L. Purnamasari, J.F. dela Cruz, D.B. Lee, Y.J. Choi, J.K. Yi, S.G. Hwang
Background: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) represent an attractive tissue source in pharmacogenomics and molecular and immunologic studies. In order to investigate the changes in biological effects, water samples were exposed to a specific quantum entanglement signal from the SoRegen chip for 48 hours. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of SoRegen Technology in broiler and layer hens PBMCs. Methods: Six-week-old Arbor Acress broiler chickens and 66-week-old layer hens Lohmann were used for the establishment of an in vitro cell culture model with chicken PBMCs. Result: The result indicates that post-treated water media enhanced the proliferative properties of broiler and layer hens PBMCs. The mRNA and protein expression of immune-modulating and pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-2, IL-6, iNOS, IFNγ, TNFα and NFκB exhibited a marked increase following stimulation of the cells by LPS and Con A when compared with the non-stimulated cells. However, stimulated cells grown in structured water media showed a strikingly decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, except for the upregulation of IFNg expression in broiler PBMCs but not in layer hens PBMCs. It can be concluded that SoRegen® Technology water had anti-inflammatory activities with potential clinical immunomodulatory effects in younger chicks.
{"title":"In vitro Study on the Immunomodulatory and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Soregen® Technology Water in Broiler and Layer Hens Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells","authors":"L. Purnamasari, J.F. dela Cruz, D.B. Lee, Y.J. Choi, J.K. Yi, S.G. Hwang","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1798","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) represent an attractive tissue source in pharmacogenomics and molecular and immunologic studies. In order to investigate the changes in biological effects, water samples were exposed to a specific quantum entanglement signal from the SoRegen chip for 48 hours. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of SoRegen Technology in broiler and layer hens PBMCs. Methods: Six-week-old Arbor Acress broiler chickens and 66-week-old layer hens Lohmann were used for the establishment of an in vitro cell culture model with chicken PBMCs. Result: The result indicates that post-treated water media enhanced the proliferative properties of broiler and layer hens PBMCs. The mRNA and protein expression of immune-modulating and pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-2, IL-6, iNOS, IFNγ, TNFα and NFκB exhibited a marked increase following stimulation of the cells by LPS and Con A when compared with the non-stimulated cells. However, stimulated cells grown in structured water media showed a strikingly decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, except for the upregulation of IFNg expression in broiler PBMCs but not in layer hens PBMCs. It can be concluded that SoRegen® Technology water had anti-inflammatory activities with potential clinical immunomodulatory effects in younger chicks.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. kour, Nazam Khan, R.K. Sharma, Vikas Mahajan, Z.F. Bhat, S.A. Khandii
Background: Phytogenic feed additives (PFA) have enormous potential to replace commercial productive performance enhancer in layer quail diet that can be owed to their active principles, easy availability, non-toxic and residue-free nature. The present study was aimed to select an ideal PFA by evaluating the supplemental effect of various phytoadditives on egg quality indices. Methods: Three hundred sixty quail layers (6 weeks old; same hatch) were randomly distributed into eight groups (n=45), having three replicas of 15 quail layers per group. Basal diet was similar in all groups, except PFA supplementation. Different dietary groups were: Negative control (NC; contains no additive), positive control (PC; herbal growth promoter), whereas T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 groups were supplemented with 1% dietary additive namely turmeric, garlic, fenugreek, cumin, aloe vera and oregano powder, respectively. Eggs were evaluated for external and internal egg quality indices at monthly intervals, but yolk cholesterol was determined at end of trial. Result: Our investigations revealed that average monthly egg number was significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in the PC and PFA supplemented groups during the first 3 months of laying. Mean egg weight of the trial was found significantly higher in PC, T1, T2, T4 and lowest in NC, with intermediate egg weights for rest groups. Shell thickness was found highest in PC, T1, T3 and lowest in NC, T5, T6 whereas rest groups have intermittent values. However, shape index showed higher values in PC, T1 and lower values in NC and T3. Average Haugh unit was found significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in T1 than rest of the groups, but yolk index showed no significant difference. The cholesterol content of quail egg yolk (mg/g yolk) was highest in NC group followed by PC and lowest in T2 and T3. Cost benefit ratio was found highest in T1, T3 and T5 and was lowest in T6 group. It may be inferred that turmeric supplementation is comparable to commercial herbal additive in terms of egg quality of layer quail.
