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Analytical Techniques for Single-Cell Biochemical Assays of Lipids. 脂质单细胞生化分析技术。
IF 9.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Epub Date: 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-034007
Ming Yao, Manibarathi Vaithiyanathan, Nancy L Allbritton

Lipids are essential cellular components forming membranes, serving as energy reserves, and acting as chemical messengers. Dysfunction in lipid metabolism and signaling is associated with a wide range of diseases including cancer and autoimmunity. Heterogeneity in cell behavior including lipid signaling is increasingly recognized as a driver of disease and drug resistance. This diversity in cellular responses as well as the roles of lipids in health and disease drive the need to quantify lipids within single cells. Single-cell lipid assays are challenging due to the small size of cells (∼1 pL) and the large numbers of lipid species present at concentrations spanning orders of magnitude. A growing number of methodologies enable assay of large numbers of lipid analytes, perform high-resolution spatial measurements, or permit highly sensitive lipid assays in single cells. Covered in this review are mass spectrometry, Raman imaging, and fluorescence-based assays including microscopy and microseparations.

脂质是形成细胞膜的基本细胞成分,作为能量储备,并作为化学信使。脂质代谢和信号的功能障碍与包括癌症和自身免疫在内的多种疾病有关。包括脂质信号在内的细胞行为的异质性越来越被认为是疾病和耐药性的驱动因素。细胞反应的多样性,以及脂质在健康和疾病中的作用,推动了对单个细胞内脂质进行量化的需求。单细胞脂质测定具有挑战性,因为细胞体积小(约1 pL),而且存在大量的脂质种类,浓度跨越数量级。越来越多的方法能够分析大量的脂质分析物,进行高分辨率的空间测量,或允许在单个细胞中进行高灵敏度的脂质分析。这篇综述涵盖了质谱、拉曼成像和基于荧光的分析,包括显微镜和微分离。
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引用次数: 0
Engineering Therapeutics to Detoxify Hemoglobin, Heme, and Iron. 解毒血红蛋白、血红素和铁的工程疗法。
IF 9.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-081622-031203
Ivan S Pires, François Berthiaume, Andre F Palmer

Hemolysis (i.e., red blood cell lysis) can increase circulatory levels of cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) and its degradation by-products, namely heme (h) and iron (Fe). Under homeostasis, minor increases in these three hemolytic by-products (Hb/h/Fe) are rapidly scavenged and cleared by natural plasma proteins. Under certain pathophysiological conditions, scavenging systems become overwhelmed, leading to the accumulation of Hb/h/Fe in the circulation. Unfortunately, these species cause various side effects such as vasoconstriction, hypertension, and oxidative organ damage. Therefore, various therapeutics strategies are in development, ranging from supplementation with depleted plasma scavenger proteins to engineered biomimetic protein constructs capable of scavenging multiple hemolytic species. In this review, we briefly describe hemolysis and the characteristics of the major plasma-derived protein scavengers of Hb/h/Fe. Finally, we present novel engineering approaches designed to address the toxicity of these hemolytic by-products.

溶血(即红细胞裂解)可以增加无细胞血红蛋白(Hb)及其降解副产物,即血红素(h)和铁(Fe)的循环水平。在稳态下,这三种溶血副产物(Hb/h/Fe)的轻微增加会被天然血浆蛋白迅速清除。在某些病理生理条件下,清除系统不堪重负,导致循环中Hb/h/Fe的积累。不幸的是,这些物种会引起各种副作用,如血管收缩、高血压和氧化性器官损伤。因此,各种治疗策略正在开发中,从补充耗尽的血浆清除剂蛋白到能够清除多种溶血物种的工程仿生蛋白构建体。在这篇综述中,我们简要介绍了溶血和主要血浆来源的Hb/h/Fe蛋白清除剂的特性。最后,我们提出了新的工程方法,旨在解决这些溶血副产物的毒性。
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引用次数: 0
Label-Free Optical Metabolic Imaging in Cells and Tissues. 细胞和组织中的无标记光学代谢成像。
IF 9.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Epub Date: 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044730
Irene Georgakoudi, Kyle P Quinn

