S. Kumari, A. K. Pandey, S. Kumar, Vaishali, P. Bagri, A. Magotra
Background: Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is a prevalent cause of infertility in buffalo, necessitating a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of IL-1RII, IL-1RA and IL-4 cytokines in naturally occurring ovarian follicular cysts obtained from a slaughter house. Methods: The relative gene expression was assessed using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) while concentrations of IL-1andIL-4 were quantified in follicular fluid via ELISA. Result: The results revealed that the IL-4 gene was expressed in both normal and cystic follicles, with slightly higher expression observed in cystic follicles, albeit without statistical significance. Interestingly, higher concentrations of IL-1 and IL-4 were found in normal follicles compared to cystic follicles, regardless of the season, with no significant variations between seasons within the same follicle type. These findings provide valuable insights into the altered cytokine expression and hormonal profiles associated with cystic ovarian disease in buffalo. Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise roles of these cytokines and hormones in the pathophysiology of COD, potentially leading to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this infertility disorder in buffalo.
{"title":"Seasonal Comparative Analysis of Follicular Interleukin Concentration and Expression of IL1RII, IL4 and IL1RA in Cystic Follicles Versus Normal Preovulatory Follicles in Buffalo","authors":"S. Kumari, A. K. Pandey, S. Kumar, Vaishali, P. Bagri, A. Magotra","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5373","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is a prevalent cause of infertility in buffalo, necessitating a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of IL-1RII, IL-1RA and IL-4 cytokines in naturally occurring ovarian follicular cysts obtained from a slaughter house. Methods: The relative gene expression was assessed using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) while concentrations of IL-1andIL-4 were quantified in follicular fluid via ELISA. Result: The results revealed that the IL-4 gene was expressed in both normal and cystic follicles, with slightly higher expression observed in cystic follicles, albeit without statistical significance. Interestingly, higher concentrations of IL-1 and IL-4 were found in normal follicles compared to cystic follicles, regardless of the season, with no significant variations between seasons within the same follicle type. These findings provide valuable insights into the altered cytokine expression and hormonal profiles associated with cystic ovarian disease in buffalo. Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise roles of these cytokines and hormones in the pathophysiology of COD, potentially leading to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this infertility disorder in buffalo.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The longissimus dorsi muscle of the camel was chosen as the experimental material in order to investigate the impact of plasma electric field assisted freezing on the quality and freezing process of Bactrian camel meat. Methods: The effect of the auxiliary plasma electric field of different field strengths (1 kV/m, 3 kV/m and 5 kV/m) on the freezing velocity of the camel meat and the distribution of ice crystals as well as the diameter and roundness of ice crystal in the frozen meat were studied and analyzing them with the help of the thermodynamic theory. Result: The findings demonstrated that the meat samples in the auxiliary 5 kV/m plasma field environment took 60 min and 30 min, respectively, at -20°C and -35°C, to pass the maximal ice crystal production zone. The tissue sections revealed that at -20°C and -35°C assisted 5 kV/m plasma field freezing, the smallest ice crystal area and grain size were formed, the roundness of the ice crystals was highest. Using Boltzmann’s entropic equation to calculate the system’s entropy, the results revealed that the meat samples frozen by the aided 5 kV/m plasma electric field had the lowest entropy at -20°C and -35°C. The electric field assisted freezing requires less energy to improve the subcooling degree and accelerate the freezing rate of meat samples, proving that the auxiliary 5 kV/m plasma electric field can significantly improve the system frozen meat moisture vitrification degree and can make the crystallization process more controllable.
