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Conscious imagination vs. unconscious imagination: a contribution to the discussion with Amy Kind 有意识的想象与无意识的想象:与艾米-金德的讨论稿
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1310701
Agnieszka Jaworska
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引用次数: 0
Public management approaches to an aging workforce: organizational strategies for strategies for adaptability and efficiency 应对劳动力老龄化的公共管理方法:提高适应性和效率的组织战略
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1439271
Zouhengrui Wang, Jishan Fu, Weijun Bai
This study investigates the impact of psychological age climate on the motivation of aged workers in China and explores the mediating mechanisms at play. Two proposed chains of mediation capture the potential mechanisms underlying this process. The first chain involves the task and knowledge characteristics of work design, specifically autonomy arrangements and skill-based job demands, as mediators. The second chain focuses on the social and physical/contextual aspects of work design, including social support and ergonomic working conditions. The study sample consisted of 1,094 Chinese employees aged between 50 and 70 years (M = 55.66, SD = 4.274). Our findings reveal that a positive psychological age climate—organizational norms and practices that value and support older workers—significantly boosts their motivation to continue working. This enhancement in motivation is mediated by increased job autonomy and robust social support within the workplace, confirming that these elements are crucial for translating a positive age climate into tangible outcomes. Contrary to existing literature, our research does not support the mediating role of job design tailored to aged workers’ skills and ergonomic working conditions. This indicates that in the cultural and organizational context of China, where collective values and respect for elder wisdom predominate, autonomy and social support directly influence workers’ motivation more profoundly than ergonomic and job design considerations. The study underscores the importance of creating inclusive organizational cultures and implementing targeted support strategies to retain and engage aged workers effectively. It suggests that public policymakers and organizational leaders should focus on fostering positive psychological age climates and providing necessary autonomy and social resources to meet the unique needs of an aging workforce, thereby enhancing both individual and organizational outcomes in a globally aging society.
本研究调查了心理年龄氛围对中国老年劳动者工作积极性的影响,并探讨了其中的中介机制。提出的两个中介链条捕捉到了这一过程的潜在机制。第一条链涉及工作设计的任务和知识特征,特别是自主安排和基于技能的工作要求。第二个链条侧重于工作设计的社会和物理/环境方面,包括社会支持和符合人体工程学的工作条件。研究样本包括 1,094 名年龄在 50 岁至 70 岁之间的中国员工(M = 55.66,SD = 4.274)。我们的研究结果表明,积极的心理年龄氛围--重视和支持老年员工的组织规范和实践--能显著提高他们继续工作的动力。工作自主性的提高和工作场所中强有力的社会支持对这种积极性的提高起到了中介作用,从而证实了这些因素对于将积极的年龄氛围转化为实际成果至关重要。与现有文献相反,我们的研究并不支持根据老年工作者的技能和人体工程学工作条件量身定制的工作设计所起到的中介作用。这表明,在中国的文化和组织环境中,集体价值观和对长者智慧的尊重占主导地位,自主性和社会支持对工人积极性的直接影响比人体工程学和工作设计方面的考虑更为深刻。这项研究强调了创建包容性组织文化和实施有针对性的支持策略对于有效留住和吸引老年员工的重要性。研究建议,公共政策制定者和组织领导者应注重营造积极的心理年龄氛围,并提供必要的自主权和社会资源,以满足老龄化劳动力的独特需求,从而在全球老龄化社会中提高个人和组织的成果。
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引用次数: 0
The relationship between effort-reward imbalance and quality of working life among medical caregivers: mediating effects of job burnout 医疗护理人员努力-回报失衡与工作生活质量之间的关系:工作倦怠的中介效应
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1375022
Huang Qi, Hongyan Sun, He Song, Zhihang Zhou, Ruiyin Huang, Youjia Ma, Li Xia
To determine the relationship between effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and quality of working life (QWL) among medical caregivers and the mediating role of job burnout.This was a cross-sectional survey. A total of 787 medical caregivers at seven hospitals from Sichuan and Chongqing, China, between May to September 2023 were included in this observational study. The General Information Questionnaire, Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI), Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), and Quality of Working Life Scale (QWL7-32) were used for data collection. SPSS 26.0 and PROCESSv3.3 were used for all data analyses, including descriptive statistics.A total of 820 questionnaires were distributed, of which only 787 were valid (return rate; 95.98%). The QWL score of medical caregivers was 126.94 ± 16.69. However, QWL scores were significantly different depending on age, number of children, family support status, department, years of experience, night shift status, number of night shifts per month, number of hours worked per day, monthly income, and occurrence of errors or adverse events (p < 0.05). Furthermore, job burnout and ERI were negatively correlated with QWL (p < 0.01). Job burnout mediated (95% CI = -0.365, −0.260) the relationship between ERI and QWL, accounting for 58.65% of the total effect.Medical caregivers have a medium level of QWL. Job burnout partially mediates the relationship between ERI and QWL. Medical caregiver managers can improve QWL by directly intervening in occupational stress and indirectly intervening in job burnout.
