American Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献_第10页

Relationship between gestational weight gain with fetal body composition and organ volumes in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Dimensional Study: a prospective pregnancy cohort

IF 6.5 1区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.007

Kathryn A Wagner , Zhen Chen , Stefanie N Hinkle , Jessica L Gleason , Wesley Lee , William A Grobman , John Owen , Roger B Newman , Daniel W Skupski , Dian He , Seth Sherman , Robert E Gore-Langton , Cuilin Zhang , Jagteshwar Grewal , Katherine L Grantz

Background

Inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with increased risk of newborn small- and large-for-gestational-age, respectively, and future offspring adiposity. However, the relationship between GWG and three-dimensional (3D) measures of fetal body composition and organ volumes, which may provide greater insight into fetal growth via measurement of soft tissue, remains unknown.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between trimester-specific GWG and 3D fetal body composition and organ volume measurements.

Methods

In a diverse, US prospective pregnancy cohort, trimester-specific GWG was calculated as difference between maternal weight at beginning and end of each trimester, and categorized as inadequate, adequate, or excessive, per 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. Up to five 3D ultrasound scans were completed across gestation, from which fetal body composition and organ volume measurements were obtained (n = 2675 pregnancies). The associations between trimester-specific GWG categories and 3D fetal body composition and organ volumes were assessed at 15, 29, and 39 weeks.

Results

Excessive compared with adequate GWG, in first and second trimesters was associated with larger abdominal circumference (n = 2430; 1st trimester: 1.29 cm, 95% CI: 0.74, 1.84; 2nd trimester: 2.98 cm, 95% CI: 1.62, 4.34) and abdominal area (n = 2401; 1st trimester: 22.04 mm², 95% CI: 0.48, 43.60; 2nd trimester: 162.34 mm², 95% CI: 76.25, 248.44), whereas excessive GWG in the first trimester was associated with larger arm subcutaneous tissue thickness (n = 1921; 0.01 cm, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.01). There was a trend toward increased fetal arm, thigh, kidney, and liver volumes and abdominal subcutaneous tissue, although differences did not reach the level of statistical significance for these structures.

Conclusions

Excessive GWG was associated with greater fetal size primarily manifested by a pattern of fat accumulation across the fetal arm and abdomen. Future studies should examine whether these fetal changes have functional implications for childhood adiposity and metabolic dysfunction.

This trial was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00912132 and NCT03266198

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引用次数: 0

Produce prescription benefits redemption and activity in an observational study of 2680 Massachusetts Medicaid members 在一项针对 2,680 名马萨诸塞州医疗补助计划成员的观察研究中，提供处方福利兑换和活动。

IF 6.5 1区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.010

Ronit A Ridberg, Julia Reedy Sharib, Dariush Mozaffarian

Background

Food is Medicine interventions are increasingly employed to address food and nutrition insecurity and diet sensitive conditions, and advance health equity. Produce prescription (PRx) programs hold particular promise, providing funds to purchase fruits and vegetables as part of a treatment plan. Despite early evidence, key knowledge gaps remain regarding redemption and activity rates, identified as critical but understudied factors with research, clinical, and policy implications.

Objectives

This prospective observational study investigates benefits utilization in a population of 2680 Massachusetts Medicaid members enrolled in the Fresh Connect PRx intervention between July 2020 and December 2022.

Methods

We examined trends overall, by duration of participation, alongside program changes, and by individual-level characteristics, providing a more complete picture of key correlates to benefits utilization.

Results

Participants enrolling during program periods with access to larger number of stores had ≤14.5% absolute higher redemption rates [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.4, 18.7] and, separately, 5-fold greater likelihood of shopping each month (odds ratio 5.0, 95% CI: 3.7, 6.7) than those enrolled with fewest locations. Within individuals in the program 24 mo, participation increased with time, with active shoppers rising from 65% in month 1 to 75% in month 12 to 85% in month 24; and redemption rising from 31% to 68% to 88% over the same period. Redemption was also higher for females compared with males (5.9% higher, 95% CI: 3.0, 8.7), Asian compared with White participants (18.3% higher, 95% CI: 10.6, 26.1), and for participants reporting Spanish as their preferred language compared with English (13.9% higher, 95% CI: 10.9, 16.9).

