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Inhibition and shifting across the weight status spectrum. 体重状态频谱的抑制和转移。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2039656
Marine Mas, Stéphanie Chambaron, Claire Chabanet, Marie-Claude Brindisi

Executive functioning (EF) is of major interest in the study of cognitive factors involved in obesity. Among EF, shifting is related to behavioral flexibility, and inhibition to the ability to refrain from impulsive behavior. A deficit in those two EF could predict individual difficulties to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Weak evidence of deficits in shifting and inhibition in individuals of higher Body Mass Index (BMI) have been observed. The objective was to clarify the relationship between inhibition and shifting regarding weight status group differences in healthy adults. Two neuropsychological tests from the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP) battery were used to measure EF performance of three groups of men and women: normal-weight (NW, n = 38), overweight (OW, n = 40) and obesity (OB, n = 37). The results show that individuals with higher BMI have lower inhibition capacities and that classically used weight status categories might not capture cognitive variability. No differences in shifting were observed concerning weight status nor BMI. This paper provides new insights on cognitive factors in obesity by presenting data from healthy individuals with overweight and obesity. The results support that assessing inhibition capacities might be of interest in a clinical setting for patients with difficulties to lose weight.

执行功能(EF)是研究肥胖相关认知因素的主要兴趣所在。在执行功能中,转移与行为灵活性有关,抑制与避免冲动行为的能力有关。这两项 EF 的缺陷可预示个人难以保持健康的生活方式。有微弱证据表明,体重指数(BMI)较高的人在移位和抑制方面存在缺陷。本研究的目的是澄清抑制和移位与健康成年人体重状况群体差异之间的关系。研究人员使用注意力表现测试(TAP)中的两项神经心理学测试来测量三组男性和女性的EF表现:正常体重(NW,n = 38)、超重(OW,n = 40)和肥胖(OB,n = 37)。结果表明,体重指数越高的人抑制能力越低,经典的体重状况分类可能无法反映认知的差异性。在体重状态和体重指数方面没有观察到移位差异。本文通过展示超重和肥胖的健康人的数据,对肥胖的认知因素提供了新的见解。研究结果表明,在临床环境中,对减肥有困难的患者进行抑制能力评估可能是有意义的。
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引用次数: 0
Word Fluency Test (WFT): A parallel FAS alternative. 词语流畅性测试(WFT):一种平行的 FAS 替代方法。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2021410
Tom Erickson, Michael Malek-Ahmadi, Cecily A Luft, Cynthia Campbell, Holly K Strecker

The capacity to quickly verbalize words beginning with a specific letter is integral in assessing language skills as well as an essential part of a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Using the letters F, A, S as a word fluency measure is limited by having no direct parallel alternative that can use the same F, A, S norms. This observational and cross-sectional study examined the correlation between the Word Fluency Test (WFT), utilizing letters M, D, H, as a parallel alternative to the clinical standard F, A, S to determine if the two are equivalent. This would allow for the use of existing F, A, S norms. Study participants (N = 356) were comprised of both adult control participants and out-patients with normal neuropsychological test results. Between-group differences for both task performances were not statistically significant indicating that patients and controls performed similarly on each of the six letters. Between-letter correlations were moderate in strength indicating an acceptable level of agreement between all of the letters. The results confirm equivalency and support administering the WFT and employing F, A, S norms offering a corresponding parallel alternative measure with strong correlation indicating high level of agreement.

快速口头表达以特定字母开头的单词的能力是评估语言技能不可或缺的一部分,也是全面神经心理评估的重要组成部分。使用字母 F、A、S 作为单词流利度测量方法受到限制,因为没有直接的平行替代方法可以使用相同的 F、A、S 标准。这项观察性横断面研究考察了词语流畅性测试(WFT)与临床标准 F、A、S 之间的相关性,前者使用字母 M、D、H 作为平行替代,后者则使用字母 F、A、S 作为平行替代,以确定两者是否等效。这样就可以使用现有的 F、A、S 标准。研究参与者(N = 356)包括成年对照组参与者和神经心理测试结果正常的门诊患者。两项任务的组间差异均无统计学意义,表明患者和对照组在六个字母上的表现相似。字母之间的相关性强度适中,表明所有字母之间的一致性达到了可接受的水平。结果证实了WFT的等效性,并支持实施WFT和采用F、A、S常模提供相应的平行替代测量,这些测量具有很强的相关性,表明测量结果具有很高的一致性。
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引用次数: 0
Age-consistent phenomenological experience in remembering the past and imagining the past and the future. 在回忆过去和想象过去与未来时,与年龄相一致的现象学经验。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-03 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2007482
Selin Akdere, Simay Ikier

