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Editorial: Domestication and evolution in dogs: current issues and questions that remain 社论:狗的驯化和进化:当前的问题和有待解决的问题
Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1455973
Katherine E. Bruce, David A. Leavens, Sarah T. Boysen
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引用次数: 0
Multitasking while studying – grit moderates the relationship of situational motivation and multitasking 学习时的多任务处理--勇气调节情境动机与多任务处理之间的关系
Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1404767
Olga Bachmann, C. Grunschel, Stefan Fries
Multitasking during studying is frequent among students. In this experience sampling study we examine if multitasking during studying can be explained by situational study motivation and the personality trait grit; and if grit moderates the relationship of situational motivation and multitasking. Eighty-eight students participated. All participants planned to write an important exam within the upcoming 2 weeks. Situational motivation was conceptualized along the lines of self-determination theory, differentiating between autonomous and controlled motivation. Also, we assessed students’ grit. Hypotheses were tested using multilevel modeling in MPlus. As predicted, students multitasked less when situational study motivation was autonomous (vs. controlled). Contrary to predictions, we did not find a significant main effect of grit on multitasking. However, the interaction effect was significant, indicating that in situations with relatively controlled study motivation grittier students are more likely to refrain from multitasking than their less gritty peers.
学生在学习过程中经常会同时处理多项任务。在这项经验取样研究中,我们探讨了学习过程中的多任务处理是否可以用情境学习动机和人格特质 "勇气 "来解释,以及 "勇气 "是否可以调节情境学习动机和多任务处理之间的关系。88名学生参加了此次研究。所有参与者都计划在未来两周内参加一次重要考试。我们根据自我决定理论对情境动机进行了概念化,区分了自主动机和受控动机。此外,我们还对学生的勇气进行了评估。我们使用 MPlus 中的多层次建模对假设进行了检验。正如预测的那样,当情境学习动机是自主型(与受控型)时,学生的多任务处理量较少。与预测相反,我们没有发现勇气对多任务处理有显著的主效应。但是,交互效应是显著的,这表明在学习动机相对受控的情况下,比起不那么坚强的同龄人,更坚强的学生更有可能避免多任务处理。
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引用次数: 0
Mothers with a history of trauma and their children: a systematic review of treatment interventions 有创伤史的母亲及其子女:治疗干预措施的系统性审查
Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1293005
Elisa van Ee, Eline M. Meuleman
Mothers with a history of trauma frequently face significant challenges in their relationships with their children. Therefore, it is crucial for trauma-exposed mothers and their young children to receive adequate trauma-informed treatment. This review aimed to examine the effects of trauma-informed interventions on improving the mother–child relationship among mothers with a history of trauma and their young children under 6 years old.The study analyzed 15 articles that met the eligibility criteria, encompassing a sample size of 1,321 mothers. The systematic GRADE approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence in this systematic review.The study found that while some interventions demonstrated small to large effects, the quality of evidence was only moderate. The most promising interventions were Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), Child–Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), and Maternal Empowerment Program (MEP), which all included elements of psychotherapy, psychoeducation, and skills training.The study underscores the importance of understanding the needs of mother–child dyads affected by trauma and tailoring interventions to meet those needs. Overall, the literature suggests that interventions combining psychotherapeutic, psychoeducational, and skills-training components are most effective in improving mother and child-related outcomes for mothers with a history of trauma and their young children. The review provides recommendations for future research and emphasizes the importance of considering the mother–child relationship in trauma-informed interventions.
