and a history of periodontal disease (<i>p</i> = 0.009) were risk factors. Additionally, the use of bovine tendon-derived absorbable biomembranes (<i>p</i> = 0.036) may elevate the risk of postoperative complications. The two-step cluster analysis identified two patient subgroups, categorized as high-risk and low-risk, and the prediction model demonstrated good discrimination ability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early failure data were highly imbalanced, and the incorporation of the Firth penalty term provided significant benefits. However, its effectiveness in managing postoperative complication dat","PeriodicalId":50679,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stefan Matthijs, Véronique Christiaens, Carine Matthys, Hugo De Bruyn, Maarten Glibert
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>In order to reduce crestal bone remodeling around the implant shoulder, different implant macrodesigns have been developed. The presence of microthreads at the coronal part of the implant, as well as platform-shifting using a conical internal abutment connection, is suggested to limit bone remodeling. However, long-term studies excluding confounding factors to confirm this are scarce.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the effect of implant neck design (microthreaded vs. non-microthreaded) as well as type of abutment connection (internal conical vs. external flat-to-flat) on long-term crestal bone remodeling and peri-implant health. Additionally, the clinical outcome of bar-retained maxillary overdentures on 4 implants is reported after at least 6 years of function.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Materials and Methods</h3> <p>Twenty-five patients were treated with a bar-retained maxillary overdenture. Each patient received 4 different implants, one of each of the 4 experimental designs, with respectively: internal connection and microthreads on the implant neck (I MT); internal connection without microthreads (I NMT); external connection with microthreads (E MT); and external connection without microthreads (E NMT). Other features, such as diameter, surface topography, extent of platform switch, as well as the surgical and prosthetic treatment protocol, were identical. The implants were randomly allocated to the sites (posterior right, anterior right, anterior left, and posterior left), based on a pre-randomized, fixed-order assignment generated by a randomization software. Radiographic crestal bone loss (CBL), plaque score (PS), bleeding on probing (BoP) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were determined after 1 and 6 function years.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Two implants in 2 patients were excluded because of protocol deviations, requiring the placement of a wider implant. Four out of 98 implants (4.1%) failed during the provisionalization process. These were replaced with the same type of implant after 3 months of healing and were included in further analysis. Due to the relatively small sample size and high drop-out rate, the effect of microthread design and connection on implant survival could only be reported descriptively. Twenty patients could be re-evaluated at the 1-year and 6-year time points, resulting in 78 examined implants. These showed a mean CBL of 0.39 mm (SD: 0.68; range: 0–3.42) after 1 year and 0.37 mm (SD: 0.61; range: −0.34—3.03) after 6 years. Between the 4 different study implants, no statisticall
背景为了减少假体肩部周围的嵴骨重塑，人们开发了不同的大尺寸假体。在种植体冠状部分存在微螺纹，以及使用锥形内基台连接的平台移动，建议限制骨重塑。然而，排除混杂因素来证实这一点的长期研究很少。目的：本随机对照试验旨在评估种植体颈部设计（微螺纹与非微螺纹）以及基台连接类型（内圆锥形与外平对平）对长期牙冠骨重塑和种植体周围健康的影响。此外，4种种植体的上颌覆盖义齿在功能至少6年后的临床结果也有报道。材料与方法对25例患者进行上颌覆盖义齿种植。每位患者接受4种不同的种植体，4种实验设计各一种，分别为：种植体颈部内连接和微螺纹（I MT）；无微螺纹内连接（I NMT）；微螺纹外连接（E MT）；无微螺纹外连接（E - NMT）。其他特征，如直径，表面形貌，平台切换的程度，以及手术和假体治疗方案，是相同的。根据随机化软件生成的预随机固定顺序分配，植入物被随机分配到位置（右后、右前、左前和左后）。分别在1年和6个功能年后测定胸膜嵴骨丢失（CBL）、斑块评分（PS）、探探出血（BoP）和探探袋深度（PPD）。结果2例患者2枚种植体因方案偏差被排除，需要放置更宽的种植体。98个植入物中有4个（4.1%）在预备过程中失败。在愈合3个月后用相同类型的植入物替换，并纳入进一步分析。由于样本量相对较小，退出率较高，微螺纹设计和连接对种植体存活的影响只能描述性报道。20例患者可以在1年和6年的时间点重新评估，结果检查了78个种植体。平均CBL为0.39 mm (SD: 0.68；范围：0-3.42)，1年后0.37 mm (SD: 0.61；范围：−0.34-3.03)6年后。在4种不同的研究植入物之间，随着时间的推移，CBL没有统计学上的显著差异。随着时间的推移，微螺纹和连接类型对CBL的影响都没有统计学意义，在6年的重新评估中，对PPD、BoP和PS也没有统计学意义。结论四种植体棒固位上颌覆盖义齿种植6年后，种植体和义齿成活率高，冠骨稳定。微螺纹的存在与否以及种植体-基台连接的类型对种植体周围CBL的影响有限。种植体周围健康参数表明没有种植体周围炎。临床试验注册ClinicalTrials.gov标识符：NCT06821308
