The present study investigates the incidence and infestation of ants, a ubiquitous predator in muga silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer) rearing. A survey was conducted during August 2021 to July 22 across Jorhat and Lakhimpur districts of Assam, involving 120 respondents from 8 villages. The findings revealed 100% of ant infestation during muga silkworm rearing, by Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricus) emerging as the most frequently observed and predacious species, particularly targeting the early larval instars. The respondents reported peak ant predation during the Aherua (June-July) crop cycle, with an estimated 1-25% crop loss. This study highlights the need for developing effective management strategies to mitigate the impact of ant predation on muga silk production.
{"title":"Impact of Ant Infestation on Muga Silkworms: Insights from Farmer Observations","authors":"Abhigyan Rajkhowa, Monimala Saikia, Dipankar Brahma, Jugabrat Sarma, Nilav Ranjan Bora, Rimpi Rani Saikia","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84905","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the incidence and infestation of ants, a ubiquitous predator in muga silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer) rearing. A survey was conducted during August 2021 to July 22 across Jorhat and Lakhimpur districts of Assam, involving 120 respondents from 8 villages. The findings revealed 100% of ant infestation during muga silkworm rearing, by Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricus) emerging as the most frequently observed and predacious species, particularly targeting the early larval instars. The respondents reported peak ant predation during the Aherua (June-July) crop cycle, with an estimated 1-25% crop loss. This study highlights the need for developing effective management strategies to mitigate the impact of ant predation on muga silk production.","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141919871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84906
Simarjeet Kaur, Jujhar Singh
The present investigation was conducted in the Experimental Farm, Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab during year 2023-24 with eight treatments comprising of different doses of integrated nutrients viz: T1 i.e., Control, T2 i.e., VAM (0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2)T3 i.e., PSB (0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2), T4 i.e., Azospirillum (0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2) ,T5 i.e., VAM + PSB (0.05+0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2), T6 i.e., VAM + Azospirillum (0.05 + 0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2), T7 i.e., Azospirillum + PSB (0.05 + 0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2), T8 i.e., RDF (40:20:20 g/m2), with three replications in randomized block design. The maximum plant height (41.72cm), number of leaves per stem (12.81cm), number of stems per plant (12.29), stem length (15.19cm), diameter of main stem (8.12mm), plant spread (33.13cm2), Leaf length (37.20cm), were recorded in T7 i.e., Azospirillum + PSB (0.05 + 0.05 g/m2) while minimum plant height (28.94cm), number of leaves per stem (8.14), number of stems per plant (6.92), stem length (9.18cm), diameter of main stem (5.59mm), plant spread (17.67cm2), was recorded under T1 i.e., control. T7 i.e., Azospirillum + PSB (0.05 + 0.05 g/m2) shows best results in number of flowers per plant (18.85) While minimum flowering attributes i.e., number of flowers per plant (6.44) was resulted in T1 i.e., control.
