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Revision of the Legend of Master Manole in Romanian Feminist Discourse after 1989 1989 年后罗马尼亚女权主义话语中对马诺勒大师传说的修订
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.4467/20843917rc.23.025.18519
Olga Bartosiewicz-Nikolaev
The paper focuses on the ideological shift after 1989 that determined the nature of the debates over the role of Ana, the female character of the Legend of Master Manole, and her sacrifice. Until 1989, her perspective was widely ignored because the canonical interpretation of the ballad emphasized the male perspective of Manole and his sacrifice for the act of creation. After 1989, the feminist discourse argued that the symbolic structures perpetuated by this myth were reinforced in Romania by the communist regime. The main aim of the article is thus to present how the newly formed feminist critique employed one of the canonical Romanian texts to show the functioning of the model of a self-sacrificing woman in the social imaginary.
本文重点探讨 1989 年后意识形态的转变,这种转变决定了对《马诺尔大师的传说》中女性角色安娜及其牺牲的辩论的性质。1989 年之前,她的视角被广泛忽视,因为对民谣的经典诠释强调的是马诺勒的男性视角及其为创造行为所做出的牺牲。1989 年后,女权主义论述认为,共产主义政权在罗马尼亚强化了这一神话所延续的象征结构。因此,本文的主要目的是介绍新形成的女权主义批判如何利用罗马尼亚的经典文本之一来展示自我牺牲的妇女模式在社会想象中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Une figure oubliée de la promotion de la culture roumaine en France : Marcel Montandon et les « Lettres roumaines » dans le Mercure de France (1905–1914) 在法国推广罗马尼亚文化过程中被遗忘的人物:马塞尔-蒙当东与《法兰西商报》上的 "罗马尼亚书信"(1905-1914 年)
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.4467/20843917rc.23.017.18511
Cécile Folschweiller
A Forgotten Figure in the Promotion of Romanian Culture in France: Marcel Montandon and His “Lettres roumaines” in Mercure de France (1905–1914) From 1896 to 1940, the “Lettres étrangères” section of the Mercure de France magazine presented foreign literatures and cultures in the form of more or less regular columns aimed at a cultivated Frenchspeaking readership. Romania made its debut in 1905 under the pen of Marcel Montandon, a Swiss art critic and columnist born in Bucharest and living in Munich, who delivered 38 in-depth and regular articles until 1914. The presentation of this little-known corpus and its author provides an insight into the wealth of Romanian cultural production during this period, the arguments of the time and the choices and opinions of the author, standing as a cultural mediator between two intellectual worlds.
在法国推广罗马尼亚文化过程中被遗忘的人物:马塞尔-蒙当东和他在《法兰西商报》上发表的 "罗马尼亚文学"(1905-1914 年 1896 年至 1940 年,《法兰西商报》杂志的 "外国文学 "栏目或多或少以定期专栏的形式介绍外国文学和文化,读者群主要是受过良好教育的法语读者。罗马尼亚于 1905 年在马塞尔-蒙当东(Marcel Montandon)的笔下首次亮相,蒙当东是一位瑞士艺术评论家和专栏作家,出生于布加勒斯特,现居慕尼黑。通过介绍这本鲜为人知的文集及其作者,我们可以深入了解这一时期罗马尼亚丰富的文化产品、当时的争论以及作者的选择和观点,他是两个知识界之间的文化调解人。
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引用次数: 0
Terminologia religioasă românească și diviziunile confesionale – versiunea ortodoxă și cea greco-catolică a Dumnezeieștii Liturghii 罗马尼亚宗教术语和教派划分 - 东正教和希腊天主教的神圣礼仪版本
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.4467/20843917rc.23.027.18521
Tomasz Klimkowski
Religious Terminology in Romanian and Confessional Divisions – the Orthodox and Greek Catholic Versions of the Divine Liturgy The articles presents some differences regarding the terminology used by the Romanian Orthodox Church, on the one hand, and the Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic, on the other. The analysis is based on the text of the Divine Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom. The differences concern not only strictly religious terms, but also neutral words. This seems to be the result of a deliberate linguistic policy of the Greek Catholic Church, which often uses different terms than the Romanian Orthodox Church. The Orthodox terms in question were borrowed from Slavonic or Greek, while the Greek Catholic terms are Romanian words inherited from Latin or recent loanwords from Latin and modern Romance languages.