Conclusions

Activity and redemption can each be high in PRx, and may be positively associated with more shopping locations, longer participation and program implementation experience, and specific participant demographic factors. These findings inform interpretation of prior and design of future research on PRx, health outcomes, and healthcare utilization.

背景：越来越多地采用 "食物即药物 "干预措施来解决食物和营养不安全以及对饮食敏感的问题，并促进健康公平。蔬果处方（PRx）计划作为治疗计划的一部分，为购买蔬果提供资金，前景尤为广阔。尽管已有早期证据，但在兑换率和活动率方面仍存在关键的知识差距，这两个因素被认为是关键因素，但研究不足，对研究、临床和政策均有影响：本前瞻性观察研究调查了 2020 年 7 月至 2022 年 12 月期间参加新鲜连接 PRx 干预项目的 2,680 名马萨诸塞州医疗补助成员的福利使用情况：我们研究了总体趋势、参与时间、计划变化以及个人特征，从而更全面地了解福利使用的关键相关因素：结果：在参与计划期间，有更多商店可供选择的参与者的兑换率绝对高出 14.5%（95% CI 10.4，18.7），而每月购物的可能性（OR 5.0，95% CI 3.7，6.7）则分别比参与地点最少的参与者高出五倍。在参与该计划 24 个月的个人中，参与率随着时间的推移而增加，积极购物者从第 1 个月的 65% 增加到第 12 个月的 75%，再增加到第 24 个月的 85%；同期，兑换率从 31% 增加到 68%，再增加到 88%。女性参与者的兑换率也高于男性（5.9%，95% CI 3.0，8.7），亚裔参与者的兑换率高于白人（18.3%，95% CI 10.6，26.1），报告西班牙语为首选语言的参与者的兑换率也高于英语（13.9%，95% CI 10.9，16.9）：活动和兑换在 PRx 中都可能很高，并且可能与更多的购物地点、更长的参与时间和计划实施经验以及特定的参与者人口统计因素呈正相关。这些发现为解释 PRx、健康结果和医疗保健利用率方面的先前研究和未来研究设计提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Prediction models of basal energy expenditure in children and adolescents across the BMI spectrum based on room calorimetry: a cross-sectional cohort study 基于室内量热法的儿童和青少年BMI谱基础能量消耗预测模型：一项横断面队列研究

IF 6.5 1区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.003

Maurice Puyau , Roman Shypailo , Nancy F Butte , Salma Musaad , Fida Bacha

Background

Existing equations for prediction of basal energy expenditure (BEE) may not be accurate in children with overweight or obesity (OW/OB).

Objectives

We aimed to develop BEE prediction equations applicable to children and adolescents across a wide BMI spectrum using gold standard room calorimetry.

Methods

We measured weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, body composition (DXA), and BEE (whole room calorimetry) in a cross-sectional cohort of 1155 healthy children, 5–19 years of age. 67% of the males and 51% of the females were classified as OW/OB. We applied multiple linear regression analyses to develop BEE prediction models for each sex. Using relevant predictors, we developed models with fat-free mass (FFM); waist and hip circumference; weight and height only; and weight only. A representative sample of participants (83 males, 125 females) served as a validation dataset to test model performance. The models’ performance in predicting BEE was compared to existing models in the literature.

Results

Model fits (R²) for the new BEE prediction models were = 0.84 (P < 0.0001). Our BEE prediction models performed equally in children with normal weight and OW/OB, with <1.5% difference between the measured versus predicted BEE in the validation dataset for both sexes. In Bland-Altman analysis, our BEE prediction models were superior to existing prediction models, especially for children with higher BEEs.

Conclusions

New BEE prediction models developed and tested in cohorts representative of children with normal weight and OW/OB had superior performance compared with existing models. The BEE prediction equations based on simple anthropometrics or body composition provided improved accuracy and precision for children with NW or OW/OB, ages 5 to 19. More accurate estimates of BEE should allow for better estimates of energy requirements of children.