{"title":"Effect of Plasma Electric Field Assistance on the Freezing Process and Ice Crystal Formation of Bactrian Camel Meat","authors":"Dandan Qiao, Demtu Er, Riletu Ge, Rina Sha","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1704","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The longissimus dorsi muscle of the camel was chosen as the experimental material in order to investigate the impact of plasma electric field assisted freezing on the quality and freezing process of Bactrian camel meat. Methods: The effect of the auxiliary plasma electric field of different field strengths (1 kV/m, 3 kV/m and 5 kV/m) on the freezing velocity of the camel meat and the distribution of ice crystals as well as the diameter and roundness of ice crystal in the frozen meat were studied and analyzing them with the help of the thermodynamic theory. Result: The findings demonstrated that the meat samples in the auxiliary 5 kV/m plasma field environment took 60 min and 30 min, respectively, at -20°C and -35°C, to pass the maximal ice crystal production zone. The tissue sections revealed that at -20°C and -35°C assisted 5 kV/m plasma field freezing, the smallest ice crystal area and grain size were formed, the roundness of the ice crystals was highest. Using Boltzmann’s entropic equation to calculate the system’s entropy, the results revealed that the meat samples frozen by the aided 5 kV/m plasma electric field had the lowest entropy at -20°C and -35°C. The electric field assisted freezing requires less energy to improve the subcooling degree and accelerate the freezing rate of meat samples, proving that the auxiliary 5 kV/m plasma electric field can significantly improve the system frozen meat moisture vitrification degree and can make the crystallization process more controllable.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rakesh Kumar Gupta, D. Niyogi, R. Joshi, Vibha Yadav, Vikas Jaiswal, D.P. Shrivastava, S. Singh, Sonu Jaiswal, Jaswant Singh, Kabir Alam
Background: The pathogens associated with diarrhoea in small ruminants include Escherichia coli, Rotavirus, PPR virus and Salmonella spp. either singly or in combination. Many researchers have worked on E. coli strains of goats almost in all agro-climatic zones of India but most of the studies were limited to only small study areas and no study has been conducted on E. coli prevalence in goats in Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh. Methods: The study was conducted in eight district of Eastern Plain zone of Uttar Pradesh including goat farm of ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya which comes under Agro-climatic zone IV (Middle Gangetic Plain region). Faecal samples were collected for one year (September, 2021 to August, 2022) from dead goats having history of diarrhoea. Result: The overall prevalence of E. coli isolates on PCR analysis was 52.27%. The prevalence was highest in Varanasi district as 63.63% (7/11) while lowest was reported in Ghazipur district as 36.36% (4/11). The occurrence of E. coli isolates was higher in Age Group I (79.31%) followed by Age Group II (41.17%) and Age Group III (36.00%). The E. coli isolates revealed higher positivity in female (57.69%) than male (44.44%). The occurrence of E. coli isolates was highest in summer (75.86%) followed by rainy (42.42%) and lowest in winter (38.46%) season. The obtained PCR amplicons on sequencing was identified as Escherichia coli strain U 5/41 16S ribosomal RNA as it showed highest similarity of 98.96 % with accession no. NR_024570.1
{"title":"Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of E. coli in Diarrhoeic Goats in Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh","authors":"Rakesh Kumar Gupta, D. Niyogi, R. Joshi, Vibha Yadav, Vikas Jaiswal, D.P. Shrivastava, S. Singh, Sonu Jaiswal, Jaswant Singh, Kabir Alam","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5179","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The pathogens associated with diarrhoea in small ruminants include Escherichia coli, Rotavirus, PPR virus and Salmonella spp. either singly or in combination. Many researchers have worked on E. coli strains of goats almost in all agro-climatic zones of India but most of the studies were limited to only small study areas and no study has been conducted on E. coli prevalence in goats in Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh. Methods: The study was conducted in eight district of Eastern Plain zone of Uttar Pradesh including goat farm of ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya which comes under Agro-climatic zone IV (Middle Gangetic Plain region). Faecal samples were collected for one year (September, 2021 to August, 2022) from dead goats having history of diarrhoea. Result: The overall prevalence of E. coli isolates on PCR analysis was 52.27%. The prevalence was highest in Varanasi district as 63.63% (7/11) while lowest was reported in Ghazipur district as 36.36% (4/11). The occurrence of E. coli isolates was higher in Age Group I (79.31%) followed by Age Group II (41.17%) and Age Group III (36.00%). The E. coli isolates revealed higher positivity in female (57.69%) than male (44.44%). The occurrence of E. coli isolates was highest in summer (75.86%) followed by rainy (42.42%) and lowest in winter (38.46%) season. The obtained PCR amplicons on sequencing was identified as Escherichia coli strain U 5/41 16S ribosomal RNA as it showed highest similarity of 98.96 % with accession no. NR_024570.1\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Audarya, K. Chaubey, S. Gupta, B. Bharti, N. Pathak, D. Chhabra, S. Matoli, A.K. Mishra, S.V. Singh
