Background: Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder that significantly impacts the quality of life and is associated with various health complications, including high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, anxiety, and depression. Traditional treatments for insomnia often involve pharmacological interventions, but there is growing interest in alternative therapies such as yoga. This study investigates the efficacy of yoga as a therapeutic approach to improving sleep quality in adults with insomnia. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a structured yoga program on sleep quality and sleep latency in adults diagnosed with insomnia. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design conducted at multiple healthcare facilities, including the Physiotherapy Outpatient Department at Holy Family Hospital, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, and District Headquarters Hospital in Rawalpindi. The study duration was four months, involving 54 participants selected through random sampling techniques. Inclusion criteria included adults aged 18 to 65 years diagnosed with insomnia according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Exclusion criteria included severe medical or psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, pregnancy, or recent changes in sleep medication. Participants in the intervention group engaged in a standardized yoga program consisting of gentle yoga postures, controlled breathing techniques, and mindfulness meditation, conducted twice weekly for eight weeks, with each session lasting 60 minutes. The control group received standard care for insomnia. Data collection involved subjective assessments of sleep quality using validated questionnaires and objective measures through polysomnography. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, with independent sample t-tests comparing means between groups and repeated measures ANOVA for within-group analysis. Results: The yoga group showed significant improvements in subjective sleep quality and sleep latency. The mean sleep quality score improved from 2.18 ± 0.66 pre-intervention to 0.92 ± 0.37 post-intervention (p=0.0001), while the control group showed a less marked improvement from 2.37 ± 0.48 to 2.03 ± 0.18 (p=0.0012). Sleep latency in the yoga group decreased from 3.00 ± 0.00 to 1.29 ± 0.40 (p=0.0002), whereas the control group showed a reduction from 2.44 ± 0.49 to 2.11 ± 0.31 (p=0.0013). ANOVA results confirmed the statistical significance of these findings, with an F-value of 69.897 for sleep quality (p=0.0001) and 361.947 for sleep latency (p=0.0002). Conclusion: The findings indicate that a structured yoga program significantly improves sleep quality and reduces sleep latency in adults with insomnia. Yoga appears to be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for managing insomnia, offering a viable alternative to traditional treatments.
{"title":"Yoga Exercises as a Therapeutic Approach for Adults with Insomnia to Promote better Sleep: A Randomized Control Trial","authors":"Onaiza Mumtaz, Muddsar Hameed, Rand Saleem Kashif, Saja Abazeed, Alishba Ali, Aliyah Usman Qureshi, Aliza Akhtar, Fatima Saeed","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.897","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder that significantly impacts the quality of life and is associated with various health complications, including high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, anxiety, and depression. Traditional treatments for insomnia often involve pharmacological interventions, but there is growing interest in alternative therapies such as yoga. This study investigates the efficacy of yoga as a therapeutic approach to improving sleep quality in adults with insomnia.\u0000Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a structured yoga program on sleep quality and sleep latency in adults diagnosed with insomnia.\u0000Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design conducted at multiple healthcare facilities, including the Physiotherapy Outpatient Department at Holy Family Hospital, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, and District Headquarters Hospital in Rawalpindi. The study duration was four months, involving 54 participants selected through random sampling techniques. Inclusion criteria included adults aged 18 to 65 years diagnosed with insomnia according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Exclusion criteria included severe medical or psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, pregnancy, or recent changes in sleep medication. Participants in the intervention group engaged in a standardized yoga program consisting of gentle yoga postures, controlled breathing techniques, and mindfulness meditation, conducted twice weekly for eight weeks, with each session lasting 60 minutes. The control group received standard care for insomnia. Data collection involved subjective assessments of sleep quality using validated questionnaires and objective measures through polysomnography. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, with independent sample t-tests comparing means between groups and repeated measures ANOVA for within-group analysis.\u0000Results: The yoga group showed significant improvements in subjective sleep quality and sleep latency. The mean sleep quality score improved from 2.18 ± 0.66 pre-intervention to 0.92 ± 0.37 post-intervention (p=0.0001), while the control group showed a less marked improvement from 2.37 ± 0.48 to 2.03 ± 0.18 (p=0.0012). Sleep latency in the yoga group decreased from 3.00 ± 0.00 to 1.29 ± 0.40 (p=0.0002), whereas the control group showed a reduction from 2.44 ± 0.49 to 2.11 ± 0.31 (p=0.0013). ANOVA results confirmed the statistical significance of these findings, with an F-value of 69.897 for sleep quality (p=0.0001) and 361.947 for sleep latency (p=0.0002).