背景：现有的基础能量消耗（BEE）预测公式在超重或肥胖儿童（OW/OB）中可能不准确。我们的目的是利用金标准室内量热法建立适用于儿童和青少年广泛BMI谱的BEE预测方程。方法：我们测量了1155名5-19岁健康儿童的体重、身高、腰围和臀围、身体成分（DXA）和BEE（全室量热法）。67%的男性和51%的女性被归类为OW/OB。我们应用多元线性回归分析来建立不同性别的蜜蜂预测模型。利用相关的预测因子，我们建立了无脂质量（FFM）模型；腰臀围；仅限体重和身高；而且只有重量。参与者的代表性样本（83名男性，125名女性）作为验证数据集来测试模型的性能。将模型在预测BEE方面的表现与文献中的现有模型进行了比较。结果：新BEE预测模型的模型拟合（R2）为= 0.84 (p)。结论：新BEE预测模型在正常体重和OW/OB儿童中具有代表性的队列中开发和测试，与现有模型相比具有更好的性能。基于简单人体测量或身体成分的BEE预测方程为5至19岁的NW或OW/OB儿童提供了更高的准确性和精确性。更准确的BEE估计应该能够更好地估计儿童的能量需求。

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引用次数: 0

Limitations of the indicator amino acid oxidation method for determining amino acid requirements

IF 6.5 1区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.026

D. Joe Millward

引用次数: 0

One piece of the puzzle: understanding gestational weight gain and its role in maternal, fetal, and newborn outcomes

IF 6.5 1区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.021

Eric O Ohuma

引用次数: 0

Longitudinal cohort study of canola composition demonstrates changes in the climate and the food system are decreasing the essential fatty acid content of canola

IF 6.5 1区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.021

Michael R Bukowski , Sarah Goslee , Véronique J Barthet

Background

Canola oil represents a vital source of essential fatty acids (EFA), linoleic (LA), and α-linolenic acid (ALA). In assessing EFA intake, clinicians and nutritionists consult food composition databases; however, nutritional composition data may not reflect changes in food composition due to environmental factors. As the leading global exporter, Canada annually monitors canola quality in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta using the Canadian Grain Commission’s Harvest Sample Program, providing a geographical cross-section of canola composition which may provide empirical evidence for changes in EFA content for canola oil.

Objective

Use fatty acid composition data from 2010 to 2022 to determine 1) regional variability, 2) temporal variability, and 3) estimate how much of the observed variability can be related to differences growth temperature.

Method

Using the Harvest Sample Program and contemporaneous climate data, we constructed a model relating EFA composition with mean daytime high temperatures during flowering and seed development.

Results

Data for this cohort showed the average mean ALA content decreased from 9.93 ± 0.78 mass % (average mean± standard deviation) to 8.16 ± 0.46 mass %, with a concomitant increase in oleic acid. LA content was less variable, with a maximum of 19.21 ± 0.52 mass % in 2012 and a minimum of 18.06 ± 0.32 mass % in 2022. LA and ALA content are negatively correlated to daytime high temperature.

Conclusion

Compared our observations to publicly available food composition databases, the observed systemic changes in fatty acid composition from the field can be detected on grocery store shelves.

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引用次数: 0

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of (poly)phenols following consumption of selected blueberries and a blueberry-rich protein bar by adult males and females: a randomized, crossover, controlled trial.

IF 6.5 1区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.028

Monique C Santana, Atul S Rathore, Preeti Chandra, Jessica L Everhart, Harry Schulz, Cheryl D Granillo, Mario G Ferruzzi, Massimo Iorizzo, Mary A Lila, Joscelin T Diaz, Colin D Kay

Background: It is commonly believed that higher nutrient content equates to healthier foods and that food processing lowers nutrient content, although bioavailability studies often indicate otherwise. Blueberries, a rich source of (poly)phenols with proven health benefits, provide a feasible model to evaluate phytochemical bioavailability following consumption of raw and processed fruits.

Objectives: This study evaluates the effect of processing on the bioavailability of (poly)phenols following consumption of 4 interventions: 2 blueberry varieties (i.e., Elliott and Olympia) selected based on differing (poly)phenol content and in vitro bioaccessibility, a (poly)phenol-rich protein bar providing an equivalent amount of blueberries, and a control beverage.

Methods: This blinded, randomized, 4-way crossover, controlled trial (n = 18; 42.06 ± 12.53 y; body mass index [BMI] 24.75 ± 2.97 kg/m²) fed 1 serving (150 g) of Elliott and Olympia blueberries and a (poly)phenol-rich protein bar containing 1 serving of Elliott blueberries, compared with a macronutrient-matched control beverage. (Poly)phenols and metabolites were analyzed in blood and urine over 48 h, with bioavailability and pharmacokinetics assessed via linear mixed-effects repeated measures ANOVA.

