American Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"A broader perspective on nutrition research: the rationale for integrating the entire continuum of human nutrition","authors":"Andrew A Bremer , Shannon N Zenk , Stefan M Pasiakos , Helene M Langevin","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 203-206"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of body composition at birth and accretion from 0 to 5 years with kidney function and volume at the 10-year follow-up: the Ethiopian Infant Anthropometry and Body Composition birth cohort","authors":"Beakal Zinab ,&nbsp;Rahma Ali ,&nbsp;Bikila S Megersa ,&nbsp;Tefera Belachew ,&nbsp;Elias Kedir ,&nbsp;Tsinuel Girma ,&nbsp;Bitiya Admasu ,&nbsp;Henrik Friis ,&nbsp;Mubarek Abera ,&nbsp;Suzanne Filteau ,&nbsp;Dorothea Nitsch ,&nbsp;Jonathan CK Wells ,&nbsp;Rasmus Wibaek ,&nbsp;Daniel Yilma","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) in early life are associated with later obesity and cardiometabolic disease.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the associations of FM and FFM at birth and conditional FM and FFM accretion from 0 to 5 y with kidney outcomes at the 10-y follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Ethiopian Infant Anthropometry and Body Composition birth cohort included term infants born in Jimma town, with a birth weight ≥1500 g, and having no congenital malformations. Air-displacement plethysmography was used to measure body composition. Serum cystatin C was determined and kidney dimensions were assessed by ultrasound when children were aged ∼10 y. Conditional growth modeling was used to compute FM and FFM accretion between different time points over 0–5 y. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine associations of birth FM and FFM and conditional FM and FFM accretion in selected age periods with serum cystatin C and total kidney volume at the 10-y follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 350 children were followed up at a mean age of 9.8 (±1.0) y. A 1 standard deviation (SD) higher conditional FFM accretion from 3 to 6 mo was associated with 7.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9%, 13.0%) lower serum cystatin C but higher conditional FFM accretion 48–60 mo was associated with 5.3% (95% CI: 1.9%, 9.0%) higher serum cystatin C. A 1 SD higher conditional FM accretion in the periods 6–48 mo and 48–60 mo was associated with <em>β</em> = 7.7 (95% CI: 4.8, 10.7) and <em>β</em> = 6.4 (95% CI: 1.6, 11.1) cm³ greater kidney volume, respectively. A 1 SD higher birth FFM and FFM accretion in the periods 3–6 mo, 6–48 mo, and 48–60 mo was associated with <em>β</em> = 4.7 (95% CI: 2.1, 7.2), 14.1 (95% CI: 6.3, 22.0), 4.2 (95% CI: 0.9, 7.4), and 7.1 (95% CI: 2.5, 11.7) cm³ greater kidney volume, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A higher conditional FFM gain in age from 3 to 6 mo results in better kidney function at the 10-y follow-up, whereas a higher conditional FFM gain in age from 4 to 5 y results in a lower kidney function. Kidney volume at the 10-y follow-up is associated with higher birth FFM and higher conditional FM or FFM growth in most growth periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 385-393"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal vitamin D status, fetal growth patterns, and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a multisite prospective pregnancy cohort","authors":"Celeste Beck ,&nbsp;Nathan R Blue ,&nbsp;Robert M Silver ,&nbsp;Muzi Na ,&nbsp;William A Grobman ,&nbsp;Jonathan Steller ,&nbsp;Samuel Parry ,&nbsp;Christina Scifres ,&nbsp;Alison D Gernand","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Few studies have examined maternal vitamin D status and fetal growth patterns across gestation. Furthermore, time points in pregnancy at which maternal vitamin D status is most critical for optimal fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes are uncertain.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our objective was to examine whether first and second trimester maternal vitamin D status are associated with fetal growth patterns and pregnancy outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a secondary analysis using data and samples from a multisite prospective cohort study of nulliparous pregnant females in the United States. We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) for 351 participants at 6–13 and 16–21 weeks of gestation. Fetal growth was measured by ultrasound at 16–21 and 22–29 weeks of gestation, and neonatal anthropometric measures at birth. We constructed fetal growth curves using length, weight, and head circumference <em>z</em>-scores, and calculated risk of preterm birth (&lt;37 wk) and small for gestational age (SGA). We examined outcomes across 25(OH)D concentrations assessed continuously, using Institute of Medicine (IOM) cutoffs (&lt;50 compared with ≥50 nmol/L), and using exploratory cutoffs (&lt;40, 40–59.9, 60–79.9, ≥80 nmol/L).