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引用次数: 0
Animated VR and 360-degree VR to assess and train team sports decision-making: a scoping review 评估和训练团队运动决策的虚拟现实和 360 度虚拟现实动画:范围审查
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1410132
Yaxiang Jia, Xuan Zhou, Jing Yang, Quan Fu
In team sports, athletes’ ability to make quick decisions plays a crucial role. Decision-making proficiency relies on the intricate balance of athletes’ perceptual and cognitive abilities, enabling them to assess the competitive environment swiftly and select the most appropriate actions from various options. Virtual reality (VR) technology is emerging as a valuable tool for evaluating and refining athletes’ decision-making skills. This study systematically examined the integration of VR technology into decision-making processes in team sports, aiming to identify more effective methods for presenting and interacting with virtual decision-making systems, thus enhancing the evaluation and refinement of athletes’ decision making abilities.Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a thorough search of respected research databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, and IEEE, was conducted using carefully selected keywords.Twenty research papers meeting predefined inclusion criteria were included after careful evaluation. These papers were systematically analyzed to delineate the attributes of virtual decision-making task environments, the interactive dynamics inherent in motor decision-making tasks, and the significant findingsThis review indicate that (1) the effectiveness of VR technology in assessing and improving athletes’ decision-making skills in team sports; (2) the construction of virtual environments using the Head-Mounted Display (HMD) system, characterized by enhanced ease and efficiency; (3) the potential for future investigations to explore computer simulations to create more expansive virtual motion scenarios, thus efficiently generating substantial task scenario material, diverging from the constraints posed by 360-degree panoramic videos; and (4) the integration of motion capture technology for identifying and monitoring athletes’ decision-making behaviors, which not only enhances ecological validity but also augments the transfer validity of virtual sports decision-making systems. Future research endeavors could explore integrating eye-tracking technology with virtual reality to gain insights into the intrinsic cognitive-action associations exhibited by athletes.
在团队运动中,运动员的快速决策能力起着至关重要的作用。决策能力依赖于运动员感知能力和认知能力之间错综复杂的平衡,使他们能够迅速评估竞争环境,并从各种选项中选择最合适的行动。虚拟现实(VR)技术正在成为评估和完善运动员决策技能的重要工具。本研究系统地考察了将 VR 技术整合到团队运动决策过程中的情况,旨在找出更有效的方法来呈现虚拟决策系统并与之互动,从而加强对运动员决策能力的评估和完善。按照系统综述和荟萃分析(PRISMA)指南的首选报告项目,本研究使用精心挑选的关键词对权威研究数据库(包括 Web of Science、PubMed、SPORTDiscus、ScienceDirect、PsycINFO 和 IEEE)进行了全面检索。本综述指出:(1) 虚拟现实技术在团队运动中评估和提高运动员决策技能方面的有效性;(2) 使用头戴式显示器(HMD)系统构建虚拟环境的特点是更加简便和高效;(3) 未来的研究有可能探索通过计算机模拟来创建更广阔的虚拟运动场景,从而有效地生成大量的任务场景素材,摆脱 360 度全景视频所带来的限制;以及 (4) 整合运动捕捉技术来识别和监测运动员的决策行为,这不仅能提高生态效度,还能增强虚拟运动决策系统的迁移效度。未来的研究工作可以探索将眼动跟踪技术与虚拟现实技术相结合,以深入了解运动员表现出的内在认知-行动关联。
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引用次数: 0
The psychological impact of diagnosis of sinonasal, nasopharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers: a systematic review 鼻窦癌、鼻咽癌和喉癌诊断的心理影响:系统性综述
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1355186
M. Bonafede, Angelo d'Errico, S. Rugarli, C. Mensi, Lucia Miligi, Roberto Calisti, Rosa della Gatta, S. Piro, Paola Melis, Donatella Vasselli, A. Binazzi
High risk of degraded quality of life and psychological distress is observed in patients diagnosed with sinonasal, nasopharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers, which could be caused by exposure to carcinogens in workplaces. This review aimed to investigate the psychological impact of diagnosis associated with the possible occupational etiology of such neoplasms and to explore the instruments that evaluate the quality of life (QoL), anxiety, and depression in these patients.Studies were considered for the review only if they described aspects of the psychological impact of the diagnosis of sinonasal, nasopharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers and reported results distinguished by the tumor site. The psychological impact was assessed in terms of health-related QoL, anxiety, and depression using reliable psychometric questionnaires administered at the time of diagnosis and 1 year later.In more than 5,900 records identified, 442 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and 436 were excluded after full-text screening, resulting in six studies to be finally included in the review. The EORTC Core Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), EORTC QLQ-H&N35, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) were used to evaluate the QoL, whereas the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaires were employed to assess anxiety and depression. QoL scores were similar to those of the general population at the time of diagnosis and remained unchanged or slightly improved at 1 year since diagnosis. In contrast, a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression was observed compared with the general population, although the results were inconsistent across the very few studies identified. No study investigating the association between the potential occupational etiology and QoL or distress was found.Exploring the existing scientific literature on emotional distress in sinonasal, nasopharyngeal, and laryngeal cancer patients was prompted by concerns over the disfiguring nature of treatment and the additional emotional burden resulting from their occupational etiology. Unfortunately, neither a crucial element nor other risk factors (lifestyle, smoking, drinking, etc.) were examined in any study. Patients' employment history should be considered in order to assess the possible impact of believing they are affected by an occupational exposure disease in the evaluation of their psychological distress. This history would support evidence-based recommendations about dedicated psychological interventions.
鼻窦癌、鼻咽癌和喉癌患者的生活质量下降和心理困扰的风险很高,这可能是由于工作场所接触致癌物质所致。本综述旨在调查与此类肿瘤可能的职业病因有关的诊断对患者心理的影响,并探讨评估这些患者的生活质量(QoL)、焦虑和抑郁的工具。只有描述了鼻窦癌、鼻咽癌和喉癌诊断对患者心理影响的各个方面并报告了按肿瘤部位区分的结果的研究,才会被考虑纳入综述。心理影响是通过在确诊时和一年后使用可靠的心理测量问卷对健康相关的生活质量、焦虑和抑郁进行评估。在已确定的 5900 多份记录中,有 442 项研究符合资格标准,436 项在全文筛选后被排除,最终有 6 项研究被纳入综述。研究采用了EORTC核心生活质量问卷(EORTC QLQ-C30)、EORTC QLQ-H&N35和癌症治疗功能评估(FACT)来评估QoL,并采用了医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)和流行病学研究中心抑郁量表(CES-D)问卷来评估焦虑和抑郁。确诊时,患者的 QoL 评分与普通人群相似,确诊 1 年后,QoL 评分保持不变或略有提高。相比之下,焦虑症和抑郁症的发病率高于普通人群,但在为数不多的几项研究中,结果并不一致。对鼻窦癌、鼻咽癌和喉癌患者情绪困扰的现有科学文献进行探索,是出于对治疗的毁容性及其职业病因造成的额外情绪负担的担忧。遗憾的是,这项研究既没有考虑关键因素,也没有考虑其他风险因素(生活方式、吸烟、饮酒等)。在评估患者的心理困扰时,应考虑患者的就业史,以评估认为自己受到职业暴露疾病影响可能产生的影响。这种病史将为有关专门的心理干预措施的循证建议提供支持。
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引用次数: 0
Indicators of verbal creative thinking: results of a Delphi panel 口头创造性思维指标:德尔菲小组讨论结果
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1397861
Olivia López Martínez, Antonio José Lorca Garrido, María Isabel de Vicente-Yagüe Jara
Creativity is a fundamental competence that manifests itself in various domains of knowledge, including verbal creativity. The main aim of this study was to identify indicators of verbal creativity for the assessment of three writing tasks.Sixteen multidisciplinary and international creativity experts participated in a two-stage Delphi panel. The administered questionnaire asked about the measurement or non-measurement of eight indicators of verbal creative thinking in three tasks: problem posing, creative idea generation, and idea improvement. Originality is the most important indicator of creativity. The indicators identified in the first task were fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, and sensitivity to problems. The second task measures flexibility, originality, elaboration, opacity, and dynamic integration. In the third task, fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, dynamic integration, and refinement of ideas are considered.The results of this study are key to progress in the field of measuring verbal creative thinking.The identification of indicators of the construct called verbal creativity allows the determination of its components in order to be able to estimate the creative potential in this specific domain.
