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Impact pathways of personality and psychosocial stress on depression among adult community residents in China: a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis 人格和社会心理压力对中国成年社区居民抑郁的影响途径:模糊集定性比较分析
Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1375698
Xi Yang, Liuruyu Yu, Shengming Zhang, Zhaoguo Wei, Gaoqiang Xie, Jianhong Wang
Depression is a common mental illness with a high prevalence rate and is a significant contributor to the global burden of diseases. Various factors are associated with depression, and its etiology is complex. Instead of focusing on single-factor effects, this study aimed to explore a combination of high-risk factor sets for depression among adult community residents.We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Shenzhen, China, from January 2021 to March 2021. A simple sampling method was used to enroll participants. A total of 1,965 adult residents completed the survey and were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC), and the Psychosocial Stress Survey for Groups (PSSG). The fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method was used to explore the high-risk factor sets for depression among adult community residents.The prevalence of depression among the surveyed adult residents in Shenzhen was 6.36%. The mean scores of PHQ-9 were higher among women and unmarried residents. The combination of low extroversion (e) and high neuroticism (N) in personality traits, along with high scores for life events (V), negative emotional responses to events (G), positive emotional responses to events (O), and positive coping styles to events (I) (denoted as e*N*V*G*O*I) constituted a high-risk factor set for depression. The overall consistency was 0.843, and the overall coverage was 0.330.Our study suggested that stressful life events together with personality traits including neuroticism and introversion serve as crucial factors for depression among adult community residents, regardless of the coping strategies they adopt. This study provides data for developing comprehensive interventions such as regulating neuroticism and introversion levels and reducing stressors to prevent the occurrence of depression among adult community residents.
抑郁症是一种常见的精神疾病,发病率很高,是造成全球疾病负担的一个重要因素。抑郁症与多种因素相关,病因复杂。本研究旨在探讨成年社区居民抑郁症的高危因素组合,而非关注单一因素的影响。我们于 2021 年 1 月至 2021 年 3 月在中国深圳进行了横断面调查,采用简单抽样方法招募参与者。共有1,965名成年居民完成了调查,并使用患者健康问卷-9(PHQ-9)、艾森克人格问卷-修订版中文简表(EPQ-RSC)和群体社会心理压力调查(PSSG)进行了评估。深圳成年居民的抑郁症患病率为 6.36%。深圳成年居民的抑郁症患病率为6.36%,女性和未婚居民的PHQ-9平均得分较高。人格特质中的低外向性(e)和高神经质(N)与生活事件(V)、对事件的消极情绪反应(G)、对事件的积极情绪反应(O)和对事件的积极应对方式(I)的高分(表示为e*N*V*G*O*I)共同构成了抑郁症的高危因素组。我们的研究表明,无论社区成年居民采取何种应对策略,生活压力事件与包括神经质和内向在内的人格特质都是导致他们抑郁的关键因素。本研究为制定综合干预措施提供了数据,如调节神经质和内向水平、减少压力源等,以预防成年社区居民抑郁症的发生。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of social isolation on smartphone addiction among college students: the multiple mediating effects of loneliness and COVID-19 anxiety 社会隔离对大学生智能手机成瘾的影响:孤独感和 COVID-19 焦虑的多重中介效应
Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1391415
Ye Wang, Qianying Ma
The widespread use of smartphones has significantly increased smartphone addiction among college students, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, university campuses in mainland China have strictly followed the Chinese government’s strict quarantine policy, including closed campus management, prohibitions against gatherings, and social distancing, increasing student loneliness and anxiety and thus increasing the risk of smartphone addiction. Extant Studies have revealed that social isolation is a prominent predictor of smartphone addiction but have failed to systematically explore the complex relationship between social isolation and smartphone addiction in the context of COVID-19; therefore, the underlying mechanisms of these factors in the post-pandemic era are unclear.This study is the first attempt to consider loneliness, COVID-19 anxiety and social isolation as a whole and to clarify the underlying mechanisms of social isolation and smartphone addiction by constructing a multiple mediating model.This study included students enrolled at eight higher education institutions in Conghua District (Guangzhou city). Quota proportional sampling was adopted, 900 self-report questionnaires were distributed through the WeChat groups of these universities from December 10 to December 15, 2022, and 868 valid questionnaires (620 females, 248 males) were ultimately obtained.The direct effect of social isolation on smartphone addiction was significant, and loneliness and COVID-19 anxiety mediated the association between social isolation and smartphone addiction in both parallel and sequential ways. Moreover, a reverse mediation model with COVID-19 anxiety as the first mediator and loneliness as the second mediator was found.College students who experience social isolation are at greater risk for smartphone addiction, and the core factor leading to their smartphone addiction is the subjective psychological state triggered by campus isolation and social distancing, such as loneliness and anxiety. These risky behaviors of people should receive extra attention, and psychological factors such as loneliness and COVID-19 anxiety should be considered in future therapies aimed at reducing addiction.