罗马尼亚宗教术语与忏悔--神圣礼仪的东正教与希腊天主教版本 这篇文章介绍了罗马尼亚东正教与罗马尼亚与罗马联合教会(希腊天主教)在术语使用上的一些差异。分析以圣约翰-克里索斯托姆的神圣礼仪文本为基础。差异不仅涉及严格的宗教术语,也涉及中性词。这似乎是希腊天主教会故意采取的语言政策的结果,该教会经常使用与罗马尼亚东正教会不同的术语。东正教的术语是从斯拉夫语或希腊语中借用的,而希腊天主教的术语则是继承自拉丁语的罗马尼亚语词汇,或者是最近从拉丁语和现代罗曼语中借用的词汇。
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引用次数: 0
Petru Popescu’s English-Language Work 彼得鲁-波佩斯库的英文作品
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.4467/20843917rc.23.022.18516
Jarmila Horáková
The writer Petru Popescu (born 1944) entered Romanian literature in the late 1960s and almost immediately gained the interest of critics and readers. His novels were innovative not only in terms of bold themes but also of narrative strategies. This article focuses on Petru Popescu’s work written in exile in English, i.e., from the late 1970s until 2009. His texts vary significantly, as Popescu tried his hand at several literary genres, from popular novels (Before and after Edith, In Hot Blood), travelogues (Amazon Beaming), adventure novels (Almost Adam), and adolescents’ literature (Footprints in Time) to his memoir (The Return) and the more stylized memoir about his parents-in-law (The Oasis: A memoir of Love and Survival in a Concentration Camp).
作家佩特鲁-波佩斯库(生于 1944 年)于 20 世纪 60 年代末进入罗马尼亚文学界,几乎立刻引起了评论家和读者的兴趣。他的小说不仅在主题上大胆创新,而且在叙事策略上也有创新。本文重点介绍彼得鲁-波佩斯库在流亡期间(即 20 世纪 70 年代末至 2009 年)用英语创作的作品。由于波佩斯库尝试了多种文学体裁,从通俗小说(《伊迪丝前后》、《热血》)、游记(《亚马逊之光》)、探险小说(《几乎是亚当》)、青少年文学(《时间的脚印》)到他的回忆录(《回归》)以及关于其岳父母的风格化回忆录(《绿洲:集中营中的爱与生存回忆录》),他的作品差异很大。
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引用次数: 0
La Beauté CONVULSIVE et les convulsions du roman surréaliste. Nadja (1928, A. Breton) et Zenobia (1985, G. Naum) 美与超现实主义小说的震撼。娜佳》(1928 年,A. 布勒东)和《泽诺比亚》(1985 年,G. 纳姆)
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.4467/20843917rc.23.020.18514
Florin Oprescu
The CONVULSIVE Beauty and the Convulsions of the Surrealist Novel. Nadja (1928, A. Breton) and Zenobia (1985, G. Naum) The article examines some of the communicating vessels (« vases communicants ») between André Breton’s theoretical surrealism and Gellu Naum’s neo-surrealism praxis. The focus of the analysis is also on the intersection points among the two novels, Nadja (1928) and Zenobia (1985), defining moments of beginning and of the last surrealism. The aim is to determine the synthetic (theoretical and practical) manifesto of Breton’s novel, Nadja, and the pure poetic act of the last European surrealist novel, Zenobia. Although the correspondences seemed clarified by Romanian literary criticism, the present article offers a new, in-depth and contrastive perspective on the « convulsive beauty », from theory to practice.
