Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.23919/cje.2023.00.378
Han Li;Chenxi Xu;Zhuofeng Zhao;Mengyuan Liu
In light of the rapid advancement of technologies related to the Internet of things (IoT), IoT service platforms have become one of the main solutions for providing intelligent and efficient services in the industrial sector. Scheduling is an effective means to match resources and guarantee quality of service. However, existing service scheduling models and methods have not fully considered the special needs of new IoT platforms. Therefore, this article summarizes the special requirements of the new IoT platform, including the heterogeneity of IoT service platform resources, complexity and diversity of tasks, as well as considering the demand for low energy consumption and low latency. Constructed a multi-granularity task scheduling model for cloud-edge collaborative environments, which takes the special needs mentioned above into account. Combined with priority experience replay and importance sampling, a task scheduling algorithm priority replay with importance-based method in Actor Critic (PRIME-AC) based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed. The experimental results show that PRIME-AC has better performance in both task execution delay and load balancing than other baselines.
{"title":"A Multi-Granularity Task Scheduling Method for Heterogeneous Computing Resources","authors":"Han Li;Chenxi Xu;Zhuofeng Zhao;Mengyuan Liu","doi":"10.23919/cje.2023.00.378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2023.00.378","url":null,"abstract":"In light of the rapid advancement of technologies related to the Internet of things (IoT), IoT service platforms have become one of the main solutions for providing intelligent and efficient services in the industrial sector. Scheduling is an effective means to match resources and guarantee quality of service. However, existing service scheduling models and methods have not fully considered the special needs of new IoT platforms. Therefore, this article summarizes the special requirements of the new IoT platform, including the heterogeneity of IoT service platform resources, complexity and diversity of tasks, as well as considering the demand for low energy consumption and low latency. Constructed a multi-granularity task scheduling model for cloud-edge collaborative environments, which takes the special needs mentioned above into account. Combined with priority experience replay and importance sampling, a task scheduling algorithm priority replay with importance-based method in Actor Critic (PRIME-AC) based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed. The experimental results show that PRIME-AC has better performance in both task execution delay and load balancing than other baselines.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 2","pages":"630-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10982077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The vehicle platoon refers to the dynamic formation of a group of vehicles to drive with a certain spacing between vehicles, which is an important enhanced application scenario of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X). Through the C-V2X technology, the real-time interaction of vehicle motion status information and driving strategy of the vehicle platoon can be realized. In addition, benefit from vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle platoon can reduce the headway and expand the road capacity. However, in the process of vehicle-to-everything communication, packet loss is inevitable, which affect the stable operation of vehicle platoon and make it a challenge to the design of efficient vehicle platoon strategy. In response to the above challenge, this paper proposes an analytical framework that investigates the influence of the packet loss in new radio vehicle-to-everything (NR-V2X) mode 2 on the string stability of the vehicle platoon. Firstly, the packet loss in NR-V2X mode 2 is analyzed, and an analytical model is presented to depict the relationship between the packet delivery probability and the intra-platoon spacing with the aid of stochastic geometry. Then, the influence of packet loss in NR-V2X mode 2 on the string stability of the vehicle platoon is depicted, and the time headway boundary value under the condition of ensuring the string stability is deduced when the number of connected predecessors varies. Theoretical analysis and simulation verification of the proposed model are carried out. Design insights are given for efficient platoon strategy by increasing the number of connected predecessors and improving packet delivery probability to achieve short time headway and thus high road capacity.
