Indian Journal of Animal Research最新文献

{"title":"Genetic Polymorphisms and Association of Growth Hormone Gene with Growth Traits in Beetal Goat","authors":"Surpreet Singh Dhillon, Dhirendra Kumar, Nazam Khan, D. Chakraborty, Kashif Dawood Khan, Vikas Mahajan","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5270","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This investigation was aimed to determine the association of growth hormone GH1 (A781G) and GH2 (A1575G) locus with growth traits in Beetal goats by using PCR-RFLP method. Methods: A total of 60 blood samples from Beetal goat were collected along with growth records (body weight in kg) at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 month of age maintained at Goat Dairy Farm Rajbagh, Jammu. DNA was extracted from blood samples by using DNA extraction kit. The target segment of GH 1 and 2 locus was amplified and digested with HaeIII restriction enzyme for scoring of genotypes. Result: The amplified PCR product obtained for GH1 (422 bp) and GH2 (116 bp) locus were digested with HaeIII restriction enzyme at 37°C for 15 min. The resultant digested products revealed three genotypes for GH1: AA (422 bp), BB (366 bp, 56 bp) and AB (422 bp, 366 bp and 56 bp) whereas, one genotype was observed for GH2 i.e., BB (88bp and 28bp). The genotypic frequencies in Beetal goat for GH1 were found to be 0.05 for AA genotype, 0.80 for AB genotype, 0.15 for BB genotype, whereas gene frequencies was 0.45 for A allele and 0.55 for B allele. GH2 locus was found to be monomorphic. The highly significant (P less than 0.01) Chi-square (χ²)-test value for GH1 locus showed that the population was not in HWE. BB genotype has a significantly higher (P less than 0.01) body weight followed by AA and AB genotypes at 9 and 12 month of age. Thus, GH1 locus can be used as a candidate gene to improve growth traits and selection of superior animals at an early age of 9 months for phenotypic selection programmes in Beetal goats.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GC-MS Analysis and Molecular Docking Studies of Lavandula dentata Leaves Extract of Taif Region, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Hanan Ramadan Hamad Mohamed, N. Hussien","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1808","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lavandula dentata is recognized for its therapeutic properties and has been traditionally used in various medicinal applications. Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are critical for neurotransmitters breaking down; therefore, their inhibitors treat neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer, Parkinson and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diseases. Methods: The current study was done to analyze the bioactive compounds present in the methanolic extract of Lavandula dentata of Taif region, Saudi Arabia using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In addition, computational analysis using SwissADME and ProTox-II was used to predict the physicochemical and biological activities and predicted toxicity of four selected components from lavender extract. Moreover, linalool and 7-Methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid were selected for the molecular docking of Monoamine Oxidase A. Result: GC-MS analysis revealed a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including but not limited to linalool, retinal, chromene-2-one and 7-Methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid, which are known for their pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic effects. In silico analysis has assumed that linalool is safe with a predicted toxicity LD50 2200 mg/kg (Class: 5). The docking affinity score of linalool to Monoamine Oxidase A is -24.4 and appears more stable in the docking site box due to the presence of nine hydrophobic interactions. Collectively this study contributes to the understanding of the chemical profile of Lavandula dentata and highlights its suitability for pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications along with exploring the specific bioactivities and potential synergistic effects of these compounds. In particular, linalool emerges as a promising bioactive compound in neurodegenerative disorders therapy through Monoamine oxidase A inhibition.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Revolution in Livestock Farming: Empowering Indian Farmers with TNAU Cattle Expert System and User Feedback Insights","authors":"C. Karthikeyan, S.R. Shri Rangasami, S. A. Kumar, R. Ajaykumar, K. Harishankar, M. Thirunavukkarasu, R. Karthika","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5383","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cattle husbandry in India is a cornerstone of the agricultural sector, supporting the livelihoods of millions of farmers. However, the industry grapples with challenges such as disease outbreaks, low productivity and limited access to veterinary services. The TNAU Cattle Expert System Application represents a digital innovation aimed at addressing these challenges by providing farmers with real-time guidance on various aspects of cattle management. Methods: The study was meticulously conducted in Tamil Nadu over the years of both 2022 and 2023. Feedback was systematically collected from 523 users of the TNAU Cattle Expert System Application. Text analysis tools were employed to categorize sentiments as positive, negative or neutral using Azure machine learing sotware in MS Excel. Log Regression was carried out to identify the variance of feedback sentiments followed by cluster analysis through jamovi further classified feedback into distinct groups, revealing patterns in user engagement. Result: Positive feedback praised the application’s detailed information on cattle protection and disease precautions, particularly for FMD, BRD, Mastitis, Johne’s disease, Brucellosis, Clostridia diseases and BVD. “Delicate” users (38.54%) gave appreciative feedback, “Arbitrator” users (26.04%) offered diverse opinions, “Eloquent” users (18.75%) expressed positive sentiments, while “Criticizer” (12.50%) and “Harsh stringer” users (4.17%) provided critical insights.