Pub Date : 2024-04-23DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64608
.. Ramnath, Nagendra Kumar Verma
The present experimental study was carried out during Rabi season 2020-21 at Instructional farm, BTC College of Agriculture and Research station, Bilaspur (C.G.). The soil of the experimental field was clay in texture. The wheat Var. HI-1544 was grown and treatments were replicated three times in randomized block design. The experiment consists of nine treatments The crop was sown on 11th November, 2020 and harvesting was done on 24th March, 2021.The result revealed that maximum yield parameters the significantly higher grain (45.55 q ha1) and straw (46.45 q ha-1) yields were observed under the treatment 150 % RDF NPK + Two spray of growth regulator at first node (35 DAS) and boot leaf stage (60 DAS) (T9). Further, among the nutrient management treatment, significantly maximum grain and straw yield up to (43.65q ha-1) and (46.35q ha-1) respectively were recorded under150 % RDF NPK (T6). However, the treatment (T9) was statically similar with the treatment (T6). The improvement in yield attributes and yield of wheat was recorded with the application of 150 % RDF NPK + Two spray of growth regulator at first node (35 DAS) and boot leaf stage (60 DAS) (T9) which was at par with the application of 150 % RDF NPK (T6). Treatment (T9) assigned yield advantage of 21.19 % and 21.52 % in grain and straw yield respectively as compared to 150 % RDF NPK (T6).
{"title":"Effect of NPK and Growth Regulators on Yield Attributes of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":".. Ramnath, Nagendra Kumar Verma","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64608","url":null,"abstract":"The present experimental study was carried out during Rabi season 2020-21 at Instructional farm, BTC College of Agriculture and Research station, Bilaspur (C.G.). The soil of the experimental field was clay in texture. The wheat Var. HI-1544 was grown and treatments were replicated three times in randomized block design. The experiment consists of nine treatments The crop was sown on 11th November, 2020 and harvesting was done on 24th March, 2021.The result revealed that maximum yield parameters the significantly higher grain (45.55 q ha1) and straw (46.45 q ha-1) yields were observed under the treatment 150 % RDF NPK + Two spray of growth regulator at first node (35 DAS) and boot leaf stage (60 DAS) (T9). Further, among the nutrient management treatment, significantly maximum grain and straw yield up to (43.65q ha-1) and (46.35q ha-1) respectively were recorded under150 % RDF NPK (T6). However, the treatment (T9) was statically similar with the treatment (T6). The improvement in yield attributes and yield of wheat was recorded with the application of 150 % RDF NPK + Two spray of growth regulator at first node (35 DAS) and boot leaf stage (60 DAS) (T9) which was at par with the application of 150 % RDF NPK (T6). Treatment (T9) assigned yield advantage of 21.19 % and 21.52 % in grain and straw yield respectively as compared to 150 % RDF NPK (T6).","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140666353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the relationship between iron (Fe) heterogeneity in soil and Fe uptake by water leaf (Talinum triangulaire). A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with water leaf grown under three treatments; control (0mg/kg Fe added), homogeneous (1000mg/kg Fe added), and heterogeneous (simulated realistic heterogeneity) for six weeks after initial establishment in the nursery for four weeks). At harvest, plant samples were cut, washed, dried, milled into powder and analyzed for iron concentrations using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) Thermos Fisher Scientific Model 3000 ICE after acid digest by Nitric acid (HNO3). The mean root Fe concentrations of the control, homogeneous and heterogeneous treatments were 1263 ±154mg/kg, 1504 ±178mg/kg and 1393mg/kg ±140mg/kg respectively. The mean shoot Fe concentrations of the control, homogeneous and heterogeneous treatments were 904 ±174u mg/kg, 1401±117 mg/kg and 1045 ±95 mg/kg respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (p >0.005) in shoot and root Fe concentration between treatments. However, the homogeneous treatment was 0.19 times higher than the control and 0.07 times higher than the heterogeneous treatment. Iron level in the roots was 0.35 times high as the control and 0.25 times higher than the heterogeneous treatment. The Concentration factors for the control, homogeneous, and heterogeneous treatments were 0.1118, 0.1498 and 0.1258 respectively. The similarity in concentration factor between treatments showed that it is an accumulator of Fe and has the affinity for Fe irrespective of the varied soil concentrations. These findings indicate that water leaf possesses mechanisms enabling efficient Fe acquisition from variable soil conditions. Overall, the study provides initial evidence that water leaf is resilient to variability in soil Fe distribution, holding implications for its improved cultivation. However, further research on the specific genes and processes governing iron mobilization and uptake in water leaf is recommended.
