Evelyn R Díaz-Torres, Emigdio Marín-Enríquez, A. Corgos, A. Olivos-Ortiz, Christian D. Ortega‐Ortiz
The Mexican Central Pacific (MCP) has complex oceanographic dynamics, with a well-defined seasonal pattern and influence of interannual sea surface temperature anomalies. The present study investigated the relationship between the distribution/abundance of spotted dolphins and the environmental conditions in the MCP. Dolphin sighting data were collected during January 2010–December 2015; distance to coast, sea surface temperature, and chlorophyll a (Chla) were obtained for each sighting location through georeferenced maps and satellite images. A total of 746 spotted dolphin sightings were obtained with a survey effort of 31,695 km. Spotted dolphins in the MCP showed a predominantly coastal distribution regardless of environmental conditions. Significant differences were detected concerning regional seasonal variation, with higher mean sighting rate during the stratified periods and higher density/abundance estimates during the mixed periods. Spotted dolphins showed preference for warmer conditions, with higher mean sighting rate, abundance, and distance to coast during the neutral and warm interannual periods. During the coolest conditions (cold periods), mean sighting rate and abundance decreased and spotted dolphins were located closer to the coast, where Chla concentration increased. These results suggest that changes in the distribution/abundance of these dolphins could be associated with habitat quality related to tropical (El Niño/Southern Oscillation) and extratropical (The Blob) oceanographic phenomena, which could be modulating their foraging activities.
{"title":"Influence of environmental variability on the distribution and abundance of the pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) in the Mexican Central Pacific","authors":"Evelyn R Díaz-Torres, Emigdio Marín-Enríquez, A. Corgos, A. Olivos-Ortiz, Christian D. Ortega‐Ortiz","doi":"10.7773/cm.y2022.3215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.y2022.3215","url":null,"abstract":"The Mexican Central Pacific (MCP) has complex oceanographic dynamics, with a well-defined seasonal pattern and influence of interannual sea surface temperature anomalies. The present study investigated the relationship between the distribution/abundance of spotted dolphins and the environmental conditions in the MCP. Dolphin sighting data were collected during January 2010–December 2015; distance to coast, sea surface temperature, and chlorophyll a (Chla) were obtained for each sighting location through georeferenced maps and satellite images. A total of 746 spotted dolphin sightings were obtained with a survey effort of 31,695 km. Spotted dolphins in the MCP showed a predominantly coastal distribution regardless of environmental conditions. Significant differences were detected concerning regional seasonal variation, with higher mean sighting rate during the stratified periods and higher density/abundance estimates during the mixed periods. Spotted dolphins showed preference for warmer conditions, with higher mean sighting rate, abundance, and distance to coast during the neutral and warm interannual periods. During the coolest conditions (cold periods), mean sighting rate and abundance decreased and spotted dolphins were located closer to the coast, where Chla concentration increased. These results suggest that changes in the distribution/abundance of these dolphins could be associated with habitat quality related to tropical (El Niño/Southern Oscillation) and extratropical (The Blob) oceanographic phenomena, which could be modulating their foraging activities.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43673484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diana Rubí Ríos-Huerta, Milagros González-Hernández, Catherine E. Hart, Antonio Ramírez-Guillén, Katherine EC Santos
Dentro del programa de conservación de tortugas marinas en Boca de Tomates, Jalisco (México), todos los nidos de Lepidochelys olivacea son reubicados a corral de playa o a cajas de poliestireno debido a la recolección ilegal de huevos, la depredación, la erosión y las altas temperaturas de la arena. Con ambos métodos de incubación evaluamos los siguientes términos de viabilidad del nido y calidad de los neonatos: éxito de eclosión, temperatura del nido, duración de incubación y calidad de neonatos (desempeño locomotor, morfometría, peso y malformaciones congénitas). El éxito de eclosión fue significativamente mayor en corral (promedio = 77.4%, n = 1368) que en cajas (promedio = 59.91%, n = 1,160) (P < 0.001). Los nidos incubados en corral eclosionaron en menor tiempo que aquellos incubados en cajas (corral = 46 d, cajas = 51 d) (P < 0.001) debido a una temperatura promedio significativamente más elevada (corral = 32.62 ºC, cajas = 30.58 ºC) (P < 0.001). El corral fue expuesto a menor variabilidad de la fluctuación térmica diaria (corral = 1.46 ºC, cajas = 2.69 ºC) (P < 0.001). No encontramos diferencia significativa en ningún parámetro de calidad de los neonatos entre los métodos de incubación (P > 0.050). Determinamos que las malformaciones en L. olivacea tienen baja prevalencia (corral = 1.35%, caja = 1.89%) y bajo índice de intensidad por organismo (corral = 1.52, cajas = 1.89) en este sitio. Este es el primer estudio que conocemos que compara la calidad de neonatos de una misma especie (L. olivacea) entre estos 2 métodos de incubación ex situ en la misma ubicación y durante el mismo periodo de tiempo. Realizar estudios similares a este es importante, puesto que la calidad de los neonatos puede contribuir a su capacidad de supervivencia y reproducción.