本研究是一项横断面调查,旨在确定医疗护理人员的努力-回报失衡(ERI)与工作生活质量(QWL)之间的关系,以及工作倦怠的中介作用。本研究是一项横断面调查,共纳入了 2023 年 5 月至 9 月期间中国四川和重庆 7 家医院的 787 名医疗护理人员。数据收集采用了一般信息问卷、努力-回报失衡问卷(ERI)、马斯拉赫职业倦怠调查表(MBI-GS)和工作生活质量量表(QWL7-32)。所有数据分析(包括描述性统计)均使用 SPSS 26.0 和 PROCESSv3.3。共发放了 820 份问卷,其中有效问卷仅为 787 份(回收率为 95.98%)。医疗护理人员的 QWL 得分为 126.94 ± 16.69。然而,QWL 的得分因年龄、子女数量、家庭支持状况、科室、工作年限、夜班状况、每月夜班次数、每天工作时数、月收入以及出错或不良事件发生情况的不同而存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。此外,工作倦怠和 ERI 与 QWL 呈负相关(p < 0.01)。工作倦怠调解了 ERI 与 QWL 之间的关系(95% CI = -0.365,-0.260),占总效应的 58.65%。工作倦怠在一定程度上调节了 ERI 与 QWL 之间的关系。医疗护理人员管理人员可以通过直接干预职业压力和间接干预工作倦怠来提高 QWL。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying the most crucial factors associated with depression based on interpretable machine learning: a case study from CHARLS 基于可解释的机器学习识别与抑郁症相关的最关键因素:CHARLS 案例研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1392240
Rulin Li, Xueyan Wang, Lanjun Luo, Youwei Yuan
Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses among middle-aged and older adults in China. It is of great importance to find the crucial factors that lead to depression and to effectively control and reduce the risk of depression. Currently, there are limited methods available to accurately predict the risk of depression and identify the crucial factors that influence it.We collected data from 25,586 samples from the harmonized China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), and the latest records from 2018 were included in the current cross-sectional analysis. Ninety-three input variables in the survey were considered as potential influential features. Five machine learning (ML) models were utilized, including CatBoost and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Gradient Boosting decision tree (GBDT), Random Forest (RF), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM). The models were compared to the traditional multivariable Linear Regression (LR) model. Simultaneously, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were used to identify key influencing factors at the global level and explain individual heterogeneity through instance-level analysis. To explore how different factors are non-linearly associated with the risk of depression, we employed the Accumulated Local Effects (ALE) approach to analyze the identified critical variables while controlling other covariates.CatBoost outperformed other machine learning models in terms of MAE, MSE, MedAE, and R2metrics. The top three crucial factors identified by the SHAP were r4satlife, r4slfmem, and r4shlta, representing life satisfaction, self-reported memory, and health status levels, respectively.This study demonstrates that the CatBoost model is an appropriate choice for predicting depression among middle-aged and older adults in Harmonized CHARLS. The SHAP and ALE interpretable methods have identified crucial factors and the nonlinear relationship with depression, which require the attention of domain experts.