{"title":"Iron Heterogeneity in Soil and its Relation to its Uptake by Water Leaf (Talinum Triangulaire L.)","authors":"Ogunlade-Anibasa, G.O., Aniki, S.O., Ameh, P.T., .. Igwemmar, N.C","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64607","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the relationship between iron (Fe) heterogeneity in soil and Fe uptake by water leaf (Talinum triangulaire). A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with water leaf grown under three treatments; control (0mg/kg Fe added), homogeneous (1000mg/kg Fe added), and heterogeneous (simulated realistic heterogeneity) for six weeks after initial establishment in the nursery for four weeks). At harvest, plant samples were cut, washed, dried, milled into powder and analyzed for iron concentrations using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) Thermos Fisher Scientific Model 3000 ICE after acid digest by Nitric acid (HNO3). The mean root Fe concentrations of the control, homogeneous and heterogeneous treatments were 1263 ±154mg/kg, 1504 ±178mg/kg and 1393mg/kg ±140mg/kg respectively. The mean shoot Fe concentrations of the control, homogeneous and heterogeneous treatments were 904 ±174u mg/kg, 1401±117 mg/kg and 1045 ±95 mg/kg respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (p >0.005) in shoot and root Fe concentration between treatments. However, the homogeneous treatment was 0.19 times higher than the control and 0.07 times higher than the heterogeneous treatment. Iron level in the roots was 0.35 times high as the control and 0.25 times higher than the heterogeneous treatment. The Concentration factors for the control, homogeneous, and heterogeneous treatments were 0.1118, 0.1498 and 0.1258 respectively. The similarity in concentration factor between treatments showed that it is an accumulator of Fe and has the affinity for Fe irrespective of the varied soil concentrations. These findings indicate that water leaf possesses mechanisms enabling efficient Fe acquisition from variable soil conditions. Overall, the study provides initial evidence that water leaf is resilient to variability in soil Fe distribution, holding implications for its improved cultivation. However, further research on the specific genes and processes governing iron mobilization and uptake in water leaf is recommended.","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140667712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64606
Alemayehu Biri, Gashaw Sefera, Abreham Feyisa, Name Kinati, E. Bedada
Plant density and poor soil fertility are among the major factors that limit faba bean production in the study areas. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to determine the optimum NPS (nitrogen, phosphate, and sulfur with the ratio of 19% N, 38% P2O5, and 7% S) rate and appropriate inter-row spacing for faba bean production in the highlands of the north Shewa zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. Factorial combination of four rates of NPS (0, 50, 100, 150 kg ha-1) and four inter-row spacing (30, 40, 50, 60cm) were laid out in a Randomized Compete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The result of the study indicated that the soil required amending with organic fertilizers to enhance soil fertility. Both the main and the interaction effects of NPS and inter-row spacing significantly influenced the faba bean phenological and growth parameters. However, NPS had more profound effects in enhancing the growth response of the crop than inter-row spacing. Increasing the rate of NPS from nil to 100 kg ha-1 resulted in a 30% increase in grain yield, with no further increases noted beyond this level. However, the result revealed that increased inter-row spacing from 30cm to 60cm decreased grain yield. Decreasing inter-row spacing implies high plant density, which consequently correlates with high yield. The total yield per unit area depends not only on the performance of individual plants but also on the density of plants per unit area, as confirmed in this study. The maximum net benefit of 91,639.5 ETB ha-1 with an acceptable marginal rate of return 486.3% was obtained from the application of 100 kg ha-1 NPS rate and 30 cm inter-row spacing. Thus, this rate and inter-row spacing are suggested for faba bean production in the north shewa zone.