超现实主义小说中的 "震荡之美 "与 "震荡"。Nadja (1928, A. Breton) and Zenobia (1985, G. Naum) 这篇文章探讨了安德烈-布勒东(André Breton)的超现实主义理论与盖鲁-瑙姆(Gellu Naum)的新超现实主义实践之间的一些交流容器("交流花瓶")。分析的重点还在于两部小说《娜佳》(1928 年)和《泽诺比亚》(1985 年)之间的交汇点,这两部小说是超现实主义的开端和终结。目的是确定布勒东小说《娜佳》的综合(理论和实践)宣言和欧洲最后一部超现实主义小说《泽诺比亚》的纯诗歌行为。尽管罗马尼亚文学批评似乎已经澄清了这些对应关系,但本文从理论到实践为 "震撼之美 "提供了一个新的、深入的对比视角。
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引用次数: 0
Biografie și ficțiune. Contradicțiile lui Panait Istrati – capcane pentru exegeți 传记与小说帕奈特-伊斯特拉蒂的矛盾--训诂学家的陷阱
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.4467/20843917rc.23.018.18512
Gabriela Gavril
Biography and Fiction. The Contradictions of Panait Istrati – Traps for Exegetes The proposed text is an excerpt from a larger study devoted to the writings of Panait Istrati. It aims to highlight the importance of literary history for a more accurate understanding of the reception of Panait Istrati in Romania, especially in the interwar period, taking a critical distance from the thesis of the author’s “marginalization” in Romanian and French literature. By researching Istrati’s articles from several decades and his correspondence with Romain Rolland, the study describes the contradictions of the author, the process of fictionalization of his biography, the invention of “roles” and the construction of a “personal myth”.
传记与小说。帕奈特-伊斯特拉蒂的矛盾之处--注释者的陷阱》(The Contradictions of Panait Istrati - Traps for Exegetes) 这篇论文是专门研究帕奈特-伊斯特拉蒂著作的大型研究报告的节选。该文旨在强调文学史对于更准确地理解罗马尼亚,尤其是战时罗马尼亚对帕奈特-伊斯特拉蒂的接受情况的重要性,与关于作者在罗马尼亚和法国文学中被 "边缘化 "的论点保持一定距离。通过研究伊斯特拉蒂几十年来的文章以及他与罗曼-罗兰的通信,该研究描述了作者的矛盾之处、其传记的虚构过程、"角色 "的发明以及 "个人神话 "的构建。
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引用次数: 0
Strategia autoreferențialității în poezia lui Dumitru Crudu 杜米特鲁-克鲁杜诗歌中的自我指涉策略
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.4467/20843917rc.23.023.18517
Ana-Maria Pușcașu
The Strategy of Self-referentiality in Dumitru Crudu’s Poetry Surfacing Dumitru Crudu’s poetry from his first books, published before the emergence of the new fracturist movement in Romanian literature, the strategy of self-referentiality will gradually become the author’s trademark. This strategy has a double functionality, representing both a renunciation of the postmodern poetical discourses of the 80s and an embodiment of the desideratum of poetic individuation. Throughout self-referentiality, Dumitru Crudu repositions the world towards the poetic self by fragmenting it into a spectrum of personal reactions.
杜米特鲁-克鲁杜诗歌中的自我指涉策略 从杜米特鲁-克鲁杜在罗马尼亚文学新分裂主义运动兴起之前出版的第一批诗集开始,自我指涉策略逐渐成为作者的标志。这种策略具有双重功能,既是对 80 年代后现代诗歌话语的扬弃,也是对诗歌个性化要求的体现。通过自我指涉,杜米特鲁-克鲁杜将世界分割成一系列个人反应,从而将世界重新定位为诗意的自我。
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引用次数: 0
Aglutinarea articolului hotărât în carpatismele poloneze de origine română 源于罗马尼亚的波兰语中定冠词的凝集
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.4467/20843917rc.23.026.18520
Anna Oczko
Lexicalization of Definite Article in Polish Carpathian Vocabulary of Romanian Origin The conditions under which the borrowing and diffusion of Carpathian vocabulary of Romanian origin in the mountain dialects of Lesser Poland and the Sub-Carpathian region, as well as the morphological properties of Romanian nouns, seem to favor the phenomenon of agglutination (integration) of a definite article in loanwords. The study of lexemes (common nouns and toponyms) considered by some linguists to be of Romanian origin has led to the conclusion that the agglutination of the Romanian definite article is a sporadic phenomenon in the case of toponyms present in the Polish part of the Western Carpathians (region of Polish dialects). As for the common nouns, none continue the Romanian articulated form, and the endings that can be confused with the masculine definite article are Polish suffixes of Slavic origin.