Background: Paratuberculosis or Johne’s disease in large ruminants is caused due to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. The bacterial disease in large ruminants is characterized by chronic diarrhea, weakness and emaciation. There are no reports on Paratuberculosis in this area’s large ruminant population and its genotyping. Methods: A total of 76 samples (26 fecal and 50 milk) of large ruminants from Satna district in Madhya Pradesh were investigated (microscopical; for the presence of acid-fast organisms and molecular methods; for gene-specific amplification) for the presence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection. Result: Microscopical examinations of fecal samples revealed 11.54% positivity and milk samples 14% positivity of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection. A single fecal and 2 milk samples were found positive in the IS900 polymerase chain reaction test (413 bp product). Specific amplification of 608 bp IS1311 product followed by restriction endonuclease analysis proved the genotype of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis as Bison type.
背景：大型反刍动物的副结核病或约翰氏病是由副结核分枝杆菌引起的。这种细菌性疾病在大型反刍动物中的特征是慢性腹泻、虚弱和消瘦。目前还没有关于该地区大型反刍动物副结核病及其基因分型的报告。研究方法对中央邦萨特纳地区的 76 份大型反刍动物样本（26 份粪便样本和 50 份牛奶样本）进行了调查（显微镜检查；检测是否存在耐酸菌；分子方法；检测基因特异性扩增），以确定是否存在副结核分枝杆菌感染。结果：粪便样本显微镜检查显示 11.54%的阳性率，牛奶样本显示 14%的阳性率。在 IS900 聚合酶链反应测试中，发现一个粪便样本和两个牛奶样本呈阳性（413 bp 产物）。对 608 bp 的 IS1311 产物进行特异性扩增，然后进行限制性内切酶分析，证明副结核分枝杆菌的基因型为野牛型。
{"title":"First Genotyping of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis from Large Ruminant Population at Satna District in Madhya Pradesh in India to Bison Type","authors":"S. Audarya, K. Chaubey, S. Gupta, B. Bharti, N. Pathak, D. Chhabra, S. Matoli, A.K. Mishra, S.V. Singh","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5318","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Paratuberculosis or Johne’s disease in large ruminants is caused due to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. The bacterial disease in large ruminants is characterized by chronic diarrhea, weakness and emaciation. There are no reports on Paratuberculosis in this area’s large ruminant population and its genotyping. Methods: A total of 76 samples (26 fecal and 50 milk) of large ruminants from Satna district in Madhya Pradesh were investigated (microscopical; for the presence of acid-fast organisms and molecular methods; for gene-specific amplification) for the presence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection. Result: Microscopical examinations of fecal samples revealed 11.54% positivity and milk samples 14% positivity of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection. A single fecal and 2 milk samples were found positive in the IS900 polymerase chain reaction test (413 bp product). Specific amplification of 608 bp IS1311 product followed by restriction endonuclease analysis proved the genotype of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis as Bison type.","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H.R. Patil, G. Khandekar, S. Tripathi, S. V. Gaikwad, R.L. Sawant, Dishant Saini, S. A. Chauhan
Despite all of the advantages of laparoscopic surgery, there remain certain concerns. An increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) exerted by CO2 pneumoperitoneum has adverse effects on all organs and systems especially on the circularity system and cardiac function. To understand effect of IAP study was undertaken on twelve female mongrel dogs brought for laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy. All dogs were sedated with butorphanol, induced with propofol and maintenance of anesthesia was done with isoflurane. All dogs underwent a detailed systemic investigation protocol including echocardiographic examination. Physiological parameters such as rectal temperature decreased significantly throughout anaesthetic period and come to normal after complete recovery. Heart rate, pulse rate and respiratory rate was decreased significantly after induction of anaesthesia and increased after insufflation of CO2. Echocardiographic parameters like EF and CO were decreased significantly after induction of anaesthesia by 9% and 33% respectively and after insufflation of CO2 by 8% and 5% respectively. However, all other parameters (FS and SV) showed no significant changes. In conclusion, effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum and anaesthesia on cardiac function are mild and of transient duration in healthy dogs.