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Vitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)D &lt;50 nmol/L) was prevalent in 20% of participants in the first trimester. Each 10 nmol/L increase in first trimester 25(OH)D was associated with a 0.05 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 0.10] increase in length-for-age <em>z</em>-score but was not associated with weight or head circumference. There were no differences in risk of preterm birth or SGA using IOM cutoffs; participants with first trimester 25(OH)D &lt;40 compared with ≥80 nmol/L had 4.35 (95% CI: 1.14, 16.55) times risk of preterm birth. Second trimester 25(OH)D was not associated with fetal growth patterns or with pregnancy outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>First trimester 25(OH)D is positively associated with linear growth. Low first trimester 25(OH)D (&lt;40 nmol/L) is associated with a higher risk of preterm birth. Second trimester 25(OH)D is not associated with fetal growth or pregnancy outcomes assessed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 376-384"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing diversity in the nutrition, obesity, and diabetes biomedical workforce: the BRIDGES consortium","authors":"Robert L Newton Jr. ,&nbsp;Peter T Katzmarzyk ,&nbsp;O. Kenrik Duru ,&nbsp;Anna Lee ,&nbsp;Ashley Irwin ,&nbsp;Carol M Mangione ,&nbsp;Natalia E Morone ,&nbsp;Elimelda Moige Ongeri ,&nbsp;Saame Raza Shaikh ,&nbsp;Fatima Cody Stanford ,&nbsp;Takara L Stanley ,&nbsp;Kimberly Parker Truesdale","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scientists from diverse backgrounds are underrepresented (UR) in academia. This lack of diversity impedes scientific discovery and innovation. UR scientists tend to conduct research on issues relevant to UR populations, including chronic disease prevention and management, and health disparities. Difficulty in attaining grant funding is a major barrier preventing UR scientists from remaining in academia. Programs designed to provide UR scientists with career development training can help increase the number of UR scientists who obtain grant funding. These programs have shown some level of success, yet none have been specifically designed to target scientists conducting research pertaining to the interests of the National Institute for Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Disorders (NIDDK). Here, the Bringing Resources to Increase Diversity, Growth, Equity, and Scholarship for Obesity, Nutrition, and Diabetes Research (BRIDGES) consortium is described. BRIDGES is the first program to be funded by the NIDDK designed to increase the success rate of UR scientists competing for and obtaining funding related to nutrition, obesity, and diabetes. Four programs across the country, located in California, Massachusetts, North Carolina, and Louisiana, were funded in 2022. By design, some programmatic elements are shared across each of the funded programs, including mentoring and a pilot and feasibility funding program. Some elements are specific to each program. The BRIDGES program is expected to impact a substantial number of UR scientists who are then likely to have an influence on nutrition, obesity, diabetes, and health disparities research, shaping NIH priorities, and future scientists conducting NIDDK-related research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 265-273"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maize consumption and circulating aflatoxin levels in Mexican middle- and older-aged adults: a cross-sectional analysis","authors":"Obed Solís-Martínez ,&nbsp;Adriana Monge ,&nbsp;John D Groopman ,&nbsp;Katherine A McGlynn ,&nbsp;Martín Romero-Martínez ,&nbsp;Natalia Palacios-Rojas ,&nbsp;Carolina Batis ,&nbsp;Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa ,&nbsp;Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Martín Lajous","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Maize is frequently contaminated by aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), an established liver carcinogen.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of maize and maize tortilla consumption on AFB₁-lysine adduct (AFB₁-lys) concentrations in middle- and older-aged adults living in south and eastern Mexico.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in a representative sample of 915 adults aged ≥40 y living in south and eastern Mexico in 2018–2019. Maize and maize tortilla intake were estimated using a food frequency questionnaire. Intake of maize tortillas made from store-purchased <em>masa</em> or bought in a <em>tortilleria</em>, from homemade <em>masa</em>, and from store-bought maize flour was assessed. AFB₁-lys in serum was quantified using state-of-the-art isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We assessed the relationship between maize and maize tortilla consumption and AFB₁-lys by fitting linear regression models that accounted for the complex survey design.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Median maize intake was 307 g/d [quartile 1 (Q1)–quartile 3 (Q3) = 165, 554]. Maize tortillas represented 77% of total maize consumption, with a median consumption of 252 g/d (Q1–Q2 = 120, 462). After multivariable adjustment, for every 30 g of maize consumed (1 tortilla equivalent), circulating AFB₁-lys incremented by 2.