智能手机的广泛使用大大增加了大学生对智能手机的沉迷,尤其是在 COVID-19 大流行期间。自COVID-19疫情爆发以来,中国大陆的大学校园严格遵守中国政府的严格隔离政策,包括封闭式校园管理、禁止集会、拉开社交距离等,增加了学生的孤独感和焦虑感,从而增加了智能手机成瘾的风险。现有研究表明,社会隔离是智能手机成瘾的一个显著预测因素,但却未能系统地探讨COVID-19背景下社会隔离与智能手机成瘾之间的复杂关系,因此,这些因素在后流行病时代的内在机制尚不清楚。本研究首次尝试将孤独感、COVID-19焦虑和社会隔离作为一个整体来考虑,并通过构建多重中介模型来阐明社会隔离和智能手机成瘾的内在机制。社会隔离对智能手机成瘾的直接影响显著,孤独感和COVID-19焦虑以平行和顺序两种方式介导了社会隔离与智能手机成瘾之间的关联。此外,研究还发现了一个以 COVID-19 焦虑为第一中介、孤独为第二中介的反向中介模型。"经历社会隔离的大学生有更大的智能手机成瘾风险,而导致其智能手机成瘾的核心因素是校园隔离和社会疏离引发的主观心理状态,如孤独和焦虑。人们的这些危险行为应受到额外关注,在未来旨在减少成瘾的疗法中应考虑孤独和COVID-19焦虑等心理因素。
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引用次数: 0
Somatosensory Amplification Scale—Chinese version: psychometric properties and its mediating role in the relationship between alexithymia and somatization 躯体感觉放大量表(中文版):心理测量学特性及其在亚历山大症与躯体化关系中的中介作用
Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1392351
Yafei Tan, Xiaoran An, Menglu Cao, Omer Van den Bergh
The Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS) was designed to measure individual’s tendency to experience visceral and somatic sensations as unusually intense, disturbing and alarming. In this study, we aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the SSAS in the Chinese general population, as well as the mediating effect of somatosensory amplification in the relationship between alexithymia and somatization. A total of 386 healthy adults were enrolled in this study. Participants completed the Chinese versions of the Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS-C), the somatization subscale of the Symptom Check List 90 (SCL-90 som), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and the Short form Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI). One hundred and thirty-three participants were randomly selected to complete the SSAS-C again two weeks after the initial assessment. The reliability and validity of the SSAS-C were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the one-factor model achieved adequate model fits; one item was deleted due to low factor loading. The revised SSAS-C showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The SSAS-C scores correlated positively with the scores of SCL-90 som, TAS-20 and the SHAI, showing good convergent validity. In addition, somatosensory amplification mediated the association between alexithymia and somatization. The Chinese version of SSAS has acceptable reliability and validity for the general population. In addition, alexithymia may increase somatization through higher somatosensory amplification.
