J. Padilla-Serrato, M. O. Nevárez-Martínez, D. Arizmendi-Rodríguez, Carlos Hiram Rábago-Quiroz, Alejandro Valdez-Pelayo
Se analizaron aspectos biológicos, talla, peso e indicadores reproductivos, del calamar dedal. Se analizaron 2,354 individuos capturados en 7 cruceros de pesca exploratoria y en muestreos de 5 bahías en el golfo de California de 2014 a 2017. Los individuos se agruparon en 2 sistemas: frentes costeros (programas de crucero Calamar gigante, Camarón, Merluza y Pelágicos menores) y lagunas costeras (bahías de Agiabampo, Yavaros, Tóbari, Lobos y Las Guásimas). En los frentes costeros se capturaron 1,687 individuos (44.2% hembras, 25.7% machos y 30.1% indeterminados) y en las lagunas costeras, 667 individuos (59.7% hembras, 36.7% machos y 3.6%indeterminados), y las hembras fueron las de mayor abundancia en ambos ecosistemas. Las hembras dominaron en tallas >60 mm de longitud de manto (LM) y los machos, en tallas >60 mm de longitud de manto (LM) y los machos, en tallas <60mm de LM. El tipo de crecimiento fue alométrico negativo para ambos sexos (b = 2.59). La talla promedio de primera madurez (LM50) indicó que las hembras maduran a longitudes mayores que los machos. La frecuencia de los estadios de desarrollo gonádico por sistema mostró que las fases inmaduras en ambos sexos fueron las más frecuentes. La proporción sexual fue 1.7H:1.0M. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, podemos concluir que el calamar dedal habita ambos sistemas, los frentes costeros y las lagunas costeras, donde los machos maduros parchan a las hembras inmaduras en las lagunas costeras y estas migran a los frentes costeros para madurar y desovar.
{"title":"Aspectos biológicos y uso de hábitat del calamar dedal, Lolliguncula panamensis, capturado en el golfo de California","authors":"J. Padilla-Serrato, M. O. Nevárez-Martínez, D. Arizmendi-Rodríguez, Carlos Hiram Rábago-Quiroz, Alejandro Valdez-Pelayo","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i3.3143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i3.3143","url":null,"abstract":"Se analizaron aspectos biológicos, talla, peso e indicadores reproductivos, del calamar dedal. Se analizaron 2,354 individuos capturados en 7 cruceros de pesca exploratoria y en muestreos de 5 bahías en el golfo de California de 2014 a 2017. Los individuos se agruparon en 2 sistemas: frentes costeros (programas de crucero Calamar gigante, Camarón, Merluza y Pelágicos menores) y lagunas costeras (bahías de Agiabampo, Yavaros, Tóbari, Lobos y Las Guásimas). En los frentes costeros se capturaron 1,687 individuos (44.2% hembras, 25.7% machos y 30.1% indeterminados) y en las lagunas costeras, 667 individuos (59.7% hembras, 36.7% machos y 3.6%indeterminados), y las hembras fueron las de mayor abundancia en ambos ecosistemas. Las hembras dominaron en tallas >60 mm de longitud de manto (LM) y los machos, en tallas >60 mm de longitud de manto (LM) y los machos, en tallas <60mm de LM. El tipo de crecimiento fue alométrico negativo para ambos sexos (b = 2.59). La talla promedio de primera madurez (LM50) indicó que las hembras maduran a longitudes mayores que los machos. La frecuencia de los estadios de desarrollo gonádico por sistema mostró que las fases inmaduras en ambos sexos fueron las más frecuentes. La proporción sexual fue 1.7H:1.0M. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, podemos concluir que el calamar dedal habita ambos sistemas, los frentes costeros y las lagunas costeras, donde los machos maduros parchan a las hembras inmaduras en las lagunas costeras y estas migran a los frentes costeros para madurar y desovar.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43731455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ismael Mendoza-Avilés, Carla A Muñoz-Rojas, Mario Rojas, Norma Estrada
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is an accurate, sensitive, rapid, and easy-to-perform method for gene amplification under isothermal conditions, and it has served as a powerful diagnostic tool. In this study, we used LAMP to develop a diagnostic protocol for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus in whiteleg shrimp, and Perkinsus spp. in Crassostrea spp. in Mexico. These pathogens are associated with different diseases and are considered a threat in the aquaculture industry. Infected and uninfected oysters and shrimp were obtained from farms in the northwest coast of Mexico to standardize the LAMP assay. We determined the candidate target genes in the first-round analysis of many sets of primers, and then we chose a set of primers that successfully amplified with Mexican samples. We optimized the LAMP reactions for each pathogen with the chosen primer sets using temperature gradients from 61 to 65 ºC, DNA concentrations from 2.5 pg to 250.0 ng, and reaction times from 10 to 60 min. This study established a diagnostic procedure for detecting pathogens in oysters and shrimp from Mexico. Early diagnosis and treatment of pathogens can immensely reduce disease transmission in aquaculture farms.