{"title":"String Stability of Vehicle Platoon with Packet Loss in NR-V2X","authors":"Ruirui Ning;Siyu Lin;Xi Wang;Xiaokang Zhang;Weiyang Feng;Ning Zhang","doi":"10.23919/cje.2023.00.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2023.00.273","url":null,"abstract":"The vehicle platoon refers to the dynamic formation of a group of vehicles to drive with a certain spacing between vehicles, which is an important enhanced application scenario of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X). Through the C-V2X technology, the real-time interaction of vehicle motion status information and driving strategy of the vehicle platoon can be realized. In addition, benefit from vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle platoon can reduce the headway and expand the road capacity. However, in the process of vehicle-to-everything communication, packet loss is inevitable, which affect the stable operation of vehicle platoon and make it a challenge to the design of efficient vehicle platoon strategy. In response to the above challenge, this paper proposes an analytical framework that investigates the influence of the packet loss in new radio vehicle-to-everything (NR-V2X) mode 2 on the string stability of the vehicle platoon. Firstly, the packet loss in NR-V2X mode 2 is analyzed, and an analytical model is presented to depict the relationship between the packet delivery probability and the intra-platoon spacing with the aid of stochastic geometry. Then, the influence of packet loss in NR-V2X mode 2 on the string stability of the vehicle platoon is depicted, and the time headway boundary value under the condition of ensuring the string stability is deduced when the number of connected predecessors varies. Theoretical analysis and simulation verification of the proposed model are carried out. Design insights are given for efficient platoon strategy by increasing the number of connected predecessors and improving packet delivery probability to achieve short time headway and thus high road capacity.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 2","pages":"683-697"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10982093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lateral light emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated on insulated sapphire substrate usually suffer current crowding effect, which would lead to a serious degeneration of luminescence properties and reliability issues. To relieve the current crowding effect and improve the device performance, n-AlGaN interlayers with gradual changing Al fractions were introduced into the n-GaN layer of the green LEDs. The gradually decreased Al composition in the introduced n-AlGaN interlayer resulted in a barrier in the conduction band, which could promote a more uniform distribution of electrons along the horizontal direction and then reduce the current crowding effect. In addition, the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction produced large amounts of two-dimensional electron gas at the interface, which could balance the electron distribution at the AlGaN/GaN interface and reduce the current crowding effect as well. The introduced current spreading process improved the luminescence intensity of LED. Ultimately, electroluminescence spectra were measured and confirmed the improved luminescence intensity via gradually decreased Al composition in the introduced n-AlGaN interlayer.
{"title":"Performance Enhancement of InGaN/GaN MQWs with n-AlGaN Interlayer Grown on Nano-Patterned Sapphire Substrate","authors":"Ying Zhao;Yuanfu Zhao;Xiaofei Kang;Kaili Xiong;Long Zhang;Xiangfa Chen","doi":"10.23919/cje.2024.00.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2024.00.204","url":null,"abstract":"The lateral light emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated on insulated sapphire substrate usually suffer current crowding effect, which would lead to a serious degeneration of luminescence properties and reliability issues. To relieve the current crowding effect and improve the device performance, n-AlGaN interlayers with gradual changing Al fractions were introduced into the n-GaN layer of the green LEDs. The gradually decreased Al composition in the introduced n-AlGaN interlayer resulted in a barrier in the conduction band, which could promote a more uniform distribution of electrons along the horizontal direction and then reduce the current crowding effect. In addition, the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction produced large amounts of two-dimensional electron gas at the interface, which could balance the electron distribution at the AlGaN/GaN interface and reduce the current crowding effect as well. The introduced current spreading process improved the luminescence intensity of LED. Ultimately, electroluminescence spectra were measured and confirmed the improved luminescence intensity via gradually decreased Al composition in the introduced n-AlGaN interlayer.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 3","pages":"749-754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11060020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.23919/cje.2023.00.364
Xiaozhi Wang;Bing Wang;Hengdu Hu;Baomin Qi;Quanke Pan
Microgrids can be cost-effective by reducing transmission and distribution losses, and enabling energy trading between microgrids can further optimize economic benefits. This paper discusses the energy trading decision problem of interconnected microgrids under an uncertain electricity price between any microgrid and the main grid. The uncertain energy trading price is described by discrete scenarios. The interests of individual microgrids and the shared benefits generated from cooperation among microgrids are considered. Based on the threshold-bad-scenario (TBS) set concept proposed in our previous work, we propose a robust energy trading model. The TBS-set robust energy trading problem actually consists of a family of robust energy trading problems. Each robust energy trading problem is decomposed into two subproblems: social robust cost minimization and trading payment. The alternating direction method of multipliers is applied to develop a distributed algorithm to solve the problem. The computational results show that the robust energy trading strategy can reduce the total cost of society by 8.89% and the cost of individual microgrids can be reduced by up to 12.34%. The proposed robust energy trading model can obtain various robust solutions with different degrees of tradeoff between robustness and optimality. The robustness prices of the robust solutions obtained are discussed to indicate the impact of the threshold values on the robustness prices.