{"title":"Studies on the Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Flowering of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) Cv. Pusa Shwet","authors":"Simarjeet Kaur, Jujhar Singh","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84906","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was conducted in the Experimental Farm, Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab during year 2023-24 with eight treatments comprising of different doses of integrated nutrients viz: T1 i.e., Control, T2 i.e., VAM (0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2)T3 i.e., PSB (0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2), T4 i.e., Azospirillum (0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2) ,T5 i.e., VAM + PSB (0.05+0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2), T6 i.e., VAM + Azospirillum (0.05 + 0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2), T7 i.e., Azospirillum + PSB (0.05 + 0.05 g/m2) + NPK (20:10:10 g/m2), T8 i.e., RDF (40:20:20 g/m2), with three replications in randomized block design. The maximum plant height (41.72cm), number of leaves per stem (12.81cm), number of stems per plant (12.29), stem length (15.19cm), diameter of main stem (8.12mm), plant spread (33.13cm2), Leaf length (37.20cm), were recorded in T7 i.e., Azospirillum + PSB (0.05 + 0.05 g/m2) while minimum plant height (28.94cm), number of leaves per stem (8.14), number of stems per plant (6.92), stem length (9.18cm), diameter of main stem (5.59mm), plant spread (17.67cm2), was recorded under T1 i.e., control. T7 i.e., Azospirillum + PSB (0.05 + 0.05 g/m2) shows best results in number of flowers per plant (18.85) While minimum flowering attributes i.e., number of flowers per plant (6.44) was resulted in T1 i.e., control.","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84907
Abhijit Saha, Kushal Dasgupta, Atanu Mahanty
Aims: To study the effect of organic manures and chemical fertilizers on growth and yields of Sesame. Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted in lower Gangetic alluvial soils of West Bengal at agricultural experimental farm of University of Calcutta, Baruipur, South 24 Parganas during summer season of 2021. Methodology: The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with eight treatments replicated thrice and the variety used was Sabitri. The treatments were: NPK@ 50:30:25+ Manganese Sulphate (5 kg/ hectare) (T1), FYM + NPK @ 35:23:23 (T2), NPK @ 21:23:23+ Seed treatment with Azospirillum (600 g/ha) + Phosphobacteria (600 g/ha) (T3), Seed treatment with turmeric powder @ 10 gm/kg, Soil application of Organic Amendment with FYM and Neem cake @150 kg/ha (1:1), Untreated check (T5), Application of soil ment (11.12 kg/ha) (T6), Application of Humic acid (3.6 kg/ha) (T7), Application of sea weed (2 ml/l of water) (T8), A uniform dose of FYM was applied to all the plots as basal. Results: Maximum plant height (93.45 cm), dry matter accumulation (104.19 g/m2) and LAI (4.77), Length of capsule (3.38 cm), no. of capsule/plant (64.6), no. of seeds/capsule (77.62), grain yield (930.12 kg/ha) and straw yield (2676.97 kg/ha) were recorded from the application of NPK @ 21:23:23+ Seed treatment with Azospirillum (600 g/ha) + Phosphobacteria (600 g/ha) (T3). Conclusion: The result of the present study revealed that integrated application of NPK along with biofertilizers [NPK @ 21:23:23 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum (600 g/ha) + Phosphobacteria (600 g/ha)] gave higher growth attributes, yield attributes and yield.
{"title":"Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yields of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) at Lower Gangetic Alluvial Zone of West Bengal","authors":"Abhijit Saha, Kushal Dasgupta, Atanu Mahanty","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84907","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To study the effect of organic manures and chemical fertilizers on growth and yields of Sesame. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted in lower Gangetic alluvial soils of West Bengal at agricultural experimental farm of University of Calcutta, Baruipur, South 24 Parganas during summer season of 2021. \u0000Methodology: The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with eight treatments replicated thrice and the variety used was Sabitri. The treatments were: NPK@ 50:30:25+ Manganese Sulphate (5 kg/ hectare) (T1), FYM + NPK @ 35:23:23 (T2), NPK @ 21:23:23+ Seed treatment with Azospirillum (600 g/ha) + Phosphobacteria (600 g/ha) (T3), Seed treatment with turmeric powder @ 10 gm/kg, Soil application of Organic Amendment with FYM and Neem cake @150 kg/ha (1:1), Untreated check (T5), Application of soil ment (11.12 kg/ha) (T6), Application of Humic acid (3.6 kg/ha) (T7), Application of sea weed (2 ml/l of water) (T8), A uniform dose of FYM was applied to all the plots as basal. \u0000Results: Maximum plant height (93.45 cm), dry matter accumulation (104.19 g/m2) and LAI (4.77), Length of capsule (3.38 cm), no. of capsule/plant (64.6), no. of seeds/capsule (77.62), grain yield (930.12 kg/ha) and straw yield (2676.97 kg/ha) were recorded from the application of NPK @ 21:23:23+ Seed treatment with Azospirillum (600 g/ha) + Phosphobacteria (600 g/ha) (T3). \u0000Conclusion: The result of the present study revealed that integrated application of NPK along with biofertilizers [NPK @ 21:23:23 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum (600 g/ha) + Phosphobacteria (600 g/ha)] gave higher growth attributes, yield attributes and yield.","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84903
