Clinical & Translational Oncology最新文献

Objective: This study aims to assess the diagnostic utility of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in conjunction with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for differentiating between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules and to substantiate the foundation for their integration into clinical practice.

Methods: A systematic literature review was performed independently by two researchers utilizing databases including PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Embase, and Medline, to collate studies up to September 15, 2023, that investigated the application of CTCs in diagnosing pulmonary nodules. A meta-analysis was executed employing Stata 15.0 and Revman 5.4 to calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Additionally, trial sequential analysis was conducted using dedicated TSA software.

Results: The selection criteria identified 16 studies, encompassing a total of 3409 patients. The meta-analysis revealed that CTCs achieved a pooled sensitivity of 0.84 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.87), specificity of 0.80 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.86), PLR of 4.23 (95% CI 3.12 to 5.72), NLR of 0.20 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.25), DOR of 20.92 (95% CI 13.52 to 32.36), and AUC of 0.89 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.93).

Conclusions: Circulating tumor cells demonstrate substantial diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing benign from malignant pulmonary nodules. The incorporation of CTCs into the diagnostic protocol can significantly augment the diagnostic efficacy of LDCT in screening for malignant lung diseases.

The role of autophagy in cholangiocarcinogenesis and its development is intricate. Autophagy has a dual role in cholangiocarcinoma, and understanding the function and mechanism of autophagy in cholangiocarcinoma is pivotal in guiding therapeutic approaches to its treatment in clinical settings. Recent studies have revealed that autophagy is involved in the complex biological behavior of cholangiocarcinoma. In this review, we have summarized the genes and drugs that would promote or inhibit autophagy, leading to change in cellular behaviors of cholangiocarcinoma, including apoptosis, proliferation, invasion and migration, and influence its cellular drug resistance. In addition, we concluded the signaling pathways modulating autophagy in cholangiocarcinoma cells, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR,p38MAPK,AMPK/mTOR,LKB1-AMPK, and AKT/WNK1, and ERK signaling pathways, which subsequently impacting apoptosis, death, migration, invasion, and proliferation. In conclusion, we would like that we can provide ideas for future cholangiocarcinoma treatment by comprehensively summarizing the latest studies on the relationship between autophagy and cholangiocarcinoma, including the factors affecting autophagy and related signaling pathways.

Objective: Recurrent high-grade gliomas are complicated cancers that require additional treatment options. Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) is a safe method for treating recurrent high-grade glioma; however, its use in China has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of an MRgLITT system (SinoVision™) developed in China for treating recurrent high-grade glioma.

Methods: We included a prospective cohort of patients with recurrent high-grade glioma treated with the Chinese MRgLITT system between March 2021 and December 2022. Clinical data, including basic information, complication rates, outcomes, and survival analyses, were collected for patients who had at least 12 months of follow-up.

Results: 32 patients who completed a rountine follow-up period were enrolled. The estimated 1-year overall survival rate was 65.63%, including 56.52% and 88.89% patients with World Health Organization Grades IV and III gliomas, respectively. Baseline Karnofsky Performance Scale score, tumor grade and volume, and post-LITT chemo- and or radiotherapy were positive factors associated with MRgLITT for recurrent high-grade glioma outcomes. The overall complication rate was 9.38%.

Conclusion: The Chinese MRgLITT system is a safe and effective treatment option for recurrent high-grade glioma. As it is a minimally invasive treatment approach that can be tailored to the individual's anatomy and physiology, MRg LITT may offer a viable alternative for patients who are not suitable candidates for conventional surgical resection.