{"title":"Influence of Supplementation of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Egg Quality of Layer Quail","authors":"G. kour, Nazam Khan, R.K. Sharma, Vikas Mahajan, Z.F. Bhat, S.A. Khandii","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5273","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Phytogenic feed additives (PFA) have enormous potential to replace commercial productive performance enhancer in layer quail diet that can be owed to their active principles, easy availability, non-toxic and residue-free nature. The present study was aimed to select an ideal PFA by evaluating the supplemental effect of various phytoadditives on egg quality indices. Methods: Three hundred sixty quail layers (6 weeks old; same hatch) were randomly distributed into eight groups (n=45), having three replicas of 15 quail layers per group. Basal diet was similar in all groups, except PFA supplementation. Different dietary groups were: Negative control (NC; contains no additive), positive control (PC; herbal growth promoter), whereas T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 groups were supplemented with 1% dietary additive namely turmeric, garlic, fenugreek, cumin, aloe vera and oregano powder, respectively. Eggs were evaluated for external and internal egg quality indices at monthly intervals, but yolk cholesterol was determined at end of trial. Result: Our investigations revealed that average monthly egg number was significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in the PC and PFA supplemented groups during the first 3 months of laying. Mean egg weight of the trial was found significantly higher in PC, T1, T2, T4 and lowest in NC, with intermediate egg weights for rest groups. Shell thickness was found highest in PC, T1, T3 and lowest in NC, T5, T6 whereas rest groups have intermittent values. However, shape index showed higher values in PC, T1 and lower values in NC and T3. Average Haugh unit was found significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in T1 than rest of the groups, but yolk index showed no significant difference. The cholesterol content of quail egg yolk (mg/g yolk) was highest in NC group followed by PC and lowest in T2 and T3. Cost benefit ratio was found highest in T1, T3 and T5 and was lowest in T6 group. It may be inferred that turmeric supplementation is comparable to commercial herbal additive in terms of egg quality of layer quail.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mohammed, S. Al-Suwaiegh, I. AlGherair, F. Alessa, W. Alhujaili
Background: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) have gained great attention across the globe since ancient times or decades ago to be utilized as a delicacy spice or remedy to promote health and protect from ailments. Methods: Supplementing ginger and active phytochemical constituents to mammalian species for spicing foods and protecting cells from disorders during stressful conditions. Result: Supplementing ginger and active phytochemical constituents during stressful conditions might be helpful to overcome the stressors and increase productive and reproductive performances. Mammalian species during stressful conditions as transitional period, pregnancy, peak of lactation, heat stress andbody ailments require ginger and active phytochemical constituents to alleviate stress and promote body function. Ginger plant contains chemical compounds including amaldehyde, gingerol, shogaol and paradol, which are beneficial to the body health and have a wide range of pharmacological properties. Hence, the review article was designed to shed light of ginger and active phytochemical constituents’ supplementation on promoting health and protecting from disorders in human and animals.
{"title":"Promising Roles of Zingiber officinale and its Derivatives on Promoting Health and Protecting from Disorders","authors":"A. Mohammed, S. Al-Suwaiegh, I. AlGherair, F. Alessa, W. Alhujaili","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1788","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) have gained great attention across the globe since ancient times or decades ago to be utilized as a delicacy spice or remedy to promote health and protect from ailments. Methods: Supplementing ginger and active phytochemical constituents to mammalian species for spicing foods and protecting cells from disorders during stressful conditions. Result: Supplementing ginger and active phytochemical constituents during stressful conditions might be helpful to overcome the stressors and increase productive and reproductive performances. Mammalian species during stressful conditions as transitional period, pregnancy, peak of lactation, heat stress andbody ailments require ginger and active phytochemical constituents to alleviate stress and promote body function. Ginger plant contains chemical compounds including amaldehyde, gingerol, shogaol and paradol, which are beneficial to the body health and have a wide range of pharmacological properties. Hence, the review article was designed to shed light of ginger and active phytochemical constituents’ supplementation on promoting health and protecting from disorders in human and animals.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hee-Jin Chun, Dong-Mok Lee, Sun-Uk Kim, Hong Jun Lee, Byoung Boo Seo