抑郁症是我国中老年人最常见的精神疾病之一。找到导致抑郁症的关键因素,对有效控制和降低抑郁症风险具有重要意义。目前,准确预测抑郁症风险、找出影响抑郁症的关键因素的方法有限。我们从统一的中国健康与退休纵向研究(CHARLS)中收集了25586个样本的数据,并将2018年的最新记录纳入本次横断面分析。调查中的 93 个输入变量被视为潜在的影响特征。采用了五种机器学习(ML)模型,包括 CatBoost 和 eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)、Gradient Boosting 决策树(GBDT)、Random Forest(RF)、Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LightGBM)。这些模型与传统的多元线性回归(LR)模型进行了比较。同时,还使用了SHAPLEY Additive exPlanations(SHAP)来识别全局层面的关键影响因素,并通过实例层面的分析来解释个体的异质性。为了探索不同因素与抑郁风险的非线性关联,我们采用了累积局部效应(ALE)方法来分析已识别的关键变量,同时控制其他协变量。CatBoost 在 MAE、MSE、MedAE 和 R2 指标方面均优于其他机器学习模型。本研究表明,CatBoost 模型是 Harmonized CHARLS 中预测中老年人抑郁的合适选择。SHAP和ALE可解释方法确定了关键因素以及与抑郁的非线性关系,这需要领域专家的关注。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating autonomy: unraveling the dual influence of job autonomy on workplace well-being in the gig economy 自主性导航:解读工作自主性对 "打工经济 "中工作场所幸福感的双重影响
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1369495
Zhitao Wan, Lei chao Zhang, Li Wang, Fang Zhang
With the rapid rise of the gig economy globally, its characteristics of promoting employment and facilitating autonomy have supported its rapid growth and development in China. While the flexibility of gig work offers more employment options and income sources for workers, it also caused many problems and uncertainties. Workplace well-being is an important psychological factor that indicates the psychological state of workers and significantly predicts their behavior at work. However, previous studies on the gig economy rarely analyze gig workers’ workplace well-being, which is of great significance to improving their individual emotions, promoting their physical and mental health, and maintaining the sustainable development of the gig economy and society in general.This study draws on the cognitive-affective processing system framework to construct a moderated dual-mediator model to explore the dual influence mechanism of job autonomy on gig workers’ workplace well-being. Based on the data of 442 digital gig workers who were mainly engaged in manual labor.The survey results show that job autonomy positively affects employees’ workplace well-being, and work alienation and positive emotion mediate this relationship. Perceived algorithmic control can moderate not only the influence of job autonomy on work alienation and positive emotion but also the indirect impact of job autonomy on workplace well-being through work alienation and positive emotion.The finding of this research contributes to expand the comprehension of the relationship between gig-worker job autonomy and workplace wellbeing and this relationship’s underlying mechanism, holding significant implications for management practice.
随着 "零工经济 "在全球范围内的迅速崛起,其促进就业、便利自主的特点支撑了其在中国的快速成长和发展。灵活的 "零工经济 "在为劳动者提供更多就业选择和收入来源的同时,也带来了诸多问题和不确定性。工作场所幸福感是一个重要的心理因素,它反映了劳动者的心理状态,并能显著预测其工作行为。本研究借鉴认知-情感加工系统框架,构建调节性双中介模型,探讨工作自主性对打工者职场幸福感的双重影响机制。调查结果显示,工作自主性正向影响员工的职场幸福感,而工作疏离感和积极情绪则是这一关系的中介。感知算法控制不仅能缓和工作自主性对工作疏离感和积极情绪的影响,还能通过工作疏离感和积极情绪间接影响工作自主性对职场幸福感的影响。该研究结果有助于拓展人们对千兆工人工作自主性与职场幸福感之间关系及其内在机制的理解,对管理实践具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Physical education, health and education innovation 社论:体育、健康与教育创新
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1458407
David Manzano-Sánchez, Noelia Belando-Pedreño, Jorge Carlos-Vivas, Paulo Jorge Martins, Manuel Gómez-López
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引用次数: 0
Exercise motivation, physical exercise, and mental health among college students: examining the predictive power of five different types of exercise motivation 大学生的锻炼动机、体育锻炼和心理健康:研究五种不同类型锻炼动机的预测能力
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1356999
Jun Li, Lingjie Wang, Ling Pan, Ziao Hu, Ruiqiang Yin, Jia-Fu Liu