{"title":"Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for diagnosing marine pathogens in tissues of Crassostrea spp. and white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, farmed in Mexico","authors":"Ismael Mendoza-Avilés, Carla A Muñoz-Rojas, Mario Rojas, Norma Estrada","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i4.3095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i4.3095","url":null,"abstract":"Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is an accurate, sensitive, rapid, and easy-to-perform method for gene amplification under isothermal conditions, and it has served as a powerful diagnostic tool. In this study, we used LAMP to develop a diagnostic protocol for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus in whiteleg shrimp, and Perkinsus spp. in Crassostrea spp. in Mexico. These pathogens are associated with different diseases and are considered a threat in the aquaculture industry. Infected and uninfected oysters and shrimp were obtained from farms in the northwest coast of Mexico to standardize the LAMP assay. We determined the candidate target genes in the first-round analysis of many sets of primers, and then we chose a set of primers that successfully amplified with Mexican samples. We optimized the LAMP reactions for each pathogen with the chosen primer sets using temperature gradients from 61 to 65 ºC, DNA concentrations from 2.5 pg to 250.0 ng, and reaction times from 10 to 60 min. This study established a diagnostic procedure for detecting pathogens in oysters and shrimp from Mexico. Early diagnosis and treatment of pathogens can immensely reduce disease transmission in aquaculture farms.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43192496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. G. Juárez-Hernández, M. Tapia-García, José Martín Ramírez-Gutiérrez
La degradación progresiva de los ecosistemas coralinos hace necesaria la elaboración de inventarios bióticos y la cuantificación de la biodiversidad para el desarrollo y la aplicación de estrategias de conservación y manejo. Acorde a lo anterior, el presente estudio describe la composición, la estructura y la variación espaciotemporal de la comunidad íctica de la bahía Maguey. Se realizaron 47 transectos mediante la técnica de censos visuales entre enero de 2005 y mayo de 2006. Se identificaron 60 especies, 47 géneros y 29 familias. Temporalmente, la composición y estructura íctica no presentó diferenciación (análisis de similitud = 0.034, P = 0.163); sin embargo, la mayor abundancia se presentó en la época de secas, y el mayor número de especies y la mayor diversidad se presentaron en la época de lluvias. Espacialmente, hubo diferencias en la composición y estructura íctica (análisis de similitud = 0.310, P = 0.001), así como en la abundancia, el número de especies y la diversidad. La abundancia, la riqueza de especies y la diversidad estuvieron relacionadas con los atributos del hábitat (diversidad del sustrato, cobertura coralina, profundidad y exposición al oleaje). Esta contribución incrementa la información existente de la ictiofauna de esta bahía y, al ser precedente a los disturbios acontecidos en esta localidad, se espera que sea funcional para análisis que revelen la magnitud y la dirección de los cambios en la comunidad íctica.