Background: The overall objective of this study is to confirm that normal expression of yeast NADH- dehydrogenase (NDI1) can occur in neural stem cell lines of minipig with resistance to rotenone exposure, an environmental factor responsible for dysfunction of mitochondrial enzyme complex I. In modern society, there are many diseases that cannot be treated. Diseases including LHON, Parkinson disease and dystonia, have been associated with defects in mitochondrial complexes. This experiment was performed to demonstrate that it was not sensitive. The overall objective of this study is to confirm that normal expression of yeast NADH-dehydrogenase (NDI1) can occur in neural stem cell lines of minipig with resistance to rotenone exposure, an environmental factor responsible for dysfunction of mitochondrial enzyme complex I. Methods: A Mini Pig Neural stem cell line (MPV) was used for transfection of the NDI gene, DMEM/F-12 culture medium and MPV was inoculated in a six-well plate (Corning, USA) at a concentration of 1´105 cells/3ml/well, with inoculation of MPV at 37°C for 24 hours, 5% CO2, followed by incubation in an incubator with 95% humidity and attached. The plate containing MPV cells was treated with recombinant adeno-associated virus ndi1 (rAAV-ndi1) for transfection, with periodic replacement with a cell selection culture solution containing 10% FBS, 1% P/S and 0.2 mM rotenone. The experiment was performed for restoration of mitochondrial activity of thawed cells. RNA was extracted from MPV cells and transfection of MPV cells with the NDI1 gene was performed using Trizol (Invitrogen, USA). Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to confirm normal expression of the NDI1 gene in MPV cells transfected with the NDI1 gene. Immunofluorescence was performed to determine the presence of the NDI1 protein in the cell and the cell count was used for LUNA and the rate of cell death for rotenone was determined using the MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5- (3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt] assay. Result: rAAV-NDI1 was successfully introduced into MPV cells and the proliferation rates for the cells were compared with those of the transformed cells; after three days, the non-infected cells were killed and the infected cells proliferated. The results after differentiating the cell lines were similar to those of previously reported studies. Toxicity analysis on rotenone was also performed using the MTS assay and the rates of cell death over three days were compared; the results showed significantly lower levels of NDI1-transformed minipig neural stem cells compared with those of minipig. The present work will be a complementary contribution to the comprehensive study of the scorpion sting syndrome. These results were similar to those of previously reported studies. Previous studies have reported that oxidoreductive stress can be a cause of apoptosis. Therefore, conduct of additional studies for m
{"title":"Effects of Rotenone Exposure on Apoptosis in rAAV-NDI1-infected Neural Stem Cell Line of Minipig","authors":"Hee-Jin Chun, Dong-Mok Lee, Sun-Uk Kim, Hong Jun Lee, Byoung Boo Seo","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1803","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The overall objective of this study is to confirm that normal expression of yeast NADH- dehydrogenase (NDI1) can occur in neural stem cell lines of minipig with resistance to rotenone exposure, an environmental factor responsible for dysfunction of mitochondrial enzyme complex I. In modern society, there are many diseases that cannot be treated. Diseases including LHON, Parkinson disease and dystonia, have been associated with defects in mitochondrial complexes. This experiment was performed to demonstrate that it was not sensitive. The overall objective of this study is to confirm that normal expression of yeast NADH-dehydrogenase (NDI1) can occur in neural stem cell lines of minipig with resistance to rotenone exposure, an environmental factor responsible for dysfunction of mitochondrial enzyme complex I. Methods: A Mini Pig Neural stem cell line (MPV) was used for transfection of the NDI gene, DMEM/F-12 culture medium and MPV was inoculated in a six-well plate (Corning, USA) at a concentration of 1´105 cells/3ml/well, with inoculation of MPV at 37°C for 24 hours, 5% CO2, followed by incubation in an incubator with 95% humidity and attached. The plate containing MPV cells was treated with recombinant adeno-associated virus ndi1 (rAAV-ndi1) for transfection, with periodic replacement with a cell selection culture solution containing 10% FBS, 1% P/S and 0.2 mM rotenone. The experiment was performed for restoration of mitochondrial activity of thawed cells. RNA was extracted from MPV cells and transfection of MPV cells with the NDI1 gene was performed using Trizol (Invitrogen, USA). Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to confirm normal expression of the NDI1 gene in MPV cells transfected with the NDI1 gene. Immunofluorescence was performed to determine the presence of the NDI1 protein in the cell and the cell count was used for LUNA and the rate of cell death for rotenone was determined using the MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5- (3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt] assay. Result: rAAV-NDI1 was successfully introduced into MPV cells and the proliferation rates for the cells were compared with those of the transformed cells; after three days, the non-infected cells were killed and the infected cells proliferated. The results after differentiating the cell lines were similar to those of previously reported studies. Toxicity analysis on rotenone was also performed using the MTS assay and the rates of cell death over three days were compared; the results showed significantly lower levels of NDI1-transformed minipig neural stem cells compared with those of minipig. The present work will be a complementary contribution to the comprehensive study of the scorpion sting syndrome. These results were similar to those of previously reported studies. Previous studies have reported that oxidoreductive stress can be a cause of apoptosis. Therefore, conduct of additional studies for m","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mukani Kumari, L.N. Sankhla, L. Kumar, R.A. Legha, R. Dedar
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a prevalent opportunistic pathogen which is increasingly associated with various equine dermatological afflictions. The burgeoning issue of antibacterial resistance against this bacterium necessitates novel therapeutic approaches. This study, executed from May to November (2022) at the National Research Centre on Equine, Equine Production Centre, Bikaner, aimed to isolate and identify S. aureus from equine dermal lesions and to assess the in vitro efficacy of both organic (methanolic, aqueousand ethanolic) and inorganic (chloroform and petroleum ether) phytoextracts from Calotropis gigentean, Capparis decidua, Leptadenia pyrotechnica, Aerva javanica, Azadirachta indica, Aloe vera and Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Method: The study utilised agar well diffusion and broth dilution techniques to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of these extracts against S. aureus. Result: Microscopic analysis of gram-stained smears from cultures, alongside a suite of biochemical assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), corroborated the presence of S. aureus. The antimicrobial screening disclosed that both organic and inorganic extracts of E. camaldulensis manifested the most pronounced antibacterial activity, exhibiting zones of inhibition ranging from 15 mm to 21 mmand minimum inhibitory concentrations between 1.56 to 3.13 mg/mL. Furthermore, extracts from A. indica (chloroform, methanolicand ethanolic) and A. vera (methanolic and ethanolic) also demonstrated antibacterial effectiveness against this pathogen, with inhibition zones extending from 15 mm to 17.33 mm (MIC: 3.13 to 25 mg/mL) and 9 mm to 12 mm (MIC: 12.5 to 25 mg/mL), respectively. Moreover, the outcomes of this investigation substantiate the antibacterial capabilities of E. camaldulensis, A. indica and A. vera against dermatological pathogens, advocating their inclusion in topical antibacterial formulations as a strategic countermeasure to the escalating challenge of drug resistance.
背景：金黄色葡萄球菌是一种常见的机会性病原体，越来越多地与各种马皮肤病相关。针对这种细菌的抗菌药耐药性问题日益突出，因此需要新的治疗方法。这项研究于 2022 年 5 月至 11 月在比卡内尔的国家马匹研究中心（National Research Centre on Equine, Equine Production Centre, Bikaner）进行，旨在从马皮肤中分离和鉴定金黄色葡萄球菌。金黄色葡萄球菌，并评估有机（甲醇、水溶液和乙醇）和无机（氯仿和石油醚）植物提取物的体外疗效，这些提取物来自千层塔（Calotropis gigentean）、Capparis decidua、Leptadenia pyrotechnica、Aerva javanica、Azadirachta indica、芦荟（Aloe vera）和桉树（Eucalyptus camaldulensis）。方法：研究采用琼脂井扩散和肉汤稀释技术来评估这些提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌功效。结果：对培养物的革兰氏染色涂片进行显微分析，同时进行一系列生化检测和聚合酶链反应（PCR），证实了金黄色葡萄球菌的存在。抗菌筛选结果表明，E. camaldulensis 的有机和无机提取物都具有最明显的抗菌活性，抑菌区范围在 15 毫米至 21 毫米之间，最低抑菌浓度在 1.56 至 3.13 毫克/毫升之间。此外，A. indica（氯仿、甲醇和乙醇）和 A. vera（甲醇和乙醇）的提取物也显示出对病原体的抗菌效果，抑菌区分别为 15 毫米至 17.33 毫米（MIC：3.13 至 25 毫克/毫升）和 9 毫米至 12 毫米（MIC：12.5 至 25 毫克/毫升）。此外，这项研究结果证实了 E.camaldulensis、A. indica 和 A. vera 对皮肤病病原体的抗菌能力，主张将它们纳入局部抗菌配方，作为应对不断升级的耐药性挑战的战略对策。