躯体感觉放大量表(Somatosensory Amplification Scale,SSAS)旨在测量个体将内脏和躯体感觉体验为异常强烈、令人不安和惊恐的倾向。本研究旨在探讨躯体感觉放大量表在中国普通人群中的信度和效度,以及躯体感觉放大在情感障碍与躯体化之间的中介效应。本研究共招募了 386 名健康成年人。受试者完成了中文版躯体感觉放大量表(SSAS-C)、90症状检查表(SCL-90 som)躯体化分量表、多伦多亚历山大症量表(TAS-20)和简表健康焦虑量表(SHAI)。我们随机抽取了 133 名参与者,让他们在初次评估两周后再次完成 SSAS-C。对 SSAS-C 的信度和效度进行了分析。确认性因素分析表明,单因素模型实现了充分的模型拟合;由于因素负荷较低,删除了一个项目。修订后的SSAS-C显示出良好的内部一致性和测试-再测可靠性。SSAS-C得分与SCL-90 som、TAS-20和SHAI得分呈正相关,显示出良好的收敛效度。此外,躯体感觉放大介导了lexithymia与躯体化之间的关联。SSAS中文版在普通人群中具有可接受的信度和效度。此外,反射性躯体化可能会通过较高的躯体感觉放大而增加躯体化。
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引用次数: 0
Raising alarm bells for a struggling sector: taking a new approach to improve the wellbeing of climate change professionals 为苦苦挣扎的部门敲响警钟:采取新方法改善气候变化专业人员的福祉
Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1404252
Katharine Steentjes, Erin Roberts
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引用次数: 0
A study on the relationship and path between mental health and burnout of Chinese athletes 中国运动员心理健康与职业倦怠的关系及路径研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1422207
Yunbo Gao, Lei Wang
This study aims to explore the relationship and influencing pathways between mental health indicators and athlete burnout among Chinese competitive athletes.A cross-sectional study was conducted on 501 elite Chinese athletes from several national and provincial sports teams. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) was used to measure anxiety, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ- 9) was used to measure depression, Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire (APSQ) was used to measure perceived stress, and Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) was used to measure burnout. The results were derived using reliability testing, descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and structural equation modeling.The following results were obtained: (a) the clinical detection rates of anxiety and depression in this sample were within normal levels, but the detection rate of perceived stress (78.64%) was relatively high; (b) all three mental health indicators were significantly correlated with athlete burnout; (c) in our model, there was a direct path with APSQ directly contributing to 69.95% of the variance in athlete burnout, and two indirect paths with APSQ exerting an indirect effect through depression or/and anxiety accounting for 30.05% of the variance.The findings revealed the psychological characteristics of Chinese competitive athletes and the direct and indirect effects of the APSQ on burnout. Future research should actively promote the international development and application of burnout assessment tools, conduct more comprehensive studies on athlete mental health monitoring, and intensify efforts in athlete education, treatment, and support services, as well as strategies for athlete’s coping stress.
