Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) computing is considered as the promising new computing paradigm due to its excellent parallelism and programmability. DNA logic circuits are important computational units for performing digital algorithms in DNA computing systems. Although, DNA logic circuits have been rapidly developed in the past decades, it is still challenging to construct complex DNA logic circuits using simple DNA molecular structures. Here, we developed the simple and efficient AND logic blocks using DNA strand displacement reaction to construct a DNA full adder circuit. First, we performed the XOR logic operation using two AND logic blocks. Second, we used three parallel AND logic blocks to construct a half adder, showing that the used AND logic blocks can react in orthogonal parallel. Finally, we cascaded multiple AND logic blocks to realize a DNA full adder circuit, further showing that the used AND logic blocks can participate in cascading for the construction of complex logic circuits. We tested all input combinations using Visual DSD software. The results of the simulation experiments showed that all input combinations gave the correct results. The strategy of constructing complex DNA logic circuits using simple and efficient molecular structures provides the potential for scalable DNA logic systems.
{"title":"Constructing DNA Full Adder Circuit Based on the Simple and Efficient AND Logic Blocks","authors":"Zhen Tang;Chunlin Chen;Shiyin Li;Jing Yang;Zhaohua Zhou;Zhixiang Yin","doi":"10.23919/cje.2024.00.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2024.00.234","url":null,"abstract":"Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) computing is considered as the promising new computing paradigm due to its excellent parallelism and programmability. DNA logic circuits are important computational units for performing digital algorithms in DNA computing systems. Although, DNA logic circuits have been rapidly developed in the past decades, it is still challenging to construct complex DNA logic circuits using simple DNA molecular structures. Here, we developed the simple and efficient AND logic blocks using DNA strand displacement reaction to construct a DNA full adder circuit. First, we performed the XOR logic operation using two AND logic blocks. Second, we used three parallel AND logic blocks to construct a half adder, showing that the used AND logic blocks can react in orthogonal parallel. Finally, we cascaded multiple AND logic blocks to realize a DNA full adder circuit, further showing that the used AND logic blocks can participate in cascading for the construction of complex logic circuits. We tested all input combinations using Visual DSD software. The results of the simulation experiments showed that all input combinations gave the correct results. The strategy of constructing complex DNA logic circuits using simple and efficient molecular structures provides the potential for scalable DNA logic systems.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 4","pages":"1044-1051"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11151248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.23919/cje.2023.00.403
Jie Yang;Miao Ma;Yutong Li;Zhao Pei
In low-light scenes, videos often exhibit low brightness, leading to less evident details in regional features. The current video question answering models have made significant progress in the fusion and reasoning of cross-modal information. However, they perform poorly in effectively extracting useful information and salient features in low-light scenes. To tackle this challenge, we propose a video question answering method in low-light scenes, in which two modules are developed: illumination correction module and feature enhancement module. The illumination correction module enhances visual quality by applying adaptive enhancement to the video with a variational threshold, thereby extracting more feature information. The feature enhancement module further enriches and strengthens important information in the features by introducing a dynamic learning strategy to enhance spatial features by two branches, providing reasonable evidence for inferring the correct answer. Finally, the enhanced visual features are fused with question features to infer and generate proper answers. We perform extensive experiments on public datasets. The experimental results manifest the advantages and effectiveness compared with state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy in video question answering task.
{"title":"VQALS: A Video Question Answering Method in Low-Light Scenes Based on Illumination Correction and Feature Enhancement","authors":"Jie Yang;Miao Ma;Yutong Li;Zhao Pei","doi":"10.23919/cje.2023.00.403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2023.00.403","url":null,"abstract":"In low-light scenes, videos often exhibit low brightness, leading to less evident details in regional features. The current video question answering models have made significant progress in the fusion and reasoning of cross-modal information. However, they perform poorly in effectively extracting useful information and salient features in low-light scenes. To tackle this challenge, we propose a video question answering method in low-light scenes, in which two modules are developed: illumination correction module and feature enhancement module. The illumination correction module enhances visual quality by applying adaptive enhancement to the video with a variational threshold, thereby extracting more feature information. The feature enhancement module further enriches and strengthens important information in the features by introducing a dynamic learning strategy to enhance spatial features by two branches, providing reasonable evidence for inferring the correct answer. Finally, the enhanced visual features are fused with question features to infer and generate proper answers. We perform extensive experiments on public datasets. The experimental results manifest the advantages and effectiveness compared with state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy in video question answering task.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 4","pages":"1300-1308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11151179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.23919/cje.2024.00.265
Zijie Shang;Lin Gao;Huaguo Zhang;Wanchun Li
This paper considers the problem of estimating a nonlinearly evolutive target state based on fully distributed nonlinear wireless sensor networks. Such a problem can be naturally solved by the distributed particle filter which, however, suffers from performance degradation when model parameters are not precisely known. In this paper, the variational Bayesian inference is exploited for joint target state and model parameters estimation, results in the distributed variational particle filter. The event-triggered strategy is also proposed to substantially reduce the communication burden among sensor nodes and, at the same time, keeps the estimation performance. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of proposed method.