{"title":"Effect of NPS Rates and Row Spacing on Production of Faba Bean (Viciafaba L.) at High-land of North Shewa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Alemayehu Biri, Gashaw Sefera, Abreham Feyisa, Name Kinati, E. Bedada","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64606","url":null,"abstract":"Plant density and poor soil fertility are among the major factors that limit faba bean production in the study areas. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to determine the optimum NPS (nitrogen, phosphate, and sulfur with the ratio of 19% N, 38% P2O5, and 7% S) rate and appropriate inter-row spacing for faba bean production in the highlands of the north Shewa zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. Factorial combination of four rates of NPS (0, 50, 100, 150 kg ha-1) and four inter-row spacing (30, 40, 50, 60cm) were laid out in a Randomized Compete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The result of the study indicated that the soil required amending with organic fertilizers to enhance soil fertility. Both the main and the interaction effects of NPS and inter-row spacing significantly influenced the faba bean phenological and growth parameters. However, NPS had more profound effects in enhancing the growth response of the crop than inter-row spacing. Increasing the rate of NPS from nil to 100 kg ha-1 resulted in a 30% increase in grain yield, with no further increases noted beyond this level. However, the result revealed that increased inter-row spacing from 30cm to 60cm decreased grain yield. Decreasing inter-row spacing implies high plant density, which consequently correlates with high yield. The total yield per unit area depends not only on the performance of individual plants but also on the density of plants per unit area, as confirmed in this study. The maximum net benefit of 91,639.5 ETB ha-1 with an acceptable marginal rate of return 486.3% was obtained from the application of 100 kg ha-1 NPS rate and 30 cm inter-row spacing. Thus, this rate and inter-row spacing are suggested for faba bean production in the north shewa zone.","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stubble burning, a common agricultural practice, has gained significant attention due to its adverse effects on soil properties and environmental sustainability. The in-situ burning of stubble, especially in the context of the rice-wheat cropping system, can significantly alter the physical and chemical properties of soil, particularly in the topsoil layer. The factors contributing to crop residue burning in India include time constraints between successive crops which necessitates the need to clear fields quickly and limited access to mechanized equipment for residue management. As a result, many farmers resort to burning crop residues as a quick and cost-effective method to clear fields for the next planting season. In situ stubble management techniques offer sustainable alternatives to address these issues and promote soil health as this once-dismissed residue transforms into a strategic tool for nurturing soil vitality. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of stubble burning on various soil properties, especially in the context of burning of rice residues. It synthesizes existing literature and research findings to elucidate the interactions between stubble burning and soil health and evaluates mainly the long-term consequences of stubble burning on soil fertility and productivity. Based on the findings, crop residue burning disrupts soil ecosystems, impairs nutrient cycling, decreases soil fertility and compromises ecosystem resilience, leading to long-term soil degradation while the short-term effects remain less understood across different contexts.