The mental health (MH) of college students has long been a crucial concern for families, educational institutions, and society. Extensive research has demonstrated the influential role of exercise motivation in shaping MH. However, further investigation is warranted to ascertain which types of exercise motivation may have more influence on the MH of college students. The present study examined the direct effects of five distinct types of exercise motivation, namely health motivation (HM), appearance motivation (APM), fun motivation (FM), ability motivation (ABM), and social motivation (SM) on MH. Additionally, the study explored the potential mediating role of physical exercise (PE) in these relationships.An cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 433 Chinese college students participated in the study and completed our questionnaires, which included the Exercise motivation scale (EM scale), the Physical exercise scale (PE scale), and the Mental health scale (MH scale).The findings revealed a significant and positive relationship between all five categories of exercise motivation and the MH of college students. Specifically, FM was found to have the most pronounced impact on MH, followed by HM, ABM, SM, and APM, in descending order of influence. Furthermore, the impacts of HM, FM, ABM, and SM on MH were found to be partially mediated by PE. However, the association between APM and MH was entirely mediated by PE.The present study contributes to enhancing the comprehension of the underlying mechanisms behind different exercise motivations in relation to PE and MH. Additionally, it offers practical implications for developing intervention strategies for improving the MH of college students.
长期以来,大学生的心理健康(MH)一直是家庭、教育机构和社会关注的焦点。大量研究表明,运动动机在塑造心理健康方面发挥着重要作用。然而,要确定哪种类型的运动动机对大学生的心理健康影响更大,还需要进一步的研究。本研究探讨了五种不同类型的运动动机,即健康动机(HM)、外表动机(APM)、乐趣动机(FM)、能力动机(ABM)和社交动机(SM)对 MH 的直接影响。此外,研究还探讨了体育锻炼(PE)在这些关系中的潜在中介作用。共有 433 名中国大学生参与了研究并填写了问卷,其中包括运动动机量表(EM 量表)、体育锻炼量表(PE 量表)和心理健康量表(MH 量表)。具体而言,FM 对 MH 的影响最为明显,其次依次为 HM、ABM、SM 和 APM。此外,研究还发现,HM、FM、ABM 和 SM 对 MH 的影响在一定程度上受 PE 的调节。本研究有助于加深人们对不同运动动机背后与运动和心理健康有关的内在机制的理解。此外,本研究还为制定干预策略以改善大学生的心理健康提供了实际意义。
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引用次数: 0
A framework for transformational leadership to enhance teacher’s work performance 提升教师工作绩效的变革型领导力框架
Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1331597
Xia Yu, Guanwei Jang
In the new era of higher education focusing on “double first-class” development, private universities in China face significant opportunities and challenges. The success of these institutions is closely linked to effective leadership, particularly transformational leadership, which is known to inspire and motivate employees toward extraordinary achievements. This study explores the existence and impact of transformational leadership on teachers’ work performance in Chinese private universities. It aims to fill a research gap regarding the role of transformational leadership in a resource-constrained environment and provide practical insights for enhancing teachers’ work performance, thereby contributing to the rapid development of private universities and the realization of “double first-class” goals.This study employed an input-process-output approach, combining qualitative data from face-to-face interviews with 12 leaders at Guangdong University of Science and Technology and quantitative data from an electronic survey of 392 university teachers. Data were analyzed using SPSS26.0, AMOS24.0, and NVIVO14, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, common method bias assessment, and correlation analysis. Structural equation modeling with AMOS24.0 was used to explore the relationship between transformational leadership and teachers’ work performance, evaluating the impact of each transformational leadership dimension.The study findings demonstrated that transformational leadership styles are being employed in Chinese private universities, albeit not extensively, with moderate effects on teachers’ work performance. The research identified organizational vision, intellectual stimulation, and personal recognition as significant drivers of enhanced performance among faculty members. Nevertheless, the study did not confirm the impact of supportive leadership, inspiring communication, and moral modeling within the context of Chinese private universities.The results highlight areas for potential development in leadership practices, including improving teachers’ competencies, motivating teachers, providing good work opportunities and environments, and building good teacher teams.
