Krystle Swartz, T. C. Weathers, Nicole Zembower, Di Wu, Andrea R. Kautz, Bryce Stouffer, J. Wenzel, J. Carlson
ABSTRACT Buffalo nut (Cervantesiaceae; Pyrularia pubera Michx.) is a unique facultative hemiparasitic species that can reproduce clonally or sexually. Fragmented population stands of buffalo nut in Pennsylvania, USA, represent the northern–most range of distribution of the species. These leading–edge populations could be the originators for new stands expected to arise as climate change shifts this species' native range further north. When observing an isolated stand of buffalo nut, it is impossible to be sure if individual trees are clones of a common parental plant or the product of sexual reproduction. Our study represents the first attempt to use population genetic methodologies to determine the genetic relatedness of individual plants in fragmented stands, and to assess the genetic diversity of native buffalo nut populations in North America. Our study used microsatellite markers to compare genetic variation in samples from populations in Pennsylvania to samples collected in other populations in the northern end of its range (i.e., West Virginia, Kentucky, and Virginia). We found 1) that trees could not be located at most sites, and 2) that Pennsylvania populations are largely clonal with little genetic diversity among locations within the state (∼200 km2) relative to populations sampled in Kentucky and Virginia. We provide best practice suggestions for conservation of this species.
{"title":"Genetic Variation and Conservation Implications in Pennsylvania for the Rare and Imperiled Buffalo Nut (Cervantesiaceae; Pyrularia pubera Michaux)","authors":"Krystle Swartz, T. C. Weathers, Nicole Zembower, Di Wu, Andrea R. Kautz, Bryce Stouffer, J. Wenzel, J. Carlson","doi":"10.2992/007.087.0304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.087.0304","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Buffalo nut (Cervantesiaceae; Pyrularia pubera Michx.) is a unique facultative hemiparasitic species that can reproduce clonally or sexually. Fragmented population stands of buffalo nut in Pennsylvania, USA, represent the northern–most range of distribution of the species. These leading–edge populations could be the originators for new stands expected to arise as climate change shifts this species' native range further north. When observing an isolated stand of buffalo nut, it is impossible to be sure if individual trees are clones of a common parental plant or the product of sexual reproduction. Our study represents the first attempt to use population genetic methodologies to determine the genetic relatedness of individual plants in fragmented stands, and to assess the genetic diversity of native buffalo nut populations in North America. Our study used microsatellite markers to compare genetic variation in samples from populations in Pennsylvania to samples collected in other populations in the northern end of its range (i.e., West Virginia, Kentucky, and Virginia). We found 1) that trees could not be located at most sites, and 2) that Pennsylvania populations are largely clonal with little genetic diversity among locations within the state (∼200 km2) relative to populations sampled in Kentucky and Virginia. We provide best practice suggestions for conservation of this species.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"52 1","pages":"235 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73122789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT A large sample of previously undescribed specimens of the rare hedgehog (Erinaceidae) Ocajila Macdonald, 1963, allows for a more complete and detailed description of the dentition of this genus. Previously, only the single (type) species, Ocajila makpiyahe Macdonald, 1963, had been described and limited to fewer than five specimens. The new material has allowed for the recognition of two new species, Ocajila macdonaldi from the Whitneyan of Montana, and Ocajila rasmusseni from the Arikareean of Montana. In addition, an indeterminate species is recognized from the Orellan of Montana, representing the earliest occurrence of the genus.