{"title":"Ictiofauna de la bahía Maguey, Oaxaca, México, y su relación con la estructura del hábitat","authors":"L. G. Juárez-Hernández, M. Tapia-García, José Martín Ramírez-Gutiérrez","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i4.3235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i4.3235","url":null,"abstract":"La degradación progresiva de los ecosistemas coralinos hace necesaria la elaboración de inventarios bióticos y la cuantificación de la biodiversidad para el desarrollo y la aplicación de estrategias de conservación y manejo. Acorde a lo anterior, el presente estudio describe la composición, la estructura y la variación espaciotemporal de la comunidad íctica de la bahía Maguey. Se realizaron 47 transectos mediante la técnica de censos visuales entre enero de 2005 y mayo de 2006. Se identificaron 60 especies, 47 géneros y 29 familias. Temporalmente, la composición y estructura íctica no presentó diferenciación (análisis de similitud = 0.034, P = 0.163); sin embargo, la mayor abundancia se presentó en la época de secas, y el mayor número de especies y la mayor diversidad se presentaron en la época de lluvias. Espacialmente, hubo diferencias en la composición y estructura íctica (análisis de similitud = 0.310, P = 0.001), así como en la abundancia, el número de especies y la diversidad. La abundancia, la riqueza de especies y la diversidad estuvieron relacionadas con los atributos del hábitat (diversidad del sustrato, cobertura coralina, profundidad y exposición al oleaje). Esta contribución incrementa la información existente de la ictiofauna de esta bahía y, al ser precedente a los disturbios acontecidos en esta localidad, se espera que sea funcional para análisis que revelen la magnitud y la dirección de los cambios en la comunidad íctica.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41361402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venezuelan oil exploration and exploitation activities have been taking place since the 18th century. These long-term activities are closely related to heavy metal contamination because of the increasing input of toxic pollutants. Variations in heavy metal concentrations can cause, among other things, changes in metal distribution patterns, alterations in biogeochemical cycles, and increments in environmental and biological risks. The need for a complete baseline on heavy metal concentrations along the Venezuelan coast is critical. For this reason, we present the concentrations, distribution, and degree of contamination of 9 heavy metals (barium, mercury, copper, nickel, chromium, cadmium, zinc, lead, and vanadium) in marine sediments along the Venezuelan coast. We used the enrichment factor, the geoaccumulation index, and the mean effects range median quotients to evaluate the degree of contamination, comparing areas with and without intervention. Our results indicate that higher concentrations of these heavy metals are associated with places with greater anthropic activity, especially on the central and eastern coasts of Venezuela. Only cadmium showed extremely severe enrichment and a high degree of contamination. The biohazard potential was between 12% and 30% and was primarily associated with locations having high oil activity, which suggests that these places must be monitored, given the potential hazard they represent. This work encompasses the distribution and concentration of 9 heavy metals along the Venezuelan coast and takes relevance as a baseline for heavy metal concentrations and pollution indicators in marine sediments for Venezuela and the Caribbean.
{"title":"Heavy metals in Venezuelan marine sediments: concentrations, degree of contamination, and distribution","authors":"R. Ramos, Alejandra Verde, Elia M García","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i3.3124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i3.3124","url":null,"abstract":"Venezuelan oil exploration and exploitation activities have been taking place since the 18th century. These long-term activities are closely related to heavy metal contamination because of the increasing input of toxic pollutants. Variations in heavy metal concentrations can cause, among other things, changes in metal distribution patterns, alterations in biogeochemical cycles, and increments in environmental and biological risks. The need for a complete baseline on heavy metal concentrations along the Venezuelan coast is critical. For this reason, we present the concentrations, distribution, and degree of contamination of 9 heavy metals (barium, mercury, copper, nickel, chromium, cadmium, zinc, lead, and vanadium) in marine sediments along the Venezuelan coast. We used the enrichment factor, the geoaccumulation index, and the mean effects range median quotients to evaluate the degree of contamination, comparing areas with and without intervention. Our results indicate that higher concentrations of these heavy metals are associated with places with greater anthropic activity, especially on the central and eastern coasts of Venezuela. Only cadmium showed extremely severe enrichment and a high degree of contamination. The biohazard potential was between 12% and 30% and was primarily associated with locations having high oil activity, which suggests that these places must be monitored, given the potential hazard they represent. This work encompasses the distribution and concentration of 9 heavy metals along the Venezuelan coast and takes relevance as a baseline for heavy metal concentrations and pollution indicators in marine sediments for Venezuela and the Caribbean.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44362745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Flores, Nelly González, Arlen Bravo, Brenda Mora-Sánchez, Dayana Torres, William Jirón, Jessica Sheleby-Elías, J. L. Balcázar