\u0000Conclusion: The findings indicate that a structured yoga program significantly improves sleep quality and reduces sleep latency in adults with insomnia. Yoga appears to be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for managing insomnia, offering a viable alternative to traditional treatments.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140994741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Acne is a common dermatological condition affecting adolescents, often leading to psychological issues such as low self-esteem and social appearance anxiety. Understanding the impact of acne on quality of life during adolescence is crucial for developing effective interventions. Objective: To explore the relationship between acne, self-esteem, social appearance anxiety, and quality of life among adolescents, and to identify gender differences and significant predictors of quality of life in this population. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed purposive sampling to recruit 327 adolescents aged 12-19 years from various educational institutions in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Participants completed the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI), Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Teenager's Quality of Life Index (T-QoL). Informed consent was obtained directly from participants aged 18 and older, and from guardians for those younger than 18. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing Pearson's correlation, t-tests, and linear regression to assess relationships and predictors. Reliability of the scales was confirmed, and psychometric properties were evaluated. Results: Significant correlations were found between acne and social appearance anxiety (r = 0.523, p < 0.01), acne and self-esteem (r = -0.320, p < 0.01), and acne and quality of life (r = 0.566, p < 0.01). Females reported higher self-esteem (M = 27.46, SD = 4.59) compared to males (M = 26.33, SD = 3.50, t(325) = -2.52, p = 0.01). Social appearance anxiety was the most significant predictor of quality of life (β = 0.61, p < 0.01), followed by self-esteem (β = -0.12, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Acne significantly impacts adolescents' psychological well-being, particularly through increased social appearance anxiety and reduced self-esteem. Gender differences highlight the need for tailored interventions. Addressing social appearance anxiety can improve the quality of life for adolescents with acne.
{"title":"Self-Esteem, Social Appearance Anxiety and Quality of Life among Adolescents with Acne","authors":"Wajeeha Shakir, Mahnoor Tariq, Farheen Khalid, Sahar","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.896","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acne is a common dermatological condition affecting adolescents, often leading to psychological issues such as low self-esteem and social appearance anxiety. Understanding the impact of acne on quality of life during adolescence is crucial for developing effective interventions.\u0000Objective: To explore the relationship between acne, self-esteem, social appearance anxiety, and quality of life among adolescents, and to identify gender differences and significant predictors of quality of life in this population.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study employed purposive sampling to recruit 327 adolescents aged 12-19 years from various educational institutions in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Participants completed the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI), Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Teenager's Quality of Life Index (T-QoL). Informed consent was obtained directly from participants aged 18 and older, and from guardians for those younger than 18. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing Pearson's correlation, t-tests, and linear regression to assess relationships and predictors. Reliability of the scales was confirmed, and psychometric properties were evaluated.\u0000Results: Significant correlations were found between acne and social appearance anxiety (r = 0.523, p < 0.01), acne and self-esteem (r = -0.320, p < 0.01), and acne and quality of life (r = 0.566, p < 0.01). Females reported higher self-esteem (M = 27.46, SD = 4.59) compared to males (M = 26.33, SD = 3.50, t(325) = -2.52, p = 0.01). Social appearance anxiety was the most significant predictor of quality of life (β = 0.61, p < 0.01), followed by self-esteem (β = -0.12, p = 0.01).\u0000Conclusion: Acne significantly impacts adolescents' psychological well-being, particularly through increased social appearance anxiety and reduced self-esteem. Gender differences highlight the need for tailored interventions. Addressing social appearance anxiety can improve the quality of life for adolescents with acne.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140994673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Mustafa Gul, Minahil Asad, M. W. Akhtar, Muhammad Mahmood Alam, Muhammad Shahbaz, Aneeqa Gulzar, Muhammad Burhan
