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Is it possible to promote executive functions in university students? Evidence of effectiveness of the πFEx-Academics. 有可能促进大学生的执行功能吗?πFEx-Academics的有效性证据。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2109971
Natália Martins Dias, Bruna Martins Ávila, David Mesquita da Costa, Caroline Oliveira Cardoso, Rochele Paz Fonseca

Executive functions (EF) impact the success of university students. These skills appear to have a predictive role in academic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention program in EF aimed at university students, the πFex-Academics, seeking to verify whether there are gains in EF, a reduction in inattention and hyperactivity indicators and a transfer to reading comprehension. Participants were two professors and their respective classes, totaling 129 students. The classes were divided into: experimental group (EG) (n = 66) and control group (CG) (n = 63). All students underwent a pre- and post-intervention assessment. The program implementation process was mediated by the EG professor. Although no direct gains were identified in the indices of EF difficulties, greater gains in the EG were verified in the hyperactivity/impulsivity and reading comprehension indices, when compared to the CG. These findings are promising, demonstrating the first evidence of the effectiveness of the πFex-Academics. The incorporation of interventions into the university context can provide various benefits for students, with improved behavior and written language processing, necessary for the best possible academic success. Activities of EF mediation for higher education learning can be incorporated into extension courses or the curriculum of university courses.

执行功能(EF)影响着大学生的成功。这些技能似乎对学习成绩有预测作用。本研究的目的是调查针对大学生的执行功能干预项目πFex-Academics的效果,以验证执行功能是否有所提高,注意力不集中和多动指标是否有所下降,以及对阅读理解能力的影响。参与者为两位教授及其各自的班级,共 129 名学生。班级分为:实验组(EG)(66 人)和对照组(CG)(63 人)。所有学生都接受了干预前后的评估。计划实施过程由 EG 教授进行调解。虽然没有发现 EF 困难指数有直接的提高,但与对照组相比,EG 在多动/冲动和阅读理解指数方面的提高得到了证实。这些研究结果很有希望,首次证明了πFex-Academics 的有效性。在大学环境中采取干预措施,可以为学生带来各种益处,改善行为和书面语言处理能力,这是取得最佳学业成功的必要条件。可将针对高等教育学习的 EF 调解活动纳入扩展课程或大学课程。
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引用次数: 0
Correspondence of the Boston Naming Test and Multilingual Naming Test in identifying naming impairments in a geriatric cognitive disorders clinic. 波士顿命名测试和多语言命名测试在老年认知障碍门诊中识别命名障碍的对应性。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2130318
Paulina V Devora, Kerry O'Mahar, Sarah M Karboski, Jared F Benge, Robin C Hilsabeck

Confrontation naming measures are commonly used for both diagnostic and clinical research purposes in populations of known or suspected neurodegenerative disorders. The Boston Naming Test (BNT) is the most widely used measure of confrontation naming but has been criticized for outdated and culturally biased content. A new naming measure, the Multilingual Naming Test (MiNT), has been developed that may address these limitations, but research regarding its validity and diagnostic performance relative to existing instruments is limited. The current study examined how the BNT and MiNT performed in a sample of older adults evaluated in an interprofessional memory disorders clinic. Eighty-six individuals (50.0% women) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The average age of participants was 74.2 years (SD = 7.7), and the average education was 16.7 years (SD = 2.5). Most participants were non-Hispanic White (94.2%), and the remaining participants were Hispanic or Black. All participants completed a comprehensive evaluation in English and were administered both the BNT and the MiNT. The strength of agreement as indexed by CCC (.67) was modest for the sample as a whole. Eighty-seven-point five percent classification agreement for impaired vs. normal naming performance was obtained. Eleven cases showed disagreement between BNT and MiNT classification of impairment, with seven of these being borderline score cases. Overall, the results suggest that the MiNT performs similarly at the identification of naming impairments as the BNT, though performance may diverge across different diagnostic groups and may be influenced by age.