{"title":"In vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of 7 Plant Extracts on Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Equine Skin Lesions","authors":"Mukani Kumari, L.N. Sankhla, L. Kumar, R.A. Legha, R. Dedar","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5316","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a prevalent opportunistic pathogen which is increasingly associated with various equine dermatological afflictions. The burgeoning issue of antibacterial resistance against this bacterium necessitates novel therapeutic approaches. This study, executed from May to November (2022) at the National Research Centre on Equine, Equine Production Centre, Bikaner, aimed to isolate and identify S. aureus from equine dermal lesions and to assess the in vitro efficacy of both organic (methanolic, aqueousand ethanolic) and inorganic (chloroform and petroleum ether) phytoextracts from Calotropis gigentean, Capparis decidua, Leptadenia pyrotechnica, Aerva javanica, Azadirachta indica, Aloe vera and Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Method: The study utilised agar well diffusion and broth dilution techniques to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of these extracts against S. aureus. Result: Microscopic analysis of gram-stained smears from cultures, alongside a suite of biochemical assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), corroborated the presence of S. aureus. The antimicrobial screening disclosed that both organic and inorganic extracts of E. camaldulensis manifested the most pronounced antibacterial activity, exhibiting zones of inhibition ranging from 15 mm to 21 mmand minimum inhibitory concentrations between 1.56 to 3.13 mg/mL. Furthermore, extracts from A. indica (chloroform, methanolicand ethanolic) and A. vera (methanolic and ethanolic) also demonstrated antibacterial effectiveness against this pathogen, with inhibition zones extending from 15 mm to 17.33 mm (MIC: 3.13 to 25 mg/mL) and 9 mm to 12 mm (MIC: 12.5 to 25 mg/mL), respectively. Moreover, the outcomes of this investigation substantiate the antibacterial capabilities of E. camaldulensis, A. indica and A. vera against dermatological pathogens, advocating their inclusion in topical antibacterial formulations as a strategic countermeasure to the escalating challenge of drug resistance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The productivity of livestock production has been greatly impacted by parasitic diseases. The infection prevalence of parasites in native and imported slaughtered animals has not received much attention, despite the fact that Saudi Arabia has data on animal parasites. This study aimed to determine the infection prevalence of parasites in slaughtered animals in relation to host origin and host age. Methods: This investigation was conducted at Al Makhwah area in southwestern Saudi Arabia for six months from September 2021 to February 2022. The examined animals were 1208 in total, including goats (504), sheep (440), and cattle (264). All the animals examined were slaughtered at official abattoirs. The collected parasites were preserved, processed, and identified. Result: Out of 1208 examined, 72 were infected (5.96%). The parasite community consisted of six species, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Fasciola hepatica, F. giagantica, Monezia expansa, Echinococcus granulosus (Hydatiid cyst), and Haemonchus contortus. Hydatidosis was a more prevalent parasitic disease. The infection prevalence of hydatidosis in the examined animals was high in cattle (4.85%) while were 3.76 and 4.77% in goats and sheep respectively. Significant differences in prevalence per host age in goats, sheep, and cattle were found. The prevalence of parasites in imported animals was higher (16.67, 17.5, and11.36 % in cattle, sheep, and goats respectively) as compared to that in native ones (5.42, 6.5, and 3.69% in cattle, sheep, and goats respectively). Based on our findings, Hydatidosis was identified as the most prevalent parasitic disease. Imported animals had a higher parasitic infection compared to local animals. It is essential to take necessary measures to prevent the transmission of Hydatidosis and improper organ condemnation from abattoirs. We recommend conducting further research to identify the reasons why imported animals are more likely to become infected than local animals.