{"title":"The Hedgehog Ocajila Macdonald, 1963 (Mammalia, Lipotyphla, Erinaceidae) from the Oligocene (Orellan to Arikareean) of North America","authors":"W. Korth","doi":"10.2992/007.087.0302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.087.0302","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A large sample of previously undescribed specimens of the rare hedgehog (Erinaceidae) Ocajila Macdonald, 1963, allows for a more complete and detailed description of the dentition of this genus. Previously, only the single (type) species, Ocajila makpiyahe Macdonald, 1963, had been described and limited to fewer than five specimens. The new material has allowed for the recognition of two new species, Ocajila macdonaldi from the Whitneyan of Montana, and Ocajila rasmusseni from the Arikareean of Montana. In addition, an indeterminate species is recognized from the Orellan of Montana, representing the earliest occurrence of the genus.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"69 1","pages":"207 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87202251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Lucas, L. Rinehart, Matthew D. Celeskey, D. Berman, A. Henrici
ABSTRACT An incomplete skeleton of a small tetrapod from the Upper Pennsylvanian of New Mexico represents a new genus and species of varanopid eupelycosaur named Eoscansor cobrensis. This skeleton is from the Cobrean (Virgilian) interval of the El Cobre Canyon Formation in the Cañon del Cobre of Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. Eoscansor is a small varanopid distinguished from other varanopids primarily by the unique structure of its manus and pes metapodials and phalanges. Diverse aspects of its anatomy indicate that Eoscansor was a climber, and possibly arboreal, the oldest such tetrapod now known. These features include: claw, phalangeal, and metapodial adaptations indicative of grasping, clinging, and climbing ability; equivalence of high claw curvature and limb length between the fore- and hind limbs; body mass per SVL within the range of extant climbing lizards; very low tibia length/femur length ratio; and a low center of gravity to facilitate an inclined surface-hugging posture.
新墨西哥州上宾夕法尼亚地区发现的一具小型四足动物的不完整骨架，代表了一种名为Eoscansor cobrensis的新属和新种。这具骨架来自新墨西哥州里奥阿里巴县Cañon del Cobre的El Cobre峡谷地层的Cobrean(弗吉尼亚)区间。Eoscansor是一种小型变异类人猿，主要区别于其他变异类人猿的是其手、足、跖骨和指骨的独特结构。解剖结构的不同方面表明，Eoscansor是一种攀援动物，可能是树栖动物，是目前已知的最古老的四足动物。这些特征包括:爪子、指骨和跖骨的适应，表明了抓取、依附和攀爬的能力;前肢和后肢之间的高爪曲率和肢长等效;每SVL的体重在现存爬行蜥蜴的范围内;胫骨长度/股骨长度比非常低;较低的重心有利于倾斜的表面拥抱姿势。
{"title":"A Scansorial Varanopid Eupelycosaur from the Pennsylvanian of New Mexico","authors":"S. Lucas, L. Rinehart, Matthew D. Celeskey, D. Berman, A. Henrici","doi":"10.2992/007.087.0301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.087.0301","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An incomplete skeleton of a small tetrapod from the Upper Pennsylvanian of New Mexico represents a new genus and species of varanopid eupelycosaur named Eoscansor cobrensis. This skeleton is from the Cobrean (Virgilian) interval of the El Cobre Canyon Formation in the Cañon del Cobre of Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. Eoscansor is a small varanopid distinguished from other varanopids primarily by the unique structure of its manus and pes metapodials and phalanges. Diverse aspects of its anatomy indicate that Eoscansor was a climber, and possibly arboreal, the oldest such tetrapod now known. These features include: claw, phalangeal, and metapodial adaptations indicative of grasping, clinging, and climbing ability; equivalence of high claw curvature and limb length between the fore- and hind limbs; body mass per SVL within the range of extant climbing lizards; very low tibia length/femur length ratio; and a low center of gravity to facilitate an inclined surface-hugging posture.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"4 1","pages":"167 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79192566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. E. Meshaka, William S. Humbert, Pablo R. Delis, Eugene P. Wingert
ABSTRACT The Eastern American Toad, Anaxyrus americanus americanus (Holbrook, 1836) is an ubiquitous and geographically wide-ranging subspecies of eastern North America. As such, it also varies geographically in several of its life history traits. A statewide examination of its gonadal cycles and body size-age relationships in Pennsylvania revealed a conformity to contemporary latitudinal patterns associated with these life history traits. Likewise, these very responses to spatial differences in climate, we proffer, predispose the Eastern American Toad to climate-change related shifts in timing of reproduction in Pennsylvania. Such a change, depending upon the reproductive response to climate change by Fowler's Toad, Anaxyrus fowleri (Hinckley, 1882), could result in an increased likelihood of hybridization, a phenomenon with significant evolutionary implications.