{"title":"Threshold-Bad-Scenario-Set Robust Energy Trading Decisions for Interconnected Microgrids Under Uncertain Electricity Price","authors":"Xiaozhi Wang;Bing Wang;Hengdu Hu;Baomin Qi;Quanke Pan","doi":"10.23919/cje.2023.00.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2023.00.364","url":null,"abstract":"Microgrids can be cost-effective by reducing transmission and distribution losses, and enabling energy trading between microgrids can further optimize economic benefits. This paper discusses the energy trading decision problem of interconnected microgrids under an uncertain electricity price between any microgrid and the main grid. The uncertain energy trading price is described by discrete scenarios. The interests of individual microgrids and the shared benefits generated from cooperation among microgrids are considered. Based on the threshold-bad-scenario (TBS) set concept proposed in our previous work, we propose a robust energy trading model. The TBS-set robust energy trading problem actually consists of a family of robust energy trading problems. Each robust energy trading problem is decomposed into two subproblems: social robust cost minimization and trading payment. The alternating direction method of multipliers is applied to develop a distributed algorithm to solve the problem. The computational results show that the robust energy trading strategy can reduce the total cost of society by 8.89% and the cost of individual microgrids can be reduced by up to 12.34%. The proposed robust energy trading model can obtain various robust solutions with different degrees of tradeoff between robustness and optimality. The robustness prices of the robust solutions obtained are discussed to indicate the impact of the threshold values on the robustness prices.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 3","pages":"929-936"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11060056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.23919/cje.2024.00.219
Yimin Wen;Xingzhi Zhou;Xiang Liu;Yun Xue;Chenzhong Bin
At present, dynamic data stream classification has achieved many successful results through concept drift detection and ensemble learning. However, generally, due to delay in concept drift detection, the active classifier may further learn data belonging to a new concept. This will ultimately degrade the generalization capability of this active classifier on its corresponding concept. Thus, how can a classifier corresponding to one concept unlearns the learned data belonging to another concept? Two unlearning algorithms are proposed to address this problem. The first one based on the passive-aggressive (PA) algorithm adopts the least squares method to reversely update the already-trained model, achieving the effect of approximately unlearning, while another based on a modified PA algorithm achieves complete unlearning by modifying the loss function of the PA algorithm. The comprehensive experiments illustrated the effectiveness of these proposed methods.