We investigated age differences in mental time travel by comparing young, middle-aged and older adults, with equal number of participants in each age decade, from age 22 to 79. Participants generated and phenomenologically rated one experienced and one imagined past event, and two imagined future events. The results showed event type effects with richer phenomenology for experienced than imagined events, but no age group differences. Specifically, experienced events were more vivid, detailed, and were re-lived in the mind more than the other event types. All events were highly central to life, revealing no event type effects on centrality. For both past events, older age groups generated more distant events. There were no age group differences for temporal distance for the two future events. Both future events were from a near future. The results suggest that for events that are central to life, phenomenological experience may be similar across the adulthood.

我们对 22 至 79 岁的年轻人、中年人和老年人进行了比较,研究了心理时间旅行的年龄差异。参与者生成并从现象学角度评价了一个经历过的和一个想象过的过去事件,以及两个想象过的未来事件。结果表明,事件类型会产生影响,经历的事件比想象的事件具有更丰富的现象学特征,但没有年龄组差异。具体来说,经历过的事件比其他类型的事件更生动、更详细,在脑海中重现的次数也更多。所有事件在生活中都具有高度的中心性,这表明事件类型对中心性没有影响。对于过去的两个事件,年龄较大的群体所产生的事件更遥远。在两个未来事件中,时间距离没有年龄组差异。这两个未来事件都是近期发生的。这些结果表明,对于生活中的核心事件,成年后的现象体验可能是相似的。
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引用次数: 0
Does the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) identify cognitive impairment profiles in Parkinson's disease? An exploratory study. 蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)能识别帕金森病患者的认知障碍特征吗?一项探索性研究。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-11 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2011727
María Belén Castelli, Laura Alonso-Recio, Fernando Carvajal, Juan Manuel Serrano

An important proportion of patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) present signs of cognitive impairment, although this is heterogeneous. In an attempt to classify this, the dual syndrome hypothesis distinguishes between two profiles: one defined by attentional and executive problems with damage in anterior cerebral regions, and another with mnesic and visuospatial alterations, with damage in posterior cerebral regions. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is one of the recommended screening tools, and one of the most used, to assess cognitive impairment in PD. However, its ability to specifically identify these two profiles of cognitive impairment has not been studied. The aim of this study was, therefore, to analyze the capacity of the MoCA to detect cognitive impairment, and also to identify anterior and posterior profiles defined by the dual syndrome hypothesis. For this purpose, 59 patients with idiopathic PD were studied with the MoCA and a neuropsychological battery of tests covering all cognitive domains. Results of logistic regression analysis with ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves showed that MoCA detected cognitive impairment and identified patients with a profile of anterior/attentional and executive deficit, with acceptable sensibility and specificity. However, it did not identify patients with a posterior/mnesic-visuospatial impairment. We discuss the reasons for the lack of sensitivity of MoCA in this profile, and other possible implications of these results with regards the usefulness of this tool to assess cognitive impairment in PD.

帕金森病(PD)患者中有很大一部分会出现认知功能障碍的症状,尽管这种症状多种多样。为了对此进行分类,"双重综合征假说 "将帕金森病分为两种情况:一种是注意力和执行力问题,大脑前部受损;另一种是记忆力和视觉空间改变,大脑后部受损。蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)是评估帕金森病认知障碍的推荐筛查工具之一,也是最常用的筛查工具之一。然而,目前还没有人研究过该方法是否能专门识别这两种认知功能障碍。因此,本研究旨在分析 MoCA 检测认知功能障碍的能力,以及识别双重综合征假说所定义的前部和后部特征的能力。为此,研究人员对59名特发性帕金森病患者进行了MoCA和涵盖所有认知领域的神经心理测试。利用ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic)曲线进行的逻辑回归分析结果表明,MoCA能检测出认知障碍,并识别出具有前部/注意缺陷和执行缺陷特征的患者,其敏感性和特异性均可接受。但是,它并不能识别出后部/智能-视空间障碍患者。我们讨论了MoCA对这一特征缺乏敏感性的原因,以及这些结果对该工具评估帕金森病认知功能障碍的实用性可能产生的其他影响。
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引用次数: 0
Using supplemental memory measures to refine interpretation of the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status. 使用补充记忆测量法完善对神经心理状态评估可重复电池的解释。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2020792
Brian D Gradwohl, Ryan W Mangum, Emily T Noyes, Robert J Spencer