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An in silico Evaluation of Anti-diabetic Potential of Vasicine, A Quinazoline Alkaloid of Justicia adhatoda Linnaeus","authors":"K.S. Ravali, G. Sarathchandra, S. Kumary, P.L. Sujatha, T.A. Kannan, M. Parthiban","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5278","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disease with multiple secondary effects, is on the rise. Treatment of type II diabetes mellitus with phytochemicals is gaining importance to avoid secondary complications used in the treatment. Justicia adhatoda is said to be an evergreen perennial shrub with a multitude of uses, especially as a stimulant of the respiratory tract. Methods: Vasicine, a major alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the adhatoda was used in the current study to identify its antidiabetic activity through the Computer Aided Drug Design technique. The molecular docking technique was performed between vasicine and five different receptors Protein Tyrosine Phosphate 1B (PTP 1B), Glucose Transporter (GLUT2), Glucagon Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) and Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPAR Ɣ) which are usually targeted by anti-diabetic drugs. The Libdock score for the interaction between the receptors and vasicine is indicative of the antidiabetic activity of the vasicine in various pathways. Result: PTP 1B presented the highest LibDock score of 101.46 indicating the antidiabetic property of vasicine.","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sweetgum Oil on Experimental Chronic Gastritis in Rat Model","authors":"R. Kiyici, H.A. Akkan, B. K. Karaayvaz, M. Karaca, O. Ozmen, A. Kart, S. Garlı","doi":"10.18805/ijar.drf-393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.drf-393","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sweetgum oil has been traditionally used to treat wounds, respiratory tract problems, osteoarthritis and various stomach ailments. In this study, the effects of sweetgum oil on ethanol-induced chronic gastritis in rats were investigated. Methods: Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 served as control and received no treatment. Except for control, all animals received oral doses of 8 g/kg of 56% ethanol twice a week for 4 weeks to induce gastritis. Group 2, the ethanol group received only ethanol. Group 3 was treated with the conventional treatment of 20 mg/kg omeprazole daily for 2 weeks. Group 4 was treated with 150 mg/kg of sweetgum oil dissolved in olive oil daily for 2 weeks. Group 5 was treated orally with 0.6 ml olive oil daily for 2 weeks. Result: Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed on the stomach samples. Ethanol caused severe erosive ulcerative lesions in the gastric mucosa and inflammatory cell infiltrations in the propria mucosa. In immunohistochemical examination, marked increases in interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-1β (IL-β) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) expressions were observed in this group. Omeprazole treatment significantly reduced these pathological findings. Sweetgum oil provided significant improvement in histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, but the protection was not as effective as omeprazole. Moderate healing effects were also observed with olive oil. Sweetgum oil has a curative effect on chronic gastritis, although it is not as effective as omeprazole. Moreover, olive oil has a curative effect on gastritis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lumpy Skin Disease Detection in Cattle by a Robust Approach using Advanced Convolutional Neural Networks","authors":"A. Alzubi","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1793","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a significant health concern for cattle globally and poses economic threats by affecting various aspects of cattle health. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) with visual inspections and biosensor data has shown promise in enhancing disease detection and diagnosis. The present study harnesses the potential of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and image processing for detecting LSD. Methods: Using images from the agricultural landscape, this study highlights the significance of convolutional neural networks that identify the lumpy skin disease (LSD) in animals. Images are categorized into two groups: LSD (infected skin) and non-LSD (normal skin). This is achieved by applying a deeply designed deep learning model carefully built to fulfill this particular need. Evaluation metrics assess the model’s performance, including accuracy, loss and a confusion matrix. Result: A CNN-based model trained for 50 epochs to classify skin conditions, achieved an 86.54% accuracy. The study underscores the potential of CNN in early LSD detection, paving the way for practical applications in veterinary medicine. Future work involves addressing dataset limitations, refining model parameters, reducing image noise, exploring different feature extraction methods and investigating additional animal skin conditions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical, Molecular, Postmortem and Histopathological Characterization of Bovine Theilerioses at Different Stages of Production and Reproduction","authors":"H. Dutta, S. K. Panda, S. Sathapathy, B.N. Mohanty, C. Mishra, G.R. Jena","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5400","url":null,"abstract":"Theilerosis is the most important common vector (Tick) born and hemoprotozoan diseases (TBDS) which pose a serious threat to the livestock population in terms of mortality, reduced milk yield and lowered draft power. The disease is having impact on biochemistry and systemic functions affecting at different stages of production and reproduction of dairy cattle as well as there is lack of accurate diagnosis of this disease. A total 1900 cases were suspected for theileriosis on the basis of clinical signs and total 950 cases were found positive for theileriosis on the basis of blood smear examination. As per the stages of pregnancy and lactation, the cases were classified as cows in early pregnancy, cows in late pregnancy, cows in post parturient stage, cows in early and late lactation period. Biochemical alterations like increased AST, ALT and BUN level indicating liver and kidney dysfunctions in all the groups and significantly higher in post parturient group. The serum phosphorus, calcium and magnesium level decreased in all the affected groups and mostly in late pregnancy period and post parturient stage indicating metabolic disturbances during the disease which were aggravated during theileriosis. Through molecular diagnosis 114 cows (65.51%) were found positive for T. annulata and 41 cows (22.9%) were found positive for