{"title":"Unlearning Recently Learned Data to Preserve Historical Learning for Dynamic Data Stream Classification","authors":"Yimin Wen;Xingzhi Zhou;Xiang Liu;Yun Xue;Chenzhong Bin","doi":"10.23919/cje.2024.00.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2024.00.219","url":null,"abstract":"At present, dynamic data stream classification has achieved many successful results through concept drift detection and ensemble learning. However, generally, due to delay in concept drift detection, the active classifier may further learn data belonging to a new concept. This will ultimately degrade the generalization capability of this active classifier on its corresponding concept. Thus, how can a classifier corresponding to one concept unlearns the learned data belonging to another concept? Two unlearning algorithms are proposed to address this problem. The first one based on the passive-aggressive (PA) algorithm adopts the least squares method to reversely update the already-trained model, achieving the effect of approximately unlearning, while another based on a modified PA algorithm achieves complete unlearning by modifying the loss function of the PA algorithm. The comprehensive experiments illustrated the effectiveness of these proposed methods.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 3","pages":"849-860"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11060016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A dynamic programming algorithm is proposed for parameter extraction of the single-diode model (SDM). Five parameters of SDM are extracted from current-voltage curves of InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells solar cells under AM1.5 standard sunlight conditions, with indium compositions of 7% and 18%. The range of series resistance of the device is adaptively selected and its value is randomly determined. After the series resistance and the range of ideal factors are planned, the parameters of SDM are iteratively solved using the root mean square error (RMSE) of the current-voltage curve and the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Based on this parameter extraction approach, the proposed algorithm is faster and more accurate compared to other conventional algorithms. Additionally, the obtained RMSE value is controlled within 1.2E-5, and the calculated fill factor and photoelectric conversion efficiency are consistent with the measured values. This study provides a reference for power optimization of advanced semiconductor photovoltaic cell systems.
{"title":"Model Parameter Extraction for InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Well-Based Solar Cells Using Dynamic Programming","authors":"Hengsheng Shan;Chengke Li;Xiaoya Li;Minghui Li;Yifan Song;Shufang Ma;Bingshe Xu","doi":"10.23919/cje.2023.00.377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2023.00.377","url":null,"abstract":"A dynamic programming algorithm is proposed for parameter extraction of the single-diode model (SDM). Five parameters of SDM are extracted from current-voltage curves of InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells solar cells under AM1.5 standard sunlight conditions, with indium compositions of 7% and 18%. The range of series resistance of the device is adaptively selected and its value is randomly determined. After the series resistance and the range of ideal factors are planned, the parameters of SDM are iteratively solved using the root mean square error (RMSE) of the current-voltage curve and the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Based on this parameter extraction approach, the proposed algorithm is faster and more accurate compared to other conventional algorithms. Additionally, the obtained RMSE value is controlled within 1.2E-5, and the calculated fill factor and photoelectric conversion efficiency are consistent with the measured values. This study provides a reference for power optimization of advanced semiconductor photovoltaic cell systems.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 2","pages":"412-421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10982082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the limited storage resources of portable devices, congestion control has become a hot direction in opportunity networks. To address the issue of heavy loads on certain nodes, which can impact routing efficiency and overall network performance, this paper proposes a load-balancing opportunity routing algorithm based on ant colony optimization (LBOR) in a campus environment. The congestion status is represented by the ratio of message drop receptions within a certain period and the occupancy of the cache. Path selection is based on the concentration of pheromones and the pheromones on the path are updated when a data transmission is completed. In the event of congestion, the algorithm prevents a large amount of data from entering the node and unloads the data to other nodes, even if they are not the optimal relay nodes. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm effectively improves data transmission success rates, reduces network loads, and decreases the number of packet losses, especially under low latency conditions.