Background: Neck pain is increasingly prevalent among computer users, leading to significant health concerns and impacting daily activities. Understanding the prevalence and associated disabilities of neck pain in this population is crucial for developing effective preventive measures and interventions. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of neck pain and associated disabilities among university students who use computers, and to identify the factors contributing to these conditions. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over six months at Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore. A sample of 144 students from DPT, MBBS, BDS, and Pharm-D programs, aged 20-28 years, was selected. Participants included both males and females who used computers for more than two hours daily and had no history of cervical trauma or underlying medical conditions. Data were collected using the Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board, and informed consent was secured from all participants. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with descriptive statistics summarizing demographic information and inferential statistics examining associations between neck pain and risk factors. Results: The study found that 29.2% of participants reported no pain, 20.8% had very mild pain, 45.8% had moderate pain, and 4.2% experienced severe pain. Weak correlations were observed between neck pain and disabilities, with 33.33% of participants able to care for themselves without pain, 62.50% able to care for themselves with extra pain, and 4.17% finding personal care difficult and slow. Regarding headaches, 16.67% reported no headaches, 20.83% had slight headaches infrequently, and 62.50% experienced moderate headaches frequently. Conclusion: The study concluded that a significant number of university students suffer from neck pain due to prolonged computer use, with most experiencing mild to moderate pain. Preventive measures, including ergonomic interventions and educational initiatives on proper posture and taking breaks, are essential to reduce the incidence of neck pain and improve the quality of life for computer users.
{"title":"Prevalence of Neck Pain and Associated Disabilities among Students who Use Computers","authors":"Muhammad Mustafa Gul, Minahil Asad, M. W. Akhtar, Muhammad Mahmood Alam, Muhammad Shahbaz, Aneeqa Gulzar, Muhammad Burhan","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.847","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neck pain is increasingly prevalent among computer users, leading to significant health concerns and impacting daily activities. Understanding the prevalence and associated disabilities of neck pain in this population is crucial for developing effective preventive measures and interventions.\u0000Objective: To investigate the prevalence of neck pain and associated disabilities among university students who use computers, and to identify the factors contributing to these conditions.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over six months at Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore. A sample of 144 students from DPT, MBBS, BDS, and Pharm-D programs, aged 20-28 years, was selected. Participants included both males and females who used computers for more than two hours daily and had no history of cervical trauma or underlying medical conditions. Data were collected using the Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board, and informed consent was secured from all participants. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with descriptive statistics summarizing demographic information and inferential statistics examining associations between neck pain and risk factors.\u0000Results: The study found that 29.2% of participants reported no pain, 20.8% had very mild pain, 45.8% had moderate pain, and 4.2% experienced severe pain. Weak correlations were observed between neck pain and disabilities, with 33.33% of participants able to care for themselves without pain, 62.50% able to care for themselves with extra pain, and 4.17% finding personal care difficult and slow. Regarding headaches, 16.67% reported no headaches, 20.83% had slight headaches infrequently, and 62.50% experienced moderate headaches frequently.\u0000Conclusion: The study concluded that a significant number of university students suffer from neck pain due to prolonged computer use, with most experiencing mild to moderate pain. Preventive measures, including ergonomic interventions and educational initiatives on proper posture and taking breaks, are essential to reduce the incidence of neck pain and improve the quality of life for computer users.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140994279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Yaqoob Khan, Salman Khan, Sadaqat Ali, Sauda Usmani, N. Wazir, Muhammad Haider Ali
Background: Ramadan, a month of fasting for Muslims, significantly alters daily routines and dietary habits. Understanding how such changes affect diabetic patients, particularly in terms of emergency hospital visits, is crucial for effective healthcare planning and patient safety. Objective: To evaluate the impact of Ramadan fasting on the frequency of emergency room visits by diabetic patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 diabetic patients visiting a tertiary care hospital's ER were monitored over three months: the month before Ramadan, during Ramadan, and the subsequent month. We assessed the frequency and trend of diabetic emergencies among these patients. Results: The participants had a mean age of 45.85±9.19 years, with males comprising 52.5% (105) and females 47.5% (95). Overall, diabetic emergencies accounted for 26% of visits, with 59.6% (31) occurring a month before Ramadan, 23.1% (12) during Ramadan, and 17.3% (9) post-Ramadan, showing a downward trend. Conclusion: Ramadan fasting does not adversely affect diabetic patients, showing no increase in the frequency of emergency visits due to diabetic emergencies, irrespective of diabetes type. This indicates that with proper management, fasting is safe for diabetic patients during Ramadan.