美洲东部蟾蜍，Anaxyrus americanus americanus (Holbrook, 1836)是北美东部普遍存在且地理分布广泛的亚种。因此，它的一些生活史特征在地理上也是不同的。在宾夕法尼亚州全州范围内对其性腺周期和体型与年龄关系的研究显示，与这些生活史特征相关的当代纬度模式是一致的。同样，我们认为，正是这些对气候空间差异的反应，使东美洲蟾蜍在宾夕法尼亚州的繁殖时间容易受到气候变化相关的变化的影响。这种变化，取决于福勒氏蟾蜍(Anaxyrus fowleri, Hinckley, 1882)对气候变化的生殖反应，可能导致杂交的可能性增加，这是一种具有重大进化意义的现象。
{"title":"Gonadal Cycles and Growth to Sexual Maturity of the Eastern American Toad, Anaxyrus americanus americanus (Holbrook, 1836), from Pennsylvania","authors":"W. E. Meshaka, William S. Humbert, Pablo R. Delis, Eugene P. Wingert","doi":"10.2992/007.087.0303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.087.0303","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Eastern American Toad, Anaxyrus americanus americanus (Holbrook, 1836) is an ubiquitous and geographically wide-ranging subspecies of eastern North America. As such, it also varies geographically in several of its life history traits. A statewide examination of its gonadal cycles and body size-age relationships in Pennsylvania revealed a conformity to contemporary latitudinal patterns associated with these life history traits. Likewise, these very responses to spatial differences in climate, we proffer, predispose the Eastern American Toad to climate-change related shifts in timing of reproduction in Pennsylvania. Such a change, depending upon the reproductive response to climate change by Fowler's Toad, Anaxyrus fowleri (Hinckley, 1882), could result in an increased likelihood of hybridization, a phenomenon with significant evolutionary implications.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"46 1","pages":"221 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80450341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT A new captorhinid reptile is described on the basis of materials originally assigned to Captorhinikos parvus Olson, 1954, as well as newly discovered and more complete materials from the same locality. All the specimens are from the lower Permian Hennessey Formation in central Oklahoma. Newly described specimens include a suite of nearly complete skulls allowing confident and thorough description and reconstruction of the skull. The new Oklahoman captorhinid is distinguished from all other members of the family by the unique combination of being the smallest known mature member of the family, the lack of the supratemporal, and possession of multiple maxillary and dentary tooth rows despite its very small size. A new genus, Rhodotheratus, is named to include Captorhinikos parvus, as the new combination, Rhodotheratus parvus (Olson, 1954). A phylogenetic analysis places Rhodotheratus parvus within more basal members of the eureptilian family Captorhinidae. This placement suggests that multiple maxillary and dentary tooth rows must have developed independently at least three times within the family. The interpretation of Rhodotheratus as a small, but well-ossified and mature, adult member of the family demonstrates the first significant example of miniaturization in the family and demonstrates further that the family is a dramatic example of diversification within basal Amniota.
{"title":"A New Genus of Captorhinid Reptile (Amniota: Eureptilia) from the Lower Permian Hennessey Formation of Central Oklahoma, and a Consideration of Homoplasy in the Family Captorhinidae","authors":"G. Albright, S. Sumida, Jason Jung","doi":"10.2992/007.087.0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.087.0201","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new captorhinid reptile is described on the basis of materials originally assigned to Captorhinikos parvus Olson, 1954, as well as newly discovered and more complete materials from the same locality. All the specimens are from the lower Permian Hennessey Formation in central Oklahoma. Newly described specimens include a suite of nearly complete skulls allowing confident and thorough description and reconstruction of the skull. The new Oklahoman captorhinid is distinguished from all other members of the family by the unique combination of being the smallest known mature member of the family, the lack of the supratemporal, and possession of multiple maxillary and dentary tooth rows despite its very small size. A new genus, Rhodotheratus, is named to include Captorhinikos parvus, as the new combination, Rhodotheratus parvus (Olson, 1954). A phylogenetic analysis places Rhodotheratus parvus within more basal members of the eureptilian family Captorhinidae. This placement suggests that multiple maxillary and dentary tooth rows must have developed independently at least three times within the family. The interpretation of Rhodotheratus as a small, but well-ossified and mature, adult member of the family demonstrates the first significant example of miniaturization in the family and demonstrates further that the family is a dramatic example of diversification within basal Amniota.