{"title":"Event-Triggered Distributed Variational Particle Filter over Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Zijie Shang;Lin Gao;Huaguo Zhang;Wanchun Li","doi":"10.23919/cje.2024.00.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2024.00.265","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the problem of estimating a nonlinearly evolutive target state based on fully distributed nonlinear wireless sensor networks. Such a problem can be naturally solved by the distributed particle filter which, however, suffers from performance degradation when model parameters are not precisely known. In this paper, the variational Bayesian inference is exploited for joint target state and model parameters estimation, results in the distributed variational particle filter. The event-triggered strategy is also proposed to substantially reduce the communication burden among sensor nodes and, at the same time, keeps the estimation performance. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of proposed method.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 4","pages":"1209-1215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11151186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.23919/cje.2024.00.244
Liangdong Chen;Zhitao Huang;Liting Sun;Mengyao Li
Addressing the issues of existing passive location methods for fixed single observation station, such as excessively long baselines and poor noise resistance, this paper proposes a direct position determination (DPD) method based on short-distance dual array. Initially, a kind of dual-array antenna configuration is devised, and a passive location model based on the mixed signal of dual array is established. Subsequently, utilizing known waveform parameters, the redundant phase term which affects location accuracy is eliminated. On this basis, the DPD cost function is presented. Ultimately, the radiation source is located by using the two-dimensional multiple signal classification algorithm. In the analytical section, the fuzzy area, unlocatable area, locatable area, and the Cramer-Rao lower bound are derived theoretically. Following a quantitative analysis, the impact of baseline length, signal-to-noise ratio, and other parameters on location accuracy is elucidated. Then, geometric dilution of precision curves under various conditions are drawn. Compared with the existing methods, simulation results indicate that, if the element position error can be effectively controlled or compensated, the proposed method offers superior location performance under conditions of shorter baseline and lower signal-to-noise ratio.
{"title":"DPD Method for Fixed Single Observation Station Based on Short-Distance Dual Array","authors":"Liangdong Chen;Zhitao Huang;Liting Sun;Mengyao Li","doi":"10.23919/cje.2024.00.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2024.00.244","url":null,"abstract":"Addressing the issues of existing passive location methods for fixed single observation station, such as excessively long baselines and poor noise resistance, this paper proposes a direct position determination (DPD) method based on short-distance dual array. Initially, a kind of dual-array antenna configuration is devised, and a passive location model based on the mixed signal of dual array is established. Subsequently, utilizing known waveform parameters, the redundant phase term which affects location accuracy is eliminated. On this basis, the DPD cost function is presented. Ultimately, the radiation source is located by using the two-dimensional multiple signal classification algorithm. In the analytical section, the fuzzy area, unlocatable area, locatable area, and the Cramer-Rao lower bound are derived theoretically. Following a quantitative analysis, the impact of baseline length, signal-to-noise ratio, and other parameters on location accuracy is elucidated. Then, geometric dilution of precision curves under various conditions are drawn. Compared with the existing methods, simulation results indicate that, if the element position error can be effectively controlled or compensated, the proposed method offers superior location performance under conditions of shorter baseline and lower signal-to-noise ratio.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 4","pages":"1216-1225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11151175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.23919/cje.2024.00.287
Ding Wang;Jin Ren;Haiming Huang;Junfei Qiao
Considering the heavy reliance of traditional adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithms on gradient information and the lack of theoretical guarantees associated with particle swarm optimization (PSO), we develop an evolution-explored ADP algorithm based on PSO to realize optimal regulation for discrete-time nonlinear systems. This algorithm combines the value iteration method in ADP with PSO for policy improvement to seek out the optimal control policy, which enhances the algorithm applicability while ensuring the control performance of the system. Compared with the method using only PSO, it can speed up the search of particles for the optimal value and reduce iteration errors. Finally, the advantages and control effects of the proposed algorithm are verified through comparative experimental simulations on power systems.