创造力是一种基本能力,体现在各个知识领域,包括语言创造力。本研究的主要目的是确定用于评估三项写作任务的语言创造力指标。16 位跨学科的国际创造力专家参加了分两个阶段进行的德尔菲小组讨论。16位跨学科的国际创造力专家参加了分两个阶段进行的德尔菲小组讨论。所发放的调查问卷询问了在提出问题、产生创意和改进创意这三个任务中对口头创造性思维的八项指标进行测量或不进行测量的情况。独创性是最重要的创造性指标。第一项任务确定的指标是流畅性、灵活性、独创性、阐述性和对问题的敏感性。第二项任务衡量的是灵活性、独创性、详尽性、不透明性和动态整合性。这项研究的结果是测量语言创造性思维领域取得进展的关键。通过确定语言创造性这一概念的指标,可以确定其组成部分,从而能够估计这一特定领域的创造潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Eliciting guilt in virtual reality games: interplay of self-attribution, presence, and morality 在虚拟现实游戏中激发内疚感:自我归因、临场感和道德感的相互作用
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1416258
Changhyun Ahn, Ghee Young Noh
This study investigates the psychological mechanisms in virtual reality (VR) games, focusing on the interplay between character morality, self-attribution, presence, guilt, and their collective impact on player enjoyment. Based on Affective Disposition Theory, it hypothesizes that players’ moral judgments of characters significantly affect their engagement and enjoyment of VR narratives.A post-test between-subjects experiment was conducted with 97 participants to examine the influence of character morality on guilt through the mediation of self-attribution, and how these factors affect players’ sense of presence and overall enjoyment in VR games.The findings indicate that self-attribution significantly mediates the relationship between character morality and guilt. Additionally, the sense of presence enhances enjoyment, with a stronger sense of ‘being there’ amplifying the emotional impact of players’ moral decisions.This study highlights the full mediating effect of self-attribution in the context of VR gaming, intensifying players’ emotional responses to moral dilemmas. The results suggest that VR game designers should consider the moral implications of game narratives and character actions to create more emotionally engaging and ethically reflective gaming experiences. These insights have significant implications for VR game design and ethics, promoting greater ethical sensitivity among players.
本研究调查了虚拟现实(VR)游戏中的心理机制,重点关注角色道德、自我归因、存在感、负罪感之间的相互作用,以及它们对玩家乐趣的集体影响。本研究以情感倾向理论为基础,假设玩家对角色的道德判断会显著影响他们对 VR 叙事的参与和享受。研究人员对 97 名参与者进行了主体间实验,以考察角色道德通过自我归因的中介作用对内疚感的影响,以及这些因素如何影响玩家在 VR 游戏中的临场感和整体享受。这项研究强调了自我归因在 VR 游戏中的全面中介作用,它强化了玩家对道德困境的情感反应。研究结果表明,VR 游戏设计者应考虑游戏叙事和角色行为的道德影响,从而创造出更具情感吸引力和道德反思性的游戏体验。这些见解对 VR 游戏设计和道德规范具有重要意义,可提高玩家的道德敏感度。
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引用次数: 0
The positive impact of identity-affirming mental health treatment for neurodivergent individuals 确认身份的心理健康治疗对神经变异者的积极影响
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1403129
Elizabeth Kroll, Megan Lederman, Jonathan Kohlmeier, Komal Kumar, Jaime Ballard, Izabella Zant, Caroline Fenkel
The medical and social definitions of neurodivergence have become a common topic of discussion in recent years, and the ways that we define, measure and report on conditions within the neurodivergent umbrella are changing. The objective of this study was to analyze differences in mental health symptom presentation at intake and compare treatment outcomes among three groups: clients with an affirming neurodivergent diagnosis, clients without an affirming diagnosis, and neurotypical clients.Data were collected at intake and discharge. Clients self-reported neurodivergent identity, neurodivergent diagnoses, as well as the severity of depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms and self-harm frequency. One-way multivariate analysis of variance tests were run to assess differences in mental health symptoms at intake and discharge based on