{"title":"The Effect of Stubble Burning and Residue Management on Soil Properties: A Review","authors":"Pratistha Pradhan, Abhas Kumar Sinha, Tapas Kumar Pandit","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64604","url":null,"abstract":"Stubble burning, a common agricultural practice, has gained significant attention due to its adverse effects on soil properties and environmental sustainability. The in-situ burning of stubble, especially in the context of the rice-wheat cropping system, can significantly alter the physical and chemical properties of soil, particularly in the topsoil layer. The factors contributing to crop residue burning in India include time constraints between successive crops which necessitates the need to clear fields quickly and limited access to mechanized equipment for residue management. As a result, many farmers resort to burning crop residues as a quick and cost-effective method to clear fields for the next planting season. In situ stubble management techniques offer sustainable alternatives to address these issues and promote soil health as this once-dismissed residue transforms into a strategic tool for nurturing soil vitality. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of stubble burning on various soil properties, especially in the context of burning of rice residues. It synthesizes existing literature and research findings to elucidate the interactions between stubble burning and soil health and evaluates mainly the long-term consequences of stubble burning on soil fertility and productivity. Based on the findings, crop residue burning disrupts soil ecosystems, impairs nutrient cycling, decreases soil fertility and compromises ecosystem resilience, leading to long-term soil degradation while the short-term effects remain less understood across different contexts.","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140680560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-20DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64605
J. M. Gracia, D. Elayaraja, P. Kamalakannan, R. Kamaleshwaran
Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, playing a pivotal role in various physiological processes within the plant. In tomato cultivation, maintaining adequate boron levels is crucial for achieving optimal yield and quality. However, due to factors such as soil type, environmental conditions, and plant genetics, boron deficiency or inefficient utilization often poses challenges for growers, leading to reduced productivity and economic losses in coastal regions of Tamilnadu. This study investigates the effect of boron fertilization and boron enriched organic manures on yield boron use efficiency and nutrient uptake by tomato in coastal soil. A field experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field at Varagurpettai coastal village, near Chidambaram in Cuddalore district of Tamilnadu, during July-November, 2022 using tomato variety NTH-777 as test crop. The experimental soil was sandy loam in texture and taxonomically classified as Typic Ustifluvent with pH-8.39, EC-4.07 dSm-1 and analysed low status of organic carbon (2.47 g kg-1). The soil analysed low in alkaline KMnO4–N (145.71 kg ha-1) and Olsen-P (10.57 kg ha-1) and medium in NH4OAc-K (157.42 kg ha-1). The available hot water soluble B content (0.27 mg kg-1) was also low in soil. The various treatments imposed in the study included T1–Control (RDF alone/100% NPK), T2–RDF + Composted coirpith (CCP) @ 12.5 t ha-1, T3–RDF + CCP + Borax (B) @ 10 kg ha-1 through soil application (SA), T4–RDF + CCP + Borax (B) through foliar application (FA) @ 0.5% twice @ pre flowering stage (PFS) and flowering stage (FS), T5–RDF +CCP + Borax (SA) + (FA), T6–RDF + CCP + Borohumate (BH) @ 15 kg ha-1 soil application (SA), T7 –RDF + CCP + Borohumate (FA), T8–RDF + CCP + Borohumate (SA) + FA, T9–RDF + Borax Enriched Composted coirpith (BECCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 (SA), T10–RDF + Borohumate Enriched Composted coirpith (BHECCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 (SA), T11–RDF + BECCP (SA) + Borax (FA) and T12–RDF + BHECCP (SA) + Borohumate (FA). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The results of the field experiment clearly indicated that integrated application of NPK fertilizer along with B enriched organic manures + biofertilizer and foliar spray of borohumate (BH) positively increased the growth, yield, quality and nutrient uptake by tomato. This treatment recorded the highest agronomic efficiency (4.10 t kg-1), agro physiological efficiency (20.45 t kg-1), apparent recovery efficiency (43.45%), physiological efficiency (14.30 t kg-1) and boron use efficiency (410.34). This research contributes to the development of boron utilization dynamics and this study paves the way for future advancements in nutrient management strategies tailored to maximize yield and quality in tomato production systems.