{"title":"Cardiac Effects of Carbon Dioxide Pneumoperitoneum in Veterinary Laparoscopy for Dogs","authors":"H.R. Patil, G. Khandekar, S. Tripathi, S. V. Gaikwad, R.L. Sawant, Dishant Saini, S. A. Chauhan","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5366","url":null,"abstract":"Despite all of the advantages of laparoscopic surgery, there remain certain concerns. An increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) exerted by CO2 pneumoperitoneum has adverse effects on all organs and systems especially on the circularity system and cardiac function. To understand effect of IAP study was undertaken on twelve female mongrel dogs brought for laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy. All dogs were sedated with butorphanol, induced with propofol and maintenance of anesthesia was done with isoflurane. All dogs underwent a detailed systemic investigation protocol including echocardiographic examination. Physiological parameters such as rectal temperature decreased significantly throughout anaesthetic period and come to normal after complete recovery. Heart rate, pulse rate and respiratory rate was decreased significantly after induction of anaesthesia and increased after insufflation of CO2. Echocardiographic parameters like EF and CO were decreased significantly after induction of anaesthesia by 9% and 33% respectively and after insufflation of CO2 by 8% and 5% respectively. However, all other parameters (FS and SV) showed no significant changes. In conclusion, effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum and anaesthesia on cardiac function are mild and of transient duration in healthy dogs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neeraj Srivastava, M.H. Khan, G. Singh, B. Kumar, A. Jackson, K. Singh, N. Biswas
Effect of oxidative-stress (OS) on male fertility is much as it reduces fertility to a substantial low level. In bulls, a variety of testicular insults, such as exposure to toxins, X-ray and environmental chemicals, pollutants or specific physical ailments (varicocele) can result in OS which is then reflected in the spermatozoa health. The free-radicals induced damage can be either due to reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. The measures to alleviate such OS include either preventive measures to suppress the production of free-radicals or addition of supplements to counteract the negative effect post-facto. Since detrimental effect of free-radicals is well documented estimation of its presence in semen and effect on spermatozoa need to be carried out precisely to chalk out a strategy to counterbalance the OS. This review briefly touches upon aetiology, methods of combating OS and comparative analysis of various available determinative assays.
氧化应激（OS）对男性生育能力的影响很大，因为它会将生育能力降到很低的水平。公牛睾丸受到的各种损伤，如暴露于毒素、X 射线和环境化学物质、污染物或特定的身体疾病（精索静脉曲张），都可能导致氧化应激，进而反映在精子健康上。自由基引起的损伤可能是活性氧或氮物种造成的。缓解此类 OS 的措施包括采取预防措施抑制自由基的产生，或添加补充剂事后抵消其负面影响。由于自由基的有害影响已得到充分证实，因此需要对精液中自由基的存在及其对精子的影响进行精确评估，以制定抵消操作系统的策略。本综述简要介绍了OS的病因、抗击OS的方法以及对各种可用测定方法的比较分析。
{"title":"Causes, Ameliorative Measures and Assays to Estimate Testicular Oxidative Stress in Bulls: A Review","authors":"Neeraj Srivastava, M.H. Khan, G. Singh, B. Kumar, A. Jackson, K. Singh, N. Biswas","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5301","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of oxidative-stress (OS) on male fertility is much as it reduces fertility to a substantial low level. In bulls, a variety of testicular insults, such as exposure to toxins, X-ray and environmental chemicals, pollutants or specific physical ailments (varicocele) can result in OS which is then reflected in the spermatozoa health. The free-radicals induced damage can be either due to reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. The measures to alleviate such OS include either preventive measures to suppress the production of free-radicals or addition of supplements to counteract the negative effect post-facto. Since detrimental effect of free-radicals is well documented estimation of its presence in semen and effect on spermatozoa need to be carried out precisely to chalk out a strategy to counterbalance the OS. This review briefly touches upon aetiology, methods of combating OS and comparative analysis of various available determinative assays.