C. Sarma, G. C. Bora, S. Deka, P. K. Goswami
A research work was conducted at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during rabi season of 2021-2022 to evaluate the effect of different bio-formulations on enhancement of seed quality and yield in garden pea. The laboratory analysis were conducted in Complete Randomized Design for seed vigour characteristics whereas the field experiment was laid out in factorial Randomized Block Design for assessing plant growth and yield attributing characters. The experiment involved two varieties of garden pea viz., Arkel and DS-10, each having seven treatments with three replications. The treatments comprised of T1- untreated control, T2- Hydropriming, T3- seed priming with Trichoderma viride @ 5g/kg, T4- PSB @ 10g/kg, T5- Rhizobium @ 20 g/kg, T6- PSB @ 10g/kg + Rhizobium @ 20 g/kg and T7- Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg. Before sowing, the seeds of both the varieties were soaked in water for 4 hours and bio-primed with the above mentioned bio-formulations. The results revealed significant difference amongst the treatments for most of the plant growth promoting and yield attributing characters. T6 exhibited highest performance for most of the characters. Varietal performance of DS-10 was found better than Arkel. Laboratory observations also recorded the maximum germination (%) and seed vigour index I & II in the T6 treatment. However, significant increase in germination related characters and early seedling growth was exhibited by all the treatments over the control. The experiment thus revealed that although all bio-formulations viz., PSB, Rhizobium, Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens alone and in combination could improve seed quality, seed yield & yield attributing characters but the best performance could be achieved in T6 i.e. by applying PSB@ 10g/kg + Rhizobium @ 20 g/kg. Therefore, it could be suggested that seed treatment with bio-formulations should be done for better seed production and seed yield in garden pea.
{"title":"Role of Bio-formulation on Enhancement of Seed Quality and Yield in Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.)","authors":"C. Sarma, G. C. Bora, S. Deka, P. K. Goswami","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84903","url":null,"abstract":"A research work was conducted at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during rabi season of 2021-2022 to evaluate the effect of different bio-formulations on enhancement of seed quality and yield in garden pea. The laboratory analysis were conducted in Complete Randomized Design for seed vigour characteristics whereas the field experiment was laid out in factorial Randomized Block Design for assessing plant growth and yield attributing characters. The experiment involved two varieties of garden pea viz., Arkel and DS-10, each having seven treatments with three replications. The treatments comprised of T1- untreated control, T2- Hydropriming, T3- seed priming with Trichoderma viride @ 5g/kg, T4- PSB @ 10g/kg, T5- Rhizobium @ 20 g/kg, T6- PSB @ 10g/kg + Rhizobium @ 20 g/kg and T7- Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg. Before sowing, the seeds of both the varieties were soaked in water for 4 hours and bio-primed with the above mentioned bio-formulations. The results revealed significant difference amongst the treatments for most of the plant growth promoting and yield attributing characters. T6 exhibited highest performance for most of the characters. Varietal performance of DS-10 was found better than Arkel. Laboratory observations also recorded the maximum germination (%) and seed vigour index I & II in the T6 treatment. However, significant increase in germination related characters and early seedling growth was exhibited by all the treatments over the control. The experiment thus revealed that although all bio-formulations viz., PSB, Rhizobium, Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens alone and in combination could improve seed quality, seed yield & yield attributing characters but the best performance could be achieved in T6 i.e. by applying PSB@ 10g/kg + Rhizobium @ 20 g/kg. Therefore, it could be suggested that seed treatment with bio-formulations should be done for better seed production and seed yield in garden pea.","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84900
Noria Merin Sakariah, G. Lal
Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] belongs to the family of Leguminosae (Fabaceae) and it is an important annual legume crop widely cultivated in semi-arid tropics. In the present investigation, a total of 20 lines of greengram including one check variety were evaluated during Zaid, 2023 in Randomized Block Design with three replications for genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance by using 13 quantitative traits and to study morphological variation for these 13 quantitative characters by metroglyph and index score method. Analysis of variance for various quantitative characters revealed that the mean sum of squares due to genotypes showed high significant differences for all characters under study at 1% level and 5% level of significance. High GCV, PCV, heritability, and genetic advance were recorded by number of pods per plant. Based on metroglyph analysis and scatter diagram, 20 genotypes were grouped into 5 complexes, and the maximum number of genotypes (15) were found in group I. The two most variable characters, number of pods per plant and plant height (cm) were selected for the X and Y axes, respectively. The germplasm lines VIRAT (31), CO-7 (31), LGG-407 (30), AMULYA (29) and IPM-2-3 (29) recorded high index scores and fell into different clusters do well for morphological variations for a greater number of traits. Thus, the use of these genotypes in future breeding programs for crossing to obtain maximum variability of good combinations is suggested.
{"title":"Studies on Genetic Variability and Morphological Variations of Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Germplasm","authors":"Noria Merin Sakariah, G. Lal","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84900","url":null,"abstract":"Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] belongs to the family of Leguminosae (Fabaceae) and it is an important annual legume crop widely cultivated in semi-arid tropics. In the present investigation, a total of 20 lines of greengram including one check variety were evaluated during Zaid, 2023 in Randomized Block Design with three replications for genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance by using 13 quantitative traits and to study morphological variation for these 13 quantitative characters by metroglyph and index score method. Analysis of variance for various quantitative characters revealed that the mean sum of squares due to genotypes showed high significant differences for all characters under study at 1% level and 5% level of significance. High GCV, PCV, heritability, and genetic advance were recorded by number of pods per plant. Based on metroglyph analysis and scatter diagram, 20 genotypes were grouped into 5 complexes, and the maximum number of genotypes (15) were found in group I. The two most variable characters, number of pods per plant and plant height (cm) were selected for the X and Y axes, respectively. The germplasm lines VIRAT (31), CO-7 (31), LGG-407 (30), AMULYA (29) and IPM-2-3 (29) recorded high index scores and fell into different clusters do well for morphological variations for a greater number of traits. Thus, the use of these genotypes in future breeding programs for crossing to obtain maximum variability of good combinations is suggested.","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84901
M. M. Pandya, R. R. Acharya, N. A. Patel, K. B. Kathiria, A. Bhanvadia, D. D. Gohil, J. N. Patel, V. Joshi
India is the top country by the okra production in the world. Due to the principal significance of maximizing agricultural benefits for farmers in the existing context of Gujarat, there was a compelling need for the development of a high-yielding dual-season variety of okra. The genotype has been specifically developed for cultivation during the summer and kharif seasons in the central region of Gujarat. Systematic testing was conducted in Preliminary Evaluation Trial II (PET II) from 2016 onwards, spanning various trials across diverse locations within the state from 2017 to 2020, encompassing both kharif and summer seasons. As a result of its commendable performance, the genotype designated as Anand Komal was developed for consideration and endorsement under the specific agro-climatic conditions prevalent in central Gujarat. The new variety excels in middle Gujarat, yielding 125.00 q/ha, surpassing GAO 5, GO 6, and Pusa Sawani by 21.49, 44.82, and 42.05% during kharif and summer. It features dark green, tender fruits with strong leaf serration and deep lobbing, tall stature, more nodes, and short internodes. It contains higher phenol (0.13%), soluble sugars (2.50%), and chlorophyll (0.55 mg/g) and shows lower susceptibility to major diseases and pests. ISSR marker "ISSR-25" delineated distinct genetic profiles among the okra samples, particularly highlighting the genetic uniqueness of variety AOL-16-01. This variety presents a promising option for middle Gujarat, offering improved yields and enhanced resilience to agricultural challenges.