本研究旨在探讨中国竞技运动员的心理健康指标与运动员职业倦怠之间的关系及其影响途径。本研究对来自多个国家和省级运动队的501名中国精英运动员进行了横断面研究。研究采用广泛焦虑症量表(GAD-7)测量焦虑,患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)测量抑郁,运动员心理压力问卷(APSQ)测量感知压力,运动员职业倦怠问卷(ABQ)测量职业倦怠。通过信度检验、描述性统计、相关性分析和结构方程建模得出了以下结果:(a) 该样本中焦虑和抑郁的临床检出率在正常水平之内,但感知压力的检出率(78.64%)相对较高;(b) 所有三个心理健康指标都与运动员倦怠有显著相关;(c) 在我们的模型中,APSQ 与 69.研究结果揭示了中国竞技运动员的心理特征以及 APSQ 对运动员职业倦怠的直接和间接影响。未来的研究应积极推动职业倦怠评估工具的国际开发和应用,开展更全面的运动员心理健康监测研究,加强运动员教育、治疗和支持服务工作,以及运动员应对压力的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of social support on vision-related quality of life in older adults with dry eye disease: the chain mediating role of illness perception and coping style 社会支持对患有干眼症的老年人视力相关生活质量的影响:疾病认知和应对方式的连锁中介作用
Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1411661
Haoran Pan, Xubin Pan, Danfeng Gu, Xiaobo Wang
This study explored the effects of social support, illness perception, coping style, and vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) in older patients with dry eye disease (DED) using a chain mediation model.A total of 407 patients with DED from a tertiary hospital in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China, between June and December 2023 were selected as participants. A demographic questionnaire, the Social Support Rating Scale, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, and the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning questionnaire-25 were all given to them to complete. IBM SPSS (version 27.0) was used for data analysis, and Model 6 of the PROCESS Macro was used to test the predicted chain mediation model.The positive association between social support and VRQOL demonstrated the mediation role of illness perception and coping style. Social support affected VRQOL via three pathways: illness perception (effect = 0.190), confrontational coping style (effect = 0.103), and a combination of illness perception and confrontational coping style (effect = 0.067), accounted for 23.60%, 12.80%, and 8.32% of the total effect, respectively.Social support in older patients with DED can significantly and positively predict the VRQOL. In addition to the independent mediating effect of illness perception and confrontational coping style, a chain-mediating effect exists between social support and VRQOL. The study serves as a valuable strategy for healthcare professionals to prevent and intervene in VRQOL for older patients with DED in the future.
本研究采用链式中介模型探讨了社会支持、疾病认知、应对方式和视力相关生活质量(VRQOL)对老年干眼症(DED)患者的影响。研究选取了2023年6月至12月期间江苏省无锡市某三级甲等医院的407名DED患者作为研究对象。他们填写了人口统计学问卷、社会支持评定量表、简明疾病感知问卷、医疗应对模式问卷和美国国家眼科研究所视觉功能问卷-25。数据分析使用了 IBM SPSS(27.0 版),并使用 PROCESS 宏模型 6 检验了预测链中介模型。社会支持通过三个途径影响 VRQOL:疾病认知(效应=0.190)、对抗性应对方式(效应=0.103)以及疾病认知和对抗性应对方式的组合(效应=0.067),分别占总效应的 23.60%、12.80% 和 8.32%。除了疾病认知和对抗性应对方式的独立中介效应外,社会支持与 VRQOL 之间还存在连锁中介效应。这项研究为医护人员今后预防和干预老年 DED 患者的 VRQOL 提供了有价值的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of physical activity and self-control on mobile phone addiction in college students: a cross-lagged study in China 体育锻炼和自我控制对大学生手机成瘾的影响:一项在中国进行的交叉滞后研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1417379
Qinghe Wang, Yanke Chen, Lan Li
This study aims to investigate the impact of physical activity and self-control on college students' mobile phone addiction through cross-lagged longitudinal surveys, addressing the limitations of previous cross-sectional studies.A total of 414 college students were tracked three times during a 12-month period using the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS), and the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS). AMOS25.0 software was used to construct the cross-lagged relationship model, and the maximum likelihood approach was employed to investigate the model fitting. The asynchronous correlation between variables was investigated from the time series through the cross-lagged path coefficient.The fitting indexes of the cross-lagged model showed x2/df = 5.098, GFI = 0.977, NFI = 0.969, IFI = 0.975, CFI = 0.974; RMSEA = 0.100, and SRMR = 0.030. The calculation conducted by combining the path coefficient of the model shows that PA and SC are the antecedent variables of MPA, and PA is the antecedent variable of SC. In addition, SC serves as a mediator in the path of PA, affecting MPA.(1) physical activity can positively affect subsequent self-control; (2) physical activity can negatively influence subsequent mobile phone addiction; (3) self-control can negatively affect subsequent mobile phone addiction; and (4) physical activity can indirectly influence subsequent mobile phone addiction through self-control.