{"title":"Particle Swarm Optimization for Adaptive-Critic Feedback Control with Power System Applications","authors":"Ding Wang;Jin Ren;Haiming Huang;Junfei Qiao","doi":"10.23919/cje.2024.00.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2024.00.287","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the heavy reliance of traditional adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithms on gradient information and the lack of theoretical guarantees associated with particle swarm optimization (PSO), we develop an evolution-explored ADP algorithm based on PSO to realize optimal regulation for discrete-time nonlinear systems. This algorithm combines the value iteration method in ADP with PSO for policy improvement to seek out the optimal control policy, which enhances the algorithm applicability while ensuring the control performance of the system. Compared with the method using only PSO, it can speed up the search of particles for the optimal value and reduce iteration errors. Finally, the advantages and control effects of the proposed algorithm are verified through comparative experimental simulations on power systems.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 4","pages":"1265-1274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11151188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.23919/cje.2024.00.015
Liang Xu;Xianbin Cao;Wenbo Du;Yumeng Li
With the widespread application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the issue of path planning has become increasingly significant in search of suitable paths for UAVs. However, positioning errors may exist in the system carried by the UAV in practical situations, leading to the suboptimal or even unsafe path execution. In view of this, we construct the multi-UAV robust path planning model under position uncertainty by incorporating several important considerations. This can be expressed as a complicated robust optimization problem, aiming to obtain a robust optimal path for each UAV in the presence of positioning errors. Based on this, we introduce the corresponding overall cost function and its expected expression for robust evaluation. Then, we propose a novel robust particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which employs the scale-free topology to characterize the individual interactions in the swarm. And an improved explicit sampling technique is developed by introducing a sampling coefficient, where the number of samples increases proportional to the degree value for a particle in PSO, allowing effective robustness evaluation for each solution. The proposed algorithm shows great advantages on benchmark functions, compared with some other robust PSO algorithms. Further, we present the specific implementation of the multi-UAV robust path planning method based on the proposed algorithm. Finally, simulation experiments on various path planning scenarios and comparison results indicate the superiority of the developed method, which can plan a robust and effective path for each UAV.
{"title":"Robust Path Planning for Multiple UAVs Considering Position Uncertainty","authors":"Liang Xu;Xianbin Cao;Wenbo Du;Yumeng Li","doi":"10.23919/cje.2024.00.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2024.00.015","url":null,"abstract":"With the widespread application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the issue of path planning has become increasingly significant in search of suitable paths for UAVs. However, positioning errors may exist in the system carried by the UAV in practical situations, leading to the suboptimal or even unsafe path execution. In view of this, we construct the multi-UAV robust path planning model under position uncertainty by incorporating several important considerations. This can be expressed as a complicated robust optimization problem, aiming to obtain a robust optimal path for each UAV in the presence of positioning errors. Based on this, we introduce the corresponding overall cost function and its expected expression for robust evaluation. Then, we propose a novel robust particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which employs the scale-free topology to characterize the individual interactions in the swarm. And an improved explicit sampling technique is developed by introducing a sampling coefficient, where the number of samples increases proportional to the degree value for a particle in PSO, allowing effective robustness evaluation for each solution. The proposed algorithm shows great advantages on benchmark functions, compared with some other robust PSO algorithms. Further, we present the specific implementation of the multi-UAV robust path planning method based on the proposed algorithm. Finally, simulation experiments on various path planning scenarios and comparison results indicate the superiority of the developed method, which can plan a robust and effective path for each UAV.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 4","pages":"1120-1135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11151182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wireless body area networks (WBANs) have attracted significant attention as a key enabling technology within Internet of things, facilitating the realization of inhome health-care monitoring systems. However, due to the characteristics of limited energy resource and computing capability, it is difficult for WBANs to execute all computation tasks timely and effectively at home. In this paper, we devote to developing a human mobility-driven computational data offloading and resource allocation scheme based on mobile cloud computing and mobile edge computing (MEC) for WBANs. Technically, we consider a typical three-tier system architecture comprising one remote cloud server, multiple mobile edge servers (MESs), and various WBAN users. Subsequently, an optimization problem is formulated with the objective of minimizing the total cost in terms of data processing time and energy consumption. To investigate the impact of human mobility, the transmission time between the WBANs and MESs is first solved by a bisection method. After that, we investigate a joint data offloading and resource allocation algorithm based on differential evolution and Lagrange multiplier algorithm, called DE-LM, to minimize the data processing time, reduce the energy consumption of WBANs, and balance the workload of MESs. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our proposed DE-LM scheme achieves superior performance in terms of the total cost and load balancing.