{"title":"Assessing High-yielding Variety Anand Komal for Dual-season Cultivation of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in Middle Gujarat Agro Climatic Condition","authors":"M. M. Pandya, R. R. Acharya, N. A. Patel, K. B. Kathiria, A. Bhanvadia, D. D. Gohil, J. N. Patel, V. Joshi","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84901","url":null,"abstract":"India is the top country by the okra production in the world. Due to the principal significance of maximizing agricultural benefits for farmers in the existing context of Gujarat, there was a compelling need for the development of a high-yielding dual-season variety of okra. The genotype has been specifically developed for cultivation during the summer and kharif seasons in the central region of Gujarat. Systematic testing was conducted in Preliminary Evaluation Trial II (PET II) from 2016 onwards, spanning various trials across diverse locations within the state from 2017 to 2020, encompassing both kharif and summer seasons. As a result of its commendable performance, the genotype designated as Anand Komal was developed for consideration and endorsement under the specific agro-climatic conditions prevalent in central Gujarat. The new variety excels in middle Gujarat, yielding 125.00 q/ha, surpassing GAO 5, GO 6, and Pusa Sawani by 21.49, 44.82, and 42.05% during kharif and summer. It features dark green, tender fruits with strong leaf serration and deep lobbing, tall stature, more nodes, and short internodes. It contains higher phenol (0.13%), soluble sugars (2.50%), and chlorophyll (0.55 mg/g) and shows lower susceptibility to major diseases and pests. ISSR marker \"ISSR-25\" delineated distinct genetic profiles among the okra samples, particularly highlighting the genetic uniqueness of variety AOL-16-01. This variety presents a promising option for middle Gujarat, offering improved yields and enhanced resilience to agricultural challenges.","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84904
I. El-Akhdar, M. Shabana, K. El-Naqma, Tarek Alshaal
The main objective of this investigation was to boost wheat productivity by reinforce calcareous, sandy and clay soils properties, i.e., some physical and chemical properties of the study soils using organic farmyard manure and Spirulina platensis extract (SPE) for achieving the sustainable agriculture aspect. The field experiments conducted in Kafr El-Sheikh and El-Behera Governorates, Egypt. Yield of wheat crop, concentrations of macronutrient in grains and straw as well as total microbial count were determined. Application of organic farmyard manure (FYM) significantly improved the hydro-physical properties of tested soils, i.e., Bulk density (Mg m-3), Total porosity (%), EC dS.m-1, pH, organic matter, SAR, Cations (Na+, K+, Ca++, and Mg++ meqL-1), Anions (CO3=, HCO3-, Cl- and SO4= meqL-1) and chemical available macronutrient (NPK) compared to control (minerals fertilizer) in the cultivated soils during 2022 and 2023 seasons. Also, Application of Farmyard Manure (FYM), with rate of 10-ton ha-1 and foliar with SPE consisted of 2.4 L during the vegetative growth stages of wheat alone or together improved the yield content of grains and straw of wheat as well as concentrations of N, P, K and protein content during two separated seasons with all soil types under studied. Clay soil had the best effect with the treatments compared with minerals applied where the calcareous soil came in the second-order while the sandy soil came in the last order. Clay soil with the great number of total count. Also, results showed that clay soil was the best effected with FYM application compared with other soils. Thus, on a long- term, these treatments can replace partially N, P and K mineral fertilizers, which reduce production costs and conserve the environment from chemical pollution hazards on human and animal health. Also, will enhance soil propertied and wheat productivity in clay, calcareous and sandy soils.