{"title":"Parasite Prevalence in Slaughtered Animals in Relation to Host Origin and Host Age","authors":"Ali Al-Ghamdi, K. Morsy, E. Idris, M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1746","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The productivity of livestock production has been greatly impacted by parasitic diseases. The infection prevalence of parasites in native and imported slaughtered animals has not received much attention, despite the fact that Saudi Arabia has data on animal parasites. This study aimed to determine the infection prevalence of parasites in slaughtered animals in relation to host origin and host age. Methods: This investigation was conducted at Al Makhwah area in southwestern Saudi Arabia for six months from September 2021 to February 2022. The examined animals were 1208 in total, including goats (504), sheep (440), and cattle (264). All the animals examined were slaughtered at official abattoirs. The collected parasites were preserved, processed, and identified. Result: Out of 1208 examined, 72 were infected (5.96%). The parasite community consisted of six species, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Fasciola hepatica, F. giagantica, Monezia expansa, Echinococcus granulosus (Hydatiid cyst), and Haemonchus contortus. Hydatidosis was a more prevalent parasitic disease. The infection prevalence of hydatidosis in the examined animals was high in cattle (4.85%) while were 3.76 and 4.77% in goats and sheep respectively. Significant differences in prevalence per host age in goats, sheep, and cattle were found. The prevalence of parasites in imported animals was higher (16.67, 17.5, and11.36 % in cattle, sheep, and goats respectively) as compared to that in native ones (5.42, 6.5, and 3.69% in cattle, sheep, and goats respectively). Based on our findings, Hydatidosis was identified as the most prevalent parasitic disease. Imported animals had a higher parasitic infection compared to local animals. It is essential to take necessary measures to prevent the transmission of Hydatidosis and improper organ condemnation from abattoirs. We recommend conducting further research to identify the reasons why imported animals are more likely to become infected than local animals.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S.K. Mallick, L.K. Babu, D. Karna, B. Panigrahi, K. Behera, S.K. Joshi, R.N. Babu, A. Sahoo
A study was undertaken to assess the type and function of Ganjam goats native to coastal Odisha based on morphometric traits and their indices. Different flooring systems, viz. conventional earthen flooring (CEF), bamboo-slatted flooring (BSF) and plastic-slatted flooring (PSF) were applied for rearing the growing goats in multilocation trials involving 54 kids (~4 months age) of either sex in equal ratio. The goat kids were equally distributed i.e. eighteen in each group (6 animals × 3 locations) and reared on free range system followed by in-house sheltering at night after the browsing hours on these three floor types. The body weight (BW) and morphometric parameters like, body length (BL), withers height (WH), chest girth (CG), paunch girth (PG), rump height (RH) and their indices were assessed fortnightly. Kids reared on all the three floor-types exhibited age-dependent increase in BW and in all the morphometric parameters. There was improved performance (BW, BL, WH, CG) of kids on PSF compared to CEF, while the difference between BSF and PSF was non-significant. The functional indices characterized Ganjam goats as longiline with good proportionality, medium thoracic development, prolific and dual type. The correlation between BW and morphometric parameters exhibited highest for CG followed by WH, RH, BL and PG. The BW of Ganjam goats can suitably be predicted from CG, WH and RH with R2 value 0.914. The importance of morphometric parameters and their indices classify Ganjam goats as a promising dual-purpose breed and impetus to its performance is better achieved with improved shelter management involving plastic-slatted floor in coastal Odisha.
{"title":"Morphometric Traits and Body Indices to Assess the Type and Function of Native Ganjam Goats Reared on Different Flooring Systems in Coastal Odisha","authors":"S.K. Mallick, L.K. Babu, D. Karna, B. Panigrahi, K. Behera, S.K. Joshi, R.N. Babu, A. Sahoo","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5358","url":null,"abstract":"A study was undertaken to assess the type and function of Ganjam goats native to coastal Odisha based on morphometric traits and their indices. Different flooring systems, viz. conventional earthen flooring (CEF), bamboo-slatted flooring (BSF) and plastic-slatted flooring (PSF) were applied for rearing the growing goats in multilocation trials involving 54 kids (~4 months age) of either sex in equal ratio. The goat kids were equally distributed i.e. eighteen in each group (6 animals × 3 locations) and reared on free range system followed by in-house sheltering at night after the browsing hours on these three floor types. The body weight (BW) and morphometric parameters like, body length (BL), withers height (WH), chest girth (CG), paunch girth (PG), rump height (RH) and their indices were assessed fortnightly. Kids reared on all the three floor-types exhibited age-dependent increase in BW and in all the morphometric parameters. There was improved performance (BW, BL, WH, CG) of kids on PSF