对抗性命名测量通常用于已知或疑似神经退行性疾病人群的诊断和临床研究。波士顿命名测验(BNT)是最广泛使用的对抗命名测量方法,但因其内容过时且带有文化偏见而饱受批评。一种新的命名测量方法--多语言命名测验(MiNT)已经开发出来,可以解决这些局限性,但有关其有效性和相对于现有工具的诊断性能的研究还很有限。本研究考察了 BNT 和 MiNT 在接受跨专业记忆障碍诊所评估的老年人样本中的表现。有 86 人(50.0% 为女性)符合纳入标准并被纳入研究。参与者的平均年龄为 74.2 岁(SD = 7.7),平均受教育年限为 16.7 年(SD = 2.5)。大多数参与者为非西班牙裔白人(94.2%),其余参与者为西班牙裔或黑人。所有参与者都用英语完成了综合评估,并同时接受了 BNT 和 MiNT 测试。就整个样本而言,以 CCC(0.67)为指标的一致性强度并不高。命名能力受损与正常的分类一致性为 87.5%。有 11 个病例显示 BNT 和 MiNT 的障碍分类不一致,其中 7 个病例为边缘分数病例。总体而言,结果表明 MiNT 在识别命名障碍方面的表现与 BNT 相似,但在不同的诊断组别中表现可能会有差异,而且可能会受到年龄的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis phenotypes: Neuropsychological assessment in a portuguese sample. 多发性硬化症表型中的认知障碍:葡萄牙样本的神经心理学评估。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2112681
Cláudia Sousa, Teresa Jacques, Maria José Sá, Rui A Alves

Background: Cognitive impairment affects 40-65% of MS patients, encompassing all disease stages and types of clinical courses. This estimation is based on different instruments used and population normative data.

Objective: This study aims to assess the cognitive function in a hospital-based cohort of Portuguese MS patients, to allow estimating the prevalence of cognitive impairment in different phenotypes.

Methods: Three hundred and thirteen patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) underwent neuropsychological assessment with the brief repeatable battery of neuropsychological tests (BRBN-T) and the brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS).

Results: Differences were observed in the cognitive impairment profile of different disease phenotypes and of the different disease severity stages. RRMS patients performed better in the cognitive test of the BRBN-T and BICAMS than those with progressive disease phenotypes. Relationships between cognitive impairment and disability and professional status were relevant. Although similarities could be observed in the cognitive profile of the MS phenotypes, with predominant involvement of verbal memory, verbal fluency, and information processing speed, the latter was found to be more frequent as the disease progressed.

Conclusion: This study contributes to improve knowledge about the cognitive profile of the different MS phenotypes and understand the cognitive characteristics of Portuguese patients.

背景:40%-65%的多发性硬化症患者存在认知障碍,包括所有疾病阶段和临床病程类型。这一估计基于不同的工具和人群常模数据:本研究旨在评估葡萄牙多发性硬化症患者医院队列中的认知功能,以估计不同表型的认知功能障碍患病率:313名多发性硬化症(MS)患者接受了神经心理学评估,包括简短可重复神经心理学测试(BRBN-T)和简短多发性硬化症国际认知评估(BICAMS):结果发现,不同疾病表型和不同疾病严重程度阶段的患者在认知障碍方面存在差异。RRMS患者在BRBN-T和BICAMS认知测试中的表现优于进展期患者。认知障碍与残疾和职业状况之间存在相关性。虽然可以观察到多发性硬化症表型的认知概况具有相似性,主要涉及言语记忆、言语流畅性和信息处理速度,但随着病情的进展,后者的出现频率更高:这项研究有助于提高人们对不同多发性硬化症表型的认知概况的认识,并了解葡萄牙患者的认知特点。
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引用次数: 0
Computer-assisted training of executive functions in adult patients with non-progressive acquired brain damage - a pilot study on efficacy of a new therapeutic application. 非进行性后天性脑损伤成年患者的执行功能计算机辅助训练--一项关于新治疗应用疗效的试点研究。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2114354
Katarzyna Ewa Polanowska, Szczepan Iwański, Marcin Maciej Leśniak, Joanna Seniów

Executive dysfunction is most often caused by post-traumatic or post-stroke damage to the prefrontal regions of the brain. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two computer-assisted therapy programs for executive dysfunctions in patients with acquired brain injury. Patients were trained using either a newly developed application ExeSystem (designed to help improve the ability to manage and control one's own behavior by performing tasks imitating natural, everyday situations) or a combination of two commercial applications RehaCom and CogniPlus. Data collected after a three-week period of therapy conducted in two 15-person groups of participants indicated comparable efficacy of both therapy programs in improving quality of daily functioning, executive attention, as well as planning and problem-solving but not memory. The improvement in social competence (p = .028) was the only advantage of therapy with the ExeSystem. Therapeutic interactions using computer programs were shown to be positively evaluated by patients (p < .01). This study confirmed at least equal efficacy of computer-based executive function therapy using ExeSystem compared to RehaCom and CogniPlus. However, despite the implementation of a more ecological and comprehensive approach to the content of a new application, the benefits of this approach were limited.