源于罗马尼亚语的波兰喀尔巴阡山词汇中定语的词法化 源于罗马尼亚语的喀尔巴阡山词汇在小波兰和次喀尔巴阡山地区山区方言中的借用和传播条件,以及罗马尼亚语名词的形态特性,似乎有利于在借词中出现定语的凝集(整合)现象。通过对一些语言学家认为源于罗马尼亚语的词目(普通名词和地名)进行研究,得出的结论是,在西喀尔巴阡山脉波兰语区(波兰方言区)的地名中,罗马尼亚语定语的凝集是一种零星现象。至于普通名词,没有一个延续了罗马尼亚语的衔接形式,可能与阳性定冠词混淆的词尾都是源于斯拉夫语的波兰语后缀。
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引用次数: 0
„Generația războiului” – poezia traumei, trauma poeziei "战争年代"--创伤的诗歌,诗歌的创伤
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.4467/20843917rc.23.021.18515
Corina Croitoru
“The War Generation” – the Poetry of Trauma, the Trauma of Poetry The article discusses the poetry of the Romanian War Generation, proposing to reread the ‘transitive’ poetry of ‘Albatross’ group (Geo Dumitrescu, Dimitrie Stelaru, Ion Caraion et al.), in order to show how this literature develops the traumatic experience of the Second World War. The analysis focuses on the stylistic consequences of thematising the war, given the obvious distortion of poetic language in accordance with the deformed world it tries to codify. Therefore the approach is less interested in the capacity of poetry to represent, on aesthetic criteria, a resistance knot against terror, and more interested in poetry’s capacity of reinventing itself on ethic bases, as an insurgent response to the violence of History.
战争一代"--创伤的诗歌,诗歌的创伤 文章讨论了罗马尼亚战争一代的诗歌,建议重读 "信天翁 "群体(Geo Dumitrescu、Dimitrie Stelaru、Ion Caraion 等人)的 "转义 "诗歌,以展示这些文学作品如何发展第二次世界大战的创伤体验。分析的重点是将战争主题化的文体后果,因为诗歌语言根据其试图编纂的畸形世界进行了明显的扭曲。因此,这种方法不太关注诗歌在美学标准上表现对恐怖的抵抗结的能力,而更关注诗歌在伦理基础上重塑自身的能力,作为对历史暴力的反抗。
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引用次数: 0
Între un topos folcloric şi un mit cultural. Câteva glose pe marginea baladei „Meşterul Manole” 介于民间故事和文化神话之间。关于民谣 "Meșterul Manole "的几个笑话
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.4467/20843917rc.23.024.18518
Kazimierz Jurczak
Between a Folkloric Topos and a Cultural Myth. A Few Glosses on the Ballad “Master Manole” The folkloric topos of the walled-up woman, present in several variants in South-Eastern Europe, has a special status in the Romanian culture. The “Legend of Master Manole” from which it originates, along with “Miorița”, has become a canonical literary text. Considered by G. Călinescu as a “cultural myth”, one of the four essential Romanian myths, in the interwar and communist period, it was intensively exploited ideologically and politically. Interpreted by writers, either as a sample of Romanian creative genius, or as an example of dedication to the work of building the new world, the topos has long overgrown its initial condition as a simple motif of popular culture.
介于民间故事与文化神话之间。关于民谣 "Manole 大师 "的几点评论 围墙女人的民间故事在东南欧有多种变体,在罗马尼亚文化中具有特殊地位。马诺勒老爷的传说 "与 "Miorița "一样,都已成为罗马尼亚的经典文学作品。在战时和共产主义时期,它被 G. Călinescu 视为 "文化神话",是罗马尼亚四大基本神话之一,在意识形态和政治上被广泛利用。作家们或将其解读为罗马尼亚天才创作的样本,或将其解读为建设新世界的献身精神的典范。
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引用次数: 0
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