{"title":"Effect of Boron Fertilization and Boron Enriched Organic Manures on Yield Boron Use Efficiency and Nutrient Uptake by Tomato in Coastal Soil","authors":"J. M. Gracia, D. Elayaraja, P. Kamalakannan, R. Kamaleshwaran","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64605","url":null,"abstract":"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, playing a pivotal role in various physiological processes within the plant. In tomato cultivation, maintaining adequate boron levels is crucial for achieving optimal yield and quality. However, due to factors such as soil type, environmental conditions, and plant genetics, boron deficiency or inefficient utilization often poses challenges for growers, leading to reduced productivity and economic losses in coastal regions of Tamilnadu. This study investigates the effect of boron fertilization and boron enriched organic manures on yield boron use efficiency and nutrient uptake by tomato in coastal soil. A field experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field at Varagurpettai coastal village, near Chidambaram in Cuddalore district of Tamilnadu, during July-November, 2022 using tomato variety NTH-777 as test crop. The experimental soil was sandy loam in texture and taxonomically classified as Typic Ustifluvent with pH-8.39, EC-4.07 dSm-1 and analysed low status of organic carbon (2.47 g kg-1). The soil analysed low in alkaline KMnO4–N (145.71 kg ha-1) and Olsen-P (10.57 kg ha-1) and medium in NH4OAc-K (157.42 kg ha-1). The available hot water soluble B content (0.27 mg kg-1) was also low in soil. The various treatments imposed in the study included T1–Control (RDF alone/100% NPK), T2–RDF + Composted coirpith (CCP) @ 12.5 t ha-1, T3–RDF + CCP + Borax (B) @ 10 kg ha-1 through soil application (SA), T4–RDF + CCP + Borax (B) through foliar application (FA) @ 0.5% twice @ pre flowering stage (PFS) and flowering stage (FS), T5–RDF +CCP + Borax (SA) + (FA), T6–RDF + CCP + Borohumate (BH) @ 15 kg ha-1 soil application (SA), T7 –RDF + CCP + Borohumate (FA), T8–RDF + CCP + Borohumate (SA) + FA, T9–RDF + Borax Enriched Composted coirpith (BECCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 (SA), T10–RDF + Borohumate Enriched Composted coirpith (BHECCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 (SA), T11–RDF + BECCP (SA) + Borax (FA) and T12–RDF + BHECCP (SA) + Borohumate (FA). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The results of the field experiment clearly indicated that integrated application of NPK fertilizer along with B enriched organic manures + biofertilizer and foliar spray of borohumate (BH) positively increased the growth, yield, quality and nutrient uptake by tomato. This treatment recorded the highest agronomic efficiency (4.10 t kg-1), agro physiological efficiency (20.45 t kg-1), apparent recovery efficiency (43.45%), physiological efficiency (14.30 t kg-1) and boron use efficiency (410.34). This research contributes to the development of boron utilization dynamics and this study paves the way for future advancements in nutrient management strategies tailored to maximize yield and quality in tomato production systems.","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140681225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Humic acids, natural organic compounds derived from decaying organic matter, have gained significant attention in agriculture due to their potential to promote plant growth, yield, and soil fertility. Humic acid additions boost plant metabolism, promote root development, and increase nutrient absorption, leading to enhanced growth and development. Furthermore, humic acids have a significant role in improving the structure, moisture retention, and availability of nutrients in soil, thereby creating a favorable environment for plant growth. Studies have illustrated that humic acid application can lead to increased yields in a wide range of crops. Humic acid application efficiently increases hormonal activities and various enzyme activities which helps in tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, and respiration process. The mechanisms underlying this enhancement involve the modulation of physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, nutrient assimilation, and stress tolerance. In addition to promoting plant growth and yield, humic acid amendments have been shown to positively influence on soil properties. These include increased microbial activity, enhanced soil aggregation, and improved nutrient cycling. Moreover, humic acids can mitigate soil degradation processes, such as salinization, thereby promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Through the utilization of humic acids, farmers may maximize crop yields while reducing their ecological footprint, therefore promoting food security and sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"Effect of Humic Acid on Growth, Yield and Soil Properties in Rice: A Review","authors":"Bidyabhusan Bera, Kangujam Bokado, .. Barkha, Shainika Arambam","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64603","url":null,"abstract":"Humic acids, natural organic compounds derived from decaying organic matter, have gained significant attention in agriculture due to their potential to promote plant growth, yield, and soil fertility. Humic acid additions boost plant metabolism, promote root development, and increase nutrient absorption, leading to enhanced growth and development. Furthermore, humic acids have a significant role in improving the structure, moisture retention, and availability of nutrients in soil, thereby creating a favorable environment for plant growth. Studies have illustrated