El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar bacterias patógenas en peces procedentes de 4 comunidades en la costa del Pacífico en el occidente de Nicaragua. Se recolectaron 62 peces para realizar el análisis microbiológico a partir de muestras de músculo, las cuales fueron inoculadas en agar tiosulfato citrato bilis sacarosa y agar tripticasa de soja. La identificación bacteriana se realizó mediante pruebas bioquímicas y de tolerancia a diferentes concentraciones de NaCl, y para determinar la resistencia bacteriana, se empleó el método Kirby-Bauer. Los resultados mostraron presencia de Vibrio metschnikovii en un 30.64% (IC 95%: 18.36–42.92) de las muestras de peces, mientras que Salinivibrio costicola fue detectada en un 22.58% (IC 95%: 11.37–33.79) de las muestras. Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa (SCN) fue detectada en un 82.30% (IC 95%: 71.94–92.57) de las muestras. Especies del género Vibrio fueron detectadas a una concentración de 3.9 × 103 UFC·g–1 en las muestras de peces de la comunidad Las Peñitas y de 2.52 × 103 UFC·g–1 en las de Poneloya, y estos valores fueron significativamente mayores (P = 0.003) que aquellos encontrados para las muestras de El Tránsito (5.25 × 102 UFC·g–1). Además, el 100% de las cepas de V. metschnikovii y S. costicola fueron resistentes a amoxicilina/ácido clavulánico y sensibles a ciprofloxacina. La carga bacteriana de S. costicola es propia de ambientes marinos y no representa riesgo sanitario. Sin embargo, V. metschnikovii puede estar presente en el pescado crudo y, por lo tanto, representa un peligro para la salud pública, así como también lo es SCN, que es un indicador de contaminación antropogénica.
{"title":"Identificación de bacterias patógenas en peces capturados en el Pacífico frente a Nicaragua","authors":"B. Flores, Nelly González, Arlen Bravo, Brenda Mora-Sánchez, Dayana Torres, William Jirón, Jessica Sheleby-Elías, J. L. Balcázar","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i3.3212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i3.3212","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar bacterias patógenas en peces procedentes de 4 comunidades en la costa del Pacífico en el occidente de Nicaragua. Se recolectaron 62 peces para realizar el análisis microbiológico a partir de muestras de músculo, las cuales fueron inoculadas en agar tiosulfato citrato bilis sacarosa y agar tripticasa de soja. La identificación bacteriana se realizó mediante pruebas bioquímicas y de tolerancia a diferentes concentraciones de NaCl, y para determinar la resistencia bacteriana, se empleó el método Kirby-Bauer. Los resultados mostraron presencia de Vibrio metschnikovii en un 30.64% (IC 95%: 18.36–42.92) de las muestras de peces, mientras que Salinivibrio costicola fue detectada en un 22.58% (IC 95%: 11.37–33.79) de las muestras. Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa (SCN) fue detectada en un 82.30% (IC 95%: 71.94–92.57) de las muestras. Especies del género Vibrio fueron detectadas a una concentración de 3.9 × 103 UFC·g–1 en las muestras de peces de la comunidad Las Peñitas y de 2.52 × 103 UFC·g–1 en las de Poneloya, y estos valores fueron significativamente mayores (P = 0.003) que aquellos encontrados para las muestras de El Tránsito (5.25 × 102 UFC·g–1). Además, el 100% de las cepas de V. metschnikovii y S. costicola fueron resistentes a amoxicilina/ácido clavulánico y sensibles a ciprofloxacina. La carga bacteriana de S. costicola es propia de ambientes marinos y no representa riesgo sanitario. Sin embargo, V. metschnikovii puede estar presente en el pescado crudo y, por lo tanto, representa un peligro para la salud pública, así como también lo es SCN, que es un indicador de contaminación antropogénica.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45794497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Temperature is perhaps the most important seawater property. It is a measure of the energy content in the ocean and it affects the metabolic rates, distribution, and abundance of species that are important from the economic and ecological points of view. Satellite-derived oceanographic data have been widely used to assess spatiotemporal variations of sea surface temperature on broad scales; satellites, however, are unable to reach subsurface levels, and obtaining reliable subsurface water temperature data is achieved by either numerical modeling or direct observations, the latter representing a very high-cost alternative. In this paper, a method for modeling temperature profiles is presented. A generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) with a gamma error distribution and an inverse link function was used to model shallow (200 m) temperature profiles in the Pacific Ocean off northwestern Mexico. The dataset included 656 profiles that were linearly interpolated at depth, which resulted in 127,595 observations. The database covered an area from 18.5º to 25.8ºN and from –114.5º to –105.9ºW in a time span from June 2007 to November 2016. The model included temperature as response variable; depth, surface dynamic topography, wind stress curl, latitude, longitude, and the Oceanic Niño Index as covariates; and month as random effect. The final model explained 86% of the total deviance of the dataset used to fit the GAMM. Although important deviations between the observations and the predictions of the model were observed, the results of the validation process and of predictions made on an independent dataset (correlation of observed vs. predicted temperature, 0.93; root-mean-square error, 1.5 ºC) were comparable to the results obtained with more complex modeling techniques, suggesting that this statistical approach is a valuable tool for modeling oceanographic data.