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The zona pellucida (ZP) is a extracellular transparent coat surrounding the oocyte and preimplantation embryo in mammals. The ZP separates between the surrounding cumulus cells and oocyte. It plays a pivotal role in oocyte growth and fertilization and early embryo development. Zona pellucida formation and glycoproteins, roles of ZP on female fertility and infertility, ZP micromanipulation on embryo development and changes of ZP upon vitrification of oocytes is discussed. Zona pellucida is formed of glycoproteins during ovarian follicle growth and development. It protects the oocyte from physical or chemical damage, initiates fertilization, prevents polyspermy and supports early embryonic development. The ZP is responsible for recognition between oocytes and sperm. Mutations in glycoproteins cause female infertility characterized by empty follicle syndrome and oocyte degeneration. The ZP removal is detrimental for embryo implantation. Furthermore, there is a biophysical role of ZP during vitrification of oocytes. Hence, the current review article was designed to collect, discuss and highlight the characters of zona pellucida, roles in female fertility and infertility, ZP micromanipulation on embryo development and changes of ZP upon vitrification.
{"title":"An Insight into the Roles of Zona Pellucida in Growth and Development of Mammalian Ocytes and Embryos: Changes of Age-related and Cryopreservation: A Review","authors":"A. Mohammed, S. Al-Suwaiegh, I. Al-Gherair","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1812","url":null,"abstract":"The zona pellucida (ZP) is a extracellular transparent coat surrounding the oocyte and preimplantation embryo in mammals. The ZP separates between the surrounding cumulus cells and oocyte. It plays a pivotal role in oocyte growth and fertilization and early embryo development. Zona pellucida formation and glycoproteins, roles of ZP on female fertility and infertility, ZP micromanipulation on embryo development and changes of ZP upon vitrification of oocytes is discussed. Zona pellucida is formed of glycoproteins during ovarian follicle growth and development. It protects the oocyte from physical or chemical damage, initiates fertilization, prevents polyspermy and supports early embryonic development. The ZP is responsible for recognition between oocytes and sperm. Mutations in glycoproteins cause female infertility characterized by empty follicle syndrome and oocyte degeneration. The ZP removal is detrimental for embryo implantation. Furthermore, there is a biophysical role of ZP during vitrification of oocytes. Hence, the current review article was designed to collect, discuss and highlight the characters of zona pellucida, roles in female fertility and infertility, ZP micromanipulation on embryo development and changes of ZP upon vitrification.","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The liver, the main organ in the continuity of energy supply, is the largest gland in the body. The liver, which has functions such as cleansing the body from toxins, synthesizing bile, secreting the synthesized bile and regulating metabolism, acts as an endocrine and exocrine gland. The liver is a complex organ that processes the digested and absorbed substances, stores them for the benefit of other organs or transfers them to the circulatory system, thus creating a transition zone between the digestive system and the circulatory system. The aim of this study is to examine the Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) liver Anatomically, Histologically and by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Methods: In this study Chinese geese (Anser cygnoides) were procured from a private farm in Aksaray, 6 females and 6 males, were utilized. Result: Tissue samples were examined under a light microscope with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining method. Histologically, it was observed that the liver in Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) did not have the typical lobule structure, consisted of many lobules and the interlobular septum was thin. Hepatocytes were oval and centrally located and merged to form remark cords and these remark cords were separated by sinusoids. Kupffer cells were present. Lymph nodules were intensely observed in the examined tissues. Bile duct, arteria hepatica and vena porta forming the Kiernan’s space were found. It was determined that each unit with the vena centralis was similar to the lobule structure. Healthy mitochondrial structures and heterochromatic-appearing hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were observed electron microscopically. The nucleus of the hepatocyte was round and euchromatic, the nuclear membrane was healthy and intact and the nucleolus was centrally located. The cytoplasm contained a very small number of small vacuoles. It was observed that the cytoplasm was homogeneously distributed. Mitochondria were normal in appearance, with regular double membranes and healthy cristae. A very prominent bile duct and a healthy endoplasmic reticulum structure were observed.