执行功能障碍最常见的原因是创伤后或中风后大脑前额叶区域受损。本研究旨在比较两种计算机辅助治疗方案对后天性脑损伤患者执行功能障碍的疗效。患者使用新开发的应用程序 ExeSystem(旨在通过执行模仿自然、日常生活场景的任务来帮助提高管理和控制自身行为的能力)或两种商业应用程序 RehaCom 和 CogniPlus 的组合进行训练。在对两组 15 人的参与者进行为期三周的治疗后收集的数据显示,这两种治疗方案在提高日常功能质量、执行注意力以及计划和解决问题方面的效果相当,但在记忆力方面效果不佳。社交能力的提高(p = 0.028)是使用 ExeSystem 进行治疗的唯一优势。使用计算机程序进行的治疗互动得到了患者的积极评价(p < .01)。这项研究证实,与 RehaCom 和 CogniPlus 相比,使用 ExeSystem 进行基于计算机的执行功能治疗至少具有同等疗效。然而,尽管新应用软件的内容采用了更生态、更全面的方法,但这种方法的益处有限。
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引用次数: 0
Cognitive impairment in epilepsy patients and its correlations. 癫痫患者的认知障碍及其相关性。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-21 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2133606
Güven Arslan, Büşra Demir

Objective: Epilepsy is a severe disease in which seizures play the leading role. Striking clinical manifestations of the attacks take most of the attention of healthcare professionals. Apart from epilepsy itself, it is well known that epilepsy patients may also have psychiatric comorbidities. These disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are mostly thought to be related to epileptic seizures or antiepileptic medications. In clinical practice, cognitive impairment is another disrupted area of interest in epileptic patients. Our study aimed to detect this deterioration and its correlations with mood disorders and epileptic disease features such as seizure frequency and illness duration.

Materials and methods: After obtaining verbal and written consent, we enrolled 52 epilepsy patients in our study. A short demographic form indicating their gender, epileptic disease features, and medication usage information was completed for each patient. The Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen (QMCI) test, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (Ham-A), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were applied by an experienced psychologist. Abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging findings (e.g., encephalomalacia, large arachnoid cysts, a considerable amount of white matter gliotic lesions, neoplastic or vascular space-occupying lesions, hippocampal malformations), vitamin and electrolyte imbalances, other chronic diseases as well as thyroid dysfunction were considered as exclusion criteria since they might interfere with cognition. We excluded abnormalities to this extent because we wanted to acquire a homogenous sampling population without structural disadvantages. Thus, we could be able to determine slight changes in cognition properly.

Results: We found decreased cognitive scores directly proportional to lower education level, higher seizure frequency, longer disease duration, generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) type of seizure, and antiepileptic polytherapy. Also, complying with the literature, a high frequency of depression was found in our study group. Interestingly, decreased anxiety levels of the patients were statistically related to higher seizure frequency, which may indicate adaptive mechanisms to frequent seizures. Finally, a multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant negative impact of GTC type of seizure on cognition.

Conclusion: Epilepsy and epileptic seizures affect cognition negatively. Thus, newly diagnosed epilepsy patients should be assessed for cognitive status as soon as possible. This assessment will allow epileptologists to understand future deteriorations in their patients' cognition. In our study, it is shown that QMCI is an effective and practical way to assess the cognitive statuses of epilepsy patients.