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9%, 3.4%]. For every maize tortilla consumed, the concentration of circulating AFB1-lys was 2.0% (95% CI: 0.6%, 3.4%) higher. The corresponding estimate for homemade <em>masa</em> tortilla was 2.8% (95% CI: 1.1%, 4.6%). The magnitude of the estimates for tortillas made from store-purchased <em>masa</em> or bought in a <em>tortilleria</em> and those made from store-bought maize flour was minimal.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Maize and maize tortilla intake was associated with AFB1-lys concentrations. This association appears to be driven by the consumption of tortillas made from homemade <em>masa</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 454-462"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron regulatory hormones and their associations with iron status biomarkers among healthy adults of East Asian or Northern European ancestry: A cross-sectional comparison from the Iron Genes in East Asian and Northern European Adults Study (FeGenes)","authors":"Alexa Barad ,&nbsp;Yaqin Xu ,&nbsp;Erica Bender ,&nbsp;Eva K Pressman ,&nbsp;Zhenglong Gu ,&nbsp;Kimberly O O’Brien","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Individuals of East Asian (EA) ancestry have greater risk of elevated iron (Fe) stores compared with individuals of Northern European (NE) ancestry, but no studies have assessed differences in Fe regulatory hormones between these populations.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate hepcidin, erythropoietin, and erythroferrone as a function of ancestry and examine their associations with Fe status markers in United States adults of genetically confirmed EA or NE ancestry.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants in this cross-sectional study were healthy EA (<em>n</em> = 251) or NE (<em>n</em> = 253) males and premenopausal, nonpregnant females, aged 18–50 y, and without obesity. Serum hepcidin, erythropoietin, and erythroferrone concentrations were measured using ELISAs. Fe status [serum ferritin (SF), soluble transferrin receptor, total body iron, and transferrin], hematologic (complete blood count), and inflammatory (C-reactive protein and IL-6) markers were measured. Results are shown as the geometric mean (95% CI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hepcidin (ng/mL) was significantly higher in EA (43.9; 95% CI: 39.6, 48.7) compared with NE (31.3; 95% CI: 28.4, 34.5) males (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) but did not differ between EA (21.8; 95% CI: 19.4, 24.6) and NE (21.3; 95% CI: 19.0, 23.8) females (<em>P</em> = 0.66). Interestingly, the hepcidin:SF ratio was lower in EA males (0.26; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.28) and females (0.51; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.57) compared with NE males (0.37; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.40; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and females (0.65; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.73; <em>P</em> = 0.01), respectively. These differences remained significant after adjustment for C-reactive protein (males: <em>P-</em>adjusted &lt; 0.001; females: <em>P-</em>adjusted = 0.008) or IL-6 (males: <em>P-</em>adjusted &lt; 0.001; females: <em>P-</em>adjusted = 0.006). Erythropoietin did not differ between ancestry groups in males (<em>P</em> = 0.11) or females (<em>P</em> = 0.96). Lastly, erythroferrone (ng/mL) was higher in EA (1.3; 95% CI: 0.8, 1.9) compared with NE (0.6; 95% CI: 0.4, 0.9; <em>P</em> = 0.009) males but did not differ between females (EA: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5, 1.1; NE: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.7; <em>P</em> = 0.11).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A lower hepcidin:SF ratio in EA compared with NE participants suggests that among EAs, hepcidin concentrations are lower relative to the load of Fe present. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the observed differences.</div><div>This study was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT04198545.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 406-416"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to DJ Millward","authors":"Kerri Scherbinsky ,&nbsp;Ronald O Ball ,&nbsp;Paul B Pencharz ,&nbsp;Glenda Courtney-Martin ,&nbsp;Rajavel Elango","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 500-501"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a 12-mo intervention with whey protein powder on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Fengping Li ,&nbsp;Ruikun He ,&nbsp;Zhongbao Yue ,&nbsp;Haoran Yi ,&nbsp;Likang Lu ,&nbsp;Longbang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiahui Shi ,&nbsp;Chenchen Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiayi Jiao ,&nbsp;Jianying Peng ,&nbsp;Benchao Li ,&nbsp;Shuang Rong","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Our previous animal study revealed that supplementation with milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) alleviated Alzheimer’s disease pathology in mice. We hypothesized that supplementation with whey protein powder rich in MFGM, taurine, and B vitamins would improve cognitive function in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We conducted a 12-mo randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of whey protein powder on cognitive function in older adults with MCI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the active intervention group (whey protein powder, 15 g/d) or the control group (placebo, 15 g/d). We performed comprehensive cognitive function tests at baseline, 6 mo, and 12 mo. The primary outcome was global cognitive function determined by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Secondary outcomes included other cognitive subdomains, and body composition. The data were analyzed using the intention-to-treat (ITT) principle.