在墨西哥哈利斯科的Boca de Tomatos海龟保护计划中，由于非法收集鸡蛋、捕食、侵蚀和沙子高温，所有橄榄鳞海龟的巢穴都被转移到海滩围栏或聚苯乙烯箱中。通过这两种孵化方法，我们评估了以下关于巢穴生存能力和新生儿质量的术语：孵化成功、巢穴温度、孵化持续时间和新生儿质量（运动性能、形态计量学、体重和先天畸形）。家禽（平均=77.4%，n=1368）的孵化成功率明显高于盒子（平均=59.91%，n=1160）（p<0.001）。由于平均温度显着较高（家禽=32.62ºC，盒子=30.58ºC）（p<0.001），在家禽中孵化的巢穴比在盒子中孵化的巢穴孵化的时间短（家禽=46 d，盒子=51 d）（p<0.001）。家禽暴露于每日热波动的可变性较低（Corral=1.46ºC，Cajas=2.69ºC）（p<0.001）。我们发现孵化方法之间新生儿的任何质量参数没有显着差异（p>0.050）。我们确定橄榄叶中的畸形在该部位的患病率较低（Corral=1.35%，Caja=1.89%）和低强度指数（Corral=1.52，Cajas=1.89）。这是我们知道的第一项比较同一物种（橄榄树）的新生儿在同一地点和同一时期的这两种场外孵化方法之间质量的研究。进行类似的研究很重要，因为新生儿的质量可能有助于他们的生存和繁殖能力。
{"title":"Evaluación de 2 métodos de incubación ex situ para huevos de tortugas marinas considerando temperatura del nido, éxito de eclosión, y calidad de los neonatos","authors":"Diana Rubí Ríos-Huerta, Milagros González-Hernández, Catherine E. Hart, Antonio Ramírez-Guillén, Katherine EC Santos","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i4.3225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i4.3225","url":null,"abstract":"Dentro del programa de conservación de tortugas marinas en Boca de Tomates, Jalisco (México), todos los nidos de Lepidochelys olivacea son reubicados a corral de playa o a cajas de poliestireno debido a la recolección ilegal de huevos, la depredación, la erosión y las altas temperaturas de la arena. Con ambos métodos de incubación evaluamos los siguientes términos de viabilidad del nido y calidad de los neonatos: éxito de eclosión, temperatura del nido, duración de incubación y calidad de neonatos (desempeño locomotor, morfometría, peso y malformaciones congénitas). El éxito de eclosión fue significativamente mayor en corral (promedio = 77.4%, n = 1368) que en cajas (promedio = 59.91%, n = 1,160) (P < 0.001). Los nidos incubados en corral eclosionaron en menor tiempo que aquellos incubados en cajas (corral = 46 d, cajas = 51 d) (P < 0.001) debido a una temperatura promedio significativamente más elevada (corral = 32.62 ºC, cajas = 30.58 ºC) (P < 0.001). El corral fue expuesto a menor variabilidad de la fluctuación térmica diaria (corral = 1.46 ºC, cajas = 2.69 ºC) (P < 0.001). No encontramos diferencia significativa en ningún parámetro de calidad de los neonatos entre los métodos de incubación (P > 0.050). Determinamos que las malformaciones en L. olivacea tienen baja prevalencia (corral = 1.35%, caja = 1.89%) y bajo índice de intensidad por organismo (corral = 1.52, cajas = 1.89) en este sitio. Este es el primer estudio que conocemos que compara la calidad de neonatos de una misma especie (L. olivacea) entre estos 2 métodos de incubación ex situ en la misma ubicación y durante el mismo periodo de tiempo. Realizar estudios similares a este es importante, puesto que la calidad de los neonatos puede contribuir a su capacidad de supervivencia y reproducción.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49060739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Jurado-Molina, Jessica Johana García-Meléndez, Miriam Cortes-Salgado
Although much effort has been dedicated to the management of the red octopus fishery on the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico), managers have yet to incorporate economic aspects to ensure sustainable and profitable exploitation of this fishery resource. We developed a bioeconomic model that incorporated the uncertainty for the r and K parameters. We fit 3 models (Schaefer, Fox, and Pella–Tomlinson) to abundance index survey data and used the Akaike information criterion for model selection. The best fit corresponded to the Schaefer model. We built deterministic and stochastic versions of the Gordon–Schaefer model. Economic data (costs and prices) were determined from inter[1]views with fishermen. To estimate the posterior distributions of parameters and indicators, we used Bayesian methods with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations. The deterministic results suggested that the maximum sustainable income was Mex$851.70 million, with a fishing effort of 3,650 fishing boats, while the maximum sustainable profit was $390.8 million, with a fishing effort of 2,472 