{"title":"A statistical approach for modeling shallow (<200 m) temperature profiles in the Pacific Ocean off northwestern Mexico","authors":"Emigdio Marín-Enríquez","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i3.3027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i3.3027","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature is perhaps the most important seawater property. It is a measure of the energy content in the ocean and it affects the metabolic rates, distribution, and abundance of species that are important from the economic and ecological points of view. Satellite-derived oceanographic data have been widely used to assess spatiotemporal variations of sea surface temperature on broad scales; satellites, however, are unable to reach subsurface levels, and obtaining reliable subsurface water temperature data is achieved by either numerical modeling or direct observations, the latter representing a very high-cost alternative. In this paper, a method for modeling temperature profiles is presented. A generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) with a gamma error distribution and an inverse link function was used to model shallow (200 m) temperature profiles in the Pacific Ocean off northwestern Mexico. The dataset included 656 profiles that were linearly interpolated at depth, which resulted in 127,595 observations. The database covered an area from 18.5º to 25.8ºN and from –114.5º to –105.9ºW in a time span from June 2007 to November 2016. The model included temperature as response variable; depth, surface dynamic topography, wind stress curl, latitude, longitude, and the Oceanic Niño Index as covariates; and month as random effect. The final model explained 86% of the total deviance of the dataset used to fit the GAMM. Although important deviations between the observations and the predictions of the model were observed, the results of the validation process and of predictions made on an independent dataset (correlation of observed vs. predicted temperature, 0.93; root-mean-square error, 1.5 ºC) were comparable to the results obtained with more complex modeling techniques, suggesting that this statistical approach is a valuable tool for modeling oceanographic data.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46111896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Tamayo-Millán, M. Ahumada-Sempoal, Adriana A. Cortés-Gómez, Ivon Marcela Chacón-Romo Leroux, Dennis Bermúdez-Díaz, V. Islas-Villanueva
Several sightings of different pinniped species have been recorded outside their typical areas of distribution. In May 2019, pinniped yearlings were sighted on 4 occasions on the central coast of Oaxaca, Mexico. One of them was found injured in La Escobilla (Oaxaca, Mexico) and was transported immediately to the Centro Mexicano de la Tortuga for rehabilitation. Visual identification of the species was inconclusive, as young individuals of several fur seal species can be very similar. A molecular analysis was thus performed to confirm the species. DNA was extracted from the individual, and a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region was sequenced and aligned with several sequences of other fur seal species. A parsimony analysis was performed, and the tree revealed that the individual was a Galapagos fur seal, Arctocephalus galapagoensis. This is the first record of this species on the central coast of Oaxaca. The atypical presence of this species in the country could be related to high sea surface temperatures associated with events such as El Niño.