T. orientalis and 19 cows (10.9%) were found positive for both Theileria annulata and Theileria orientalis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the accession number for Theileria annulata was OQ230445 which is having 100% similarity with puri isolate and 98% similarity with Khorda isolate and the accession number for T. orientalis was OQ 230446 having 85% similarity with Khorda isolate. On necropsy, the animals were weak, debilitated with atrophy of the muscles. In some cases, the liver was enlarged, markedly congested and in some cases yellowish tinged surface and cut edges with distension of gall bladder was evident. Abomasal ulcers were distinct and considered as pathognomonic. On histopathological examination, the liver revealed necrosis of hepatocytes with sinusoidal congestion and infiltration of mononuclear cells. In lymphnode, there was depletion of lymphocytes in lymphoid follicles with congestion and haemorrhage. Pulmonary edema was also evident in few cases. The combined approach involving biochemical, molecular, Post-mortem and histopathological characters were found to be fruitful in diagnosis of the bovine theileriosis at different stages of production and reproduction with optimum specificity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effects of Teucrium polium Leaves Ethanolic Extract against Eimeria papillata-Induced Behavioral Changes in Mice","authors":"S.N. Maodaa, S. Al-quraishy, R. Abdel-Gaber, A. Alatawi, S.A. Alawwad, Dalal Alhomoud, Esam A Al-Shaebi","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1802","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medicinal plants that are abundant in physiologically active phytochemicals have long been used in traditional medicine. Due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities, several of these can lower the chance of developing certain illnesses. Coccidiosis is a disease that affects many animals and results in large financial losses. Eimeria spp. strains that are resistant to drugs have emerged as a result of drug addiction and overuse. Therefore, Teucrium polium leaves ethanolic extract (TPLE) was assessed on behavioral performance for the animals injected with Eimeria papillata. Methods: T. polium leaves ethanolic extract (TPLE) was prepared. Also, the behavior of mice infected with the E. papillata parasite and treated with the plant extract was evaluated. In addition, eosin and hematoxylin-stained tissue sections of mice brains were made. Result: There was an improvement in the number of vertical and horizontal movements in the plant-treated group. In addition, there was an improvement in learning and memory through increased total latency time the number of crossings during the shock. Also declined the number of inertial crossings and several reinforced crossings during the shock. There were no changes in oxidative stress or brain histopathology. Our results showed that TPLE has improved the behavioral performance of mice, which promotes the conduct of numerous researches on the compounds found in plants and their effect on animal behavior and also in investigating the behavior of animals in response to infection and treatment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Bacterial Diseases in Ornamental Fish Rearing Units of Kolathur, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"R. Srinath, A. Uma","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5288","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ornamental fishkeeping is a widely embraced hobby globally. In India, Kolathur, Chennai Tamil Nadu is an important ornamental fish hub involved in trading of ornamental fishes. As a lucrative industry, the ornamental fish trade faces significant challenges due to diseases caused by various pathogens, impacting market value and causing economic losses. Methods: A surveillance study was conducted in Kolathur, Chennai, from December 2022 to August 2023. Ornamental fish samples exhibiting clinical signs of bacterial diseases were collected from the farms and retail outlets. Bacterial isolation and identification techniques, including conventional and PCR detection, were employed to isolate and identify bacterial strains from infected fish samples. Result: Out of 196 fish samples, 51 (29.4%) were found infected with bacterial pathogens. The prevalent bacterial pathogens included Aeromonas veronii (47%), A.caviae (17%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%), Streptococcus sp. (11.3%), Mycobacterium fortuitum (5.6%) and Shewanella sp. (3.7%). Different fish families exhibited varying susceptibility to bacterial diseases, with cyprinids being the most affected (56.6%). The findings stress the importance of adhering to health regulations to prevent transboundary spread and suggest the development of targeted management strategies to sustain the health of ornamental fish populations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological Analysis of Nanoparticles and Microparticles Used as Oral Vaccine Delivery Systems using Vero Cell","authors":"Dipankar Hazarika, Durlabh Prasad Borah, J. S. Boruah, Yasmin Begum, Anisha Sultana, S. Tamuly, Kamal Behari Devchoudhuri, Probodh Borah, Dhruba Jyoti Kalita","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5246","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study was carried out to evaluate in-vitro toxicity associated with chitosan nanoparticles, Gantrez® nanoparticles and poly-lactide co-glycolide (PLG) microparticle in Vero cell line. The cytotoxicity of all three micro/nano-particles was assessed using different concentration. Methods: For each concentration of these delivery systems, the confluent monolayer of Vero cells was treated for a period of 48 hours and studied for morphological alteration and cell survivability after the treatment. Results: It was observed that the different concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles and Gantrez® nanoparticles did not have significant effect on the cell viability as evident from the non-significant difference between the OD540 of formazan product formed from MTT in treated and untreated cells. The concentration of chitosan nanoparticles and Gantrez® nanoparticles up to 1000 µg/ml did not have any influence in cellular metabolic activities and viability. However, a slight reduction (statistically insignificant) in the cellular viability and metabolic activities were observed when PLG microparticles were used at 1000 µg/ml.","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}