{"title":"Influence of Fasting on Emergency Visits to A Tertiary Care Hospital by Fasting Diabetic Patients in Ramadan","authors":"Mohammad Yaqoob Khan, Salman Khan, Sadaqat Ali, Sauda Usmani, N. Wazir, Muhammad Haider Ali","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.920","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ramadan, a month of fasting for Muslims, significantly alters daily routines and dietary habits. Understanding how such changes affect diabetic patients, particularly in terms of emergency hospital visits, is crucial for effective healthcare planning and patient safety.\u0000Objective: To evaluate the impact of Ramadan fasting on the frequency of emergency room visits by diabetic patients.\u0000Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 diabetic patients visiting a tertiary care hospital's ER were monitored over three months: the month before Ramadan, during Ramadan, and the subsequent month. We assessed the frequency and trend of diabetic emergencies among these patients.\u0000Results: The participants had a mean age of 45.85±9.19 years, with males comprising 52.5% (105) and females 47.5% (95). Overall, diabetic emergencies accounted for 26% of visits, with 59.6% (31) occurring a month before Ramadan, 23.1% (12) during Ramadan, and 17.3% (9) post-Ramadan, showing a downward trend.\u0000Conclusion: Ramadan fasting does not adversely affect diabetic patients, showing no increase in the frequency of emergency visits due to diabetic emergencies, irrespective of diabetes type. This indicates that with proper management, fasting is safe for diabetic patients during Ramadan.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140998966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare but serious neurovascular disorder that can lead to life-threatening complications such as hemorrhage and cerebral edema. This condition presents with a wide array of symptoms due to the formation of blood clots in the cerebral venous sinuses, impairing the drainage of deoxygenated blood and cerebrospinal fluid from the brain. Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical profile and risk factors associated with CVST, enhancing the understanding of its epidemiology and facilitating better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Neurology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 135 participants diagnosed with CVST were enrolled through non-probability consecutive sampling. Participants underwent comprehensive physical and neurological examinations using a structured Clinical Patient Assessment Form. Diagnostic imaging included MRI, MRV, CT, and CT venography, although the principal diagnostic tools were CT and MRV. Data collection focused on demographics, clinical manifestations, and risk factors, with all information analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: The study population predominantly consisted of females (74.8%) with the age group of 31-40 years being the most common (31.1%). Headache was the most frequently reported symptom (90.4%), followed by hemiparesis (53.3%) and seizures (40%). Significant risk factors included postpartum status (50.4%), iron deficiency anemia (25.9%), and genetic prothrombotic conditions (9.6%). Imaging studies revealed that the transverse sinus was the most affected site (74.1%). Conclusion: CVST exhibits a diverse range of clinical presentations and is associated with multiple demographic and physiological risk factors. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent severe outcomes. This study highlights the importance of considering a detailed clinical and risk factor profile in patients presenting with neurological symptoms to aid in timely and accurate diagnosis of CVST.