目的:癫痫是一种严重疾病,发作是其主要特征。发作时惊人的临床表现是医护人员关注的焦点。众所周知,除了癫痫本身,癫痫患者还可能合并精神疾病。这些疾病,如焦虑症和抑郁症,大多被认为与癫痫发作或抗癫痫药物有关。在临床实践中,认知障碍是癫痫患者另一个值得关注的障碍领域。我们的研究旨在检测这种恶化及其与情绪障碍和癫痫疾病特征(如发作频率和病程)的相关性:在获得口头和书面同意后,我们招募了 52 名癫痫患者参与研究。每位患者都填写了一份简短的人口统计学表格,其中注明了他们的性别、癫痫疾病特征和用药信息。由经验丰富的心理学家对患者进行轻度认知障碍快速筛查(QMCI)测试、汉密尔顿焦虑评定量表(Ham-A)和医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)。异常脑磁共振成像结果(如脑畸形、巨大蛛网膜囊肿、大量白质胶质病变、肿瘤性或血管性占位性病变、海马畸形)、维生素和电解质失衡、其他慢性疾病以及甲状腺功能障碍均被视为排除标准,因为它们可能会干扰认知。我们之所以在这种程度上排除了异常情况,是因为我们希望获得一个没有结构性缺陷的同质抽样人群。因此,我们能够正确判断认知能力的细微变化:结果:我们发现,认知评分的下降与教育水平较低、癫痫发作频率较高、病程较长、全身强直阵挛(GTC)发作类型以及抗癫痫多药治疗成正比。此外,根据文献报道,我们的研究小组中抑郁症患者的比例也很高。有趣的是,从统计学角度看,患者焦虑水平的降低与癫痫发作频率的升高有关,这可能表明癫痫频繁发作的适应机制。最后,多变量回归分析显示,GTC 类型的癫痫发作对认知能力有显著的负面影响:结论:癫痫和癫痫发作对认知能力有负面影响。因此,应尽快对新诊断的癫痫患者进行认知状况评估。通过评估,癫痫专家可以了解患者认知能力未来的恶化情况。我们的研究表明,QMCI 是评估癫痫患者认知状况的一种有效而实用的方法。
{"title":"Cognitive impairment in epilepsy patients and its correlations.","authors":"Güven Arslan, Büşra Demir","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2133606","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2133606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Epilepsy is a severe disease in which seizures play the leading role. Striking clinical manifestations of the attacks take most of the attention of healthcare professionals. Apart from epilepsy itself, it is well known that epilepsy patients may also have psychiatric comorbidities. These disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are mostly thought to be related to epileptic seizures or antiepileptic medications. In clinical practice, cognitive impairment is another disrupted area of interest in epileptic patients. Our study aimed to detect this deterioration and its correlations with mood disorders and epileptic disease features such as seizure frequency and illness duration.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>After obtaining verbal and written consent, we enrolled 52 epilepsy patients in our study. A short demographic form indicating their gender, epileptic disease features, and medication usage information was completed for each patient. The Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen (QMCI) test, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (Ham-A), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were applied by an experienced psychologist. Abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging findings (e.g., encephalomalacia, large arachnoid cysts, a considerable amount of white matter gliotic lesions, neoplastic or vascular space-occupying lesions, hippocampal malformations), vitamin and electrolyte imbalances, other chronic diseases as well as thyroid dysfunction were considered as exclusion criteria since they might interfere with cognition. We excluded abnormalities to this extent because we wanted to acquire a homogenous sampling population without structural disadvantages. Thus, we could be able to determine slight changes in cognition properly.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found decreased cognitive scores directly proportional to lower education level, higher seizure frequency, longer disease duration, generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) type of seizure, and antiepileptic polytherapy. Also, complying with the literature, a high frequency of depression was found in our study group. Interestingly, decreased anxiety levels of the patients were statistically related to higher seizure frequency, which may indicate adaptive mechanisms to frequent seizures. Finally, a multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant negative impact of GTC type of seizure on cognition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Epilepsy and epileptic seizures affect cognition negatively. Thus, newly diagnosed epilepsy patients should be assessed for cognitive status as soon as possible. This assessment will allow epileptologists to understand future deteriorations in their patients' cognition. In our study, it is shown that QMCI is an effective and practical way to assess the cognitive statuses of epilepsy patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1405-1410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40648990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How does malingered PTSD affects continuous performance task performance? 创伤后应激障碍如何影响持续表现任务的表现?
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2115370
Sangil Lee, Dooyoung Jung