fishing boats. The equilibrium point corresponded to an effort of 4,945 fishing boats. Regarding the stochastic model, the MCMC simulation results suggest that the maximum sustainable income distribution was not normal; its average was $856.1 million (SE 1.8) and the most likely value was $849.50 million. The most likely fishing effort at equilibrium was 4,970 fishing boats. Our results suggest the fishery could be operating close to the economic equilibrium point; if this is the case, fishing effort must decrease in order for annual profit to increase. Our approach will help make periodical re-evaluations of the fishery and establish management strategies to ensure the profitable and sustainable exploitation of the red octopus on the Yucatan Peninsula.
{"title":"Development of a stochastic bioeconomic model for the red octopus fishery on the Yucatan Peninsula: Implications for management","authors":"J. Jurado-Molina, Jessica Johana García-Meléndez, Miriam Cortes-Salgado","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i4.3206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i4.3206","url":null,"abstract":"Although much effort has been dedicated to the management of the red octopus fishery on the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico), managers have yet to incorporate economic aspects to ensure sustainable and profitable exploitation of this fishery resource. We developed a bioeconomic model that incorporated the uncertainty for the r and K parameters. We fit 3 models (Schaefer, Fox, and Pella–Tomlinson) to abundance index survey data and used the Akaike information criterion for model selection. The best fit corresponded to the Schaefer model. We built deterministic and stochastic versions of the Gordon–Schaefer model. Economic data (costs and prices) were determined from inter[1]views with fishermen. To estimate the posterior distributions of parameters and indicators, we used Bayesian methods with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations. The deterministic results suggested that the maximum sustainable income was Mex$851.70 million, with a fishing effort of 3,650 fishing boats, while the maximum sustainable profit was $390.8 million, with a fishing effort of 2,472 fishing boats. The equilibrium point corresponded to an effort of 4,945 fishing boats. Regarding the stochastic model, the MCMC simulation results suggest that the maximum sustainable income distribution was not normal; its average was $856.1 million (SE 1.8) and the most likely value was $849.50 million. The most likely fishing effort at equilibrium was 4,970 fishing boats. Our results suggest the fishery could be operating close to the economic equilibrium point; if this is the case, fishing effort must decrease in order for annual profit to increase. Our approach will help make periodical re-evaluations of the fishery and establish management strategies to ensure the profitable and sustainable exploitation of the red octopus on the Yucatan Peninsula.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42469311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Padilla-Serrato, M. O. Nevárez-Martínez, D. Arizmendi-Rodríguez, Carlos Hiram Rábago-Quiroz, Alejandro Valdez-Pelayo
Se analizaron aspectos biológicos, talla, peso e indicadores reproductivos, del calamar dedal. Se analizaron 2,354 individuos capturados en 7 cruceros de pesca exploratoria y en muestreos de 5 bahías en el golfo de California de 2014 a 2017. Los individuos se agruparon en 2 sistemas: frentes costeros (programas de crucero Calamar gigante, Camarón, Merluza y Pelágicos menores) y lagunas costeras (bahías de Agiabampo, Yavaros, Tóbari, Lobos y Las Guásimas). En los frentes costeros se capturaron 1,687 individuos (44.2% hembras, 25.7% machos y 30.1% indeterminados) y en las lagunas costeras, 667 individuos (59.7% hembras, 36.7% machos y 3.6%indeterminados), y las hembras fueron las de mayor abundancia en ambos ecosistemas. Las hembras dominaron en tallas >60 mm de longitud de manto (LM) y los machos, en tallas >60 mm de longitud de manto (LM) y los machos, en tallas <60mm de LM. El tipo de crecimiento fue alométrico negativo para ambos sexos (b = 2.59). La talla promedio de primera madurez (LM50) indicó que las hembras maduran a longitudes mayores que los machos. La frecuencia de los estadios de desarrollo gonádico por sistema mostró que las fases inmaduras en ambos sexos fueron las más frecuentes. La proporción sexual fue 1.7H:1.0M. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, podemos concluir que el calamar dedal habita ambos sistemas, los frentes costeros y las lagunas costeras, donde los machos maduros parchan a las hembras inmaduras en las lagunas costeras y estas migran a los frentes costeros para madurar y desovar.
{"title":"Aspectos biológicos y uso de hábitat del calamar dedal, Lolliguncula panamensis, capturado en el golfo de California","authors":"J. Padilla-Serrato, M. O. Nevárez-Martínez, D. Arizmendi-Rodríguez, Carlos Hiram Rábago-Quiroz, Alejandro Valdez-Pelayo","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i3.3143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i3.3143","url":null,"abstract":"Se analizaron aspectos biológicos, talla, peso e indicadores reproductivos, del calamar dedal. Se analizaron 2,354 individuos capturados en 7 cruceros de pesca exploratoria y en muestreos de 5 bahías en el golfo de California de 2014 a 2017. Los individuos se agruparon en 2 sistemas: frentes costeros (programas de crucero Calamar gigante, Camarón, Merluza y Pelágicos menores) y lagunas costeras (bahías de Agiabampo, Yavaros, Tóbari, Lobos y Las Guásimas). En los frentes costeros se capturaron 1,687 individuos (44.2% hembras, 25.7% machos y 30.1% indeterminados) y en las lagunas costeras, 667 individuos (59.7% hembras, 36.7% machos y 3.6%indeterminados), y las hembras fueron las de mayor abundancia en ambos ecosistemas. Las hembras dominaron en tallas >60 mm de longitud de manto (LM) y los machos, en tallas >60 mm de longitud de manto (LM) y los machos, en tallas <60mm de LM. El tipo de crecimiento fue alométrico negativo para ambos sexos (b = 2.59). La talla promedio de primera madurez (LM50) indicó que las hembras maduran a longitudes mayores que los machos. La frecuencia de los estadios de desarrollo gonádico por sistema mostró que las fases inmaduras en ambos sexos fueron las más frecuentes. La proporción sexual fue 1.7H:1.0M. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, podemos concluir que el calamar dedal habita ambos sistemas, los frentes costeros y las lagunas costeras, donde los machos maduros parchan a las hembras inmaduras en las lagunas costeras y estas migran a los frentes costeros para madurar y desovar.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43731455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ismael Mendoza-Avilés, Carla A Muñoz-Rojas, Mario Rojas, Norma Estrada
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is an accurate, sensitive, rapid, and easy-to-perform method for gene amplification under isothermal conditions, and it has served as a powerful diagnostic tool. In this study, we used LAMP to develop a diagnostic protocol for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus in whiteleg shrimp, and Perkinsus spp. in Crassostrea spp. in Mexico. These pathogens are associated with different diseases and are considered a threat in the aquaculture industry. Infected and uninfected oysters and shrimp were obtained from farms in the northwest coast of Mexico to standardize the LAMP assay. We determined the candidate target genes in the first-round analysis of many sets of primers, and then we chose a set of primers that successfully amplified with Mexican samples. We optimized the LAMP reactions for each pathogen with the chosen primer sets using temperature gradients from 61 to 65 ºC, DNA concentrations from 2.5 pg to 250.0 ng, and reaction times from 10 to 60 min. This study established a diagnostic procedure for detecting pathogens in oysters and shrimp from Mexico. Early diagnosis and treatment of pathogens can immensely reduce disease transmission in aquaculture farms.
