Executive functioning (EF) is of major interest in the study of cognitive factors involved in obesity. Among EF, shifting is related to behavioral flexibility, and inhibition to the ability to refrain from impulsive behavior. A deficit in those two EF could predict individual difficulties to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Weak evidence of deficits in shifting and inhibition in individuals of higher Body Mass Index (BMI) have been observed. The objective was to clarify the relationship between inhibition and shifting regarding weight status group differences in healthy adults. Two neuropsychological tests from the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP) battery were used to measure EF performance of three groups of men and women: normal-weight (NW, n = 38), overweight (OW, n = 40) and obesity (OB, n = 37). The results show that individuals with higher BMI have lower inhibition capacities and that classically used weight status categories might not capture cognitive variability. No differences in shifting were observed concerning weight status nor BMI. This paper provides new insights on cognitive factors in obesity by presenting data from healthy individuals with overweight and obesity. The results support that assessing inhibition capacities might be of interest in a clinical setting for patients with difficulties to lose weight.
执行功能(EF)是研究肥胖相关认知因素的主要兴趣所在。在执行功能中,转移与行为灵活性有关,抑制与避免冲动行为的能力有关。这两项 EF 的缺陷可预示个人难以保持健康的生活方式。有微弱证据表明,体重指数(BMI)较高的人在移位和抑制方面存在缺陷。本研究的目的是澄清抑制和移位与健康成年人体重状况群体差异之间的关系。研究人员使用注意力表现测试(TAP)中的两项神经心理学测试来测量三组男性和女性的EF表现:正常体重(NW,n = 38)、超重(OW,n = 40)和肥胖(OB,n = 37)。结果表明,体重指数越高的人抑制能力越低,经典的体重状况分类可能无法反映认知的差异性。在体重状态和体重指数方面没有观察到移位差异。本文通过展示超重和肥胖的健康人的数据,对肥胖的认知因素提供了新的见解。研究结果表明,在临床环境中,对减肥有困难的患者进行抑制能力评估可能是有意义的。
{"title":"Inhibition and shifting across the weight status spectrum.","authors":"Marine Mas, Stéphanie Chambaron, Claire Chabanet, Marie-Claude Brindisi","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2039656","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2039656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Executive functioning (EF) is of major interest in the study of cognitive factors involved in obesity. Among EF, shifting is related to behavioral flexibility, and inhibition to the ability to refrain from impulsive behavior. A deficit in those two EF could predict individual difficulties to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Weak evidence of deficits in shifting and inhibition in individuals of higher Body Mass Index (BMI) have been observed. The objective was to clarify the relationship between inhibition and shifting regarding weight status group differences in healthy adults. Two neuropsychological tests from the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP) battery were used to measure EF performance of three groups of men and women: normal-weight (NW, <i>n</i> = 38), overweight (OW, <i>n</i> = 40) and obesity (OB, <i>n</i> = 37). The results show that individuals with higher BMI have lower inhibition capacities and that classically used weight status categories might not capture cognitive variability. No differences in shifting were observed concerning weight status nor BMI. This paper provides new insights on cognitive factors in obesity by presenting data from healthy individuals with overweight and obesity. The results support that assessing inhibition capacities might be of interest in a clinical setting for patients with difficulties to lose weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"494-501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39940772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2022-01-25DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2021410
Tom Erickson, Michael Malek-Ahmadi, Cecily A Luft, Cynthia Campbell, Holly K Strecker
The capacity to quickly verbalize words beginning with a specific letter is integral in assessing language skills as well as an essential part of a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Using the letters F, A, S as a word fluency measure is limited by having no direct parallel alternative that can use the same F, A, S norms. This observational and cross-sectional study examined the correlation between the Word Fluency Test (WFT), utilizing letters M, D, H, as a parallel alternative to the clinical standard F, A, S to determine if the two are equivalent. This would allow for the use of existing F, A, S norms. Study participants (N = 356) were comprised of both adult control participants and out-patients with normal neuropsychological test results. Between-group differences for both task performances were not statistically significant indicating that patients and controls performed similarly on each of the six letters. Between-letter correlations were moderate in strength indicating an acceptable level of agreement between all of the letters. The results confirm equivalency and support administering the WFT and employing F, A, S norms offering a corresponding parallel alternative measure with strong correlation indicating high level of agreement.