The purpose of this study was to determine how malingered PTSD behavior affects the performance of a continuous performance task (CPT). An analog trauma group, two malingering groups (with or without educational intervention), and a control group were organized according to simulation design. During the CPT, the numbers of errors and response time indicators along with post-error slowing (PES) and recovery (PER) process were measured. Results are as follows: First, the analog trauma group showed deficits of response inhibition and a higher level of PES compared to the control group. Second, malingered PTSD caused a significant number of errors, inconsistent performance, and no PES. Third, there was a significantly more impaired and inconsistent performance in the low level of knowledge of disability. Finally, a discriminant accuracy of more than 90% appeared in the discriminant analysis of all group comparison conditions. Taken together, the results of this study show that post-error behavior indicators are affected by malingered PTSD, and differences according to the degree of knowledge of PTSD can also be confirmed. These results are expected to be used as basic data for the development of tasks for the detection of malingerers in clinical scenes in the future.

本研究旨在确定罹患创伤后应激障碍的行为如何影响连续表现任务(CPT)的表现。根据模拟设计,组织了一个模拟创伤组、两个贻误行为组(有或没有教育干预)和一个对照组。在 CPT 过程中,测量了错误次数和反应时间指标,以及错误后减缓(PES)和恢复(PER)过程。结果如下:首先,与对照组相比,模拟创伤组表现出反应抑制缺陷和较高的 PES 水平。第二,创伤后应激障碍导致大量错误,表现不一致,没有 PES。第三,在对残疾的认知水平较低的情况下,表现受损和不一致的情况明显增多。最后,在所有分组比较条件的判别分析中,判别准确率都超过了 90%。综上所述,本研究结果表明,错误后行为指标会受到创伤后应激障碍的影响,而且创伤后应激障碍知识程度的不同也会造成差异。这些结果有望作为基础数据,用于今后开发在临床场景中检测恶意行为者的任务。
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引用次数: 0
The efficiency of activities of daily living (ADLs) skills in late adulthood: A mediational approach. 晚年日常生活活动(ADLs)技能的效率:中介方法。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2111261
Maria Chiara Fastame, Ilaria Mulas, Valeria Putzu, Gesuina Asoni, Daniela Viale, Irene Mameli, Massimiliano Pau

The term "Activities of Daily Living" (ADLs) refers to a set of fundamental tasks (i.e., toileting, bathing, personal care, eating, grooming, and getting dressed) considered necessary for living and being autonomous in everyday life. Although in the clinical setting ADLs efficiency is a marker to diagnose dementia, limited evidence on the mechanism implicating muscular function and cognitive alterations in ADLs skills in late adulthood exists. This study primarily intended to determine the extent to which executive functions mediate between muscular strength, as assessed through handgrip strength (HGS) measurement, and ADLs skills of older community-dwellers. A further goal was to explore the impact of gender and cognitive status on ADLs and HGS scores, using education as a covariate. Three hundred and thirty-four older participants, 199 females and 135 males (Mage = 77.5 years, SD = 5.6 years, age range = 63-93 years) completed a battery of tests assessing ADLs, HGS, and executive functions. The results showed that 34-56% of the variance in the ADLs condition was explained by HGS and executive functioning. Furthermore, cognitively healthy participants exhibited better ADLs skills, whereas cognitively impaired individuals, both males and females, exhibited poorer HGS efficiency. In conclusion, in clinical settings, the concurrent evaluation of ADLs skills, motor, and higher-order cognitive processes should be encouraged to detect individuals needing a person-tailored intervention to boost their quality of life.

日常生活活动"(ADLs)指的是一系列被认为是日常生活和自主生活所必需的基本任务(即如厕、洗澡、个人护理、进食、梳洗和穿衣)。虽然在临床环境中,ADLs 效率是诊断痴呆症的一个标志,但有关成年晚期肌肉功能和认知改变对 ADLs 技能的影响机制的证据却很有限。本研究的主要目的是确定通过测量手握力(HGS)评估的肌肉力量与社区老年人的日常活动技能之间的执行功能的中介作用。另一个目标是以教育程度作为协变量,探讨性别和认知状况对日常活动能力和 HGS 分数的影响。334 名老年参与者(199 名女性和 135 名男性,平均年龄为 77.5 岁,标准差为 5.6 岁,年龄范围为 63-93 岁)完成了一系列评估日常活动能力、健康保健和执行功能的测试。结果显示,34%-56% 的 ADLs 条件变异是由 HGS 和执行功能解释的。此外,认知能力健康的参与者表现出更好的 ADLs 技能,而认知能力受损的男性和女性则表现出更差的 HGS 效率。总之,在临床环境中,应鼓励同时评估ADLs技能、运动和高阶认知过程,以发现需要进行因人而异干预的个体,从而提高他们的生活质量。
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引用次数: 0
The Moroccan MoCA test: Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation. 摩洛哥 MoCA 测试:翻译、文化适应和验证。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-10 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2119143
Noumidia Khatib, Ibtissam El Harch, Abdelaziz Lamkaddem, Lahcen Omari, Nourdine Attiya, Younes Filali-Zegzouti, Samira El Fakir, Abdelkrim Janati Idrissi, Zouhayr Souirti