Over the last half century, the autofluorescence of the metabolic cofactors NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) has been quantified in a variety of cell types and disease states. With the spread of nonlinear optical microscopy techniques in biomedical research, NADH and FAD imaging has offered an attractive solution to noninvasively monitor cell and tissue status and elucidate dynamic changes in cell or tissue metabolism. Various tools and methods to measure the temporal, spectral, and spatial properties of NADH and FAD autofluorescence have been developed. Specifically, an optical redox ratio of cofactor fluorescence intensities and NADH fluorescence lifetime parameters have been used in numerous applications, but significant work remains to mature this technology for understanding dynamic changes in metabolism. This article describes the current understanding of our optical sensitivity to different metabolic pathways and highlights current challenges in the field. Recent progress in addressing these challenges and acquiring more quantitative information in faster and more metabolically relevant formats is also discussed.

在过去的半个世纪里,代谢辅助因子NADH(还原性烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸)和FAD(黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸)的自身荧光已经在多种细胞类型和疾病状态中被量化。随着非线性光学显微镜技术在生物医学研究中的普及,NADH和FAD成像为无创监测细胞和组织状态以及阐明细胞或组织代谢的动态变化提供了一种有吸引力的解决方案。各种工具和方法来测量NADH和FAD自身荧光的时间,光谱和空间特性已经开发出来。具体来说,辅助因子荧光强度的光学氧化还原比和NADH荧光寿命参数已在许多应用中使用,但对于了解代谢的动态变化,该技术仍有待完善。本文描述了目前对不同代谢途径的光学敏感性的理解,并强调了该领域当前的挑战。本文还讨论了在应对这些挑战和以更快和更代谢相关的格式获取更多定量信息方面的最新进展。
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引用次数: 4
Thinking Beyond the Device: An Overview of Human- and Equity-Centered Approaches for Health Technology Design. 超越设备的思考:以人为中心和公平为中心的健康技术设计方法综述。
IF 9.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Epub Date: 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-081922-024834
Natalia M Rodriguez, Grace Burleson, Jacqueline C Linnes, Kathleen H Sienko

A shift in the traditional technocentric view of medical device design to a human-centered one is needed to bridge existing translational gaps and improve health equity. To ensure the successful and equitable adoption of health technology innovations, engineers must think beyond the device and the direct end user and must seek a more holistic understanding of broader stakeholder needs and the intended context of use early in a design process. The objectives of this review article are (a) to provide rationale for the need to incorporate meaningful stakeholder analysis and contextual investigation in health technology development and biomedical engineering pedagogy, (b) to review existing frameworks and human- and equity-centered approaches to stakeholder engagement and contextual investigation for improved adoption of innovative technologies, and (c) to present case studyexamples of medical device design that apply these approaches to bridge the gaps between biomedical engineers and the contexts for which they are designing.

需要将传统的医疗器械设计以技术为中心的观点转变为以人为中心的观点,以弥合现有的转化差距,提高健康公平性。为了确保健康技术创新的成功和公平采用,工程师必须超越设备和直接最终用户的思维,必须在设计过程的早期寻求对更广泛的利益相关者需求和预期使用环境的更全面的理解。这篇综述文章的目的是(a)为在卫生技术开发和生物医学工程教学中纳入有意义的利益相关者分析和背景调查的必要性提供理论依据,(b)审查现有的框架以及以人为中心和公平为中心的利益相关者参与和背景调查方法,以改进创新技术的采用,以及(c)介绍医疗器械设计的案例研究示例,应用这些方法弥合生物医学工程师与其设计背景之间的差距。
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引用次数: 0
Neural Plasticity in Sensorimotor Brain-Machine Interfaces. 感觉运动脑机接口中的神经可塑性。
IF 9.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Epub Date: 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-110833
Maria C Dadarlat, Ryan A Canfield, Amy L Orsborn

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) aim to treat sensorimotor neurological disorders by creating artificial motor and/or sensory pathways. Introducing artificial pathways creates new relationships between sensory input and motor output, which the brain must learn to gain dexterous control. This review highlights the role of learning in BMIs to restore movement and sensation, and discusses how BMI design may influence neural plasticity and performance. The close integration of plasticity in sensory and motor function influences the design of both artificial pathways and will be an essential consideration for bidirectional devices that restore both sensory and motor function.