{"title":"Word Fluency Test (WFT): A parallel FAS alternative.","authors":"Tom Erickson, Michael Malek-Ahmadi, Cecily A Luft, Cynthia Campbell, Holly K Strecker","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2021410","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2021410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The capacity to quickly verbalize words beginning with a specific letter is integral in assessing language skills as well as an essential part of a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Using the letters F, A, S as a word fluency measure is limited by having no direct parallel alternative that can use the same F, A, S norms. This observational and cross-sectional study examined the correlation between the <i>Word Fluency Test (WFT</i>), utilizing letters M, D, H, as a parallel alternative to the clinical standard F, A, S to determine if the two are equivalent. This would allow for the use of existing F, A, S norms. Study participants (<i>N</i> = 356) were comprised of both adult control participants and out-patients with normal neuropsychological test results. Between-group differences for both task performances were not statistically significant indicating that patients and controls performed similarly on each of the six letters. Between-letter correlations were moderate in strength indicating an acceptable level of agreement between all of the letters. The results confirm equivalency and support administering the <i>WFT</i> and employing F, A, S norms offering a corresponding parallel alternative measure with strong correlation indicating high level of agreement.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"282-291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39719426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2021-12-03DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2007482
Selin Akdere, Simay Ikier
We investigated age differences in mental time travel by comparing young, middle-aged and older adults, with equal number of participants in each age decade, from age 22 to 79. Participants generated and phenomenologically rated one experienced and one imagined past event, and two imagined future events. The results showed event type effects with richer phenomenology for experienced than imagined events, but no age group differences. Specifically, experienced events were more vivid, detailed, and were re-lived in the mind more than the other event types. All events were highly central to life, revealing no event type effects on centrality. For both past events, older age groups generated more distant events. There were no age group differences for temporal distance for the two future events. Both future events were from a near future. The results suggest that for events that are central to life, phenomenological experience may be similar across the adulthood.
{"title":"Age-consistent phenomenological experience in remembering the past and imagining the past and the future.","authors":"Selin Akdere, Simay Ikier","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2007482","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2007482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated age differences in mental time travel by comparing young, middle-aged and older adults, with equal number of participants in each age decade, from age 22 to 79. Participants generated and phenomenologically rated one experienced and one imagined past event, and two imagined future events. The results showed event type effects with richer phenomenology for experienced than imagined events, but no age group differences. Specifically, experienced events were more vivid, detailed, and were re-lived in the mind more than the other event types. All events were highly central to life, revealing no event type effects on centrality. For both past events, older age groups generated more distant events. There were no age group differences for temporal distance for the two future events. Both future events were from a near future. The results suggest that for events that are central to life, phenomenological experience may be similar across the adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"218-228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39689281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2021-12-11DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2011727
María Belén Castelli, Laura Alonso-Recio, Fernando Carvajal, Juan Manuel Serrano
An important proportion of patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) present signs of cognitive impairment, although this is heterogeneous. In an attempt to classify this, the dual syndrome hypothesis distinguishes between two profiles: one defined by attentional and executive problems with damage in anterior cerebral regions, and another with mnesic and visuospatial alterations, with damage in posterior cerebral regions. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is one of the recommended screening tools, and one of the most used, to assess cognitive impairment in PD. However, its ability to specifically identify these two profiles of cognitive impairment has not been studied. The aim of this study was, therefore, to analyze the capacity of the MoCA to detect cognitive impairment, and also to identify anterior and posterior profiles defined by the dual syndrome hypothesis. For this purpose, 59 patients with idiopathic PD were studied with the MoCA and a neuropsychological battery of tests covering all cognitive domains. Results of logistic regression analysis with ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves showed that MoCA detected cognitive impairment and identified patients with a profile of anterior/attentional and executive deficit, with acceptable sensibility and specificity. However, it did not identify patients with a posterior/mnesic-visuospatial impairment. We discuss the reasons for the lack of sensitivity of MoCA in this profile, and other possible implications of these results with regards the usefulness of this tool to assess cognitive impairment in PD.