The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) is frequently used as a cognitive screening measure or as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Augmenting the current memory subtests of the RBANS to reflect clinically meaningful distinctions in memory performance may improve its clinical utility, allowing users to generate additional hypotheses and refine clinical interpretations. We pilot four supplementary memory measures to use with the RBANS, adapted from paradigms commonly used by other neuropsychological tests. We also provide several new theoretically derived memory indices to supplement the standard Delayed Memory Index. The new subtests correlated significantly with the standard memory measures, and the new indices demonstrated good reliability and diagnostic accuracy. This study provides preliminary support for supplementing the RBANS to allow for more nuanced interpretations of memory performance.

神经心理状态评估重复性测验(RBANS)经常被用作认知筛选测量或综合神经心理测验的一部分。增强 RBANS 目前的记忆分测验以反映记忆表现中具有临床意义的区别,可以提高其临床实用性,使用户能够提出更多假设并完善临床解释。我们从其他神经心理测验常用的范式中改编了四种补充记忆测量方法,供 RBANS 使用。我们还提供了几个新的理论推导记忆指数来补充标准延迟记忆指数。新的分测验与标准记忆测量结果有明显的相关性,新的指数表现出良好的可靠性和诊断准确性。本研究初步支持对 RBANS 进行补充,以便对记忆表现进行更细致的解释。
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引用次数: 0
Look who is complaining: Psychological factors predicting subjective cognitive complaints in a large community sample of older adults. 看看谁在抱怨?预测社区老年人主观认知抱怨的心理因素。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2007387
Diede Smit, Janneke Koerts, Dorien F Bangma, Anselm B M Fuermaier, Lara Tucha, Oliver Tucha

Subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) are not directly related to objective impairments in cognition. This study examines the role of psychological factors in predicting SCCs in the domains of executive functioning, memory, and attention in older adults. A community sample of 1,219 Dutch adults, aged 40 year or older, completed the BRIEF-A, MSEQ, FEDA, NEO-FFI, DASS-21, and a demographic questionnaire. Participants were randomly divided into exploratory (n = 813) and confirmatory samples (n = 406). In the exploratory sample, we analyzed whether personality factors, symptoms of depression and anxiety, perceived stress, and demographics could predict SCCs in the different cognitive domains. For this purpose, a two-step regression approach with bootstrapping was used. To independently validate the results, these analyses were repeated in the confirmatory sample. Concerning executive functioning, complaints regarding the ability to regulate behavior and emotional responses were predicted by lower agreeableness levels and higher levels of neuroticism and perceived stress. Complaints regarding the ability to actively solve problems in different circumstances were predicted by a lower conscientiousness level, higher agreeableness level, and more depressive symptoms. Attentional complaints were predicted by lower levels of conscientiousness and extraversion, together with a higher level of neuroticism. For memory, no significant predictors were consistently found. Psychological factors are of influence on the subjective experience of cognitive complaints. In particular personality factors, perceived stress, and symptoms of depression, seem to predict SCCs in the domains of executive functioning and attention. Clinicians should take these factors into account in older adults who have SCCs.

主观认知抱怨(SCC)与客观认知障碍并无直接关系。本研究探讨了心理因素在预测老年人执行功能、记忆力和注意力领域的 SCC 方面所起的作用。1,219 名年龄在 40 岁或 40 岁以上的荷兰成年人完成了 BRIEF-A、MSEQ、FEDA、NEO-FFI、DASS-21 和人口统计学问卷调查。参与者被随机分为探索样本(n = 813)和确认样本(n = 406)。在探索样本中,我们分析了人格因素、抑郁和焦虑症状、感知压力和人口统计学特征是否可以预测不同认知领域的 SCC。为此,我们采用了带引导的两步回归法。为了独立验证结果,在确认样本中重复了这些分析。在执行功能方面,有关行为调节能力和情绪反应的投诉可由较低的合意水平、较高的神经质水平和感知压力水平预测。关于在不同情况下积极解决问题的能力的投诉,可以通过较低的自觉性水平、较高的合意性水平和较多的抑郁症状来预测。较低的自觉性和外向性水平以及较高的神经质水平可以预测注意力方面的抱怨。在记忆力方面,没有发现明显的预测因素。心理因素对认知抱怨的主观体验有影响。尤其是人格因素、感知到的压力和抑郁症状似乎可以预测执行功能和注意力领域的 SCC。对于患有 SCC 的老年人,临床医生应将这些因素考虑在内。
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引用次数: 0
Compulsive shopping behaviour and executive dysfunction in young adults. 青少年的强迫性购物行为和执行功能障碍。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2013846
Tom Heffernan, Colin Hamilton, Nick Neave