{"title":"Anatomical, Histological and Transmission Electron Microscopic Examination of Liver in Chinese Goose (Anser cygnoides)","authors":"Ali Burak Çıraklı, Hatice Yaren Kuloğlu","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1732","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The liver, the main organ in the continuity of energy supply, is the largest gland in the body. The liver, which has functions such as cleansing the body from toxins, synthesizing bile, secreting the synthesized bile and regulating metabolism, acts as an endocrine and exocrine gland. The liver is a complex organ that processes the digested and absorbed substances, stores them for the benefit of other organs or transfers them to the circulatory system, thus creating a transition zone between the digestive system and the circulatory system. The aim of this study is to examine the Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) liver Anatomically, Histologically and by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Methods: In this study Chinese geese (Anser cygnoides) were procured from a private farm in Aksaray, 6 females and 6 males, were utilized. Result: Tissue samples were examined under a light microscope with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining method. Histologically, it was observed that the liver in Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) did not have the typical lobule structure, consisted of many lobules and the interlobular septum was thin. Hepatocytes were oval and centrally located and merged to form remark cords and these remark cords were separated by sinusoids. Kupffer cells were present. Lymph nodules were intensely observed in the examined tissues. Bile duct, arteria hepatica and vena porta forming the Kiernan’s space were found. It was determined that each unit with the vena centralis was similar to the lobule structure. Healthy mitochondrial structures and heterochromatic-appearing hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were observed electron microscopically. The nucleus of the hepatocyte was round and euchromatic, the nuclear membrane was healthy and intact and the nucleolus was centrally located. The cytoplasm contained a very small number of small vacuoles. It was observed that the cytoplasm was homogeneously distributed. Mitochondria were normal in appearance, with regular double membranes and healthy cristae. A very prominent bile duct and a healthy endoplasmic reticulum structure were observed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Das, A. Shahi, Shobha Jawre, Randhir Singh, Apoorva Mishra
Background: The aim of current study was to assess pre and post-operative vision status through neuro-ophthalmic examination of 24 canine eyes after phacoemulsification with implantation of different acrylic intra ocular lenses. Methods: The study was conducted on 24 canine eyes. Preoperatively, detailed neuro-ophthalmic tests viz. Menace response, Pupillary light reflex (PLR), Obstacle Course and Moving object (cotton ball) were conducted for assessment of vision due to cataract and to exclude other ocular pathologies. Dogs were divided in four groups with 6 eyes in each group and subjected to phacoemulsification procedure for removal of cataractous lens and implanted with square edge or round edge, hydrophilic or hydrophobic intra ocular lenses (IOL). Post operatively, aforementioned neuro-ophthalmic tests were conducted on 3, 7 and 15 days and scores were given and comparatively analysed for vision acuity. Result: Preoperatively, neuro-opthalmic tests indicated poor and absent vision in eyes affected with various stages of cataract. Post operatively, the visual outcome in dogs of all treatment groups were assessed from the scores obtained in various neuro-ophthalmic tests. Neuro-ophthalmic evaluation revealed restoration of vision in 50% dogs in group I, II, IV and in 66.66% dogs of group III on day 15 after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. It was concluded that neuro-ophthalmic tests are useful and mandatory protocols for pre and post-operative vision assessment in dogs with cataract.