{"title":"Clinical Profile and Risk Factors of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis","authors":"Huma Khan, Khalid Sher, Khawaja Moiz Ullah Ghouri","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.865","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare but serious neurovascular disorder that can lead to life-threatening complications such as hemorrhage and cerebral edema. This condition presents with a wide array of symptoms due to the formation of blood clots in the cerebral venous sinuses, impairing the drainage of deoxygenated blood and cerebrospinal fluid from the brain.\u0000Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical profile and risk factors associated with CVST, enhancing the understanding of its epidemiology and facilitating better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.\u0000Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Neurology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 135 participants diagnosed with CVST were enrolled through non-probability consecutive sampling. Participants underwent comprehensive physical and neurological examinations using a structured Clinical Patient Assessment Form. Diagnostic imaging included MRI, MRV, CT, and CT venography, although the principal diagnostic tools were CT and MRV. Data collection focused on demographics, clinical manifestations, and risk factors, with all information analyzed using SPSS version 25.\u0000Results: The study population predominantly consisted of females (74.8%) with the age group of 31-40 years being the most common (31.1%). Headache was the most frequently reported symptom (90.4%), followed by hemiparesis (53.3%) and seizures (40%). Significant risk factors included postpartum status (50.4%), iron deficiency anemia (25.9%), and genetic prothrombotic conditions (9.6%). Imaging studies revealed that the transverse sinus was the most affected site (74.1%).\u0000Conclusion: CVST exhibits a diverse range of clinical presentations and is associated with multiple demographic and physiological risk factors. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent severe outcomes. This study highlights the importance of considering a detailed clinical and risk factor profile in patients presenting with neurological symptoms to aid in timely and accurate diagnosis of CVST.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140999841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rashid Ahmad, Fasih Iqbal, Muhammad Akbar Shah, Muhammad Tariq Mehr, Khurshida, Sajid Riaz
Background: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) serves as a pivotal marker for the long-term management of glucose levels in patients with diabetes. Accurate measurement of HbA1c is crucial for effective diabetes management and prevention of associated complications. While High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is widely used, non-HPLC methods have also gained popularity due to their simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Discrepancies in measurement between these methods have been a concern, impacting clinical decisions. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the measurement of HbA1c% using HPLC and non-HPLC methods in a cohort of diabetic patients, evaluating the consistency and reliability of these methodologies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex, MTI, Peshawar from November 2023 to March 2024. A total of 65 diabetic patients aged between 18 and 70 years were enrolled. Participants were excluded if they had conditions known to affect HbA1c measurement. HbA1c levels were measured using both HPLC and non-HPLC methods. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing t-tests to compare the mean HbA1c levels and Bland-Altman analysis to assess agreement between the two methods. Results: The HPLC method showed a mean HbA1c% of 8.2 (SD = 1.4) while the non-HPLC method showed a mean HbA1c% of 7.6 (SD = 1.3). The Bland-Altman analysis indicated that 91.5% of the values fell within the limits of agreement, suggesting substantial agreement between the methods. The mean difference in HbA1c% between methods was 0.6%, with limits of agreement from -0.3 to 1.5. Conclusion: Both HPLC and non-HPLC methods provided reliable HbA1c measurements, with a high degree of agreement. Despite minor discrepancies in mean values, both methodologies are suitable for the clinical monitoring of glycemic control in diabetic patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes and multiple centers are recommended to validate these findings.
{"title":"Comparison of Glycated Hemoglobin (Hba1c%) between High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Non-HPLC Methodology","authors":"Rashid Ahmad, Fasih Iqbal, Muhammad Akbar Shah, Muhammad Tariq Mehr, Khurshida, Sajid Riaz","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.908","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) serves as a pivotal marker for the long-term management of glucose levels in patients with diabetes. Accurate measurement of HbA1c is crucial for effective diabetes management and prevention of associated complications. While High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is widely used, non-HPLC methods have also gained popularity due to their simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Discrepancies in measurement between these methods have been a concern, impacting clinical decisions.\u0000Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the measurement of HbA1c% using HPLC and non-HPLC methods in a cohort of diabetic patients, evaluating the consistency and reliability of these methodologies.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex, MTI, Peshawar from November 2023 to March 2024. A total of 65 diabetic patients aged between 18 and 70 years were enrolled. Participants were excluded if they had conditions known to affect HbA1c measurement. HbA1c levels were measured using both HPLC and non-HPLC methods. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing t-tests to compare the mean HbA1c levels and Bland-Altman analysis to assess agreement between the two methods.\u0000Results: The HPLC method showed a mean HbA1c% of 8.2 (SD = 1.4) while the non-HPLC method showed a mean HbA1c% of 7.6 (SD = 1.3). The Bland-Altman analysis indicated that 91.5% of the values fell within the limits of agreement, suggesting substantial agreement between the methods. The mean difference in HbA1c% between methods was 0.6%, with limits of agreement from -0.3 to 1.5.\u0000Conclusion: Both HPLC and non-HPLC methods provided reliable HbA1c measurements, with a high degree of agreement. Despite minor discrepancies in mean values, both methodologies are suitable for the clinical monitoring of glycemic control in diabetic patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes and multiple centers are recommended to validate these findings.