that humic acid application can lead to increased yields in a wide range of crops. Humic acid application efficiently increases hormonal activities and various enzyme activities which helps in tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, and respiration process. The mechanisms underlying this enhancement involve the modulation of physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, nutrient assimilation, and stress tolerance. In addition to promoting plant growth and yield, humic acid amendments have been shown to positively influence on soil properties. These include increased microbial activity, enhanced soil aggregation, and improved nutrient cycling. Moreover, humic acids can mitigate soil degradation processes, such as salinization, thereby promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Through the utilization of humic acids, farmers may maximize crop yields while reducing their ecological footprint, therefore promoting food security and sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64602
.. Sakshi, Ravi Bhardwaj, Bhupender Dutt
The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different growing media on seed germination and growth parameters of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng under glass house conditions at Dr. YS Parmar university of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan Himachal Pradesh during May 2022 to October 2022. The experiment consist of seven treatments (growing media) viz., S1: Soil (Control), S2: Soil + FYM (2:1), S3: Soil + Vermicompost (2:1), S4: Soil + Coco peat (2:1), S5: Soil + Sand + FYM (1:1:1), S6: Soil + Sand + Vermicompost (1:1:1) and S7: Soil + Sand + Coco peat (1:1:1) with three replications. Observations were recorded on Germination percentage (%), Initiation of germination (days), Completion of germination (days), Mean daily germination (%), Peak value, Germination value, Seedling root length (cm) and Seedling shoot length (cm). The study found that the growing media of (Soil + Sand + Vermicompost) in ratio (1:1:1) exhibited maximum value for seed germination and growth parameters viz., maximum germination percentage (86.00 %), early initiation of germination (10.00 days), early completion of germination (20.33 days), peak value (6.35), mean daily germination (4.26 %), germination value (27.15), seedling shoot length (17.60 cm) and seedling root length (18.90 cm). However, the minimum value for all germination and growth parameters was recorded in control.
{"title":"Improvement in Seed Germination and Growth Parameters in Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng Using Different Growing Media","authors":".. Sakshi, Ravi Bhardwaj, Bhupender Dutt","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64602","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different growing media on seed germination and growth parameters of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng under glass house conditions at Dr. YS Parmar university of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan Himachal Pradesh during May 2022 to October 2022. The experiment consist of seven treatments (growing media) viz., S1: Soil (Control), S2: Soil + FYM (2:1), S3: Soil + Vermicompost (2:1), S4: Soil + Coco peat (2:1), S5: Soil + Sand + FYM (1:1:1), S6: Soil + Sand + Vermicompost (1:1:1) and S7: Soil + Sand + Coco peat (1:1:1) with three replications. Observations were recorded on Germination percentage (%), Initiation of germination (days), Completion of germination (days), Mean daily germination (%), Peak value, Germination value, Seedling root length (cm) and Seedling shoot length (cm). The study found that the growing media of (Soil + Sand + Vermicompost) in ratio (1:1:1) exhibited maximum value for seed germination and growth parameters viz., maximum germination percentage (86.00 %), early initiation of germination (10.00 days), early completion of germination (20.33 days), peak value (6.35), mean daily germination (4.26 %), germination value (27.15), seedling shoot length (17.60 cm) and seedling root length (18.90 cm). However, the minimum value for all germination and growth parameters was recorded in control.","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64600
M. Rajaselvam, R. Sudhagar, M. Kumaresan
Tuberose (Polyanthes tuberosa L.) is a highly valued commercial bulbous ornamental plant found in tropical and subtropical climates in the Amaryllidaceae family. It is high demand in both domestic and distant markets due to its long tepels, funnel shape, and strong fragrance. The field experiment was carried out to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and flower yield of tuberose cv. Prajwal during the year of 2021 -2022 at Department of Horticulture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu. The investigation was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of different levels of FYM (25% and 15%), poultry manure (25% and 15%), vermicompost (25 % and 15 %), inoculation of Azotobacter (2 kg ha-1) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (2 kg ha-1) along with RDF (100 % and 75 %). Among the different treatments, T10 (75 % RDF + Azotobacter @ 2 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 2 kg ha-1) was discovered to be more successful in improving all growth, physiological and flowering characters viz., plant height (51.75 cm), number of side shoots plant-1 (11.23), leaf area (98.76 cm2), chlorophyll content (0.99 mg g-1), dry matter production (42.37 g plant-1) and flowering and yield parameter viz., number of spike plant-1 (3.12), length of spike (105.30 cm), number of florets spike-1 (56.11) and flower yield ha-1 (15.72 t ha‑1).