{"title":"Enhancing Wheat Growth on Calcareous, Sandy, and Clay Soils through Farmyard Manure and Spirulina Extract Applications for Sustainable Agriculture","authors":"I. El-Akhdar, M. Shabana, K. El-Naqma, Tarek Alshaal","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84904","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this investigation was to boost wheat productivity by reinforce calcareous, sandy and clay soils properties, i.e., some physical and chemical properties of the study soils using organic farmyard manure and Spirulina platensis extract (SPE) for achieving the sustainable agriculture aspect. The field experiments conducted in Kafr El-Sheikh and El-Behera Governorates, Egypt. Yield of wheat crop, concentrations of macronutrient in grains and straw as well as total microbial count were determined. Application of organic farmyard manure (FYM) significantly improved the hydro-physical properties of tested soils, i.e., Bulk density (Mg m-3), Total porosity (%), EC dS.m-1, pH, organic matter, SAR, Cations (Na+, K+, Ca++, and Mg++ meqL-1), Anions (CO3=, HCO3-, Cl- and SO4= meqL-1) and chemical available macronutrient (NPK) compared to control (minerals fertilizer) in the cultivated soils during 2022 and 2023 seasons. Also, Application of Farmyard Manure (FYM), with rate of 10-ton ha-1 and foliar with SPE consisted of 2.4 L during the vegetative growth stages of wheat alone or together improved the yield content of grains and straw of wheat as well as concentrations of N, P, K and protein content during two separated seasons with all soil types under studied. Clay soil had the best effect with the treatments compared with minerals applied where the calcareous soil came in the second-order while the sandy soil came in the last order. Clay soil with the great number of total count. Also, results showed that clay soil was the best effected with FYM application compared with other soils. Thus, on a long- term, these treatments can replace partially N, P and K mineral fertilizers, which reduce production costs and conserve the environment from chemical pollution hazards on human and animal health. Also, will enhance soil propertied and wheat productivity in clay, calcareous and sandy soils.","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141922712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84899
Bijay Kumar Singh, Anita Tomar, Akansha Singh
A field experiment was conducted to develop the regression models of biomass for three fast-growing trees, viz., Populus deltoides (Poplar), Eucalyptus spp. (Eucalyptus) and Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarina) in high-density plantation after two years at three different spacings, viz., 1m×1m, 1.2m×1.2m and 1.5m×1.5m in village Padilla, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The trial was established in year 2021 and data was collected after two years. The result indicateds the maximum height range was found in T2: Eucalyptus (1m×1m) 7.5m followed by T8: Eucalyptus (1.5m×1.5m) 5.3m whereas the maximum girth range was found in T2: Eucalyptus (1m×1m) 12.5cm followed by T7: Poplar (1.5m×1.5m) 11.7cm. The bole linear function for height and girth in 2nd year maximum R2 was found in T8: Eucalyptus (1.5m×1.5m) 0.969 followed by T6: Casuarina (1.2m×1.2m) 0.958 whereas the branch’s linear function for height and girth was maximum R2 in 2nd year maximum in T2: Eucalyptus (1m×1m) 0.947 followed by T4: Poplar (1.2m×1.2m) 0.838. The leaves’ linear function for height and girth was maximum R2 in 2nd year maximum found in T9: Casuarina (1.5m×1.5m) 0.903 followed by T5: Eucalyptus (1.2m×1.2m) 0.861 whereas the AGB linear function for height and girth was maximum R2 in 2nd year maximum found in T2: Eucalyptus (1m×1m) 0.976 followed by T6: Casuarina (1.2m×1.2m) 0.965. The bole biomass maximum found after 2nd year T4: Poplar (1.2m×1.2m) 2.801 kgtree-1 followed by T2: Eucalyptus (1m×1m) 2.801 kgtree-1 whereas in 2nd year branch biomass maximum found in T8: Eucalyptus (1.5m×1.5m) 1.130 kgtree-1 followed by T4: Poplar (1.2m×1.2m) 0.982 kgtree-1. The leaves biomass maximum found in 2nd year maximum found in T8: Eucalyptus (1.5m×1.5m) 1.950 kgtree-1 followed by T2: Eucalyptus (1m×1m) 1.617 kgtree-1 whereas in 2nd year AGB maximum in T2: Eucalyptus (1m×1m) 5.285 kgtree-1 followed by T8: Eucalyptus (1.5m×1.5m) 4.803 kgtree-1.