{"title":"Molecular identification of the first Galapagos fur seal (Arctocephalus galapagoensis) reported on the central coast of Oaxaca","authors":"C. Tamayo-Millán, M. Ahumada-Sempoal, Adriana A. Cortés-Gómez, Ivon Marcela Chacón-Romo Leroux, Dennis Bermúdez-Díaz, V. Islas-Villanueva","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i3.3184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i3.3184","url":null,"abstract":"Several sightings of different pinniped species have been recorded outside their typical areas of distribution. In May 2019, pinniped yearlings were sighted on 4 occasions on the central coast of Oaxaca, Mexico. One of them was found injured in La Escobilla (Oaxaca, Mexico) and was transported immediately to the Centro Mexicano de la Tortuga for rehabilitation. Visual identification of the species was inconclusive, as young individuals of several fur seal species can be very similar. A molecular analysis was thus performed to confirm the species. DNA was extracted from the individual, and a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region was sequenced and aligned with several sequences of other fur seal species. A parsimony analysis was performed, and the tree revealed that the individual was a Galapagos fur seal, Arctocephalus galapagoensis. This is the first record of this species on the central coast of Oaxaca. The atypical presence of this species in the country could be related to high sea surface temperatures associated with events such as El Niño.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44825396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin A González-Falfán, C. Guerrero-Barajas, J. Badillo-Corona, L. Fernández-Linares
Growth comparisons were made between a microalgal consortium and Scenedesmus sp. cultivated in treated wastewater (TWw) enriched with 1 mL·L–1 Bayfolan Forte fertilizer (BM), TWw enriched with (NH4)2HPO4 (PAM), TWw enriched with NH4HCO3 (BCAM), tap water with piggery wastewater (PEM), tap water with piggery wastewater digestate (PDM), and raw wastewater (Ww). Nitrogen (N) content in the media, except for TWw, was adjusted to 80 mg·L–1 N (NH4+-N and NO3–-N). Unconventional low-cost media with lower nutrient contents (BM and TWw) showed adequate productions of biomass and lipids. PEM was the most advantageous medium, showing the highest biomass productivity with the consortium (191.25 ± 6.25 g·L–1·d–1) and a lipid productivity of 36.75 ± 9.90 mg·L–1·d–1. The fatty acid profile was composed mainly of C16 and C18. PAM, PEM, and PDM showed a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids (60%–69%), whereas the composition of unsaturated fatty acids was in the range of 31% to 38%. In PEM and PDM the removal of NH4+ was 100%; however, there were NH4+ losses (as NH3) due to volatilization (46%). Unconventional media, especially Ww, are an option for growing microalgae.
{"title":"Production of metabolites from Scenedesmus sp. and a microalgal consortium cultured in unconventional media","authors":"Kevin A González-Falfán, C. Guerrero-Barajas, J. Badillo-Corona, L. Fernández-Linares","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i2.3138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i2.3138","url":null,"abstract":"Growth comparisons were made between a microalgal consortium and Scenedesmus sp. cultivated in treated wastewater (TWw) enriched with 1 mL·L–1 Bayfolan Forte fertilizer (BM), TWw enriched with (NH4)2HPO4 (PAM), TWw enriched with NH4HCO3 (BCAM), tap water with piggery wastewater (PEM), tap water with piggery wastewater digestate (PDM), and raw wastewater (Ww). Nitrogen (N) content in the media, except for TWw, was adjusted to 80 mg·L–1 N (NH4+-N and NO3–-N). Unconventional low-cost media with lower nutrient contents (BM and TWw) showed adequate productions of biomass and lipids. PEM was the most advantageous medium, showing the highest biomass productivity with the consortium (191.25 ± 6.25 g·L–1·d–1) and a lipid productivity of 36.75 ± 9.90 mg·L–1·d–1. The fatty acid profile was composed mainly of C16 and C18. PAM, PEM, and PDM showed a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids (60%–69%), whereas the composition of unsaturated fatty acids was in the range of 31% to 38%. In PEM and PDM the removal of NH4+ was 100%; however, there were NH4+ losses (as NH3) due to volatilization (46%). Unconventional media, especially Ww, are an option for growing microalgae.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45083315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pamela Molina-Salgado, J. Alfaro‐Shigueto, Adriana González-Pestana
Batoids are among the least studied group of vertebrates and one of the most vulnerable to fishing. The rasptail skate, Rostroraja velezi, is a bycatch species in northern Peru for which there are no studies on its diet. This research aims to document the diet of R. velezi on the northern Peruvian coast and to determine if there are sex-based differences in the diet. A total of 74 R. velezi stomachs were collected, 59 of which had stomach contents. The cumulative prey curve showed reliability in the number of samples collected. According to the prey-specific index of relative importance, diet was dominated by Acanthephyra sp. (31%), other unidentified Caridea (15%), and unidentified teleosts (17%). A low significant difference in diet between sexes was found (R = 0.21, P < 0.01). The trophic position of R. velezi was 3.9 ± 0.7. This species displays bentopelagic feeding behavior and it is a secondary predator in northern Peru.