{"title":"Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for diagnosing marine pathogens in tissues of Crassostrea spp. and white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, farmed in Mexico","authors":"Ismael Mendoza-Avilés, Carla A Muñoz-Rojas, Mario Rojas, Norma Estrada","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i4.3095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i4.3095","url":null,"abstract":"Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is an accurate, sensitive, rapid, and easy-to-perform method for gene amplification under isothermal conditions, and it has served as a powerful diagnostic tool. In this study, we used LAMP to develop a diagnostic protocol for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus in whiteleg shrimp, and Perkinsus spp. in Crassostrea spp. in Mexico. These pathogens are associated with different diseases and are considered a threat in the aquaculture industry. Infected and uninfected oysters and shrimp were obtained from farms in the northwest coast of Mexico to standardize the LAMP assay. We determined the candidate target genes in the first-round analysis of many sets of primers, and then we chose a set of primers that successfully amplified with Mexican samples. We optimized the LAMP reactions for each pathogen with the chosen primer sets using temperature gradients from 61 to 65 ºC, DNA concentrations from 2.5 pg to 250.0 ng, and reaction times from 10 to 60 min. This study established a diagnostic procedure for detecting pathogens in oysters and shrimp from Mexico. Early diagnosis and treatment of pathogens can immensely reduce disease transmission in aquaculture farms.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43192496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. G. Juárez-Hernández, M. Tapia-García, José Martín Ramírez-Gutiérrez
La degradación progresiva de los ecosistemas coralinos hace necesaria la elaboración de inventarios bióticos y la cuantificación de la biodiversidad para el desarrollo y la aplicación de estrategias de conservación y manejo. Acorde a lo anterior, el presente estudio describe la composición, la estructura y la variación espaciotemporal de la comunidad íctica de la bahía Maguey. Se realizaron 47 transectos mediante la técnica de censos visuales entre enero de 2005 y mayo de 2006. Se identificaron 60 especies, 47 géneros y 29 familias. Temporalmente, la composición y estructura íctica no presentó diferenciación (análisis de similitud = 0.034, P = 0.163); sin embargo, la mayor abundancia se presentó en la época de secas, y el mayor número de especies y la mayor diversidad se presentaron en la época de lluvias. Espacialmente, hubo diferencias en la composición y estructura íctica (análisis de similitud = 0.310, P = 0.001), así como en la abundancia, el número de especies y la diversidad. La abundancia, la riqueza de especies y la diversidad estuvieron relacionadas con los atributos del hábitat (diversidad del sustrato, cobertura coralina, profundidad y exposición al oleaje). Esta contribución incrementa la información existente de la ictiofauna de esta bahía y, al ser precedente a los disturbios acontecidos en esta localidad, se espera que sea funcional para análisis que revelen la magnitud y la dirección de los cambios en la comunidad íctica.