{"title":"Biomass Estimation Models of Three Fast-growing Tree Species in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India","authors":"Bijay Kumar Singh, Anita Tomar, Akansha Singh","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84899","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to develop the regression models of biomass for three fast-growing trees, viz., Populus deltoides (Poplar), Eucalyptus spp. (Eucalyptus) and Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarina) in high-density plantation after two years at three different spacings, viz., 1m×1m, 1.2m×1.2m and 1.5m×1.5m in village Padilla, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The trial was established in year 2021 and data was collected after two years. The result indicateds the maximum height range was found in T2: Eucalyptus (1m×1m) 7.5m followed by T8: Eucalyptus (1.5m×1.5m) 5.3m whereas the maximum girth range was found in T2: Eucalyptus (1m×1m) 12.5cm followed by T7: Poplar (1.5m×1.5m) 11.7cm. The bole linear function for height and girth in 2nd year maximum R2 was found in T8: Eucalyptus (1.5m×1.5m) 0.969 followed by T6: Casuarina (1.2m×1.2m) 0.958 whereas the branch’s linear function for height and girth was maximum R2 in 2nd year maximum in T2: Eucalyptus (1m×1m) 0.947 followed by T4: Poplar (1.2m×1.2m) 0.838. The leaves’ linear function for height and girth was maximum R2 in 2nd year maximum found in T9: Casuarina (1.5m×1.5m) 0.903 followed by T5: Eucalyptus (1.2m×1.2m) 0.861 whereas the AGB linear function for height and girth was maximum R2 in 2nd year maximum found in T2: Eucalyptus (1m×1m) 0.976 followed by T6: Casuarina (1.2m×1.2m) 0.965. The bole biomass maximum found after 2nd year T4: Poplar (1.2m×1.2m) 2.801 kgtree-1 followed by T2: Eucalyptus (1m×1m) 2.801 kgtree-1 whereas in 2nd year branch biomass maximum found in T8: Eucalyptus (1.5m×1.5m) 1.130 kgtree-1 followed by T4: Poplar (1.2m×1.2m) 0.982 kgtree-1. The leaves biomass maximum found in 2nd year maximum found in T8: Eucalyptus (1.5m×1.5m) 1.950 kgtree-1 followed by T2: Eucalyptus (1m×1m) 1.617 kgtree-1 whereas in 2nd year AGB maximum in T2: Eucalyptus (1m×1m) 5.285 kgtree-1 followed by T8: Eucalyptus (1.5m×1.5m) 4.803 kgtree-1.","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84902
A Raj Kumar, Anil Kumar
The field experiment was conducted at Main Experimental Station of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) during the Kharif, 2014 to study theeffect of integrated nutrient management on soil properties, growth Characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa). The experiment comprised of ten treatments viz. T1 (control), T2 (100% RDF) T3 (125% RDF), T4 (100% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1), T5 (100% RDF + Brown manuring), T6 (100% RDF + BGA@ 10 kg ha-1), T7 (100% RDF + PSB), T8 (Farmers practice (N100:P40:K0), T9 (100% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + PSB + Azatobacter + BGA) and T10 (100% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + PSB + Azatobacter + Brown manuring) in Randomized Block Design with three replications with rice variety NDR-97 was taken. The experimental soil was silty loam in texture having the maximum values of pH (7.88), EC (0.32 dSm-1), organic carbon (0.34 %).