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"25 1","pages":"89 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86751331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The Loyalhanna Limestone is one of the most recognizable rock units in the Appalachian Basin. Differential weathering of its large-scale cross-bedding and massive character make this unit a widely used dimension and quarry stone. Diverging thoughts on the origin of the iconic cross-bedding have led to a long-standing debate over whether the genesis of the Loyalhanna is eolian or marine. Diagnostic bedding characters exhibited by the Loyalhanna are equivocal with most features possible in environments of both subaerial or subaqueous dune formation. Other diagnostic subaerial textures such as exposure surfaces, translatent ripple laminates, tracks, and trails are unknown in the unit. However, the Loyalhanna does contain a number of features that can be attributed to subaqueous deposition. For example, endolithic algal borings and coatings are ubiquitous. The Loyalhanna Limestone also displays a north-to-south change in lithofacies characteristics. Along its northern and eastern boundaries, the typically massive Loyalhanna is interbedded with rippled sandstone and red to variegated shale. Near its southern geographic limits, the Loyalhanna is interbedded with nodular, argillaceous, fossiliferous limestone intervals. Between these two interbedded lithofacies, the unit consists of the typical massive, cross-bedded, sandy limestone. Petrographically, the Loyalhanna contains a common microfauna of endothyrid foraminifers, and fragmented brachiopods, bryozoans, and echinoderms. A macrofauna was noted at eight locations. This fauna consists of articulated brachiopods, gastropods, bivalves, and trilobites. At other locations, comminuted megafauna assemblages are widespread. These fragmental faunas are known even in north-central and northeastern Pennsylvania. The presence of marine micro- and megafossils from throughout the Loyalhanna depositional basin and the equivocal nature of the eolian features indicate that this unit is largely if not completely marine in origin.
{"title":"Lithofacies and Fauna of the Loyalhanna Limestone (Chesterian, Upper Mississippian) and Their Implications for its Origin in the Appalachian Basin","authors":"D. Brezinski, Albert D. Kollar","doi":"10.2992/007.087.0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.087.0203","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Loyalhanna Limestone is one of the most recognizable rock units in the Appalachian Basin. Differential weathering of its large-scale cross-bedding and massive character make this unit a widely used dimension and quarry stone. Diverging thoughts on the origin of the iconic cross-bedding have led to a long-standing debate over whether the genesis of the Loyalhanna is eolian or marine. Diagnostic bedding characters exhibited by the Loyalhanna are equivocal with most features possible in environments of both subaerial or subaqueous dune formation. Other diagnostic subaerial textures such as exposure surfaces, translatent ripple laminates, tracks, and trails are unknown in the unit. However, the Loyalhanna does contain a number of features that can be attributed to subaqueous deposition. For example, endolithic algal borings and coatings are ubiquitous. The Loyalhanna Limestone also displays a north-to-south change in lithofacies characteristics. Along its northern and eastern boundaries, the typically massive Loyalhanna is interbedded with rippled sandstone and red to variegated shale. Near its southern geographic limits, the Loyalhanna is interbedded with nodular, argillaceous, fossiliferous limestone intervals. Between these two interbedded lithofacies, the unit consists of the typical massive, cross-bedded, sandy limestone. Petrographically, the Loyalhanna contains a common microfauna of endothyrid foraminifers, and fragmented brachiopods, bryozoans, and echinoderms. A macrofauna was noted at eight locations. This fauna consists of articulated brachiopods, gastropods, bivalves, and trilobites. At other locations, comminuted megafauna assemblages are widespread. These fragmental faunas are known even in north-central and northeastern Pennsylvania. The presence of marine micro- and megafossils from throughout the Loyalhanna depositional basin and the equivocal nature of the eolian features indicate that this unit is largely if not completely marine in origin.