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 107 participants [mean (standard deviation) age 62.94 (4.33) y] were randomly assigned to the active intervention group (<em>n =</em> 53), or control group (<em>n =</em> 54). In the ITT analysis, the mean change in MoCA score at 12 mo was 3.23 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.17, 4.30] in the active intervention group and 1.42 (95% CI: 0.36, 2.48) in the control group, with the mean difference between groups (group × time interaction) in change of MoCA score was 1.81 (95% CI: 0.32, 3.30). The modified ITT and per-protocol analyses showed similar results. The results also found a significant beneficial effect of the active intervention for several secondary cognitive outcomes such as Digit Symbol Substitution Test score, and the mean difference between groups in the ITT analysis was 2.72 (95% CI: 0.20, 5.23). Few side effects were reported during the study, and there was no statistically significant difference between groups (<em>P</em> = 0.74).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Supplementation with whey protein powder rich in MFGM, taurine, and B vitamins for 12 mo improve cognitive function in older adults with MCI.</div><div>This trial was registered at the <span><span>https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=150871</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as ChiCTR2200062705.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 256-264"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral citrulline supplementation in pregnancies with preeclampsia: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial","authors":"Norbert Winer ,&nbsp;Emilie Misbert ,&nbsp;Damien Masson ,&nbsp;Aude Girault ,&nbsp;Marie-Cecile Alexandre-Gouabau ,&nbsp;Guillaume Ducarme ,&nbsp;Vincent Dochez ,&nbsp;Thibault Thubert ,&nbsp;Marion Boivin ,&nbsp;Véronique Ferchaud-Roucher ,&nbsp;Morgane Péré ,&nbsp;Dominique Darmaun","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Preeclampsia (PE) contributes to maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Supplementation with L-arginine, the precursor of nitric oxide, has not proven effective, possibly due to extensive arginine catabolism in the splanchnic bed. Citrulline is converted by the kidney to L-arginine. Citrulline, therefore, could be a more effective nitric oxide donor in the treatment of PE.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study aimed to determine whether oral L-citrulline supplementation would prolong the delay between diagnosis and delivery in preeclamptic females.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 115 females with monofetal preeclamptic pregnancy were enrolled before 36 weeks of gestation in a multicenter randomized, double-blind trial: 58 received oral L-citrulline supplementation, and 57 received placebo. The duration of pregnancy, neonatal and maternal outcomes, and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1/placental growth factor ratio, an index of placental dysfunction, were monitored.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Gestational age at inclusion was similar in both groups. The duration of pregnancy between inclusion and delivery was unaltered (hazard ratio: 0.90; 95% confidence interval: 0.62, 1.31). Neither neonatal weight nor pregnancy outcome differed between groups. Liver enzymes were higher on the day of delivery in the treated, compared to the placebo group (65.1 compared with 33.2 UI and 70.4 compared with 33.7 UI for alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, respectively, (estimate: 5.92; 95% confidence interval: 1.09, 10.74). Systolic blood pressure (BP) was higher at delivery in the citrulline group compared with the control group (<em>P</em> = 0.015), whereas the diastolic BP showed no difference. We did not find any difference in neonatal outcomes nor soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1/placental growth factor ratio.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The current trial found no benefit of oral L-citrulline supplementation to females with PE regarding either the duration of pregnancy, fetal growth, or maternal and neonatal outcomes. Systolic BP and liver enzymes levels were found to increase at delivery in the treated group. L-citrulline oral supplementation does not seem to be a promising candidate as a therapeutic intervention in pregnancies with PE.</div><div>This trial was registered at CITRUPE as NCT02801695.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 488-496"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efforts to reduce sugar-sweetened beverages and combat childhood obesity","authors":"Gita Wahi ,&nbsp;Russell J. de Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 191-192"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}