{"title":"Congestion Control Method for Campus Opportunity Network Based on Ant Colony Algorithm","authors":"Peng Li;Yumei Cao;Huan Jia;Xiaoming Wang;Xiaojun Wu","doi":"10.23919/cje.2024.00.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2024.00.019","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the limited storage resources of portable devices, congestion control has become a hot direction in opportunity networks. To address the issue of heavy loads on certain nodes, which can impact routing efficiency and overall network performance, this paper proposes a load-balancing opportunity routing algorithm based on ant colony optimization (LBOR) in a campus environment. The congestion status is represented by the ratio of message drop receptions within a certain period and the occupancy of the cache. Path selection is based on the concentration of pheromones and the pheromones on the path are updated when a data transmission is completed. In the event of congestion, the algorithm prevents a large amount of data from entering the node and unloads the data to other nodes, even if they are not the optimal relay nodes. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm effectively improves data transmission success rates, reduces network loads, and decreases the number of packet losses, especially under low latency conditions.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 2","pages":"576-585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10982071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.23919/cje.2023.00.373
Wenxiao Qiao;Siwei Sun;Ying Chen;Lei Hu
Recently, designing symmetric primitives for applications in cryptographic protocols including multi-party computation, fully homomorphic encryption, and zero-knowledge proofs has become an important research topic. Among many such new symmetric schemes, a power function over a large finite field $mathbb{F}_{q}$ is commonly used. In this paper, we revisit the algebraic degree's growth for a substitution-permutation network (SPN) cipher over $mathbb{F}_{2^{n}}(ngeq 3)$, whose S-box is defined as a composition of a power function $P(x)=x^{2^{d}+1}$ where $dgeq 1$ with a polynomial $A(x)=a_{0}+ sumlimits_{w=1}^{W}a_{w}x^{2^{beta_{w}}}$ where $a_{i}in mathbb{F}_{2^{n}}$ for $0leq ileq W$ and $a_{w}neq 0$ for $1leq wleq W$. We propose a new coefficient grouping technique, which is based on our new description of the monomials that will probably appear in the state. Specifically, we propose a new measure to find proper $(beta_{1},beta_{2}, ldots,beta_{W})$ for the algebraic degree's fastest growth and a new method to compute the algebraic degree's upper bound for arbitrary $A(x)$. Especially for Chaghri, which was presented at ACM CCS 2022, we obtained a tighter upper bound on the algebraic degree.
{"title":"New Coefficient Grouping for Complex Affine Layers","authors":"Wenxiao Qiao;Siwei Sun;Ying Chen;Lei Hu","doi":"10.23919/cje.2023.00.373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2023.00.373","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, designing symmetric primitives for applications in cryptographic protocols including multi-party computation, fully homomorphic encryption, and zero-knowledge proofs has become an important research topic. Among many such new symmetric schemes, a power function over a large finite field <tex>$mathbb{F}_{q}$</tex> is commonly used. In this paper, we revisit the algebraic degree's growth for a substitution-permutation network (SPN) cipher over <tex>$mathbb{F}_{2^{n}}(ngeq 3)$</tex>, whose S-box is defined as a composition of a power function <tex>$P(x)=x^{2^{d}+1}$</tex> where <tex>$dgeq 1$</tex> with a polynomial <tex>$A(x)=a_{0}+ sumlimits_{w=1}^{W}a_{w}x^{2^{beta_{w}}}$</tex> where <tex>$a_{i}in mathbb{F}_{2^{n}}$</tex> for <tex>$0leq ileq W$</tex> and <tex>$a_{w}neq 0$</tex> for <tex>$1leq wleq W$</tex>. We propose a new coefficient grouping technique, which is based on our new description of the monomials that will probably appear in the state. Specifically, we propose a new measure to find proper <tex>$(beta_{1},beta_{2}, ldots,beta_{W})$</tex> for the algebraic degree's fastest growth and a new method to compute the algebraic degree's upper bound for arbitrary <tex>$A(x)$</tex>. Especially for Chaghri, which was presented at ACM CCS 2022, we obtained a tighter upper bound on the algebraic degree.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 2","pages":"520-532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10982055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.23919/cje.2024.00.047
Yi Le;Hao Liu;Guodong Su;Jun Liu;Xiang Wang;Lingling Sun
This paper introduces a novel, easily-designed millimeter-wave sensor and an innovative liquid sensing method, both suitable for biological sample detection and cancer cell discrimination. The sensor, composed of coplanar waveguides with load resonators, features a centrally symmetric stepped-impedance resonator that creates a detection region, capable of achieving multiple transmission poles and zeros. This resonator is responsive to the equivalent dielectric constant of the surrounding space, mirroring the electromagnetic properties of the tested sample via the resonant frequency and notch depth. The proposed sensing method uses filter paper to characterize a liquid's electromagnetic properties by comparing the S-parameters of dry and wet filter paper loaded onto the sensor. This method, an alternative to traditional microfluidic channels, allows all planar microwave/millimeter-wave solid dielectric constant sensors to robustly detect liquid materials. Applied to biomedicine, the design enables the sensor to generate multiple transmission peaks in the 20–60 GHz range, thereby facilitating discrimination of various cancer cell culture media and suspensions. Compared to traditional biochemical methods, this approach significantly reduces cancer detection costs and offers new avenues for label-free, real-time detection.