{"title":"Determining the Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) on Growth and Flower Yield of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) cv. Prajwal","authors":"M. Rajaselvam, R. Sudhagar, M. Kumaresan","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64600","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberose (Polyanthes tuberosa L.) is a highly valued commercial bulbous ornamental plant found in tropical and subtropical climates in the Amaryllidaceae family. It is high demand in both domestic and distant markets due to its long tepels, funnel shape, and strong fragrance. The field experiment was carried out to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and flower yield of tuberose cv. Prajwal during the year of 2021 -2022 at Department of Horticulture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu. The investigation was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of different levels of FYM (25% and 15%), poultry manure (25% and 15%), vermicompost (25 % and 15 %), inoculation of Azotobacter (2 kg ha-1) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (2 kg ha-1) along with RDF (100 % and 75 %). Among the different treatments, T10 (75 % RDF + Azotobacter @ 2 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 2 kg ha-1) was discovered to be more successful in improving all growth, physiological and flowering characters viz., plant height (51.75 cm), number of side shoots plant-1 (11.23), leaf area (98.76 cm2), chlorophyll content (0.99 mg g-1), dry matter production (42.37 g plant-1) and flowering and yield parameter viz., number of spike plant-1 (3.12), length of spike (105.30 cm), number of florets spike-1 (56.11) and flower yield ha-1 (15.72 t ha‑1).","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140687726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64601
Venkateswarlu Yedoti, N. Supraja, Kiranmai Chadipiralla
Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising frontier in agriculture, offering innovative solutions to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of organic fertilizers. Organic farming practices, known for their environmental benefits and reduced chemical inputs, often face challenges in nutrient delivery and crop yield optimization. The global agricultural industry faces increasing challenges in feeding a growing population while minimizing environmental impacts. In this context, nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative tool in the development of organic fertilizers. This abstract provides a concise overview of the application of nanotechnology in organic fertilizers, highlighting its potential to revolutionize sustainable agriculture. However, the utilization of nanotechnology in organic fertilizers also raises concerns regarding potential environmental and health risks associated with nanoparticles. Careful research, regulation, and risk assessment before approval of any nanotechnology-based agri-product. This includes evaluating the toxicity of the nanomaterials used, the potential for environmental release, and the impact on human health are essential to ensure the safe and responsible application of nanomaterial’s in agriculture.