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Pressure ulcers are a prevalent issue in healthcare settings, leading to significant morbidity and increased healthcare costs. Nurses play a crucial role in the prevention and management of these conditions, yet gaps in knowledge can affect patient outcomes. The study aimed to assess the knowledge of nurses at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, a setting where pressure ulcer management is critical yet understudied. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the current level of knowledge among nurses regarding pressure ulcer prevention and management, and to identify any significant differences in knowledge across various critical care settings within the hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, involving 125 staff nurses and nursing interns selected via simple random sampling. Participants were required to have at least six months of experience in general wards. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire, assessing knowledge of pressure ulcer management. Ethical approval was obtained from the Shalamar College of Nursing's ethical committee. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 and Microsoft Excel, applying descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Chi-square test, with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results: The study revealed that 68.8% (86/125) of nurses had average knowledge, 29.6% (37/125) demonstrated good knowledge, and only 1.6% (2/125) exhibited poor knowledge regarding pressure ulcer management. Notably, nurses in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) and High Dependency Unit (HDU) displayed the highest levels of knowledge, whereas those in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU), Cardiac Care Unit (CCU), and Emergency Room (ER) had comparatively lower knowledge levels. Conclusion: The majority of nurses at Shalamar Hospital possessed an average level of knowledge concerning pressure ulcer management. There is a critical need for targeted educational interventions to enhance knowledge and practices, particularly in units where nurses showed lower knowledge levels. Improving nurse education in pressure ulcer management could significantly impact the quality of patient care and reduce the prevalence of these injuries.
{"title":"Evaluation of Knowledge among Nurses about Pressure Ulcer in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore","authors":"Mehk Un Nisa, Nasim Rafiq, Amjad Ali, Zainab Rizwan, Farwa Ilyas, Narjis Fatima","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.853","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pressure ulcers are a prevalent issue in healthcare settings, leading to significant morbidity and increased healthcare costs. Nurses play a crucial role in the prevention and management of these conditions, yet gaps in knowledge can affect patient outcomes. The study aimed to assess the knowledge of nurses at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, a setting where pressure ulcer management is critical yet understudied.\u0000Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the current level of knowledge among nurses regarding pressure ulcer prevention and management, and to identify any significant differences in knowledge across various critical care settings within the hospital.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, involving 125 staff nurses and nursing interns selected via simple random sampling. Participants were required to have at least six months of experience in general wards. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire, assessing knowledge of pressure ulcer management. Ethical approval was obtained from the Shalamar College of Nursing's ethical committee. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 and Microsoft Excel, applying descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Chi-square test, with a significance level set at p<0.05.\u0000Results: The study revealed that 68.8% (86/125) of nurses had average knowledge, 29.6% (37/125) demonstrated good knowledge, and only 1.6% (2/125) exhibited poor knowledge regarding pressure ulcer management. Notably, nurses in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) and High Dependency Unit (HDU) displayed the highest levels of knowledge, whereas those in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU), Cardiac Care Unit (CCU), and Emergency Room (ER) had comparatively lower knowledge levels.\u0000Conclusion: The majority of nurses at Shalamar Hospital possessed an average level of knowledge concerning pressure ulcer management. There is a critical need for targeted educational interventions to enhance knowledge and practices, particularly in units where nurses showed lower knowledge levels. Improving nurse education in pressure ulcer management could significantly impact the quality of patient care and reduce the prevalence of these injuries.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140998284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium associated with various gastrointestinal diseases, including peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, and vitamin B12 deficiency. Recent research has highlighted a potential link between chronic H. pylori infection and significant malabsorption of vitamin B12, particularly in populations with high prevalence rates of infection. Objective: This study aims to investigate the frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency among patients with H. pylori gastritis and to explore the association between H. pylori infection and vitamin B12 levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2023 to March 2024 at the Department of Medicine, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. A total of 120 patients presenting with symptoms of gastritis were enrolled after obtaining ethical approval from the hospital’s review board. Exclusion criteria included patients already on vitamin B12 supplementation. Diagnostic testing for H. pylori was performed using stool antigen tests, and vitamin B12 levels were assessed through serum measurements. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23, with the Chi Square test applied to examine the association between H. pylori infection and vitamin B12 deficiency, setting the level of significance at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Out of the 120 patients studied, 49 (40.8%) tested positive for H. pylori. Vitamin B12 deficiency was observed in 35 (29.2%) patients. Among those infected with H. pylori, 51.0% (25 patients) also had vitamin B12 deficiency, compared to 14.1% (10 patients) among those not infected (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The findings indicate a significant association between H. pylori infection and vitamin B12 deficiency. This study suggests that H. pylori is a potential risk factor for vitamin B12 deficiency, underscoring the need for screening and appropriate management of H. pylori in patients presenting with vitamin B12 deficiency.