{"title":"Diet of the rasptail skate, Rostroraja velezi (Rajiformes: Rajidae), off Piura, Peru","authors":"Pamela Molina-Salgado, J. Alfaro‐Shigueto, Adriana González-Pestana","doi":"10.7773/cm.v47i2.3132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i2.3132","url":null,"abstract":"Batoids are among the least studied group of vertebrates and one of the most vulnerable to fishing. The rasptail skate, Rostroraja velezi, is a bycatch species in northern Peru for which there are no studies on its diet. This research aims to document the diet of R. velezi on the northern Peruvian coast and to determine if there are sex-based differences in the diet. A total of 74 R. velezi stomachs were collected, 59 of which had stomach contents. The cumulative prey curve showed reliability in the number of samples collected. According to the prey-specific index of relative importance, diet was dominated by Acanthephyra sp. (31%), other unidentified Caridea (15%), and unidentified teleosts (17%). A low significant difference in diet between sexes was found (R = 0.21, P < 0.01). The trophic position of R. velezi was 3.9 ± 0.7. This species displays bentopelagic feeding behavior and it is a secondary predator in northern Peru.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47180257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sea turtles depend on ambient temperature to carry out their main activities, so changes in water temperature can affect the function of their immune system and represent different threats. To assess vital signs in black sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Ojo de Liebre lagoon complex, Mexico, 600 turtles were examined. Carapace, plastron, and left inguinal area temperatures were measured with a digital infrared thermometer gun. Cloacal temperature was measured with an electronic thermometer. Heart rate was recorded using a stethoscope. Statistical analyses found no significant variation between inguinal area and cloacal temperatures. Vital sign measurements were compared with previous reports in the region, and there were differences in body temperatures, which were attributed to the characteristics of the water masses inhabited by the turtles. There was no significant difference between heart rate data for black sea turtles in this study and previously reported data for healthy sea turtles in the region, indicating that these data are likely an accurate representation for the species. All values fell within the reference intervals for healthy sea turtles. This minimally invasive diagnostic approach using vital signs allowed us to evaluate and infer core organ functions and to rule out health threats such as cold-stunning, resulting in a useful preliminary systemic assessment of freeranging sea turtles.
海龟的主要活动依赖于环境温度，因此水温的变化会影响其免疫系统的功能，并代表不同的威胁。为了评估墨西哥Ojo de Liebre泻湖复合体中黑海龟（Chelonia mydas）的生命体征，对600只海龟进行了检查。用数字红外体温计枪测量Carapace、plastron和左腹股沟区的温度。用电子温度计测量阴沟温度。用听诊器记录心率。统计分析发现腹股沟区和阴沟温度之间没有显著差异。生命体征测量结果与该地区以前的报告进行了比较，体温存在差异，这归因于海龟居住的水团的特征。这项研究中黑海龟的心率数据与之前报道的该地区健康海龟的数据之间没有显著差异，这表明这些数据可能是该物种的准确代表。所有数值均在健康海龟的参考区间内。这种利用生命体征的微创诊断方法使我们能够评估和推断核心器官功能，并排除冷晕等健康威胁，从而对自由放养的海龟进行了有用的初步系统评估。
{"title":"Comparison of body temperature and heart rate in sea turtles from Baja California Sur, Mexico","authors":"Helena Fernández-Sanz, Eduardo Reséndiz","doi":"10.7773/CM.V47I2.3187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7773/CM.V47I2.3187","url":null,"abstract":"Sea turtles depend on ambient temperature to carry out their main activities, so changes in water temperature can affect the function of their immune system and represent different threats. To assess vital signs in black sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Ojo de Liebre lagoon complex, Mexico, 600 turtles were examined. Carapace, plastron, and left inguinal area temperatures were measured with a digital infrared thermometer gun. Cloacal temperature was measured with an electronic thermometer. Heart rate was recorded using a stethoscope. Statistical analyses found no significant variation between inguinal area and cloacal temperatures. Vital sign measurements were compared with previous reports in the region, and there were differences in body temperatures, which were attributed to the characteristics of the water masses inhabited by the turtles. There was no significant difference between heart rate data for black sea turtles in this study and previously reported data for healthy sea turtles in the region, indicating that these data are likely an accurate representation for the species. All values fell within the reference intervals for healthy sea turtles. This minimally invasive diagnostic approach using vital signs allowed us to evaluate and infer core organ functions and to rule out health threats such as cold-stunning, resulting in a useful preliminary systemic assessment of freeranging sea turtles.","PeriodicalId":50702,"journal":{"name":"Ciencias Marinas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49554545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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