compared to CEF, while the difference between BSF and PSF was non-significant. The functional indices characterized Ganjam goats as longiline with good proportionality, medium thoracic development, prolific and dual type. The correlation between BW and morphometric parameters exhibited highest for CG followed by WH, RH, BL and PG. The BW of Ganjam goats can suitably be predicted from CG, WH and RH with R2 value 0.914. The importance of morphometric parameters and their indices classify Ganjam goats as a promising dual-purpose breed and impetus to its performance is better achieved with improved shelter management involving plastic-slatted floor in coastal Odisha.","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Paswan, Arun Sudhagar, R. S. S. Lingam, S. Sangavi, Deependra Singh, Rohit Kumar, N. N. Katira
Background: A 60-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of salinity and Ca2+: Mg2+ ratio on the growth performance and survival of Penaeus vannamei reared in inland saline ground water (ISGW) at ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Rohtak Centre, Haryana, India. Methods: The study used three different salinities viz. T1 (5 ppt), T2 (10 ppt) and T3 (15 ppt) with four different level of Ca2+: Mg2+ rations such as 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4. juveniles of P. vannamei with average body weight of 3.70±0.02 g, were stocked in 100 L capacity of circular plastic tanks. Total 36 experimental tanks were used as experimental unit. The stocking densities were 20 animals in each tank and each treatment were kept in triplicate followed the factorial design (3×4). Result: P. vannamei expressed better growth performance in terms of SGR, FCR, FER and PER in the T2 and T3 fortified Ca2+: Mg2+ ratio of 1:3. Lowest growth observed in T1 fortified with Ca2+: Mg2+ ratio 1:1. The study found 100% survival in T2 and T3 fortified with Ca2+: Mg2+ ratio of 1:3 compared with other treatment groups, which showed less than 80% survival. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the better growth performance, survival of P. vannamei observed in 10 and 15 ppt salinities of ISGW fortified with 1:3 ratio of Ca2+: Mg2+.
{"title":"Effects of Salinity and Ca2+: Mg2+ Ratio on Growth Performance and Survival of Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) Reared in Inland Saline Ground Water","authors":"V. Paswan, Arun Sudhagar, R. S. S. Lingam, S. Sangavi, Deependra Singh, Rohit Kumar, N. N. Katira","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5304","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A 60-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of salinity and Ca2+: Mg2+ ratio on the growth performance and survival of Penaeus vannamei reared in inland saline ground water (ISGW) at ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Rohtak Centre, Haryana, India. Methods: The study used three different salinities viz. T1 (5 ppt), T2 (10 ppt) and T3 (15 ppt) with four different level of Ca2+: Mg2+ rations such as 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4. juveniles of P. vannamei with average body weight of 3.70±0.02 g, were stocked in 100 L capacity of circular plastic tanks. Total 36 experimental tanks were used as experimental unit. The stocking densities were 20 animals in each tank and each treatment were kept in triplicate followed the factorial design (3×4). Result: P. vannamei expressed better growth performance in terms of SGR, FCR, FER and PER in the T2 and T3 fortified Ca2+: Mg2+ ratio of 1:3. Lowest growth observed in T1 fortified with Ca2+: Mg2+ ratio 1:1. The study found 100% survival in T2 and T3 fortified with Ca2+: Mg2+ ratio of 1:3 compared with other treatment groups, which showed less than 80% survival. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the better growth performance, survival of P. vannamei observed in 10 and 15 ppt salinities of ISGW fortified with 1:3 ratio of Ca2+: Mg2+.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao-Fei Jiang, Wan-Ying Pan, Shu-Xue Teng, Jian-Feng Cao
Background: In order to alleviate the transport stress reaction of animals, three kinds of chinese herbs with sedative and tranquilizing properties were extracted with ethanol and proportionally composed into a chinese herbal compound prescription. In addition, isorhynchophylline in leaves of Uncaria rhynchophylla was isolated and purified for use. Methods: The enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the changes in serum stress indicators and hormone levels, three classification blood cell counter and automatic biochemistry analyser was used to measure blood indicators and other biochemical indicators of each group mice before and after transport stress. Result: The results showed that the blood physiological indexes such as blood glucose (GLU) level, biochemical indexes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and hormone levels such as adrocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and other stress indexes were significantly higher in mice after transport than before. The compound agents and isorhynchophylline played a role in regulating the stress indices of mice after the simulating transport processs and have the effect of significantly alleviating the transport stress response in mice, with a view to provide reference for alleviating the adverse effects of transport stress on the animal husbandry industry.