"Compulsive Shopping" is characterized by poorly controlled preoccupations/urges/behaviors focused on shopping and spending, causing significant distress/impairment. This study looked at what roles executive and related memory problems might exist in compulsive shopping. 205 adults completed on-line questionnaires measuring compulsive shopping, mood, as well as working memory and inhibition components of executive function. The Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale was used to assign participants to either a High Compulsive Shopping (HCS) group or Low Compulsive Shopping (LCS) group. Working memory (WM) and inhibition control (IC) were measured as two components of executive function (EF) using the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI), the Dysexecutive Questionnaire Revised (DEX-R) measured general EF. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale measured anxiety and depression. MANCOVA and mediation analyses were carried out controlling for age, gender, anxiety, depression. The HCS group scored significantly higher on all three EF measures, indicating greater executive difficulties. Subsequent mediation analyses with the ADEXI-IC as the mediator removed the significance of the relationship between Group and both the DEX-R and ADEXI-WM outcome variables. Thus, observed Group difference in DEX-R and ADEXI-WM could be fully accounted for by group differences in inhibitory control. The results highlight the role inhibitory control plays in compulsive shopping.

"购物强迫症 "的特点是对购物和消费的先入为主/冲动/行为控制不力,造成严重困扰/损害。本研究探讨了强迫性购物中可能存在的执行问题和相关记忆问题。205 名成年人填写了在线问卷,测量强迫性购物、情绪以及执行功能中的工作记忆和抑制部分。研究人员使用卑尔根购物成瘾量表将参与者分为高强迫购物(HCS)组或低强迫购物(LCS)组。工作记忆(WM)和抑制控制(IC)作为执行功能(EF)的两个组成部分,使用成人执行功能量表(ADEXI)进行测量,而执行障碍问卷修订版(DEX-R)则测量一般执行功能。医院焦虑抑郁量表(Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale)测量焦虑和抑郁。对年龄、性别、焦虑和抑郁进行了 MANCOVA 和中介分析。在所有三项EF测量中,HCS组的得分都明显较高,这表明他们的执行困难更大。随后以 ADEXI-IC 为中介进行的中介分析消除了组别与 DEX-R 和 ADEXI-WM 结果变量之间的显著关系。因此,所观察到的 DEX-R 和 ADEXI-WM 的群体差异完全可以通过抑制控制的群体差异来解释。这些结果突显了抑制控制在强迫购物中所起的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of mental fatigue on mean propulsive velocity, countermovement jump, and 100-m and 200-m dash performance in male college sprinters. 心理疲劳对男子大学生短跑运动员的平均推进速度、反身跳以及 100 米和 200 米短跑成绩的影响。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2020791
Leonardo Sousa Fortes, Dalton de Lima-Júnior, Fabiano Souza Fonseca, Maicon R Albuquerque, Maria Elisa Caputo Ferreira

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of mental fatigue on mean propulsive velocity (MPV), countermovement jump (CMJ), 100, and 200-m dash performance in college sprinters. A total of 16 male athletes of sprint events (100 and 200-m dash) participated in this study. Each participant underwent two baseline visits and then running under the three experimental conditions. Assessments (MPV and CMJ) occurred both before and after either smartphone use (SMA) or Stroop task (ST), or watching a documentary TV show about the Olympic Games (CON). Then, the athletes ran the simulated race (i.e. the 100 and 200-m dash). There was no condition (p > 0.05) or time effect (p > 0.05) for MPV, CMJ, 100-m, or 200-m dash performance. In conclusion, the present study results revealed no mental fatigue effect induced by SMA or ST on neuromuscular, 100-m or 200-m dash performance in male college sprinters.