脑机接口(bmi)旨在通过创建人工运动和/或感觉通路来治疗感觉运动神经系统疾病。引入人工通路在感觉输入和运动输出之间建立了新的关系,大脑必须学会灵活地控制。这篇综述强调了学习在BMI中恢复运动和感觉的作用,并讨论了BMI设计如何影响神经可塑性和表现。感觉和运动功能可塑性的紧密结合影响了这两种人工通路的设计,这将是恢复感觉和运动功能的双向装置的基本考虑因素。
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引用次数: 0
Neurotechnology for Pain. 疼痛的神经技术。
IF 9.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Epub Date: 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-111022-121637
Lee E Fisher, Scott F Lempka

Neurotechnologies for treating pain rely on electrical stimulation of the central or peripheral nervous system to disrupt or block pain signaling and have been commercialized to treat a variety of pain conditions. While their adoption is accelerating, neurotechnologies are still frequently viewed as a last resort, after many other treatment options have been explored. We review the pain conditions commonly treated with electrical stimulation, as well as the specific neurotechnologies used for treating those conditions. We identify barriers to adoption, including a limited understanding of mechanisms of action, inconsistent efficacy across patients, and challenges related to selectivity of stimulation and off-target side effects. We describe design improvements that have recently been implemented, as well as some cutting-edge technologies that may address the limitations of existing neurotechnologies. Addressing these challenges will accelerate adoption and change neurotechnologies from last-line to first-line treatments for people living with chronic pain.

治疗疼痛的神经技术依赖于对中枢或周围神经系统的电刺激来破坏或阻断疼痛信号,并已被商业化用于治疗各种疼痛状况。虽然神经技术的应用正在加速,但在探索了许多其他治疗方案之后,神经技术仍然经常被视为最后的手段。我们回顾了通常用电刺激治疗的疼痛状况,以及用于治疗这些状况的特定神经技术。我们确定了采用的障碍,包括对作用机制的有限理解,不同患者的疗效不一致,以及与刺激选择性和脱靶副作用相关的挑战。我们描述了最近实施的设计改进,以及一些可能解决现有神经技术局限性的尖端技术。解决这些挑战将加速对慢性疼痛患者的采用,并将神经技术从最后一线治疗转变为一线治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Sex as a Biological Variable in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. 性别在组织工程和再生医学中的生物变量。
IF 9.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Epub Date: 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-092222-030857
Josephine B Allen, Christopher Ludtka, Bryan D James

Although sex differences have been noted in cellular function and behavior, therapy efficacy, and disease incidence and outcomes, the adoption of sex as a biological variable in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine remains limited. Furthering the development of personalized, precision medicine requires considering biological sex at the bench and in the clinic. This review provides the basis for considering biological sex when designing tissue-engineered constructs and regenerative therapies by contextualizing sex as a biological variable within the tissue engineering triad of cells, matrices, and signals. To achieve equity in biological sex within medicine requires a cultural shift in science and engineering research, with active engagement by researchers, clinicians, companies, policymakers, and funding agencies.

尽管性别差异在细胞功能和行为、治疗效果、疾病发病率和结果方面已经被注意到,但在组织工程和再生医学中,性别作为生物学变量的采用仍然有限。要进一步发展个性化、精准医疗,就需要在实验台上和临床中考虑生理性别。这篇综述为在设计组织工程结构和再生疗法时考虑生物性别提供了基础,通过将性别作为组织工程细胞、基质和信号三位一体中的生物变量。要在医学中实现生理性别的平等,需要科学和工程研究的文化转变,需要研究人员、临床医生、公司、政策制定者和资助机构的积极参与。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Advancements in Electroporation Technologies: From Bench to Clinic. 电穿孔技术的最新进展:从实验室到临床。
IF 9.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Epub Date: 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-023800
Sabrina N Campelo, Po-Hsun Huang, Cullen R Buie, Rafael V Davalos

Over the past decade, the increased adoption of electroporation-based technologies has led to an expansion of clinical research initiatives. Electroporation has been utilized in molecular biology for mammalian and bacterial transfection; for food sanitation; and in therapeutic settings to increase drug uptake, for gene therapy, and to eliminate cancerous tissues. We begin this article by discussing the biophysics required for understanding the concepts behind the cell permeation phenomenon that is electroporation. We then review nano- and microscale single-cell electroporation technologies before scaling up to emerging in vivo applications.