Results: Recovery of metabolites was similar following consumption of blueberry varieties of differing (poly)phenol composition, with higher total urinary recovery after Elliott blueberry relative to Olympia blueberry and protein bar (21% and 29%, respectively). Serum AUC was similar across berry-derived treatments, whereas differences in maximum concentration (C_max) and time at maximum concentration (T_max) were observed; for example, urinary recovery of 3-methoxycinnamic acid-4-O-glucuronide was similar following Elliott blueberry and protein bar (P = 1.00), whereas C_max was 1.24 h later after Elliott blueberry compared with protein bar (T_max = 3.84 compared with 2.60 h). Alternatively, C_max for 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid was higher following Elliott blueberry compared with Olympia blueberry and protein bar (26.63 and 25.32 ng/mL higher, respectively).

Conclusions: Differing berry (poly)phenol content and bioaccessibility only minimally affect bioavailability following consumption of blueberries relative to a blueberry-rich protein bar, suggesting (poly)phenol-dense foods, such as bars and snacks, could provide similar health benefits as raw fruits. Further studies using other crops are required to assess if these findings are translatable. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04175106.

{"title":"Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of (poly)phenols following consumption of selected blueberries and a blueberry-rich protein bar by adult males and females: a randomized, crossover, controlled trial.","authors":"Monique C Santana, Atul S Rathore, Preeti Chandra, Jessica L Everhart, Harry Schulz, Cheryl D Granillo, Mario G Ferruzzi, Massimo Iorizzo, Mary A Lila, Joscelin T Diaz, Colin D Kay","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is commonly believed that higher nutrient content equates to healthier foods and that food processing lowers nutrient content, although bioavailability studies often indicate otherwise. Blueberries, a rich source of (poly)phenols with proven health benefits, provide a feasible model to evaluate phytochemical bioavailability following consumption of raw and processed fruits.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluates the effect of processing on the bioavailability of (poly)phenols following consumption of 4 interventions: 2 blueberry varieties (i.e., Elliott and Olympia) selected based on differing (poly)phenol content and in vitro bioaccessibility, a (poly)phenol-rich protein bar providing an equivalent amount of blueberries, and a control beverage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This blinded, randomized, 4-way crossover, controlled trial (n = 18; 42.06 ± 12.53 y; body mass index [BMI] 24.75 ± 2.97 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) fed 1 serving (150 g) of Elliott and Olympia blueberries and a (poly)phenol-rich protein bar containing 1 serving of Elliott blueberries, compared with a macronutrient-matched control beverage. (Poly)phenols and metabolites were analyzed in blood and urine over 48 h, with bioavailability and pharmacokinetics assessed via linear mixed-effects repeated measures ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recovery of metabolites was similar following consumption of blueberry varieties of differing (poly)phenol composition, with higher total urinary recovery after Elliott blueberry relative to Olympia blueberry and protein bar (21% and 29%, respectively). Serum AUC was similar across berry-derived treatments, whereas differences in maximum concentration (C<sub>max</sub>) and time at maximum concentration (T<sub>max</sub>) were observed; for example, urinary recovery of 3-methoxycinnamic acid-4-O-glucuronide was similar following Elliott blueberry and protein bar (P = 1.00), whereas C<sub>max</sub> was 1.24 h later after Elliott blueberry compared with protein bar (T<sub>max</sub> = 3.84 compared with 2.60 h). Alternatively, C<sub>max</sub> for 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid was higher following Elliott blueberry compared with Olympia blueberry and protein bar (26.63 and 25.32 ng/mL higher, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Differing berry (poly)phenol content and bioaccessibility only minimally affect bioavailability following consumption of blueberries relative to a blueberry-rich protein bar, suggesting (poly)phenol-dense foods, such as bars and snacks, could provide similar health benefits as raw fruits. Further studies using other crops are required to assess if these findings are translatable. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04175106.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling subgroup trends of stunting and wasting in Indian children: a serial cross-sectional analysis from National Family Health Surveys 3-5.

IF 6.5 1区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.027

Drishti Sharma, Pandara Purayil Vijin, Rajat Goyal, Saif Ul Hadi, Rajesh Kumar

Background: India grapples with a dual burden of child wasting and stunting and stark socio-economic and regional disparities.