neurodivergent identity and corresponding diagnosis. When MANOVAs indicated significant differences, follow-up univariate one-way ANOVAs were conducted for each dependent variable.Neurodivergent clients reported significantly worse mental health symptoms at intake than neurotypical clients, regardless of diagnosis status. Additionally, clients who identified as neurodivergent but did not report an affirming medical diagnosis reported significantly worse mental health symptoms than those who did report an affirming medical diagnosis. By discharge from IOP treatment, no significant differences were found in symptom change scores between neurodivergent and neurotypical individuals, or neurodivergent individuals with an affirming diagnosis and those without.These findings highlight the importance of acknowledging client identity as a key component of mental health treatment. The act of validating symptoms and experiences, allowing accommodations when requested, and exploring identity formation regardless of diagnosis, allowed all clients who identified as neurodivergent to benefit from treatment.
近年来,神经变异的医学和社会定义已成为一个常见的讨论话题,我们定义、测量和报告神经变异情况的方式也在不断变化。本研究的目的是分析入院时精神健康症状表现的差异,并比较三组患者的治疗结果:有肯定神经多态性诊断的患者、无肯定诊断的患者和神经典型患者。在入院和出院时收集数据,客户自我报告神经异质性身份、神经异质性诊断,以及抑郁症状、焦虑症状和自残频率的严重程度。我们进行了单向多变量方差分析测试,以评估入院和出院时心理健康症状在神经异质性身份和相应诊断基础上的差异。当多变量方差分析结果显示存在显著差异时,我们又对每个因变量进行了后续的单变量单因素方差分析。此外,被认定为神经偏执但未报告确诊医学诊断的患者的心理健康症状明显比报告确诊医学诊断的患者严重。从 IOP 治疗出院时,神经偏执者和神经畸形者之间,或有肯定诊断的神经偏执者和没有肯定诊断的神经偏执者之间,症状变化评分没有发现明显差异。无论诊断结果如何,确认症状和经历、在客户提出要求时允许其进行调整以及探索身份的形成等行为,都能让所有被认定为神经偏执的客户从治疗中受益。
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引用次数: 0
Trajectories of mindfulness, flow experience, and stress during an online-based MBSR program: the moderating role of emotional exhaustion 在线 MBSR 课程中的正念、流动体验和压力轨迹:情绪衰竭的调节作用
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1385372
Charlotte Hohnemann, Florian Engel, Corinna Peifer, Stefan Diestel
Despite numerous papers focusing on mindfulness at work, our knowledge about how flow experience and stress as indicators of optimal functioning and wellbeing at work evolve over time during the common mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program remains limited. Drawing from the transactional model of flow and stress, we argue that a build-up of mindfulness over the training duration not only leads to a decrease in stress but also an increase in flow experience. Thereby, we examine the moderating role of emotional exhaustion amplifying the beneficial effects of mindfulness.In a quasi-experimental study, 91 participants completed weekly questionnaires over the course of 8 weeks. Forty six participants in the experimental group took part in the MBSR program, while 45 participants were part of an inactive control group.Mindfulness and flow showed a significant linear increase over time, whereas stress exhibited a linear decrease. Those who participated in the MBSR training reported an increase in mindfulness that positively and negatively predicted the trajectories of flow and stress, respectively. Emotional exhaustion amplified the effects of the trajectory of mindfulness on the trajectories of flow and stress.These findings suggest that mindfulness can not only reduce stress but can also foster the autotelic experience of flow, especially for chronically depleted individuals. However, more research is necessary to replicate these results and address the limitations of the current study, including the quasi-experimental design, the use of self-report measures, as well as the dropout during the study period.