在高等教育聚焦 "双一流 "建设的新时代,中国民办高校面临着重大机遇和挑战。这些机构的成功与有效的领导力密切相关,尤其是变革型领导力,众所周知,变革型领导力能够鼓舞和激励员工取得非凡成就。本研究探讨了变革型领导力的存在及其对中国民办高校教师工作绩效的影响。本研究采用投入-过程-产出的方法,结合对广东科技学院 12 名领导面对面访谈的定性数据和对 392 名高校教师的电子调查的定量数据。数据分析采用 SPSS26.0、AMOS24.0 和 NVIVO14,包括探索性和确认性因素分析、常用方法偏差评估和相关分析。研究结果表明,变革型领导风格在中国民办高校中得到了应用,尽管应用范围并不广泛,但对教师工作绩效的影响适中。研究发现,组织愿景、智力激励和个人认可是提高教师工作绩效的重要驱动因素。研究结果强调了领导力实践的潜在发展领域,包括提高教师能力、激励教师、提供良好的工作机会和环境以及建立良好的教师团队。
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引用次数: 0
Development of the Chinese coaches’ autonomy-supportive—laissez-faire coaching style scale 开发中国教练自主-支持-自由-自由教练风格量表
Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1412240
Wen Su, Liqin Wang, Yingmin Ding, Daliang Zhao
The autonomy-supportive coaching style is recognized for its positive impact on athletes’ well-being and performance. However, the transition of excessive autonomy into a laissez-faire coaching style has not been thoroughly examined within the context of coach evaluation scales. Existing scales focus predominantly on the positive dimensions of autonomy support, and do not possess the capabilities to measure outcomes which may be viewed as negative or other outcomes. This study aims to integrate the autonomy-supportive and laissez-faire coaching styles within the same measurement framework.Our study developed a comprehensive scale to assess both the autonomy-supportive and laissez-faire coaching styles, drawing on items from the Sport Climate Questionnaire for autonomy support and adapting items from leadership research for laissez-faire coaching. We conducted two studies: the first with 148 athletes to refine the laissez-faire items and the second with 460 athletes to validate the full scale, utilizing exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis. We also measured internal consistency and split-half reliability.The finalized scale includes a 6-item autonomy-supportive subscale and a 5-item laissez-faire subscale. Validation processes confirmed the scale’s construct and criterion validity, alongside its reliability.The Chinese Coaches’ Autonomy-Supportive—Laissez-Faire Coaching Style Scale effectively captures both the beneficial and potentially detrimental aspects of coaching styles, addressing a critical gap in the literature and providing a reliable tool for evaluating coaching approaches.
自主-支持型教练风格因其对运动员的身心健康和成绩的积极影响而得到认可。然而,在教练评价量表中,还没有对过度自主转变为放任自流的教练风格进行深入研究。现有的量表主要侧重于自主支持的积极方面,不具备测量可能被视为消极或其他结果的能力。本研究旨在将自主支持型教练风格和自由放任型教练风格整合到同一测量框架中。我们的研究开发了一个综合量表,可同时评估自主支持型教练风格和自由放任型教练风格,其中自主支持型教练风格借鉴了运动氛围调查问卷中的项目,自由放任型教练风格借鉴了领导力研究中的项目。我们进行了两项研究:第一项是对 148 名运动员进行研究,以完善放任型项目;第二项是对 460 名运动员进行研究,利用探索性因子分析、确认性因子分析和相关性分析来验证完整量表。最终确定的量表包括一个 6 个项目的自主支持子量表和一个 5 个项目的自由放任子量表。中国教练自主-支持-自由放任教练风格量表有效地捕捉了教练风格的有利方面和潜在的不利方面,填补了文献中的一个重要空白,并为评估教练方法提供了一个可靠的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Stakeholders' perspectives on assessment and improvement of quality in early childhood education and care: a world-wide kaleidoscope 社论:利益相关者对评估和提高幼儿教育与保育质量的看法:世界万花筒
Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1448246
Linda Joan Harrison, Antonia Elisabeth Enikoe Baumeister, Hui Li
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引用次数: 0
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