Purpose: Dementia includes all the symptoms associated with declining mental and cognitive skills, resulting in an inability to perform daily activities.

Objectives: We aimed to translate and adapt the Montréal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test into the Moroccan cultural context. We compared the sensitivity and specificity between MoCA and Mini-Mental State of Folstein (MMS) in the screening of dementia.

Materials and methods: The participants in this study were residents in the Fez-Meknes region and over 50 years old. We performed translation and adaptation of the English MoCA 8.1 version into all Moroccan languages: Darija, Tamazight in its three variants (Tachelhit, Tarifit, Atlas Tamazight), and Arabic. We validated Moroccan MoCA according to the Beaton et al. instructions.

Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and alpha Cronbach of the MoCA test were 88.5, 93.8%, and 0.87, while they were 90.2, 90.8%, and 0.79 for the MMS test.

Conclusion: The Moroccan MoCA test had high sensitivity, specificity, and internal reliability compared to the MMS test. The availability of the MoCA in the Moroccan language will be helpful in the screening of dementia and research studies in Morocco and other countries.

目的:痴呆症包括与智力和认知能力下降相关的所有症状,导致无法进行日常活动:我们旨在将蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)测试翻译并改编为摩洛哥文化背景下的测试。我们比较了 MoCA 和迷你福尔斯坦精神状态(MMS)在筛查痴呆症方面的敏感性和特异性:本研究的参与者为非斯-梅克内斯地区 50 岁以上的居民。我们将英文版 MoCA 8.1 翻译并改编成所有摩洛哥语言:Darija、Tamazight 三种变体(Tachelhit、Tarifit、Atlas Tamazight)和阿拉伯语。我们根据 Beaton 等人的说明对摩洛哥语 MoCA 进行了验证:结果:MoCA 测试的灵敏度、特异度和α Cronbach 值分别为 88.5、93.8% 和 0.87,而 MMS 测试的灵敏度、特异度和α Cronbach 值分别为 90.2、90.8% 和 0.79:结论:与 MMS 测试相比,摩洛哥 MoCA 测试具有较高的灵敏度、特异性和内部可靠性。摩洛哥语的MoCA测试将有助于摩洛哥和其他国家的痴呆症筛查和研究。
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引用次数: 0
An alternative approach to TOMM cutoff scores using a large sample of military personnel. 使用大样本军事人员的 TOMM 临界分数替代方法。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-13 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2119391
Felicity R Doddato, Jessica Forde, Yishi Wang, Antonio E Puente

The accuracy of neuropsychological assessments relies on participants exhibiting their true abilities during administration. The Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) is a popular performance validity test used to determine whether an individual is providing honest answers. While the TOMM has proven to be highly sensitive to those who are deliberately exaggerating their symptoms, there is a limited explanation regarding the significance of using 45 as a cutoff score. The present study aims to further investigate this question by examining TOMM scores obtained in a large sample of active-duty military personnel (N = 859, M = 26 years, SD = 6.14, 97.31% males, 72.44% white). Results indicated that no notable discrepancies existed between the frequency of participants who scored a 45 and those who scored slightly below a 45 on the TOMM. The sensitivity and specificity of the TOMM were derived using the forced-choice recognition (FCR) scores obtained by participants on the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition (CVLT-II). The sensitivity for each trial of the TOMM was 0.84, 0.55, and 0.63, respectively; the specificity for each trial of the TOMM was 0.69, 0.93, and 0.92, respectively. Because sensitivity and specificity rates are both of importance in this study, balanced accuracy scores were also reported. Results suggested that various alternative cutoff scores produced a more accurate classification compared to the traditional cutoff of 45. Further analyses using Fisher's exact test also indicated that there were no significant performance differences on the FCR of the CVLT-II between individuals who received a 44 and individuals who received a 45 on the TOMM. The current study provides evidence on why the traditional cutoff may not be the most effective score. Future research should consider employing alternative methods which do not rely on a single score.