{"title":"Human Mobility-Driven Offloading and Resource Allocation in MEC-Enabled WBANs","authors":"Rongrong Zhang;Chen Zhou;Yong Guan;Guangfei Chen;Haoquan Zhou","doi":"10.23919/cje.2024.00.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2024.00.302","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless body area networks (WBANs) have attracted significant attention as a key enabling technology within Internet of things, facilitating the realization of inhome health-care monitoring systems. However, due to the characteristics of limited energy resource and computing capability, it is difficult for WBANs to execute all computation tasks timely and effectively at home. In this paper, we devote to developing a human mobility-driven computational data offloading and resource allocation scheme based on mobile cloud computing and mobile edge computing (MEC) for WBANs. Technically, we consider a typical three-tier system architecture comprising one remote cloud server, multiple mobile edge servers (MESs), and various WBAN users. Subsequently, an optimization problem is formulated with the objective of minimizing the total cost in terms of data processing time and energy consumption. To investigate the impact of human mobility, the transmission time between the WBANs and MESs is first solved by a bisection method. After that, we investigate a joint data offloading and resource allocation algorithm based on differential evolution and Lagrange multiplier algorithm, called DE-LM, to minimize the data processing time, reduce the energy consumption of WBANs, and balance the workload of MESs. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our proposed DE-LM scheme achieves superior performance in terms of the total cost and load balancing.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 4","pages":"1331-1343"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11151223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.23919/cje.2024.00.146
Leiyang Xu;Xiaolong Zheng;Liang Liu
In industry, various machinery involves spinning components, and monitoring their rotation speed is important for predicting the operation state. There are many approaches for rotation speed estimation, each with its own limitations, e.g., traditional contact methods, requiring specialized equipment, non-contact methods, such as optical methods affected by illumination and occlusion, and acoustic methods, susceptible to environmental noise. Radio frequency signals like wireless fidelity (WiFi) can provide non-intrusive approach for rotation sensing. However, conventional WiFi sensing struggles to capture self-spinning objects when there is no radial motion towards or away from the WiFi transceivers. This paper proposes a rotation speed estimation method based on vortex electromagnetic (EM) waves. By using a q-shaped patch antenna on commodity WiFi, vortex EM waves with spiral phase front can be transmitted in WiFi communication channel. When these vortex EM waves interact with the surface of a self-spinning object, the echos exhibit a frequency shift compared to the original wave. This frequency shift is proportional to the object's rotation speed, and is known as the rotational Doppler effect. This paper first derives the mathematical relationship between WiFi channel state information (CSI) and rotational Doppler frequency shift (RDS), and we design a series of signal processing methods to extract RDS from WiFi CSI, achieving the rotation speed estimation of self-spinning targets. Experimental results show that this method is applicable to a rotation speed range of 0–7000 rpm, with an relative error within 5%.
{"title":"Vortex EM Wave-Based Rotation Speed Monitoring on Commodity WiFi","authors":"Leiyang Xu;Xiaolong Zheng;Liang Liu","doi":"10.23919/cje.2024.00.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2024.00.146","url":null,"abstract":"In industry, various machinery involves spinning components, and monitoring their rotation speed is important for predicting the operation state. There are many approaches for rotation speed estimation, each with its own limitations, e.g., traditional contact methods, requiring specialized equipment, non-contact methods, such as optical methods affected by illumination and occlusion, and acoustic methods, susceptible to environmental noise. Radio frequency signals like wireless fidelity (WiFi) can provide non-intrusive approach for rotation sensing. However, conventional WiFi sensing struggles to capture self-spinning objects when there is no radial motion towards or away from the WiFi transceivers. This paper proposes a rotation speed estimation method based on vortex electromagnetic (EM) waves. By using a q-shaped patch antenna on commodity WiFi, vortex EM waves with spiral phase front can be transmitted in WiFi communication channel. When these vortex EM waves interact with the surface of a self-spinning object, the echos exhibit a frequency shift compared to the original wave. This frequency shift is proportional to the object's rotation speed, and is known as the rotational Doppler effect. This paper first derives the mathematical relationship between WiFi channel state information (CSI) and rotational Doppler frequency shift (RDS), and we design a series of signal processing methods to extract RDS from WiFi CSI, achieving the rotation speed estimation of self-spinning targets. Experimental results show that this method is applicable to a rotation speed range of 0–7000 rpm, with an relative error within 5%.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 4","pages":"1344-1356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11151251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.23919/cje.2024.00.148
Yanhua Peng;Hui Xu;Shuo Cui;Donglin Su
To address problematic circuit transmission characteristics, test terminals are needed. In this study, an innovative method for determining the transmission characteristics of circuits by employing two semirigid coaxial probes with a T-shaped structure for signal injection and detection is developed. Initially, the proposed method can obtain circuit characteristics from 100 kHz to 10 GHz with a separation distance between the probes greater than 28 mm and a separation distance between the microstrip lines at the location of the injected and detected signals greater than 1.6 mm. Subsequently, an equivalent circuit model is proposed and validated through a 10 GHz measurement on a microstrip line, obtaining the root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.14 dB. Furthermore, the methodology is applied to measure the gain of a low-noise amplifier across frequencies from 100 MHz to 10 GHz. The maximum error is less than 1.66 dB, and the RMSE is 0.58 dB. Additionally, the transmission loss of parallel microstrip lines is investigated within the 3 GHz range, yielding the RMSE is 0.8 dB. The proposed approach enables precise testing of circuit transmission characteristics and facilitates the extraction of circuit equivalent parameters.