{"title":"Review on Nanotechnology in Organic Fertilizers: A Sustainable Agricultural Revolution","authors":"Venkateswarlu Yedoti, N. Supraja, Kiranmai Chadipiralla","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64601","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising frontier in agriculture, offering innovative solutions to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of organic fertilizers. Organic farming practices, known for their environmental benefits and reduced chemical inputs, often face challenges in nutrient delivery and crop yield optimization. The global agricultural industry faces increasing challenges in feeding a growing population while minimizing environmental impacts. In this context, nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative tool in the development of organic fertilizers. This abstract provides a concise overview of the application of nanotechnology in organic fertilizers, highlighting its potential to revolutionize sustainable agriculture. However, the utilization of nanotechnology in organic fertilizers also raises concerns regarding potential environmental and health risks associated with nanoparticles. Careful research, regulation, and risk assessment before approval of any nanotechnology-based agri-product. This includes evaluating the toxicity of the nanomaterials used, the potential for environmental release, and the impact on human health are essential to ensure the safe and responsible application of nanomaterial’s in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i54598
Swarnalata Das, J. S. Suvadra, Arbinda Dhal, Binayak Dash
Genotypic variability in rooting ability of excised leaves is of great importance in crop improvement programme. Rooting in excised leaves encourages leaf culture which in term helps in identification of stay green and disease resistant plants. In the present investigation we have tried to find the genotypic variation in senescence and root traits of excised forage cowpea leaves. Matured leaves were excised from 30 and 40 days old plants and immersed in water for 8-10 days. Roots were appeared in leaf petiole on 5th day of immersion. Observations were recorded on root length, number of roots, frequency of rooted leaves, chlorophyll content and senescence of excised leaves on 7th day. Results revealed significant variation in root length, root number, frequency of rooted leaves, chlorophyll contentand senescenceof detached leaves. The maximum root length was observed in case of UPC-2001 (8.26 cm) followed by Sweeta (7.18 cm).Length of the longest root ranged from 2.90 to 8.26 cm with a mean of 4.95 cm. Number of adventitious roots ranged from 7.8 to 36.67 with a mean of 19.46. Frequency of rooted leaf ranged from 0.10 to 1.00.The chlorophyll content in terms of SPAD units varied from 13.54 to 42.31.Senescence index ranged from 0.10 to 1.00.Three genotypes namely UPC-804, UPC-2001 and Sweetashowed the highest desirability index of 5.0. This investigation reveals variation in excised leaf culture ability of forage cowpea genotypes. The excised leaf culture is the simplest, quickest and cheapest techniquethat could be used for identification of stay green and disease resistant fodder cowpea genotypes.
{"title":"Genotypic Variation in Excised Leaf Culture Ability of Fodder Cowpea: A New Direction for Germplasm Evaluation","authors":"Swarnalata Das, J. S. Suvadra, Arbinda Dhal, Binayak Dash","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i54598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i54598","url":null,"abstract":"Genotypic variability in rooting ability of excised leaves is of great importance in crop improvement programme. Rooting in excised leaves encourages leaf culture which in term helps in identification of stay green and disease resistant plants. In the present investigation we have tried to find the genotypic variation in senescence and root traits of excised forage cowpea leaves. Matured leaves were excised from 30 and 40 days old plants and immersed in water for 8-10 days. Roots were appeared in leaf petiole on 5th day of immersion. Observations were recorded on root length, number of roots, frequency of rooted leaves, chlorophyll content and senescence of excised leaves on 7th day. Results revealed significant variation in root length, root number, frequency of rooted leaves, chlorophyll contentand senescenceof detached leaves. The maximum root length was observed in case of UPC-2001 (8.26 cm) followed by Sweeta (7.18 cm).Length of the longest root ranged from 2.90 to 8.26 cm with a mean of 4.95 cm. Number of adventitious roots ranged from 7.8 to 36.67 with a mean of 19.46. Frequency of rooted leaf ranged from 0.10 to 1.00.The chlorophyll content in terms of SPAD units varied from 13.54 to 42.31.Senescence index ranged from 0.10 to 1.00.Three genotypes namely UPC-804, UPC-2001 and Sweetashowed the highest desirability index of 5.0. This investigation reveals variation in excised leaf culture ability of forage cowpea genotypes. The excised leaf culture is the simplest, quickest and cheapest techniquethat could be used for identification of stay green and disease resistant fodder cowpea genotypes.","PeriodicalId":507605,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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