{"title":"Does the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) identify cognitive impairment profiles in Parkinson's disease? An exploratory study.","authors":"María Belén Castelli, Laura Alonso-Recio, Fernando Carvajal, Juan Manuel Serrano","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2011727","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2011727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An important proportion of patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) present signs of cognitive impairment, although this is heterogeneous. In an attempt to classify this, the dual syndrome hypothesis distinguishes between two profiles: one defined by attentional and executive problems with damage in anterior cerebral regions, and another with mnesic and visuospatial alterations, with damage in posterior cerebral regions. The <i>Montreal Cognitive Assessment (</i>MoCA) is one of the recommended screening tools, and one of the most used, to assess cognitive impairment in PD. However, its ability to specifically identify these two profiles of cognitive impairment has not been studied. The aim of this study was, therefore, to analyze the capacity of the MoCA to detect cognitive impairment, and also to identify anterior and posterior profiles defined by the dual syndrome hypothesis. For this purpose, 59 patients with idiopathic PD were studied with the MoCA and a neuropsychological battery of tests covering all cognitive domains. Results of logistic regression analysis with ROC (<i>Receiver Operating Characteristic</i>) curves showed that MoCA detected cognitive impairment and identified patients with a profile of anterior/attentional and executive deficit, with acceptable sensibility and specificity. However, it did not identify patients with a posterior/mnesic-visuospatial impairment. We discuss the reasons for the lack of sensitivity of MoCA in this profile, and other possible implications of these results with regards the usefulness of this tool to assess cognitive impairment in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"238-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39716317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2022-01-10DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2020792
Brian D Gradwohl, Ryan W Mangum, Emily T Noyes, Robert J Spencer
The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) is frequently used as a cognitive screening measure or as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Augmenting the current memory subtests of the RBANS to reflect clinically meaningful distinctions in memory performance may improve its clinical utility, allowing users to generate additional hypotheses and refine clinical interpretations. We pilot four supplementary memory measures to use with the RBANS, adapted from paradigms commonly used by other neuropsychological tests. We also provide several new theoretically derived memory indices to supplement the standard Delayed Memory Index. The new subtests correlated significantly with the standard memory measures, and the new indices demonstrated good reliability and diagnostic accuracy. This study provides preliminary support for supplementing the RBANS to allow for more nuanced interpretations of memory performance.
{"title":"Using supplemental memory measures to refine interpretation of the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status.","authors":"Brian D Gradwohl, Ryan W Mangum, Emily T Noyes, Robert J Spencer","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2020792","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2020792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) is frequently used as a cognitive screening measure or as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Augmenting the current memory subtests of the RBANS to reflect clinically meaningful distinctions in memory performance may improve its clinical utility, allowing users to generate additional hypotheses and refine clinical interpretations. We pilot four supplementary memory measures to use with the RBANS, adapted from paradigms commonly used by other neuropsychological tests. We also provide several new theoretically derived memory indices to supplement the standard Delayed Memory Index. The new subtests correlated significantly with the standard memory measures, and the new indices demonstrated good reliability and diagnostic accuracy. This study provides preliminary support for supplementing the RBANS to allow for more nuanced interpretations of memory performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"274-281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39917088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2021-12-09DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2007387
Diede Smit, Janneke Koerts, Dorien F Bangma, Anselm B M Fuermaier, Lara Tucha, Oliver Tucha
Subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) are not directly related to objective impairments in cognition. This study examines the role of psychological factors in predicting SCCs in the domains of executive functioning, memory, and attention in older adults. A community sample of 1,219 Dutch adults, aged 40 year or older, completed the BRIEF-A, MSEQ, FEDA, NEO-FFI, DASS-21, and a demographic questionnaire. Participants were randomly divided into exploratory (n = 813) and confirmatory samples (n = 406). In the exploratory sample, we analyzed whether personality factors, symptoms of depression and anxiety, perceived stress, and demographics could predict SCCs in the different cognitive domains. For this purpose, a two-step regression approach with bootstrapping was used. To independently validate the results, these analyses were repeated in the confirmatory sample. Concerning executive functioning, complaints regarding the ability to regulate behavior and emotional responses were predicted by lower agreeableness levels and higher levels of neuroticism and perceived stress. Complaints regarding the ability to actively solve problems in different circumstances were predicted by a lower conscientiousness level, higher agreeableness level, and more depressive symptoms. Attentional complaints were predicted by lower levels of conscientiousness and extraversion, together with a higher level of neuroticism. For memory, no significant predictors were consistently found. Psychological factors are of influence on the subjective experience of cognitive complaints. In particular personality factors, perceived stress, and symptoms of depression, seem to predict SCCs in the domains of executive functioning and attention. Clinicians should take these factors into account in older adults who have SCCs.
{"title":"Look who is complaining: Psychological factors predicting subjective cognitive complaints in a large community sample of older adults.","authors":"Diede Smit, Janneke Koerts, Dorien F Bangma, Anselm B M Fuermaier, Lara Tucha, Oliver Tucha","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2007387","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2007387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) are not directly related to objective impairments in cognition. This study examines the role of psychological factors in predicting SCCs in the domains of executive functioning, memory, and attention in older adults. A community sample of 1,219 Dutch adults, aged 40 year or older, completed the BRIEF-A, MSEQ, FEDA, NEO-FFI, DASS-21, and a demographic questionnaire. Participants were randomly divided into exploratory (<i>n</i> = 813) and confirmatory samples (<i>n</i> = 406). In the exploratory sample, we analyzed whether personality factors, symptoms of depression and anxiety, perceived stress, and demographics could predict SCCs in the different cognitive domains. For this purpose, a two-step regression approach with bootstrapping was used. To independently validate the results, these analyses were repeated in the confirmatory sample. Concerning executive functioning, complaints regarding the ability to regulate behavior and emotional responses were predicted by lower agreeableness levels and higher levels of neuroticism and perceived stress. Complaints regarding the ability to actively solve problems in different circumstances were predicted by a lower conscientiousness level, higher agreeableness level, and more depressive symptoms. Attentional complaints were predicted by lower levels of conscientiousness and extraversion, together with a higher level of neuroticism. For memory, no significant predictors were consistently found. Psychological factors are of influence on the subjective experience of cognitive complaints. In particular personality factors, perceived stress, and symptoms of depression, seem to predict SCCs in the domains of executive functioning and attention. Clinicians should take these factors into account in older adults who have SCCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"203-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39704684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2021-12-13DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2013846
Tom Heffernan, Colin Hamilton, Nick Neave
"Compulsive Shopping" is characterized by poorly controlled preoccupations/urges/behaviors focused on shopping and spending, causing significant distress/impairment. This study looked at what roles executive and related memory problems might exist in compulsive shopping. 205 adults completed on-line questionnaires measuring compulsive shopping, mood, as well as working memory and inhibition components of executive function. The Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale was used to assign participants to either a High Compulsive Shopping (HCS) group or Low Compulsive Shopping (LCS) group. Working memory (WM) and inhibition control (IC) were measured as two components of executive function (EF) using the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI), the Dysexecutive Questionnaire Revised(DEX-R) measured general EF. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale measured anxiety and depression. MANCOVA and mediation analyses were carried out controlling for age, gender, anxiety, depression. The HCS group scored significantly higher on all three EF measures, indicating greater executive difficulties. Subsequent mediation analyses with the ADEXI-IC as the mediator removed the significance of the relationship between Group and both the DEX-R and ADEXI-WM outcome variables. Thus, observed Group difference in DEX-R and ADEXI-WM could be fully accounted for by group differences in inhibitory control. The results highlight the role inhibitory control plays in compulsive shopping.