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"59 1","pages":"139 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76179951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The Robert Traub collection of fleas is maintained in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. During the height of collecting fleas from the 1960s onward, many specimens were collected from Australia, Malaysia, and New Guinea and provided to Robert Traub. A plethora of publications resulted; however, Dr. Traub died before he could finish much of that work. Following his death, specimens were available that had never been fully studied, and in many cases, inadequately curated (alcohol material, unidentified slides, vials of dried up specimens, etc.). Following the in-depth reviews of 14 genera (published in six parts by the author), additional specimens were obtained from the Carnegie Museum. These additional specimens represented 32 species in nine flea families and are reported here for the first time. Many of the specimens included in this study, are supplementary specimens associated (but not reported) by Hastriter (2012) and in Hastriter's six-part series (Parts I–VI) published between 2013 and 2021. Among the material was a new species of Bibikovana Traub, 1980, from Australia, Bibikovana acumena, that is closely related to Bibikovana colossus (Rothschild, 1906). This new taxon is described and illustrated. The ranges of five flea species are extended: 1) Porribius caminae (Rothschild, 1903) to Tasmania, 2) Neopsylla dispar Jordan, 1932, to the island of Borneo (State of Sabah, Malaysia), 3) Bibikovana engilisi Hastriter, 2021, to Papua New Guinea, 4) Pygiopsylla zethi (Rothschild, 1904) to Mole Creek and Bridport, Tasmania, and 5) Smitella thambetosa Traub, 1968, to Papua New Guinea. Eight new host records include: 1) Sigmactenus toxopeusi Smit, 1953, on Rattus giluwensis Hill, 1960, 2) Stephanocircus pectinipes Rothschild, 1915, on Pseudomys novaehollandiae (Waterhouse, 1843), 3) Stephanocircus simsoni Rothschild, 1905, on Pseudomys higginsi Trouessart, 1897, 4) Bibikovana engilisi Hastriter, 2021 on Microperoryctes papuensis (Laurie, 1952), 5) Parastivalius gressitti Holland, 1969 on Mi. papuensis, 6) Rectidigitus glomerospinosus Hastriter, 2016 on Cercartetus caudatus (Milne-Edwards, 1877), 7) Rectidigitus traubi Holland, 1969, in a Mi. papuensis nest, and 8) Smitella thambetosa Traub, 1968 on Mammelomys rattoides (Thomas, 1922). Host data supporting the primary host of Choristopsylla ochi (Rothschild, 1904) was presented and determined to be Trichosurus vulpecula (Kerr, 1792). Host associations are discussed for each species and a list of hosts and respective flea species are provided.
{"title":"Records of Fleas (Siphonaptera) from Australia, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea with the Description of a New Species of Bibikovana Traub, 1980 (Pygiopsyllidae)","authors":"M. Hastriter","doi":"10.2992/007.087.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.087.0202","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Robert Traub collection of fleas is maintained in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. During the height of collecting fleas from the 1960s onward, many specimens were collected from Australia, Malaysia, and New Guinea and provided to Robert Traub. A plethora of publications resulted; however, Dr. Traub died before he could finish much of that work. Following his death, specimens were available that had never been fully studied, and in many cases, inadequately curated (alcohol material, unidentified slides, vials of dried up specimens, etc.). Following the in-depth reviews of 14 genera (published in six parts by the author), additional specimens were obtained from the Carnegie Museum. These additional specimens represented 32 species in nine flea families and are reported here for the first time. Many of the specimens included in this study, are supplementary specimens associated (but not reported) by Hastriter (2012) and in Hastriter's six-part series (Parts I–VI) published between 2013 and 2021. Among the material was a new species of Bibikovana Traub, 1980, from Australia, Bibikovana acumena, that is closely related to Bibikovana colossus (Rothschild, 1906). This new taxon is described and illustrated. The ranges of five flea species are extended: 1) Porribius caminae (Rothschild, 1903) to Tasmania, 2) Neopsylla dispar Jordan, 1932, to the island of Borneo (State of Sabah, Malaysia), 3) Bibikovana engilisi Hastriter, 2021, to Papua New Guinea, 4) Pygiopsylla zethi (Rothschild, 1904) to Mole Creek and Bridport, Tasmania, and 5) Smitella thambetosa Traub, 1968, to Papua New Guinea. Eight new host records include: 1) Sigmactenus toxopeusi Smit, 1953, on Rattus giluwensis Hill, 1960, 2) Stephanocircus pectinipes Rothschild, 1915, on Pseudomys novaehollandiae (Waterhouse, 1843), 3) Stephanocircus simsoni Rothschild, 1905, on Pseudomys higginsi Trouessart, 1897, 4) Bibikovana engilisi Hastriter, 2021 on Microperoryctes papuensis (Laurie, 1952), 5) Parastivalius gressitti Holland, 1969 on Mi. papuensis, 6) Rectidigitus glomerospinosus Hastriter, 2016 on Cercartetus caudatus (Milne-Edwards, 1877), 7) Rectidigitus traubi Holland, 1969, in a Mi. papuensis nest, and 8) Smitella thambetosa Traub, 1968 on Mammelomys rattoides (Thomas, 1922). Host data supporting the primary host of Choristopsylla ochi (Rothschild, 1904) was presented and determined to be Trichosurus vulpecula (Kerr, 1792). Host associations are discussed for each species and a list of hosts and respective flea species are provided.