Objectives: We aimed to better understand trends in the prevalence of childhood stunting and wasting, with an emphasis on its disproportionate effects on marginalized populations, by analyzing National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) data from 2005 to 2020.

Methods: We analyzed trends in the distribution of childhood height-for-age Z (HAZ) and weight-for-height Z (WHZ) scores using anthropometric data from 3 surveys, NFHS 3, 4, and 5. We examined disparities by wealth, caste, tribe, area of residence (rural compared with urban), and sex and mapped trends against India's evolving policy landscape. We also conducted a regression analysis of HAZ and WHZ risk factors.

Results: In the context of an evolving nutrition-centered policy landscape, disparities by level of wealth in both HAZ and WHZ decreased in the study period (HAZ: estimate = 0.27, confidence interval [CI]: 0.16, 0.38; and WHZ: estimate = 0.11, CI: 0.01, 0.22), though there were no improvements in disparities for marginalized castes (HAZ: estimate = 0.07, CI: 0.00, 0.13; and WHZ: estimate = 0.02, CI: -0.04, 0.08). Though they have narrowed, disparities by wealth, caste, tribe, and area of residence persist, with undernutrition at birth, as measured by HAZ and WHZ, a particularly acute problem.

Conclusions: Although there have been significant reductions in disparities by wealth in mean HAZ and WHZ scores in India, persistent disparities by caste, tribe, and area of residence necessitate reinvestments in targeted interventions. Further, despite this narrowing of disparities and overall progress against stunting, anthropometric scores in early childhood continue to be low in India, especially with regard to wasting, indicating the importance of not only maternal nutrition and care for newborns but more comprehensive efforts to address poverty and other factors that contribute to undernutrition, with a focus on vulnerable populations.

{"title":"Unveiling subgroup trends of stunting and wasting in Indian children: a serial cross-sectional analysis from National Family Health Surveys 3-5.","authors":"Drishti Sharma, Pandara Purayil Vijin, Rajat Goyal, Saif Ul Hadi, Rajesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India grapples with a dual burden of child wasting and stunting and stark socio-economic and regional disparities.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to better understand trends in the prevalence of childhood stunting and wasting, with an emphasis on its disproportionate effects on marginalized populations, by analyzing National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) data from 2005 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed trends in the distribution of childhood height-for-age Z (HAZ) and weight-for-height Z (WHZ) scores using anthropometric data from 3 surveys, NFHS 3, 4, and 5. We examined disparities by wealth, caste, tribe, area of residence (rural compared with urban), and sex and mapped trends against India's evolving policy landscape. We also conducted a regression analysis of HAZ and WHZ risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the context of an evolving nutrition-centered policy landscape, disparities by level of wealth in both HAZ and WHZ decreased in the study period (HAZ: estimate = 0.27, confidence interval [CI]: 0.16, 0.38; and WHZ: estimate = 0.11, CI: 0.01, 0.22), though there were no improvements in disparities for marginalized castes (HAZ: estimate = 0.07, CI: 0.00, 0.13; and WHZ: estimate = 0.02, CI: -0.04, 0.08). Though they have narrowed, disparities by wealth, caste, tribe, and area of residence persist, with undernutrition at birth, as measured by HAZ and WHZ, a particularly acute problem.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although there have been significant reductions in disparities by wealth in mean HAZ and WHZ scores in India, persistent disparities by caste, tribe, and area of residence necessitate reinvestments in targeted interventions. Further, despite this narrowing of disparities and overall progress against stunting, anthropometric scores in early childhood continue to be low in India, especially with regard to wasting, indicating the importance of not only maternal nutrition and care for newborns but more comprehensive efforts to address poverty and other factors that contribute to undernutrition, with a focus on vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Consuming pecans as a snack improves lipids/lipoproteins and diet quality compared with usual diet in adults at increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases: a randomized controlled trial.

IF 6.5 1区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.024

Tricia L Hart, Penny M Kris-Etherton, Kristina S Petersen

Background: The vascular and cardiometabolic effects of pecans are relatively understudied.

Objectives: The aim was to examine how substitution of usual snack foods with 57 g/d of pecans affects vascular health, risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases, and diet quality, compared with continuing usual intake in individuals at risk of cardiometabolic diseases.