Effective biomarkers are necessary for early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring of colorectal cancer (CRC), a disease that continues to be a major worldwide health problem. Due to a potential connection to colorectal cancer, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), an important enzyme in metabolism of glutathione and cellular stress response, has drawn attention. GGT is an essential component of the antioxidant system that protects against oxidative stress. It is mostly found in organs such as the liver, kidneys, and biliary tract. Numerous health problems, such as metabolic disorders, liver illnesses, and several types of cancer, are linked to elevated blood GGT levels. This review aims to clarify the function of serum GGT in colorectal cancer by examining clinical research conducted over the past 20 years. A comprehensive analysis of pertinent literature identifies associations between high blood GGT levels and carcinoma of the colon risk, prognosis, and diagnostic potential. Increased GGT and a higher risk of colorectal cancer are positively correlated, according to epidemiological data consistently. The predictive capacity of GGT for colorectal adenomas underscores its use in early identification and preventive approaches. Additional clinical evidence indicates that higher GGT levels in CRC patients are associated with poorer outcomes, such as invasion of lymph nodes, advanced tumour stages, and decreased overall survival. Furthermore, changes in GGT levels after therapy offer information about patient survival and treatment effectiveness, highlighting its importance in therapy monitoring. In summary, this review underscores the multifaceted role of serum GGT in CRC, offering insights into its value as a biomarker for risk assessment, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring, while emphasizing the need for further research to validate its clinical utility.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the three-dimensional enhanced computed tomography (3D-EnCT) and ultrasound imaging features of recurrent parathyroid carcinoma lesions and develop a prediction model based on these features.

Methods: The clinical data of 34 patients (48 cases) with recurrent parathyroid carcinoma who underwent surgical treatment at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital's Thyroid and Neck Surgery Department between January 2017 and April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 103 suspicious lesions were identified through a combination of preoperative 3D-EnCT and ultrasound examinations. Patients admitted prior to 1 January 2023 were included in the training set, and those admitted after 1 January 2023 were included in the validation set. In the training set, lesions were categorized as positive or negative based on pathological analysis. Statistically significant imaging features were identified via intergroup comparisons. An imaging prediction model was developed based on the 3D-EnCT and ultrasound features, and the predictive performance of the model was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic curves in the validation set.

Results: Arterial- and venous-phase CT values, lesion boundaries, and blood flow signals were associated with pathological positivity. The 3D-EnCT prediction model based on these features achieved areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.9 and 0.714 in the training and validation sets, respectively, whereas the ultrasound prediction model achieved AUCs of 0.601 and 0.621, respectively. The 3D-EnCT model demonstrated superior predictive performance.

Conclusion: The 3D-EnCT prediction model demonstrated superior predictive performance for recurrent parathyroid carcinoma lesions.

Purpose: This study aims to develop chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells specifically targeting B7-H3-expressing renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to evaluate the feasibility of B7-H3 CAR-T therapy for RCC.

Methods: We analyzed B7-H3 expression in RCC using bioinformatics approaches and confirmed it in tissues and cell lines through immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. A lentiviral vector containing a B7-H3 specific CAR was constructed and transfected into human T cells, with CAR expression verified by flow cytometry. Cytotoxic efficacy was evaluated in co-culture experiments, measuring the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), granzyme B, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Xenograft models in nude mice were used to evaluate tumor growth inhibition by B7-H3 CAR-T cells.

Results: B7-H3 was significantly expressed in RCC and associated with poor prognosis. Elevated levels of B7-H3 expression were validated in both RCC tissues and cell lines. A B7-H3-specific CAR-T cell was developed, achieving a CAR transduction efficiency of 39.85%, as assessed by flow cytometry. In vitro co-culture assays demonstrated that the CAR-T cells exhibited substantial cytotoxic activity against RCC cell lines, with this activity positively correlating with the effector-to-target ratio. Furthermore, the secretion levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, granzyme B, and LDH were significantly increased compared to the control groups. In vivo experiments further confirmed that B7-H3 CAR-T cells significantly inhibited tumor growth.

Conclusion: The current study suggests that B7-H3 CAR-T cells exhibit significant efficacy in targeting and eliminating RCC cells, indicating a promising cellular immunotherapy approach for RCC treatment.