神经心理评估的准确性取决于受测者在施测过程中表现出的真实能力。记忆误导测试(TOMM)是一种常用的表现效度测试,用于确定受测者是否提供了真实的答案。虽然 TOMM 已被证明对那些故意夸大症状的人高度敏感,但关于以 45 分作为分界线的意义的解释却很有限。本研究旨在通过对大量现役军人样本(样本数=859,男=26岁,标差=6.14,97.31%为男性,72.44%为白人)的 TOMM 分数进行研究,进一步探讨这一问题。结果表明,在TOMM中得分达到45分和略低于45分的参与者之间不存在明显差异。TOMM的灵敏度和特异性是根据参加者在加州言语学习测验第二版(CVLT-II)中获得的强迫选择识别(FCR)分数得出的。TOMM每次测试的灵敏度分别为0.84、0.55和0.63;TOMM每次测试的特异度分别为0.69、0.93和0.92。由于灵敏度和特异度在本研究中都很重要,因此还报告了平衡准确度得分。结果表明,与传统的 45 分界点相比,不同的分界点能产生更准确的分类。使用费雪精确检验法进行的进一步分析还表明,在 CVLT-II 的 FCR 中,TOMM 得分为 44 分的人与得分为 45 分的人之间没有明显的表现差异。目前的研究提供了证据,说明为什么传统的分界点可能不是最有效的分数。未来的研究应考虑采用不依赖于单一分数的替代方法。
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引用次数: 0
The sensitivity of the IOP-29 and IOP-M to coached feigning of depression and mTBI: An online simulation study in a community sample from the United Kingdom. IOP-29 和 IOP-M 对假装抑郁和创伤后应激障碍的指导敏感性:英国社区样本在线模拟研究。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2115910
Jessica Bosi, Laure Minassian, Francesca Ales, Ali Yunus Emre Akca, Christina Winters, Donald J Viglione, Alessandro Zennaro, Luciano Giromini

Assessing the credibility of symptoms is critical to neuropsychological assessment in both clinical and forensic settings. To this end, the Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29) and its recently added memory module (Inventory of Problems-Memory; IOP-M) appear to be particularly useful, as they provide a rapid and cost-effective measure of both symptom and performance validity. While numerous studies have already supported the effectiveness of the IOP-29, research on its newly developed module, the IOP-M, is much sparser. To address this gap, we conducted a simulation study with a community sample (N = 307) from the United Kingdom. Participants were asked to either (a) respond honestly or (b) pretend to suffer from mTBI or (c) pretend to suffer from depression. Within each feigning group, half of the participants received a description of the symptoms of the disorder to be feigned, and the other half received both a description of the symptoms of the disorder to be feigned and a warning not to over-exaggerate their responses or their presentation would not be credible. Overall, the results confirmed the effectiveness of the two IOP components, both individually and in combination.

评估症状的可信度对于临床和法医环境下的神经心理学评估至关重要。为此,问题量表-29(IOP-29)及其最近新增的记忆模块(问题量表-记忆;IOP-M)似乎特别有用,因为它们提供了一种快速、经济有效的症状和表现有效性测量方法。虽然已有大量研究证实了 IOP-29 的有效性,但有关其新开发模块 IOP-M 的研究却少得多。为了填补这一空白,我们对英国的一个社区样本(N = 307)进行了模拟研究。参与者被要求(a)如实回答或(b)假装患有 mTBI 或(c)假装患有抑郁症。在每个假装组中,一半的参与者会收到关于要假装的疾病症状的描述,另一半参与者既会收到关于要假装的疾病症状的描述,也会收到关于不要过度夸大自己的反应的警告,否则他们的陈述将不可信。总体而言,研究结果证实了 IOP 的两个组成部分单独使用或结合使用的有效性。
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Applied Neuropsychology-Adult
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