在过去的十年中,越来越多的采用基于电穿孔的技术导致了临床研究计划的扩展。电穿孔在分子生物学中用于哺乳动物和细菌转染;食品卫生;在治疗环境中增加药物摄取,用于基因治疗,消除癌变组织。我们首先讨论理解细胞渗透现象(即电穿孔)背后的概念所需的生物物理学。然后,我们回顾了纳米和微尺度的单细胞电穿孔技术,然后扩大到新兴的体内应用。
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引用次数: 0
Nanotechnologies for Physiology-Informed Drug Delivery to the Lymphatic System. 向淋巴系统输送生理学知情药物的纳米技术。
IF 9.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Epub Date: 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-092222-034906
Katharina Maisel, Claire A McClain, Amanda Bogseth, Susan N Thomas

Accompanying the increasing translational impact of immunotherapeutic strategies to treat and prevent disease has been a broadening interest across both bioscience and bioengineering in the lymphatic system. Herein, the lymphatic system physiology, ranging from its tissue structures to immune functions and effects, is described. Design principles and engineering approaches to analyze and manipulate this tissue system in nanoparticle-based drug delivery applications are also elaborated.

伴随着免疫治疗策略对治疗和预防疾病的转化影响越来越大,生物科学和生物工程对淋巴系统的兴趣也越来越大。本文介绍了淋巴系统的生理学,从其组织结构到免疫功能和作用。还阐述了在基于纳米颗粒的药物递送应用中分析和操作该组织系统的设计原理和工程方法。
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引用次数: 0
Bioelectronic Sensor Nodes for Internet of Bodies 身体互联网的生物电子传感器节点
IF 9.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2212.11370
Baibhab Chatterjee, P. Mohseni, Shreyas Sen
Energy-efficient sensing with Physically-secure communication for bio-sensors on, around and within the Human Body is a major area of research today for development of low-cost healthcare, enabling continuous monitoring and/or secure, perpetual operation. These devices, when used as a network of nodes form the Internet of Bodies (IoB), which poses certain challenges including stringent resource constraints (power/area/computation/memory), simultaneous sensing and communication, and security vulnerabilities as evidenced by the DHS and FDA advisories. One other major challenge is to find an efficient on-body energy harvesting method to support the sensing, communication, and security sub-modules. Due to the limitations in the harvested amount of energy, we require reduction of energy consumed per unit information, making the use of in-sensor analytics/processing imperative. In this paper, we review the challenges and opportunities in low-power sensing, processing and communication, with possible powering modalities for future bio-sensor nodes. Specifically, we analyze, compare and contrast (a) different sensing mechanisms such as voltage/current domain vs time-domain, (b) low-power, secure communication modalities including wireless techniques and human-body communication, and (c) different powering techniques for both wearable devices and implants.
为人体上、周围和内部的生物传感器提供具有物理安全通信的节能传感是当今低成本医疗保健发展的一个主要研究领域,可实现持续监测和/或安全、永久运行。当这些设备作为节点网络使用时,构成了物联网(IoB),这带来了一些挑战,包括严格的资源限制(功率/面积/计算/内存),同时传感和通信,以及DHS和FDA建议所证明的安全漏洞。另一个主要挑战是找到一种有效的身体能量收集方法来支持传感、通信和安全子模块。由于能量收集量的限制,我们需要减少每单位信息消耗的能量,这使得传感器内分析/处理的使用势在必行。在本文中,我们回顾了低功耗传感、处理和通信方面的挑战和机遇,以及未来生物传感器节点可能的供电方式。具体来说,我们分析,比较和对比(a)不同的传感机制,如电压/电流域与时域,(b)低功耗,安全的通信方式,包括无线技术和人体通信,以及(c)可穿戴设备和植入物的不同供电技术。
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引用次数: 0
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Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering
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