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"34 1","pages":"117 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90040048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Historical biodiversity datasets provide invaluable opportunities to examine changes in natural populations, especially with respect to land use and climate change. In 2020, we resurveyed the amphibian community at Powdermill Nature Reserve in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. using pitfall traps, replicating surveys that were conducted in 1982–1983. We compared species richness and abundance across the two time periods and examined the potential influence of temperature on capture rates. Species richness was relatively stable, but species composition varied across sampling periods. Most notably, the majority of captures (60.6%) in the 1980s were anurans, and the majority of captures (91.2%) in 2020 were salamanders. Anuran captures peaked earlier in 2020 compared to the 1980s, and salamander captures peaked later in the season, but capture rate was not significantly related to temperature for either group. Shifts in relative abundance should be examined further to determine if these represent temporary or permanent changes.
{"title":"Changes in an Amphibian Community at Powdermill Nature Reserve, Southwest Pennsylvania, Over a 37-Year Period","authors":"Amanda K. Martin, Daniel F. Hughes, J. Sheridan","doi":"10.2992/007.087.0204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.087.0204","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Historical biodiversity datasets provide invaluable opportunities to examine changes in natural populations, especially with respect to land use and climate change. In 2020, we resurveyed the amphibian community at Powdermill Nature Reserve in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. using pitfall traps, replicating surveys that were conducted in 1982–1983. We compared species richness and abundance across the two time periods and examined the potential influence of temperature on capture rates. Species richness was relatively stable, but species composition varied across sampling periods. Most notably, the majority of captures (60.6%) in the 1980s were anurans, and the majority of captures (91.2%) in 2020 were salamanders. Anuran captures peaked earlier in 2020 compared to the 1980s, and salamander captures peaked later in the season, but capture rate was not significantly related to temperature for either group. Shifts in relative abundance should be examined further to determine if these represent temporary or permanent changes.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"2 1","pages":"157 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78615282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Alabama has long been recognized as an aquatic biodiversity hotspot, and the Coosa River was home to over 80 endemic freshwater snail species. Due to human activity, over 40% of the snails have been extirpated, including the pleurocerid genus Gyrotoma Shuttleworth, 1845. Gyrotoma species varied in terms of shell shape and sculpture and were restricted to certain reaches of the Coosa River. Diversity estimates based on shell morphology have ranged from 44 nominal taxa to the modernly recognized six Gyrotoma species. However, basing pleurocerid species boundaries on qualitative morphological features poses many taxonomic and systematic issues. To better estimate diversity in the genus, geometric morphometrics and Gaussian mixture models were used to assign individual Gyrotoma shells to one of three clusters. Individuals in each cluster had significantly different shapes along with different combinations of quantifiable shell traits. No specific distributional patterns were observed between clusters. Though each cluster was not assigned to any specific taxonomic unit, morphometrics suggested a significant reduction in the number of Gyrotoma taxa. The clusters presented represent testable hypotheses of possible Gyrotoma diversity for when additional data are available.