{"title":"Ictiofauna de la bahía Maguey, Oaxaca, México, y su relación con la estructura del hábitat","authors":"L. G. Juárez-Hernández, M. Tapia-García, José Martín Ramírez-Gutiérrez","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i4.3235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i4.3235","url":null,"abstract":"La degradación progresiva de los ecosistemas coralinos hace necesaria la elaboración de inventarios bióticos y la cuantificación de la biodiversidad para el desarrollo y la aplicación de estrategias de conservación y manejo. Acorde a lo anterior, el presente estudio describe la composición, la estructura y la variación espaciotemporal de la comunidad íctica de la bahía Maguey. Se realizaron 47 transectos mediante la técnica de censos visuales entre enero de 2005 y mayo de 2006. Se identificaron 60 especies, 47 géneros y 29 familias. Temporalmente, la composición y estructura íctica no presentó diferenciación (análisis de similitud = 0.034, P = 0.163); sin embargo, la mayor abundancia se presentó en la época de secas, y el mayor número de especies y la mayor diversidad se presentaron en la época de lluvias. Espacialmente, hubo diferencias en la composición y estructura íctica (análisis de similitud = 0.310, P = 0.001), así como en la abundancia, el número de especies y la diversidad. La abundancia, la riqueza de especies y la diversidad estuvieron relacionadas con los atributos del hábitat (diversidad del sustrato, cobertura coralina, profundidad y exposición al oleaje). Esta contribución incrementa la información existente de la ictiofauna de esta bahía y, al ser precedente a los disturbios acontecidos en esta localidad, se espera que sea funcional para análisis que revelen la magnitud y la dirección de los cambios en la comunidad íctica.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41361402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venezuelan oil exploration and exploitation activities have been taking place since the 18th century. These long-term activities are closely related to heavy metal contamination because of the increasing input of toxic pollutants. Variations in heavy metal concentrations can cause, among other things, changes in metal distribution patterns, alterations in biogeochemical cycles, and increments in environmental and biological risks. The need for a complete baseline on heavy metal concentrations along the Venezuelan coast is critical. For this reason, we present the concentrations, distribution, and degree of contamination of 9 heavy metals (barium, mercury, copper, nickel, chromium, cadmium, zinc, lead, and vanadium) in marine sediments along the Venezuelan coast. We used the enrichment factor, the geoaccumulation index, and the mean effects range median quotients to evaluate the degree of contamination, comparing areas with and without intervention. Our results indicate that higher concentrations of these heavy metals are associated with places with greater anthropic activity, especially on the central and eastern coasts of Venezuela. Only cadmium showed extremely severe enrichment and a high degree of contamination. The biohazard potential was between 12% and 30% and was primarily associated with locations having high oil activity, which suggests that these places must be monitored, given the potential hazard they represent. This work encompasses the distribution and concentration of 9 heavy metals along the Venezuelan coast and takes relevance as a baseline for heavy metal concentrations and pollution indicators in marine sediments for Venezuela and the Caribbean.
{"title":"Heavy metals in Venezuelan marine sediments: concentrations, degree of contamination, and distribution","authors":"R. Ramos, Alejandra Verde, Elia M García","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i3.3124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i3.3124","url":null,"abstract":"Venezuelan oil exploration and exploitation activities have been taking place since the 18th century. These long-term activities are closely related to heavy metal contamination because of the increasing input of toxic pollutants. Variations in heavy metal concentrations can cause, among other things, changes in metal distribution patterns, alterations in biogeochemical cycles, and increments in environmental and biological risks. The need for a complete baseline on heavy metal concentrations along the Venezuelan coast is critical. For this reason, we present the concentrations, distribution, and degree of contamination of 9 heavy metals (barium, mercury, copper, nickel, chromium, cadmium, zinc, lead, and vanadium) in marine sediments along the Venezuelan coast. We used the enrichment factor, the geoaccumulation index, and the mean effects range median quotients to evaluate the degree of contamination, comparing areas with and without intervention. Our results indicate that higher concentrations of these heavy metals are associated with places with greater anthropic activity, especially on the central and eastern coasts of Venezuela. Only cadmium showed extremely severe enrichment and a high degree of contamination. The biohazard potential was between 12% and 30% and was primarily associated with locations having high oil activity, which suggests that these places must be monitored, given the potential hazard they represent. This work encompasses the distribution and concentration of 9 heavy metals along the Venezuelan coast and takes relevance as a baseline for heavy metal concentrations and pollution indicators in marine sediments for Venezuela and the Caribbean.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44362745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Temperature is perhaps the most important seawater property. It is a measure of the energy content in the ocean and it affects the metabolic rates, distribution, and abundance of species that are important from the economic and ecological points of view. Satellite-derived oceanographic data have been widely used to assess spatiotemporal variations of sea surface temperature on broad scales; satellites, however, are unable to reach subsurface levels, and obtaining reliable subsurface water temperature data is achieved by either numerical modeling or direct observations, the latter representing a very high-cost alternative. In this paper, a method for modeling temperature profiles is presented. A generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) with a gamma error distribution and an inverse link function was used to model shallow (200 m) temperature profiles in the Pacific Ocean off northwestern Mexico. The dataset included 656 profiles that were linearly interpolated at depth, which resulted in 127,595 observations. The database covered an area from 18.5º to 25.8ºN and from –114.5º to –105.9ºW in a time span from June 2007 to November 2016. The model included temperature as response variable; depth, surface dynamic topography, wind stress curl, latitude, longitude, and the Oceanic Niño Index as covariates; and month as random effect. The final model explained 86% of the total deviance of the dataset used to fit the GAMM. Although important deviations between the observations and the predictions of the model were observed, the results of the validation process and of predictions made on an independent dataset (correlation of observed vs. predicted temperature, 0.93; root-mean-square error, 1.5 ºC) were comparable to the results obtained with more complex modeling techniques, suggesting that this statistical approach is a valuable tool for modeling oceanographic data.