Methods: A 12-wk single-blinded, parallel, randomized controlled trial was conducted. Adults with ≥1 criterion for metabolic syndrome who were free from cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes were included. Participants were provided with 57 g/d of pecans and instructed to replace the snacks usually consumed with the provided pecans. The control group was instructed to continue consuming their usual diet. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD),primary outcome, along with blood pressure, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), lipids/lipoproteins, and glycemic control were measured at baseline and following the intervention. Participants completed 3 24-h recalls at 3 time points (baseline, week 6, and week 12) during the study (9 recalls in total). The Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) was calculated to assess diet quality.

Results: In total, 138 participants (mean ± SD; 46 ± 13 y, 29.8 ± 3.7 kg/m²) were randomly assigned (69 per group). No between-group differences in FMD, cf-PWV, or blood pressure were observed. Compared with the usual diet group, pecan intake reduced total cholesterol (-8.1 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -14.5, -1.7), LDL cholesterol (-7.2 mg/dL; 95% CI -12.3, -2.1), non-HDL-cholesterol (-9.5 mg/dL; 95% CI -15.3, -3.7), and triglycerides concentrations (-16.4 mg/dL; 95% CI -30.0, -2.9). Weight tended to increase in the pecan group compared with the usual diet group (0.7 kg; 95% CI -0.1, 1.4). The HEI-2020 increased by 9.4 points (95% CI 5.0, 13.7) in the pecan group compared with the usual diet group.

Conclusions: Replacing usual snacks with 57 g/d of pecans for 12-wk improves lipids/lipoproteins and diet quality but does not affect vascular health in adults at risk of cardiometabolic disease. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05071807.

{"title":"Consuming pecans as a snack improves lipids/lipoproteins and diet quality compared with usual diet in adults at increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Tricia L Hart, Penny M Kris-Etherton, Kristina S Petersen","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The vascular and cardiometabolic effects of pecans are relatively understudied.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim was to examine how substitution of usual snack foods with 57 g/d of pecans affects vascular health, risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases, and diet quality, compared with continuing usual intake in individuals at risk of cardiometabolic diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 12-wk single-blinded, parallel, randomized controlled trial was conducted. Adults with ≥1 criterion for metabolic syndrome who were free from cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes were included. Participants were provided with 57 g/d of pecans and instructed to replace the snacks usually consumed with the provided pecans. The control group was instructed to continue consuming their usual diet. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD),primary outcome, along with blood pressure, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), lipids/lipoproteins, and glycemic control were measured at baseline and following the intervention. Participants completed 3 24-h recalls at 3 time points (baseline, week 6, and week 12) during the study (9 recalls in total). The Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) was calculated to assess diet quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 138 participants (mean ± SD; 46 ± 13 y, 29.8 ± 3.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were randomly assigned (69 per group). No between-group differences in FMD, cf-PWV, or blood pressure were observed. Compared with the usual diet group, pecan intake reduced total cholesterol (-8.1 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -14.5, -1.7), LDL cholesterol (-7.2 mg/dL; 95% CI -12.3, -2.1), non-HDL-cholesterol (-9.5 mg/dL; 95% CI -15.3, -3.7), and triglycerides concentrations (-16.4 mg/dL; 95% CI -30.0, -2.9). Weight tended to increase in the pecan group compared with the usual diet group (0.7 kg; 95% CI -0.1, 1.4). The HEI-2020 increased by 9.4 points (95% CI 5.0, 13.7) in the pecan group compared with the usual diet group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Replacing usual snacks with 57 g/d of pecans for 12-wk improves lipids/lipoproteins and diet quality but does not affect vascular health in adults at risk of cardiometabolic disease. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05071807.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protein glycation compromises the bioavailability of milk protein-derived lysine in vivo in healthy adult males: a double-blind, randomized cross-over trial.

IF 6.5 1区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.025

Glenn Aa van Lieshout, Jorn Trommelen, Jean Nyakayiru, Janneau van Kranenburg, Joan M Senden, Annemie P Gijsen, Lex B Verdijk, Wilbert F Pellikaan, Marjolijn Ce Bragt, Luc Jc van Loon

Background: Industrial processing and storage of milk products can strongly increase protein glycation level. Previously, we have reported that ingestion of highly glycated milk protein attenuates the postprandial rise in plasma lysine concentrations compared to the ingestion of an equivalent amount of milk protein with a low glycation level. Whether the attenuated increase in plasma lysine availability is attributed to compromised protein digestion and subsequent lysine absorption remains to be established.