{"title":"Effects of an Chinese Herbal Compound Prescription on Simulated Transport Stress in Mice","authors":"Xiao-Fei Jiang, Wan-Ying Pan, Shu-Xue Teng, Jian-Feng Cao","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1794","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In order to alleviate the transport stress reaction of animals, three kinds of chinese herbs with sedative and tranquilizing properties were extracted with ethanol and proportionally composed into a chinese herbal compound prescription. In addition, isorhynchophylline in leaves of Uncaria rhynchophylla was isolated and purified for use. Methods: The enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the changes in serum stress indicators and hormone levels, three classification blood cell counter and automatic biochemistry analyser was used to measure blood indicators and other biochemical indicators of each group mice before and after transport stress. Result: The results showed that the blood physiological indexes such as blood glucose (GLU) level, biochemical indexes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and hormone levels such as adrocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and other stress indexes were significantly higher in mice after transport than before. The compound agents and isorhynchophylline played a role in regulating the stress indices of mice after the simulating transport processs and have the effect of significantly alleviating the transport stress response in mice, with a view to provide reference for alleviating the adverse effects of transport stress on the animal husbandry industry.","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Mohanambal, D. Sumathi, R. Ravi, S. Sivaraman, K.K. Ponnu Swamy, M. Elavarasan, P. Preethi
Concurrent acute pancreatitis and acute kidney injury represent significant pathological conditions in dogs, presenting challenges in diagnosis and management. In human medicine this is interconnected and complex co morbid condition. Renal impairment consequently leads to fluid and electrolyte imbalance, in turn causes metabolic disturbances that may predispose to pancreatitis in dogs. Identification of underlying etiology and predisposing factors prevents further recurrence in affected individuals. The critical interplay between AP and AKI needs comprehensive management procedure. This article poses a case study of an eight-year-old Dalmatian cross dog presenting with severe respiratory distress, jaundice and gastrointestinal symptoms. Laboratory findings revealed elevated markers of pancreas, liver and kidney injury. Prompt intervention with fluid therapy, antibiotics and supportive care led to significant clinical improvement. Subsequent re-evaluation demonstrated resolution of pancreatic inflammation and restoration of renal function. This case underscores the importance of early recognition, aggressive intervention and comprehensive management in achieving successful outcomes in dogs with concurrent pancreatitis and acute kidney injury in dogs.
并发急性胰腺炎和急性肾损伤是狗的重要病理状况，给诊断和管理带来了挑战。在人类医学中，这是一种相互关联的复杂并发症。肾功能损伤会导致体液和电解质失衡，进而引起新陈代谢紊乱，容易引发犬胰腺炎。找出潜在的病因和诱发因素可防止患者再次复发。胰腺炎和 AKI 之间的重要相互作用需要全面的管理程序。本文提供了一个病例研究，一只 8 岁的达尔马提亚杂交犬出现了严重的呼吸困难、黄疸和胃肠道症状。实验室检查结果显示，胰腺、肝脏和肾脏损伤指标升高。及时采取输液治疗、抗生素和支持性护理措施后，临床症状明显好转。随后的再评估显示，胰腺炎症已消除，肾功能也已恢复。本病例强调了早期识别、积极干预和综合治疗对并发胰腺炎和急性肾损伤的犬取得成功结果的重要性。
{"title":"Management of Acute Pancreatitis and Kidney Injury in a Dog","authors":"K. Mohanambal, D. Sumathi, R. Ravi, S. Sivaraman, K.K. Ponnu Swamy, M. Elavarasan, P. Preethi","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5367","url":null,"abstract":"Concurrent acute pancreatitis and acute kidney injury represent significant pathological conditions in dogs, presenting challenges in diagnosis and management. In human medicine this is interconnected and complex co morbid condition. Renal impairment consequently leads to fluid and electrolyte imbalance, in turn causes metabolic disturbances that may predispose to pancreatitis in dogs. Identification of underlying etiology and predisposing factors prevents further recurrence in affected individuals. The critical interplay between AP and AKI needs comprehensive management procedure. This article poses a case study of an eight-year-old Dalmatian cross dog presenting with severe respiratory distress, jaundice and gastrointestinal symptoms. Laboratory findings revealed elevated markers of pancreas, liver and kidney injury. Prompt intervention with fluid therapy, antibiotics and supportive care led to significant clinical improvement. Subsequent re-evaluation demonstrated resolution of pancreatic inflammation and restoration of renal function. This case underscores the importance of early recognition, aggressive intervention and comprehensive management in achieving successful outcomes in dogs with concurrent pancreatitis and acute kidney injury in dogs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507727,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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