本研究旨在针对以往横断面研究的局限性,通过跨滞后纵向调查研究体育锻炼和自控力对大学生手机成瘾的影响。本研究在12个月的时间内,使用体育锻炼评分量表-3(PARS-3)、手机成瘾倾向量表(MPATS)和简明自控力量表(BSCS)对414名大学生进行了三次追踪调查。使用 AMOS25.0 软件构建交叉滞后关系模型,并采用最大似然法研究模型拟合情况。交叉滞后模型的拟合指标为 x2/df = 5.098,GFI = 0.977,NFI = 0.969,IFI = 0.975,CFI = 0.974;RMSEA = 0.100,SRMR = 0.030。结合模型的路径系数计算可知,PA 和 SC 是 MPA 的前因变量,PA 是 SC 的前因变量。此外,SC 在 PA 的路径中起中介作用,影响 MPA。(1)体育锻炼可以正向影响后续的自我控制;(2)体育锻炼可以负向影响后续的手机成瘾;(3)自我控制可以负向影响后续的手机成瘾;(4)体育锻炼可以通过自我控制间接影响后续的手机成瘾。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Economic evaluation in evidence-based criminal justice contexts 社论:循证刑事司法背景下的经济评估
Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1429063
Susan Giles, Siddhartha Bandyopadhyay, Karen Shalev, Matthew Manning
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引用次数: 0
Parenting style and the non-cognitive development of high school student: evidence from rural China 父母教养方式与高中生的非认知发展:来自中国农村的证据
Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1393445
Sangui Wang, Lijuan Zheng
Understanding the relationship between parenting style and the non-cognitive development of high school students is crucial, particularly in rural China. Non-cognitive abilities, including traits such as emotional regulation, resilience, and interpersonal skills, play a significant role in students’ overall development and future success. This study aims to investigate how different parenting styles impact non-cognitive abilities among high school students in rural China.This study surveyed 6,549 high school students and their primary caregivers in rural China. The students had an average age of 17.61 years, with 48% being male, and 62% of Han ethnicity. Primary caregivers self-reported their parenting styles, while the students’ non-cognitive abilities were assessed using the Big Five Inventory-Short (BFI-S). The relationship between parenting style and non-cognitive development was analyzed using two distinct methods: two dimensions (authoritative and authoritarian) and four categories of parenting styles.The study revealed that an authoritative parenting style had a positive impact on the non-cognitive abilities of students. Conversely, a negative association was observed between the authoritarian parenting style and the students’ non-cognitive development. This association was more pronounced in the non-cognitive developmental scores of girls compared to boys. Additionally, parents from wealthier families or those with higher levels of education were more likely to adopt an authoritative parenting style rather than an authoritarian one.The results of this study highlight the significant influence of parenting styles on the non-cognitive development of high school students in rural China. Authoritative parenting, characterized by warmth and structure, appears to foster better non-cognitive outcomes, while authoritarian parenting, marked by strictness and less warmth, is associated with poorer non-cognitive development. The gender differences observed suggest that girls may be more sensitive to variations in parenting style. Furthermore, the socioeconomic and educational background of parents plays a crucial role in determining the parenting style adopted. These findings underscore the importance of developing and implementing parenting training interventions in rural China, aimed at promoting authoritative parenting practices to enhance the non-cognitive development of students.