{"title":"Compulsive shopping behaviour and executive dysfunction in young adults.","authors":"Tom Heffernan, Colin Hamilton, Nick Neave","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2013846","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2013846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"Compulsive Shopping\" is characterized by poorly controlled preoccupations/urges/behaviors focused on shopping and spending, causing significant distress/impairment. This study looked at what roles executive and related memory problems might exist in compulsive shopping. 205 adults completed on-line questionnaires measuring compulsive shopping, mood, as well as working memory and inhibition components of executive function. The <i>Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale</i> was used to assign participants to either a <i>High Compulsive Shopping</i> (HCS) group or <i>Low Compulsive Shopping</i> (LCS) group. Working memory (WM) and inhibition control (IC) were measured as two components of executive function (EF) using the <i>Adult Executive Functioning Inventory</i> (ADEXI), the <i>Dysexecutive Questionnaire Revised</i> <b>(</b>DEX-R) measured general EF. The <i>Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale</i> measured anxiety and depression. MANCOVA and mediation analyses were carried out controlling for age, gender, anxiety, depression. The HCS group scored significantly higher on all three EF measures, indicating greater executive difficulties. Subsequent mediation analyses with the ADEXI-IC as the mediator removed the significance of the relationship between Group and both the DEX-R and ADEXI-WM outcome variables. Thus, observed Group difference in DEX-R and ADEXI-WM could be fully accounted for by group differences in inhibitory control. The results highlight the role inhibitory control plays in compulsive shopping.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"248-255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39716316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2021-12-28DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2020791
Leonardo Sousa Fortes, Dalton de Lima-Júnior, Fabiano Souza Fonseca, Maicon R Albuquerque, Maria Elisa Caputo Ferreira
The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of mental fatigue on mean propulsive velocity (MPV), countermovement jump (CMJ), 100, and 200-m dash performance in college sprinters. A total of 16 male athletes of sprint events (100 and 200-m dash) participated in this study. Each participant underwent two baseline visits and then running under the three experimental conditions. Assessments (MPV and CMJ) occurred both before and after either smartphone use (SMA) or Stroop task (ST), or watching a documentary TV show about the Olympic Games (CON). Then, the athletes ran the simulated race (i.e. the 100 and 200-m dash). There was no condition (p > 0.05) or time effect (p > 0.05) for MPV, CMJ, 100-m, or 200-m dash performance. In conclusion, the present study results revealed no mental fatigue effect induced by SMA or ST on neuromuscular, 100-m or 200-m dash performance in male college sprinters.
{"title":"Effect of mental fatigue on mean propulsive velocity, countermovement jump, and 100-m and 200-m dash performance in male college sprinters.","authors":"Leonardo Sousa Fortes, Dalton de Lima-Júnior, Fabiano Souza Fonseca, Maicon R Albuquerque, Maria Elisa Caputo Ferreira","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2020791","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2020791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of mental fatigue on mean propulsive velocity (MPV), countermovement jump (CMJ), 100, and 200-m dash performance in college sprinters. A total of 16 male athletes of sprint events (100 and 200-m dash) participated in this study. Each participant underwent two baseline visits and then running under the three experimental conditions. Assessments (MPV and CMJ) occurred both before and after either smartphone use (SMA) or Stroop task (ST), or watching a documentary TV show about the Olympic Games (CON). Then, the athletes ran the simulated race (i.e. the 100 and 200-m dash). There was no condition (<i>p</i> > 0.05) or time effect (<i>p</i> > 0.05) for MPV, CMJ, 100-m, or 200-m dash performance. In conclusion, the present study results revealed no mental fatigue effect induced by SMA or ST on neuromuscular, 100-m or 200-m dash performance in male college sprinters.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"264-273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39646171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2021-12-21DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2019740
Robert J Kanser, Lisa J Rapport, Robin A Hanks, Sarah D Patrick
Introduction: The study examined the effect of preparation time and financial incentives on healthy adults' ability to simulate traumatic brain injury (TBI) during neuropsychological evaluation.