Objectives: The present study combined stable-isotope methodology with the ingestion of specifically produced, intrinsically labeled protein to assess protein digestion and amino acid absorption following ingestion of milk protein with a high versus low glycation level in vivo in humans.

Methods: Fifteen recreationally active, healthy young males participated in this double-blinded, randomized cross-over study. Subjects ingested 40 g intrinsically L-[1-¹³C]-lysine-labeled milk protein with either a low (3%) or high (50%) glycation level. Continuous intravenous infusion of L-[4,4,5,5-²H₄]-lysine was combined with frequent blood sample collection during a 6-h postprandial period to evaluate dietary protein-derived lysine release into the circulation.

Results: Postprandial plasma lysine concentrations were lower following the ingestion of milk protein with a high versus low glycation level (time × treatment effect: P = 0.002; ƞ² = 0.214), resulting in a 23 mmol/L x 360 min (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13, 32) lower incremental area under the curve (0 ± 12 vs 23 ± 11 mmol/L x 360 min, respectively, P < 0.001). The postprandial release of milk protein-derived lysine into the circulation was attenuated following ingestion of the protein with the high versus low glycation level (time × treatment effect: P < 0.001; ƞ² = 0.640) and was 31% (95% CI: 26, 36) lower over the full 6-h postprandial period (18 ± 4 vs 49 ± 10% of the ingested lysine, respectively, P < 0.001).

Conclusions: A high level of milk protein glycation strongly reduces postprandial plasma lysine availability in vivo in humans. Industrial processing and storage of (milk) protein products can strongly modulate protein bioavailability and, as such, lower the nutritional value of a protein source. This trial was registered at www.

Clinicaltrials: gov as NCT05479916.

{"title":"Protein glycation compromises the bioavailability of milk protein-derived lysine in vivo in healthy adult males: a double-blind, randomized cross-over trial.","authors":"Glenn Aa van Lieshout, Jorn Trommelen, Jean Nyakayiru, Janneau van Kranenburg, Joan M Senden, Annemie P Gijsen, Lex B Verdijk, Wilbert F Pellikaan, Marjolijn Ce Bragt, Luc Jc van Loon","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Industrial processing and storage of milk products can strongly increase protein glycation level. Previously, we have reported that ingestion of highly glycated milk protein attenuates the postprandial rise in plasma lysine concentrations compared to the ingestion of an equivalent amount of milk protein with a low glycation level. Whether the attenuated increase in plasma lysine availability is attributed to compromised protein digestion and subsequent lysine absorption remains to be established.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study combined stable-isotope methodology with the ingestion of specifically produced, intrinsically labeled protein to assess protein digestion and amino acid absorption following ingestion of milk protein with a high versus low glycation level in vivo in humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen recreationally active, healthy young males participated in this double-blinded, randomized cross-over study. Subjects ingested 40 g intrinsically L-[1-<sup>13</sup>C]-lysine-labeled milk protein with either a low (3%) or high (50%) glycation level. Continuous intravenous infusion of L-[4,4,5,5-<sup>2</sup>H<sub>4</sub>]-lysine was combined with frequent blood sample collection during a 6-h postprandial period to evaluate dietary protein-derived lysine release into the circulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postprandial plasma lysine concentrations were lower following the ingestion of milk protein with a high versus low glycation level (time × treatment effect: P = 0.002; ƞ<sup>2</sup> = 0.214), resulting in a 23 mmol/L x 360 min (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13, 32) lower incremental area under the curve (0 ± 12 vs 23 ± 11 mmol/L x 360 min, respectively, P < 0.001). The postprandial release of milk protein-derived lysine into the circulation was attenuated following ingestion of the protein with the high versus low glycation level (time × treatment effect: P < 0.001; ƞ<sup>2</sup> = 0.640) and was 31% (95% CI: 26, 36) lower over the full 6-h postprandial period (18 ± 4 vs 49 ± 10% of the ingested lysine, respectively, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A high level of milk protein glycation strongly reduces postprandial plasma lysine availability in vivo in humans. Industrial processing and storage of (milk) protein products can strongly modulate protein bioavailability and, as such, lower the nutritional value of a protein source. This trial was registered at www.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov as NCT05479916.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0