{"title":"Neuro-ophthalmic Tests for Assessment of Vision Before and After Phacoemulsification in Cataractous Dogs","authors":"B. Das, A. Shahi, Shobha Jawre, Randhir Singh, Apoorva Mishra","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5248","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of current study was to assess pre and post-operative vision status through neuro-ophthalmic examination of 24 canine eyes after phacoemulsification with implantation of different acrylic intra ocular lenses. Methods: The study was conducted on 24 canine eyes. Preoperatively, detailed neuro-ophthalmic tests viz. Menace response, Pupillary light reflex (PLR), Obstacle Course and Moving object (cotton ball) were conducted for assessment of vision due to cataract and to exclude other ocular pathologies. Dogs were divided in four groups with 6 eyes in each group and subjected to phacoemulsification procedure for removal of cataractous lens and implanted with square edge or round edge, hydrophilic or hydrophobic intra ocular lenses (IOL). Post operatively, aforementioned neuro-ophthalmic tests were conducted on 3, 7 and 15 days and scores were given and comparatively analysed for vision acuity. Result: Preoperatively, neuro-opthalmic tests indicated poor and absent vision in eyes affected with various stages of cataract. Post operatively, the visual outcome in dogs of all treatment groups were assessed from the scores obtained in various neuro-ophthalmic tests. Neuro-ophthalmic evaluation revealed restoration of vision in 50% dogs in group I, II, IV and in 66.66% dogs of group III on day 15 after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. It was concluded that neuro-ophthalmic tests are useful and mandatory protocols for pre and post-operative vision assessment in dogs with cataract.","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Fish, owing to its nutritional attributes, serves as a pivotal component of a wholesome diet. The constituents found in fish, specifically macroelements and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), play a crucial role in promoting human health. This study investigates the fatty acid profiles and macro element contents of economically significant fish species, including garfish (Belone belone), European barracuda (Sphyraena sphyraena) and anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius), with a specific focus on gender-based differences. The research addresses a notable gap in existing literature, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the nutritional quality of these species. Methods: In February 2023, marine fish species, were obtained from the Aegean Sea located between the western and southwestern shores of Türkiye and the eastern shores of Greece. A total of fifteen samples, representing each fish species and gender within the sampling area, were collected for the analysis of fatty acids and macro elements. Result: The findings of this study indicate that, regardless of fish species and gender, the major fatty acids in the SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs classes were palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1n-9) and DHA (C22:6n-3), respectively. The examined species in this study exhibit average macro element levels. While PUFA, EPA and DHA values meet target levels of content for human health and quality food consumption, achieving these levels minimally implies that the studied species lack a rich fatty acid profile compared to those in prior research. Nonetheless, it is concluded that monitoring seasonal variations is essential for a comprehensive understanding of their fatty acid composition.
{"title":"Sex-based Differences in Fatty Acids and Macro Elements Composition in Garfish, European Barracuda and Anglerfish from Aegean Sea, Türkiye","authors":"M. P. Olgunoğlu, I. Olgunoglu, E. Artar","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1770","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fish, owing to its nutritional attributes, serves as a pivotal component of a wholesome diet. The constituents found in fish, specifically macroelements and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), play a crucial role in promoting human health. This study investigates the fatty acid profiles and macro element contents of economically significant fish species, including garfish (Belone belone), European barracuda (Sphyraena sphyraena) and anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius), with a specific focus on gender-based differences. The research addresses a notable gap in existing literature, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the nutritional quality of these species. Methods: In February 2023, marine fish species, were obtained from the Aegean Sea located between the western and southwestern shores of Türkiye and the eastern shores of Greece. A total of fifteen samples, representing each fish species and gender within the sampling area, were collected for the analysis of fatty acids and macro elements. Result: The findings of this study indicate that, regardless of fish species and gender, the major fatty acids in the SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs classes were palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1n-9) and DHA (C22:6n-3), respectively. The examined species in this study exhibit average macro element levels. While PUFA, EPA and DHA values meet target levels of content for human health and quality food consumption, achieving these levels minimally implies that the studied species lack a rich fatty acid profile compared to those in prior research. Nonetheless, it is concluded that monitoring seasonal variations is essential for a comprehensive understanding of their fatty acid composition.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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