本研究旨在分析心理疲劳对大学生短跑运动员的平均推进速度(MPV)、反身跳(CMJ)、100米和200米短跑成绩的影响。共有 16 名短跑项目(100 米和 200 米短跑)的男子运动员参加了本研究。每位受试者先进行两次基线考察,然后在三种实验条件下进行跑步。在使用智能手机(SMA)或执行 Stroop 任务(ST)或观看奥运会纪录片(CON)之前和之后进行评估(MPV 和 CMJ)。然后,运动员进行模拟比赛(即 100 米和 200 米短跑)。在 MPV、CMJ、100 米和 200 米短跑成绩方面,没有条件效应(P > 0.05)或时间效应(P > 0.05)。总之,本研究结果表明,SMA 或 ST 对男子大学生短跑运动员的神经肌肉、100 米或 200 米短跑成绩没有心理疲劳影响。
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引用次数: 0
Time and money: Exploring enhancements to performance validity research designs. 时间与金钱:探索绩效有效性研究设计的改进。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2019740
Robert J Kanser, Lisa J Rapport, Robin A Hanks, Sarah D Patrick

Introduction: The study examined the effect of preparation time and financial incentives on healthy adults' ability to simulate traumatic brain injury (TBI) during neuropsychological evaluation.

Method: A retrospective comparison of two TBI simulator group designs: a traditional design employing a single-session of standard coaching immediately before participation (SIM-SC; n = 46) and a novel design that provided financial incentive and preparation time (SIM-IP; n = 49). Both groups completed an ecologically valid neuropsychological test battery that included widely-used cognitive tests and five common performance validity tests (PVTs).

Results: Compared to SIM-SC, SIM-IP performed significantly worse and had higher rates of impairment on tests of processing speed and executive functioning (Trails A and B). SIM-IP were more likely than SIM-SC to avoid detection on one of the PVTs and performed somewhat better on three of the PVTs, but the effects were small and non-significant. SIM-IP did not demonstrate significantly higher rates of successful simulation (i.e., performing impaired on cognitive tests with <2 PVT failures). Overall, the rate of the successful simulation was ∼40% with a liberal criterion, requiring cognitive impairment defined as performance >1 SD below the normative mean. At a more rigorous criterion defining impairment (>1.5 SD below the normative mean), successful simulation approached 35%.

Conclusions: Incentive and preparation time appear to add limited incremental effect over traditional, single-session coaching analog studies of TBI simulation. Moreover, these design modifications did not translate to meaningfully higher rates of successful simulation and avoidance of detection by PVTs.

简介:本研究探讨了准备时间和经济激励对健康成年人在神经心理评估中模拟创伤性脑损伤(TBI)能力的影响:本研究探讨了准备时间和经济激励对健康成年人在神经心理评估过程中模拟创伤性脑损伤(TBI)能力的影响:方法:对两种创伤性脑损伤模拟器小组设计进行回顾性比较:一种是传统设计,即在参与前进行一次标准辅导(SIM-SC;n = 46);另一种是新颖设计,即提供经济激励和准备时间(SIM-IP;n = 49)。两组都完成了生态学上有效的神经心理测试,包括广泛使用的认知测试和五种常见的成绩有效性测试(PVT):与 SIM-SC 相比,SIM-IP 在处理速度和执行功能测试中的表现明显较差,受损率较高(路径 A 和 B)。SIM-IP 比 SIM-SC 更有可能在一项 PVT 测试中避免被检测到,在三项 PVT 测试中表现略好,但影响较小,且不显著。SIM-IP 的模拟成功率(即在认知测试中的表现低于常模平均值 1 SD)并没有明显提高。根据更严格的损伤定义标准(低于常模平均值 1.5 SD 以上),模拟成功率接近 35%:结论:与传统的、单次训练的创伤性脑损伤模拟研究相比,激励和准备时间似乎增加的效果有限。此外,这些设计修改并没有显著提高模拟成功率和避免被 PVT 检测到。
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引用次数: 0
Social and cognitive determinants of medications for opioid use disorder outcomes: A systematic review using a social determinants of health framework 阿片类药物使用障碍结果的社会和认知决定因素:利用健康的社会决定因素框架进行系统审查
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2336195
Alexandra Hernandez-Vallant, Margo C. Hurlocker
Disparities exist in the engagement and success of individuals seeking medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment. Existing work suggests that individual-level factors such as cognitive f...
寻求阿片类药物使用障碍(MOUD)药物治疗的患者在参与度和成功率方面存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
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Applied Neuropsychology-Adult
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