尽管有许多论文关注工作中的正念问题,但我们对作为工作中最佳功能和健康指标的流动体验和压力如何在常见的正念减压(MBSR)项目中随着时间的推移而演变的了解仍然有限。从流动和压力的交易模型出发,我们认为,在训练过程中积累正念不仅能减少压力,还能增加流动体验。在一项准实验研究中,91 名参与者在 8 周的时间里每周完成一次问卷调查。实验组中有 46 名参与者参加了 MBSR 项目,45 名参与者参加了非活动对照组。随着时间的推移,正念和流动呈现出显著的线性增长,而压力则呈现出线性下降。参加 MBSR 培训的学员表示,正念的增加分别对流动和压力的轨迹产生了积极和消极的预测作用。这些研究结果表明,正念不仅能减轻压力,还能促进自体流动体验,尤其是对于长期处于疲惫状态的人来说。然而,有必要开展更多的研究来复制这些结果,并解决当前研究的局限性,包括准实验设计、自我报告测量方法的使用以及研究期间的辍学问题。
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引用次数: 0
Development and validation of the Environmental Confinement Stressors Scale (ECSS-20) 禁闭环境压力量表(ECSS-20)的开发与验证
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1386235
J. F. Santibáñez-Palma, Rodrigo Ferrer-Urbina, Geraldy Sepúlveda-Páez, Josefa Bravo de la Fuente, Karina Alarcón-Castillo
The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a global crisis with severe consequences for public health. There have been negative impacts on people’s quality of life and mental health due to various stressors arising in this context, such as physical, social, economic, and psychological challenges. Noteworthy among these are the indirect effects of health measures, especially social distancing and confinement, which have significantly altered people’s daily lives and social activities, producing high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. This study proposes developing and validating a cross-sectional scale called the “Environmental Stressors Scale (ECSS-20)” to address the need to measure the impact of environmental stressors during confinement. The scale, which has been validated following ethical and methodological guidelines, consists of four dimensions: economic stressors (EE), social activities (SA), habitability (H), and exposure to virtual media (EMV). A pilot study (n = 113) and a main study (n = 314) were applied. The results showed that the instrument has a reliable and valid structure, with satisfactory internal consistency and factorial validity. Likewise, gender invariance tests supported its suitability for its applicability to women and men. Overall, the ECSS-20 is a valuable instrument for assessing the impact of confinement and improving the understanding of people’s subjective experiences in this situation. Future research could further develop its applicability in different contexts and populations to better understand its usefulness and psychometric properties.
COVID-19 大流行引发了一场全球性危机,对公共卫生造成了严重后果。在此背景下产生的各种压力,如身体、社会、经济和心理挑战,对人们的生活质量和心理健康产生了负面影响。其中值得注意的是卫生措施的间接影响,特别是社会疏远和禁闭,这极大地改变了人们的日常生活和社会活动,产生了严重的焦虑、抑郁和压力。本研究拟开发并验证一个名为 "环境压力源量表(ECSS-20)"的横断面量表,以满足测量禁闭期间环境压力源影响的需要。该量表已按照伦理和方法指南进行了验证,包括四个维度:经济压力源(EE)、社会活动(SA)、宜居性(H)和接触虚拟媒体(EMV)。试点研究(n = 113)和主要研究(n = 314)均采用了该工具。结果表明,该工具的结构可靠有效,具有令人满意的内部一致性和因子效度。同样,性别不变性测试也证明该工具适用于女性和男性。总之,ECSS-20 是评估禁闭影响和加深了解人们在这种情况下的主观体验的重要工具。未来的研究可以进一步开发其在不同环境和人群中的适用性,以更好地了解其实用性和心理测量学特性。
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引用次数: 0
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