{"title":"Vitamin B12 Deficiency among Cases of Helicobacter Pylori Gastritis: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"Umar Azam Ali, Waleed Abbasi, Noor ul Huda","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.907","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium associated with various gastrointestinal diseases, including peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, and vitamin B12 deficiency. Recent research has highlighted a potential link between chronic H. pylori infection and significant malabsorption of vitamin B12, particularly in populations with high prevalence rates of infection.\u0000Objective: This study aims to investigate the frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency among patients with H. pylori gastritis and to explore the association between H. pylori infection and vitamin B12 levels.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2023 to March 2024 at the Department of Medicine, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. A total of 120 patients presenting with symptoms of gastritis were enrolled after obtaining ethical approval from the hospital’s review board. Exclusion criteria included patients already on vitamin B12 supplementation. Diagnostic testing for H. pylori was performed using stool antigen tests, and vitamin B12 levels were assessed through serum measurements. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23, with the Chi Square test applied to examine the association between H. pylori infection and vitamin B12 deficiency, setting the level of significance at p ≤ 0.05.\u0000Results: Out of the 120 patients studied, 49 (40.8%) tested positive for H. pylori. Vitamin B12 deficiency was observed in 35 (29.2%) patients. Among those infected with H. pylori, 51.0% (25 patients) also had vitamin B12 deficiency, compared to 14.1% (10 patients) among those not infected (p = 0.0001).\u0000Conclusion: The findings indicate a significant association between H. pylori infection and vitamin B12 deficiency. This study suggests that H. pylori is a potential risk factor for vitamin B12 deficiency, underscoring the need for screening and appropriate management of H. pylori in patients presenting with vitamin B12 deficiency.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141000772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Basit, Ashraf Abdul Qahir, Yusra, Sarfraz Ali Mangi, Muhammad Aslam, Vickee Kumar Mamtani
Background: Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with diabetes significantly exacerbating the incidence and severity of coronary artery disease. Diabetic patients experience altered coronary blood flow dynamics, which can impact the efficacy of therapeutic interventions like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Objective: This study aims to compare the post-PCI Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grades between diabetic and non-diabetic patients to assess the impact of diabetes on the short-term outcomes of coronary revascularization. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases in Karachi, involving 3,000 patients who underwent primary PCI between January 2018 and December 2020. Patients were categorized into diabetic (1,500) and non-diabetic (1,500) groups. Data collected included demographics, coronary artery risk factors, TIMI flow grades before and after PCI, and the use of GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing chi-square tests, t-tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests for comparative analysis, with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The study found significant differences in postoperative TIMI3 flow rates, with non-diabetic patients achieving a higher rate of TIMI3 (59.4%) compared to diabetic patients (58.1%). The use of GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors was higher in diabetic patients (34.7%) than in non-diabetic patients (1.8%). Additionally, diabetic patients showed a higher incidence of multi-vessel disease and more severe lesion profiles, including higher rates of triple branch lesions (45.9% vs. 39.9%) and left main lesions (53% vs. 43.9%). Conclusion: Diabetic patients exhibit worse post-PCI TIMI flow grades and more complex coronary lesions compared to non-diabetic patients, suggesting that diabetes adversely affects the outcomes of coronary revascularization. These findings underscore the need for tailored therapeutic approaches to improve PCI outcomes in diabetic patients.