{"title":"Morphometrics Suggest Reduced Diversity in the Freshwater Snail Genus Gyrotoma Shuttleworth, 1845 (Gastropoda: Pleuroceridae)","authors":"Russell L. Minton","doi":"10.2992/007.087.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.087.0103","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Alabama has long been recognized as an aquatic biodiversity hotspot, and the Coosa River was home to over 80 endemic freshwater snail species. Due to human activity, over 40% of the snails have been extirpated, including the pleurocerid genus Gyrotoma Shuttleworth, 1845. Gyrotoma species varied in terms of shell shape and sculpture and were restricted to certain reaches of the Coosa River. Diversity estimates based on shell morphology have ranged from 44 nominal taxa to the modernly recognized six Gyrotoma species. However, basing pleurocerid species boundaries on qualitative morphological features poses many taxonomic and systematic issues. To better estimate diversity in the genus, geometric morphometrics and Gaussian mixture models were used to assign individual Gyrotoma shells to one of three clusters. Individuals in each cluster had significantly different shapes along with different combinations of quantifiable shell traits. No specific distributional patterns were observed between clusters. Though each cluster was not assigned to any specific taxonomic unit, morphometrics suggested a significant reduction in the number of Gyrotoma taxa. The clusters presented represent testable hypotheses of possible Gyrotoma diversity for when additional data are available.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"44 1","pages":"79 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81039646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Part VI is the final installment of a six-part series of papers discussing the fleas of Papua Province, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea as a continued study of fleas in the Robert Traub flea collection deposited in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA. Taxa from the genera Bibikovana, Geohollandia, and Hoogstraalia are included with emphasis on those species endemic to Papua Province, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. Four new species are described (Bibikovana engilisi, Bibikovana bosaviensis, Bibikovana mekiliensis, and Hoogstraalia nadchatrami). Bibikovana laciniosa bismarckensis is treated as a junior synonym of Bibikovana laciniosa laciniosa and Hoogstraalia novaeguineae is treated as a junior synonym of Hoogstraalia turdella. The females of Geohollandia solida and Hoogstraalia turdella are described and illustrated for the first time. The mammalian hosts of the three genera studied herein are summarized in Table 1. The avian host specificity of the genera Geohollandia and Hoogstraalia are substantiated with many new records of avian host associations included as Table 2. Geographic distributions of species of all three genera are summarized in Table 3. Keys for species of Bibikovana and Hoogstraalia and an updated key to the genera of Pygiopsyllomorpha are included. With the description of four new species and the proposed synonymies of two species, the total number of species in the superfamily Pygiopsylloidea in Papua Province, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea (including Bismarck Archipelago) and the Solomon Islands is 113. An additional eight species belonging to three other flea families (Ischnopsyllidae (3), Pulicidae (3), and Leptopsyllidae (2) bring the total number of flea taxa to 121 species (including subspecies).
{"title":"Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pygiopsyllomorpha) of Papua New Guinea and Papua Province (Indonesia). Part VI. Bibikovana, geohollandia, and Hoogstraalia (Pygiopsyllidae: Pygiopsyllinae), with Descriptions of Four New Species","authors":"M. Hastriter","doi":"10.2992/007.087.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.087.0102","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Part VI is the final installment of a six-part series of papers discussing the fleas of Papua Province, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea as a continued study of fleas in the Robert Traub flea collection deposited in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA. Taxa from the genera Bibikovana, Geohollandia, and Hoogstraalia are included with emphasis on those species endemic to Papua Province, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. Four new species are described (Bibikovana engilisi, Bibikovana bosaviensis, Bibikovana mekiliensis, and Hoogstraalia nadchatrami). Bibikovana laciniosa bismarckensis is treated as a junior synonym of Bibikovana laciniosa laciniosa and Hoogstraalia novaeguineae is treated as a junior synonym of Hoogstraalia turdella. The females of Geohollandia solida and Hoogstraalia turdella are described and illustrated for the first time. The mammalian hosts of the three genera studied herein are summarized in Table 1. The avian host specificity of the genera Geohollandia and Hoogstraalia are substantiated with many new records of avian host associations included as Table 2. Geographic distributions of species of all three genera are summarized in Table 3. Keys for species of Bibikovana and Hoogstraalia and an updated key to the genera of Pygiopsyllomorpha are included. With the description of four new species and the proposed synonymies of two species, the total number of species in the superfamily Pygiopsylloidea in Papua Province, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea (including Bismarck Archipelago) and the Solomon Islands is 113. An additional eight species belonging to three other flea families (Ischnopsyllidae (3), Pulicidae (3), and Leptopsyllidae (2) bring the total number of flea taxa to 121 species (including subspecies).","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"89 1","pages":"37 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82092719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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