Method: A retrospective comparison of two TBI simulator group designs: a traditional design employing a single-session of standard coaching immediately before participation (SIM-SC; n = 46) and a novel design that provided financial incentive and preparation time (SIM-IP; n = 49). Both groups completed an ecologically valid neuropsychological test battery that included widely-used cognitive tests and five common performance validity tests (PVTs).
Results: Compared to SIM-SC, SIM-IP performed significantly worse and had higher rates of impairment on tests of processing speed and executive functioning (Trails A and B). SIM-IP were more likely than SIM-SC to avoid detection on one of the PVTs and performed somewhat better on three of the PVTs, but the effects were small and non-significant. SIM-IP did not demonstrate significantly higher rates of successful simulation (i.e., performing impaired on cognitive tests with <2 PVT failures). Overall, the rate of the successful simulation was ∼40% with a liberal criterion, requiring cognitive impairment defined as performance >1 SD below the normative mean. At a more rigorous criterion defining impairment (>1.5 SD below the normative mean), successful simulation approached 35%.
Conclusions: Incentive and preparation time appear to add limited incremental effect over traditional, single-session coaching analog studies of TBI simulation. Moreover, these design modifications did not translate to meaningfully higher rates of successful simulation and avoidance of detection by PVTs.
{"title":"Time and money: Exploring enhancements to performance validity research designs.","authors":"Robert J Kanser, Lisa J Rapport, Robin A Hanks, Sarah D Patrick","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2019740","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2021.2019740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The study examined the effect of preparation time and financial incentives on healthy adults' ability to simulate traumatic brain injury (TBI) during neuropsychological evaluation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective comparison of two TBI simulator group designs: a traditional design employing a single-session of standard coaching immediately before participation (SIM-SC; <i>n</i> = 46) and a novel design that provided financial incentive and preparation time (SIM-IP; <i>n</i> = 49). Both groups completed an ecologically valid neuropsychological test battery that included widely-used cognitive tests and five common performance validity tests (PVTs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to SIM-SC, SIM-IP performed significantly worse and had higher rates of impairment on tests of processing speed and executive functioning (Trails A and B). SIM-IP were more likely than SIM-SC to avoid detection on one of the PVTs and performed somewhat better on three of the PVTs, but the effects were small and non-significant. SIM-IP did not demonstrate significantly higher rates of <i>successful simulation</i> (i.e., performing impaired on cognitive tests with <2 PVT failures). Overall, the rate of the successful simulation was ∼40% with a liberal criterion, requiring cognitive impairment defined as performance >1 <i>SD</i> below the normative mean. At a more rigorous criterion defining impairment (>1.5 <i>SD</i> below the normative mean), successful simulation approached 35%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Incentive and preparation time appear to add limited incremental effect over traditional, single-session coaching analog studies of TBI simulation. Moreover, these design modifications did not translate to meaningfully higher rates of successful simulation and avoidance of detection by PVTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"256-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39744292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2336195
Alexandra Hernandez-Vallant, Margo C. Hurlocker
Disparities exist in the engagement and success of individuals seeking medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment. Existing work suggests that individual-level factors such as cognitive f...
寻求阿片类药物使用障碍(MOUD)药物治疗的患者在参与度和成功率方面存在差异。
{"title":"Social and cognitive determinants of medications for opioid use disorder outcomes: A systematic review using a social determinants of health framework","authors":"Alexandra Hernandez-Vallant, Margo C. Hurlocker","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2336195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2024.2336195","url":null,"abstract":"Disparities exist in the engagement and success of individuals seeking medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment. Existing work suggests that individual-level factors such as cognitive f...","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140813036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}