{"title":"A statistical approach for modeling shallow (<200 m) temperature profiles in the Pacific Ocean off northwestern Mexico","authors":"Emigdio Marín-Enríquez","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i3.3027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i3.3027","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature is perhaps the most important seawater property. It is a measure of the energy content in the ocean and it affects the metabolic rates, distribution, and abundance of species that are important from the economic and ecological points of view. Satellite-derived oceanographic data have been widely used to assess spatiotemporal variations of sea surface temperature on broad scales; satellites, however, are unable to reach subsurface levels, and obtaining reliable subsurface water temperature data is achieved by either numerical modeling or direct observations, the latter representing a very high-cost alternative. In this paper, a method for modeling temperature profiles is presented. A generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) with a gamma error distribution and an inverse link function was used to model shallow (200 m) temperature profiles in the Pacific Ocean off northwestern Mexico. The dataset included 656 profiles that were linearly interpolated at depth, which resulted in 127,595 observations. The database covered an area from 18.5º to 25.8ºN and from –114.5º to –105.9ºW in a time span from June 2007 to November 2016. The model included temperature as response variable; depth, surface dynamic topography, wind stress curl, latitude, longitude, and the Oceanic Niño Index as covariates; and month as random effect. The final model explained 86% of the total deviance of the dataset used to fit the GAMM. Although important deviations between the observations and the predictions of the model were observed, the results of the validation process and of predictions made on an independent dataset (correlation of observed vs. predicted temperature, 0.93; root-mean-square error, 1.5 ºC) were comparable to the results obtained with more complex modeling techniques, suggesting that this statistical approach is a valuable tool for modeling oceanographic data.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46111896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Flores, Nelly González, Arlen Bravo, Brenda Mora-Sánchez, Dayana Torres, William Jirón, Jessica Sheleby-Elías, J. L. Balcázar
El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar bacterias patógenas en peces procedentes de 4 comunidades en la costa del Pacífico en el occidente de Nicaragua. Se recolectaron 62 peces para realizar el análisis microbiológico a partir de muestras de músculo, las cuales fueron inoculadas en agar tiosulfato citrato bilis sacarosa y agar tripticasa de soja. La identificación bacteriana se realizó mediante pruebas bioquímicas y de tolerancia a diferentes concentraciones de NaCl, y para determinar la resistencia bacteriana, se empleó el método Kirby-Bauer. Los resultados mostraron presencia de Vibrio metschnikovii en un 30.64% (IC 95%: 18.36–42.92) de las muestras de peces, mientras que Salinivibrio costicola fue detectada en un 22.58% (IC 95%: 11.37–33.79) de las muestras. Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa (SCN) fue detectada en un 82.30% (IC 95%: 71.94–92.57) de las muestras. Especies del género Vibrio fueron detectadas a una concentración de 3.9 × 103 UFC·g–1 en las muestras de peces de la comunidad Las Peñitas y de 2.52 × 103 UFC·g–1 en las de Poneloya, y estos valores fueron significativamente mayores (P = 0.003) que aquellos encontrados para las muestras de El Tránsito (5.25 × 102 UFC·g–1). Además, el 100% de las cepas de V. metschnikovii y S. costicola fueron resistentes a amoxicilina/ácido clavulánico y sensibles a ciprofloxacina. La carga bacteriana de S. costicola es propia de ambientes marinos y no representa riesgo sanitario. Sin embargo, V. metschnikovii puede estar presente en el pescado crudo y, por lo tanto, representa un peligro para la salud pública, así como también lo es SCN, que es un indicador de contaminación antropogénica.