{"title":"A 6-Year Randomized Controlled Trial on Different Implant Designs in Maxillary Overdenture Patients","authors":"Stefan Matthijs, Véronique Christiaens, Carine Matthys, Hugo De Bruyn, Maarten Glibert","doi":"10.1111/cid.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In order to reduce crestal bone remodeling around the implant shoulder, different implant macrodesigns have been developed. The presence of microthreads at the coronal part of the implant, as well as platform-shifting using a conical internal abutment connection, is suggested to limit bone remodeling. However, long-term studies excluding confounding factors to confirm this are scarce.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the effect of implant neck design (microthreaded vs. non-microthreaded) as well as type of abutment connection (internal conical vs. external flat-to-flat) on long-term crestal bone remodeling and peri-implant health. Additionally, the clinical outcome of bar-retained maxillary overdentures on 4 implants is reported after at least 6 years of function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-five patients were treated with a bar-retained maxillary overdenture. Each patient received 4 different implants, one of each of the 4 experimental designs, with respectively: internal connection and microthreads on the implant neck (I MT); internal connection without microthreads (I NMT); external connection with microthreads (E MT); and external connection without microthreads (E NMT). Other features, such as diameter, surface topography, extent of platform switch, as well as the surgical and prosthetic treatment protocol, were identical. The implants were randomly allocated to the sites (posterior right, anterior right, anterior left, and posterior left), based on a pre-randomized, fixed-order assignment generated by a randomization software. Radiographic crestal bone loss (CBL), plaque score (PS), bleeding on probing (BoP) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were determined after 1 and 6 function years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two implants in 2 patients were excluded because of protocol deviations, requiring the placement of a wider implant. Four out of 98 implants (4.1%) failed during the provisionalization process. These were replaced with the same type of implant after 3 months of healing and were included in further analysis. Due to the relatively small sample size and high drop-out rate, the effect of microthread design and connection on implant survival could only be reported descriptively. Twenty patients could be re-evaluated at the 1-year and 6-year time points, resulting in 78 examined implants. These showed a mean CBL of 0.39 mm (SD: 0.68; range: 0–3.42) after 1 year and 0.37 mm (SD: 0.61; range: −0.34—3.03) after 6 years. Between the 4 different study implants, no statisticall","PeriodicalId":50679,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To compare the efficacy of free gingival graft (FGG) around implants in reconstructed mandibles with free fibula flaps (FFFs) or iliac bone flaps (IBFs).
Materials and Methods
We included patients receiving mandibular reconstruction with FFFs or IBFs due to the removal of maxillofacial tumors who underwent implant and FGG placement prior to restoration. Clinical data were evaluated before (T0), immediately after (T1), 3 months after (T2), 6 months after (T3) and 1 year after (T4) FGG placement. We analyzed the keratinized mucosa width (KMW) gain and the shrinkage rate.