{"title":"Comparison of Post PCI TIMI Flow Between Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Individuals","authors":"A. Basit, Ashraf Abdul Qahir, Yusra, Sarfraz Ali Mangi, Muhammad Aslam, Vickee Kumar Mamtani","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.890","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with diabetes significantly exacerbating the incidence and severity of coronary artery disease. Diabetic patients experience altered coronary blood flow dynamics, which can impact the efficacy of therapeutic interventions like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).\u0000Objective: This study aims to compare the post-PCI Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grades between diabetic and non-diabetic patients to assess the impact of diabetes on the short-term outcomes of coronary revascularization.\u0000Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases in Karachi, involving 3,000 patients who underwent primary PCI between January 2018 and December 2020. Patients were categorized into diabetic (1,500) and non-diabetic (1,500) groups. Data collected included demographics, coronary artery risk factors, TIMI flow grades before and after PCI, and the use of GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing chi-square tests, t-tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests for comparative analysis, with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant.\u0000Results: The study found significant differences in postoperative TIMI3 flow rates, with non-diabetic patients achieving a higher rate of TIMI3 (59.4%) compared to diabetic patients (58.1%). The use of GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors was higher in diabetic patients (34.7%) than in non-diabetic patients (1.8%). Additionally, diabetic patients showed a higher incidence of multi-vessel disease and more severe lesion profiles, including higher rates of triple branch lesions (45.9% vs. 39.9%) and left main lesions (53% vs. 43.9%).\u0000Conclusion: Diabetic patients exhibit worse post-PCI TIMI flow grades and more complex coronary lesions compared to non-diabetic patients, suggesting that diabetes adversely affects the outcomes of coronary revascularization. These findings underscore the need for tailored therapeutic approaches to improve PCI outcomes in diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140998246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Coronary intervention with stenting is crucial for managing stable ischemic heart disease and acute coronary syndrome, but post-procedural complications such as stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis (ISR) remain significant challenges. Diabetes mellitus has been identified as a key risk factor contributing to the increased incidence of ISR, thereby complicating long-term outcomes for these patients. Objective: This study aimed to compare the incidence of ISR between diabetic and non-diabetic patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable ischemic heart disease, specifically angina class III. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, involving 180 patients who underwent PCI between January and July 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus (90 in each group). ISR was defined using visual angiography as >50% diameter stenosis within the stent or its adjacent 5mm. The demographic and clinical variables collected included age, gender, BMI, smoking status, hypertension, and family history of coronary artery disease. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing Chi-square tests for categorical variables, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean ages of the non-diabetic and diabetic groups were 50.01 ± 8.66 years and 44.26 ± 7.55 years, respectively. The incidence of ISR was significantly higher in the diabetic group (15 out of 90, 16.67%) compared to the non-diabetic group (3 out of 90, 3.33%), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of in-stent restenosis following PCI in patients with stable ischemic heart disease. This highlights the need for targeted strategies to manage and monitor diabetic patients more aggressively post-PCI to reduce the risk of ISR.
{"title":"Frequency of In-Stent Restenosis (ISR) in Diabetic Patients Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) for Stable Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) with Angina Pectoris Class III","authors":"Asad Ullah Khan, F. Akbar, S. Ullah, H. Zeb","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.909","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronary intervention with stenting is crucial for managing stable ischemic heart disease and acute coronary syndrome, but post-procedural complications such as stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis (ISR) remain significant challenges. Diabetes mellitus has been identified as a key risk factor contributing to the increased incidence of ISR, thereby complicating long-term outcomes for these patients.\u0000Objective: This study aimed to compare the incidence of ISR between diabetic and non-diabetic patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable ischemic heart disease, specifically angina class III.\u0000Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, involving 180 patients who underwent PCI between January and July 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus (90 in each group). ISR was defined using visual angiography as >50% diameter stenosis within the stent or its adjacent 5mm. The demographic and clinical variables collected included age, gender, BMI, smoking status, hypertension, and family history of coronary artery disease. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing Chi-square tests for categorical variables, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.\u0000Results: The mean ages of the non-diabetic and diabetic groups were 50.01 ± 8.66 years and 44.26 ± 7.55 years, respectively. The incidence of ISR was significantly higher in the diabetic group (15 out of 90, 16.67%) compared to the non-diabetic group (3 out of 90, 3.33%), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001).\u0000Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of in-stent restenosis following PCI in patients with stable ischemic heart disease. This highlights the need for targeted strategies to manage and monitor diabetic patients more aggressively post-PCI to reduce the risk of ISR.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141000687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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