{"title":"Identificación de bacterias patógenas en peces capturados en el Pacífico frente a Nicaragua","authors":"B. Flores, Nelly González, Arlen Bravo, Brenda Mora-Sánchez, Dayana Torres, William Jirón, Jessica Sheleby-Elías, J. L. Balcázar","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i3.3212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i3.3212","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar bacterias patógenas en peces procedentes de 4 comunidades en la costa del Pacífico en el occidente de Nicaragua. Se recolectaron 62 peces para realizar el análisis microbiológico a partir de muestras de músculo, las cuales fueron inoculadas en agar tiosulfato citrato bilis sacarosa y agar tripticasa de soja. La identificación bacteriana se realizó mediante pruebas bioquímicas y de tolerancia a diferentes concentraciones de NaCl, y para determinar la resistencia bacteriana, se empleó el método Kirby-Bauer. Los resultados mostraron presencia de Vibrio metschnikovii en un 30.64% (IC 95%: 18.36–42.92) de las muestras de peces, mientras que Salinivibrio costicola fue detectada en un 22.58% (IC 95%: 11.37–33.79) de las muestras. Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa (SCN) fue detectada en un 82.30% (IC 95%: 71.94–92.57) de las muestras. Especies del género Vibrio fueron detectadas a una concentración de 3.9 × 103 UFC·g–1 en las muestras de peces de la comunidad Las Peñitas y de 2.52 × 103 UFC·g–1 en las de Poneloya, y estos valores fueron significativamente mayores (P = 0.003) que aquellos encontrados para las muestras de El Tránsito (5.25 × 102 UFC·g–1). Además, el 100% de las cepas de V. metschnikovii y S. costicola fueron resistentes a amoxicilina/ácido clavulánico y sensibles a ciprofloxacina. La carga bacteriana de S. costicola es propia de ambientes marinos y no representa riesgo sanitario. Sin embargo, V. metschnikovii puede estar presente en el pescado crudo y, por lo tanto, representa un peligro para la salud pública, así como también lo es SCN, que es un indicador de contaminación antropogénica.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45794497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Tamayo-Millán, M. Ahumada-Sempoal, Adriana A. Cortés-Gómez, Ivon Marcela Chacón-Romo Leroux, Dennis Bermúdez-Díaz, V. Islas-Villanueva
Several sightings of different pinniped species have been recorded outside their typical areas of distribution. In May 2019, pinniped yearlings were sighted on 4 occasions on the central coast of Oaxaca, Mexico. One of them was found injured in La Escobilla (Oaxaca, Mexico) and was transported immediately to the Centro Mexicano de la Tortuga for rehabilitation. Visual identification of the species was inconclusive, as young individuals of several fur seal species can be very similar. A molecular analysis was thus performed to confirm the species. DNA was extracted from the individual, and a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region was sequenced and aligned with several sequences of other fur seal species. A parsimony analysis was performed, and the tree revealed that the individual was a Galapagos fur seal, Arctocephalus galapagoensis. This is the first record of this species on the central coast of Oaxaca. The atypical presence of this species in the country could be related to high sea surface temperatures associated with events such as El Niño.
{"title":"Molecular identification of the first Galapagos fur seal (Arctocephalus galapagoensis) reported on the central coast of Oaxaca","authors":"C. Tamayo-Millán, M. Ahumada-Sempoal, Adriana A. Cortés-Gómez, Ivon Marcela Chacón-Romo Leroux, Dennis Bermúdez-Díaz, V. Islas-Villanueva","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i3.3184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i3.3184","url":null,"abstract":"Several sightings of different pinniped species have been recorded outside their typical areas of distribution. In May 2019, pinniped yearlings were sighted on 4 occasions on the central coast of Oaxaca, Mexico. One of them was found injured in La Escobilla (Oaxaca, Mexico) and was transported immediately to the Centro Mexicano de la Tortuga for rehabilitation. Visual identification of the species was inconclusive, as young individuals of several fur seal species can be very similar. A molecular analysis was thus performed to confirm the species. DNA was extracted from the individual, and a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region was sequenced and aligned with several sequences of other fur seal species. A parsimony analysis was performed, and the tree revealed that the individual was a Galapagos fur seal, Arctocephalus galapagoensis. This is the first record of this species on the central coast of Oaxaca. The atypical presence of this species in the country could be related to high sea surface temperatures associated with events such as El Niño.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44825396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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