{"title":"A Millimeter-Wave Sensor and Differential Filter-Paper-Based Measurement Method for Cancer Cell Detections","authors":"Yi Le;Hao Liu;Guodong Su;Jun Liu;Xiang Wang;Lingling Sun","doi":"10.23919/cje.2024.00.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2024.00.047","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a novel, easily-designed millimeter-wave sensor and an innovative liquid sensing method, both suitable for biological sample detection and cancer cell discrimination. The sensor, composed of coplanar waveguides with load resonators, features a centrally symmetric stepped-impedance resonator that creates a detection region, capable of achieving multiple transmission poles and zeros. This resonator is responsive to the equivalent dielectric constant of the surrounding space, mirroring the electromagnetic properties of the tested sample via the resonant frequency and notch depth. The proposed sensing method uses filter paper to characterize a liquid's electromagnetic properties by comparing the S-parameters of dry and wet filter paper loaded onto the sensor. This method, an alternative to traditional microfluidic channels, allows all planar microwave/millimeter-wave solid dielectric constant sensors to robustly detect liquid materials. Applied to biomedicine, the design enables the sensor to generate multiple transmission peaks in the 20–60 GHz range, thereby facilitating discrimination of various cancer cell culture media and suspensions. Compared to traditional biochemical methods, this approach significantly reduces cancer detection costs and offers new avenues for label-free, real-time detection.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 2","pages":"401-411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10982078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.23919/cje.2023.00.336
Chenchen Zhang;Qiuchi Li;Zhan Su;Dawei Song
Polysemy is a common phenomenon in linguistics. Quantum-inspired complex word embeddings based on Semantic Hilbert Space play an important role in natural language processing, which may accurately define a genuine probability distribution over the word space. The existing quantum-inspired works manipulate on the real-valued vectors to compose the complex-valued word embeddings, which lack direct complex-valued pre-trained word representations. Motivated by quantum-inspired complex word embeddings, we propose a complex-valued pre-trained word embedding based on density matrices, called Word2State. Unlike the existing static word embeddings, our proposed model can provide non-linear semantic composition in the form of amplitude and phase, which also defines an authentic probabilistic distribution. We evaluate this model on twelve datasets from the word similarity task and six datasets from the relevant downstream tasks. The experimental results on different tasks demonstrate that our proposed pre-trained word embedding can capture richer semantic information and exhibit greater flexibility in expressing uncertainty.
{"title":"Word2State: Modeling Word Representations as States with Density Matrices","authors":"Chenchen Zhang;Qiuchi Li;Zhan Su;Dawei Song","doi":"10.23919/cje.2023.00.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2023.00.336","url":null,"abstract":"Polysemy is a common phenomenon in linguistics. Quantum-inspired complex word embeddings based on Semantic Hilbert Space play an important role in natural language processing, which may accurately define a genuine probability distribution over the word space. The existing quantum-inspired works manipulate on the real-valued vectors to compose the complex-valued word embeddings, which lack direct complex-valued pre-trained word representations. Motivated by quantum-inspired complex word embeddings, we propose a complex-valued pre-trained word embedding based on density matrices, called Word2State. Unlike the existing static word embeddings, our proposed model can provide non-linear semantic composition in the form of amplitude and phase, which also defines an authentic probabilistic distribution. We evaluate this model on twelve datasets from the word similarity task and six datasets from the relevant downstream tasks. The experimental results on different tasks demonstrate that our proposed pre-trained word embedding can capture richer semantic information and exhibit greater flexibility in expressing uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 2","pages":"649-660"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10982096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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