{"title":"Effect of INM on Growth Parameters of Rice Grown on Alluvial Calcareous Soil","authors":"A Raj Kumar, Anil Kumar","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84902","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was conducted at Main Experimental Station of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) during the Kharif, 2014 to study theeffect of integrated nutrient management on soil properties, growth Characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa). The experiment comprised of ten treatments viz. T1 (control), T2 (100% RDF) T3 (125% RDF), T4 (100% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1), T5 (100% RDF + Brown manuring), T6 (100% RDF + BGA@ 10 kg ha-1), T7 (100% RDF + PSB), T8 (Farmers practice (N100:P40:K0), T9 (100% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + PSB + Azatobacter + BGA) and T10 (100% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + PSB + Azatobacter + Brown manuring) in Randomized Block Design with three replications with rice variety NDR-97 was taken. The experimental soil was silty loam in texture having the maximum values of pH (7.88), EC (0.32 dSm-1), organic carbon (0.34 %).","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84898
Mohit Tomar, G. Malgaya, Sharda Dubey, Avtar Singh, Jayshree Jalsingod
The study was to evaluate the impact of Nano DAP on the growth and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), specifically on the HI-1634 (Pusha Ahilya) variety, through foliar application. The experiment laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The field experiment was carried out during the Rabi season of 2023/24 at the School of Agriculture, Research farm of DR. C.V. Raman University in Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh, India. There were seven treatments consisting of different doses of T1-100% NPK, T2-75% N and P and 100% K, T3- 50% N and P and 100% K, T4- T2 + ST with Nano DAP @ 5 ml/kg seed + FS with Nano DAP @ 2 ml/litter of water, T5-T3 + ST with Nano DAP @ 5 ml/kg seed + FS with Nano DAP @ 4 ml/liter of water, T6- T2 + ST with Nano DAP @ 5 ml/kg seed + FS with Nano DAP @ 4 ml/litter of water at and T7- Control. The findings revealed that treatmenT1 resulted in the highest number of tillers and yield, followed by T6, which significantly higher performance with the application of 100% NPK. The foliar sprays of Nano-DAP in T1 treatment showed promising outcomes in terms of tillers, grains earhead-1, spikelet earhead-1, earhead-1 length, and yield ha-1. It is evident that utilizing Nano DAP in place of half of traditional DAP, as well as treating seeds with Nano DAP, leads to superior root growth and overall crop development.
{"title":"Effect of Nano DAP on Growth and Yield Performance of Triticum aestivum (L.) East Nimar Region, Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh, India","authors":"Mohit Tomar, G. Malgaya, Sharda Dubey, Avtar Singh, Jayshree Jalsingod","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84898","url":null,"abstract":"The study was to evaluate the impact of Nano DAP on the growth and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), specifically on the HI-1634 (Pusha Ahilya) variety, through foliar application. The experiment laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The field experiment was carried out during the Rabi season of 2023/24 at the School of Agriculture, Research farm of DR. C.V. Raman University in Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh, India. There were seven treatments consisting of different doses of T1-100% NPK, T2-75% N and P and 100% K, T3- 50% N and P and 100% K, T4- T2 + ST with Nano DAP @ 5 ml/kg seed + FS with Nano DAP @ 2 ml/litter of water, T5-T3 + ST with Nano DAP @ 5 ml/kg seed + FS with Nano DAP @ 4 ml/liter of water, T6- T2 + ST with Nano DAP @ 5 ml/kg seed + FS with Nano DAP @ 4 ml/litter of water at and T7- Control. The findings revealed that treatmenT1 resulted in the highest number of tillers and yield, followed by T6, which significantly higher performance with the application of 100% NPK. The foliar sprays of Nano-DAP in T1 treatment showed promising outcomes in terms of tillers, grains earhead-1, spikelet earhead-1, earhead-1 length, and yield ha-1. It is evident that utilizing Nano DAP in place of half of traditional DAP, as well as treating seeds with Nano DAP, leads to superior root growth and overall crop development.","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：