了解父母教养方式与高中生非认知能力发展之间的关系至关重要,尤其是在中国农村地区。非认知能力,包括情绪调节能力、抗挫折能力和人际交往能力等特质,对学生的全面发展和未来成功起着重要作用。本研究旨在探讨不同的养育方式如何影响中国农村高中生的非认知能力。这些学生的平均年龄为 17.61 岁,男性占 48%,汉族占 62%。主要照顾者自我报告了他们的养育方式,而学生的非认知能力则使用大五量表-简表(BFI-S)进行了评估。研究采用两种不同的方法分析了教养方式与非认知发展之间的关系:两个维度(权威型和专制型)和四个类别的教养方式。相反,专制型教养方式与学生的非认知能力发展之间存在负相关。与男生相比,这种关联在女生的非认知发展得分上更为明显。此外,家庭富裕或受教育程度较高的家长更倾向于权威型教养方式,而不是专制型教养方式。以温暖和结构为特征的权威型教养方式似乎能促进更好的非认知发展,而以严格和较少温暖为特征的专制型教养方式则与较差的非认知发展相关。观察到的性别差异表明,女孩可能对教养方式的变化更为敏感。此外,父母的社会经济和教育背景在决定所采用的教养方式方面也起着至关重要的作用。这些发现强调了在中国农村地区制定和实施父母养育培训干预措施的重要性,这些干预措施旨在推广权威型父母养育方式,以促进学生的非认知发展。
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引用次数: 0
Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the resilience scale for parents of children with cancer 中文版癌症患儿家长抗逆力量表的心理测量学评估
Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1378639
Gaoxiang Zhong, Zhangyi Ding, Xichen Li, Yan Qiao, Xinmiao Zhang, Huixia Cui
Pediatric cancer ranks among the leading causes of mortality in children globally. While serving as primary caregivers, certain parents may experience anxiety, depression, and other related challenges. However, not all parents succumb to such psychological distress. Resilience emerges as a potential protective factor. Assessing parental resilience holds paramount importance for healthcare professionals in identifying issues and offering tailored interventions. Yet, mainland China lacks adequate tools for this assessment. Hence, this study endeavors to translate the Resilience Scale for Parents of Children with Cancer (RSP-CC) into Chinese and scrutinize its psychometric properties.From April 2023 to January 2024, a methodological study was conducted in Chengdu, Chongqing, and Jinzhou, China, recruiting 377 eligible parents via convenience sampling for a multicenter cross-sectional survey. The translation process of the RSP-CC adhered rigorously to the Brislin model, involving forward and back-translation, followed by necessary modifications. Item analysis was assessed using the critical ratio and the item-total correlation coefficient. Validity evaluation encompassed content and internal validity assessments. Scale reliability was determined through Cronbach’s α coefficient, retest reliability, and split-half reliability coefficients.The Chinese version of the RSP-CC comprises 4 dimensions and 24 items, explaining a cumulative variance contribution of 63.58%. In this investigation, the content validity index attained a score of 0.97. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) yielded four factors consistent with the original scale, while confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated satisfactory fit indices. Both Cronbach’s α coefficient and retest reliability stood at 0.95, with a split-half reliability coefficient of 0.82.After rigorous translation and verification, the RSP-CC was adapted in China, demonstrating favorable psychometric characteristics. It stands as an effective instrument for parents of children diagnosed with cancer in China. Additionally, this scale could serve as a crucial tool for clinical staff in formulating specific interventions.
小儿癌症是全球儿童死亡的主要原因之一。作为主要照顾者,某些父母可能会经历焦虑、抑郁和其他相关挑战。然而,并非所有的父母都会受到这种心理困扰。抗逆力是一个潜在的保护因素。评估父母的抗逆力对于医护人员发现问题并提供有针对性的干预措施至关重要。然而,中国大陆缺乏适当的评估工具。因此,本研究致力于将《癌症患儿家长抗逆力量表》(RSP-CC)翻译成中文,并仔细研究其心理测量学特性。RSP-CC 的翻译过程严格遵守布里斯林模式,包括正译和反译,然后进行必要的修改。项目分析采用临界比率和项目-总相关系数进行评估。效度评估包括内容效度和内部效度评估。RSP-CC 中文版包括 4 个维度和 24 个项目,累计方差贡献率为 63.58%。本次调查的内容效度指数为 0.97。探索性因子分析(EFA)得出了四个与原量表一致的因子,而确认性因子分析(CFA)则显示了令人满意的拟合指数。经过严格的翻译和验证,RSP-CC 在中国进行了改编,显示出良好的心理测量学特征。经过严格的翻译和验证,RSP-CC 在中国的应用显示出良好的心理测量学特征,可作为中国癌症患儿家长的有效工具。此外,该量表还可作为临床医务人员制定具体干预措施的重要工具。
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