Results
A total of 30 patients were enrolled in this study, including 15 patients with 48 implants in the FFFs group and 15 patients with 52 implants in the IBFs group. The buccal KMW gain and shrinkage rate in the FFFs group were not statistically significant compared with the IBFs group at T4. In the IBFs group, the buccal KMW gain and shrinkage rate remained relatively stable after 6 months. The lingual KMW gain in the FFFs group was significantly greater than that in the IBFs group at T4 (2.1 ± 0.2 mm vs. 1.5 ± 0.2 mm, p < 0.05). The lingual shrinkage rate in the FFFs group was significantly smaller than that in the IBFs group at T4 (27.8% ± 5.5% vs. 47.3% ± 5.5%, p < 0.05).
Conclusions
FGG can reconstruct the keratinized mucosa effectively in a reconstructed mandible. The keratinized mucosa width gain decreases over time.
目的比较游离腓骨瓣（FFFs）与髂骨瓣（IBFs）修复下颌骨种植体周围游离牙龈移植的效果。材料和方法我们纳入了因颌面部肿瘤切除而接受fff或ibf下颌重建的患者，这些患者在修复前接受了种植体和FGG放置。评估FGG放置前（T0）、放置后立即（T1）、放置后3个月（T2）、放置后6个月（T3）和放置后1年（T4）的临床资料。我们分析了角化后的粘膜宽度（KMW）增益和收缩率。结果本研究共纳入30例患者，其中fff组15例植入48个假体，ibf组15例植入52个假体。在T4时，FFFs组颊部KMW增加和萎缩率与IBFs组比较无统计学意义。在IBFs组，6个月后，颊部KMW的增加和收缩率保持相对稳定。T4时，fff组舌部KMW增加明显大于ibf组（2.1±0.2 mm vs. 1.5±0.2 mm, p < 0.05）。在T4时，FFFs组的舌萎缩率明显小于IBFs组（27.8%±5.5% vs. 47.3%±5.5%,p < 0.05）。结论FGG能有效重建下颌骨角化黏膜。角化后的粘膜宽度随时间增加而减小。
{"title":"Effect of Free Gingival Graft Around Implants in Reconstructed Mandibles With Free Fibula Flaps or Iliac Bone Flaps","authors":"Jianfeng Liufu, Yanjun Ge, Xiancheng Zeng, Jiayun Dong, Yifan Kang, Yuru Hu, Ruifang Lu, Xiaofeng Shan, Zhigang Cai","doi":"10.1111/cid.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare the efficacy of free gingival graft (FGG) around implants in reconstructed mandibles with free fibula flaps (FFFs) or iliac bone flaps (IBFs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included patients receiving mandibular reconstruction with FFFs or IBFs due to the removal of maxillofacial tumors who underwent implant and FGG placement prior to restoration. Clinical data were evaluated before (T0), immediately after (T1), 3 months after (T2), 6 months after (T3) and 1 year after (T4) FGG placement. We analyzed the keratinized mucosa width (KMW) gain and the shrinkage rate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 30 patients were enrolled in this study, including 15 patients with 48 implants in the FFFs group and 15 patients with 52 implants in the IBFs group. The buccal KMW gain and shrinkage rate in the FFFs group were not statistically significant compared with the IBFs group at T4. In the IBFs group, the buccal KMW gain and shrinkage rate remained relatively stable after 6 months. The lingual KMW gain in the FFFs group was significantly greater than that in the IBFs group at T4 (2.1 ± 0.2 mm vs. 1.5 ± 0.2 mm, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The lingual shrinkage rate in the FFFs group was significantly smaller than that in the IBFs group at T4 (27.8% ± 5.5% vs. 47.3% ± 5.5%, <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>FGG can reconstruct the keratinized mucosa effectively in a reconstructed mandible. The keratinized mucosa width gain decreases over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50679,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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