{"title":"A Novel Method to Acquire Circuit Transmission Characteristics by Noncontact Power Injection and Detection","authors":"Yanhua Peng;Hui Xu;Shuo Cui;Donglin Su","doi":"10.23919/cje.2024.00.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2024.00.148","url":null,"abstract":"To address problematic circuit transmission characteristics, test terminals are needed. In this study, an innovative method for determining the transmission characteristics of circuits by employing two semirigid coaxial probes with a T-shaped structure for signal injection and detection is developed. Initially, the proposed method can obtain circuit characteristics from 100 kHz to 10 GHz with a separation distance between the probes greater than 28 mm and a separation distance between the microstrip lines at the location of the injected and detected signals greater than 1.6 mm. Subsequently, an equivalent circuit model is proposed and validated through a 10 GHz measurement on a microstrip line, obtaining the root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.14 dB. Furthermore, the methodology is applied to measure the gain of a low-noise amplifier across frequencies from 100 MHz to 10 GHz. The maximum error is less than 1.66 dB, and the RMSE is 0.58 dB. Additionally, the transmission loss of parallel microstrip lines is investigated within the 3 GHz range, yielding the RMSE is 0.8 dB. The proposed approach enables precise testing of circuit transmission characteristics and facilitates the extraction of circuit equivalent parameters.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 4","pages":"1078-1090"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11151233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.23919/cje.2024.00.131
Xinpeng Xing;Jing Xue;Gaofeng Luan;Haigang Feng
This paper presents a high-precision Delta-Sigma Modulator (DSM) for audio applications. The modulator is implemented by cascade of integrators with feedback with 3rd-order noise shaping and 4-bit quantization, guaranteeing the modulator stability, limiting the oversampling ratio to 64, and greatly relaxing the integrator amplifier design. First-order data-weighted averaging technique is included to suppress harmonic distortion introduced by cell mismatch of multi-bit capacitive digital-to-analog converter. Fabricated in a 0.18 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process, the DSM test chip achieves a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 98.6 dB, a signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio of 91.5 dB for 25 kHz bandwidth (BW). The modulator consumes 12.38 mW power from 3.3 V supplies, corresponding to a competitive figure-of-merit of 154.6 dB.
{"title":"A 25 kHz-BW 98.6 dB-SNR Multi-Bit Delta-Sigma Modulator with Data-Weighted Averaging","authors":"Xinpeng Xing;Jing Xue;Gaofeng Luan;Haigang Feng","doi":"10.23919/cje.2024.00.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2024.00.131","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a high-precision Delta-Sigma Modulator (DSM) for audio applications. The modulator is implemented by cascade of integrators with feedback with 3rd-order noise shaping and 4-bit quantization, guaranteeing the modulator stability, limiting the oversampling ratio to 64, and greatly relaxing the integrator amplifier design. First-order data-weighted averaging technique is included to suppress harmonic distortion introduced by cell mismatch of multi-bit capacitive digital-to-analog converter. Fabricated in a 0.18 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process, the DSM test chip achieves a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 98.6 dB, a signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio of 91.5 dB for 25 kHz bandwidth (BW). The modulator consumes 12.38 mW power from 3.3 V supplies, corresponding to a competitive figure-of-merit of 154.6 dB.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 4","pages":"1037-1043"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11151249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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