American Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Ultraprocessed food consumption by urbanization level among United States youth and adults: cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2013–March 2020","authors":"Nicholas Ansai ,&nbsp;Anne M Williams ,&nbsp;Samuel D Emmerich ,&nbsp;Kirsten A Herrick ,&nbsp;Edwina A Wambogo ,&nbsp;Euridice Martínez Steele ,&nbsp;Cynthia L Ogden","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In the United States, ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) may contribute to poorer diet quality that has been observed in rural areas compared with urban areas, as increased UPF consumption is linked with decreased nutritional quality.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To describe the mean contribution to total energy and total gram intakes from UPFs, unprocessed or minimally processed foods (MPFs), and other Nova categories and subcategories by urbanization level among United States youth and adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to March 2020 were analyzed. The mean percent of total energy and total gram intakes from Nova categories (MPFs, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods, and UPFs) were estimated by urbanization level (nonmetropolitan statistical areas [non-MSAs, <em>n</em> = 3976], small-to-medium MSAs [<em>n</em> = 9170], and large MSAs [<em>n</em> = 14,637]) for youth 2–19 y and adults 20 y and older. Trends by urbanization level were assessed using orthogonal contrasts in linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, race and Hispanic origin, and income. Day 1 dietary sample weights accounted for differential probabilities of selection, nonresponse, noncoverage, and day of the week.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among youth, there was no trend in MPF or UPF as a percent of energy by the urbanization level. As a percent of grams, MPF increased and UPF decreased with a higher urbanization level. After adjustment for sex, age, race and Hispanic origin, and income, only the trend in the percent of grams from MPF remained. Among adults, as both a percent of energy and a percent of grams, MPF increased and UPF decreased with higher urbanization levels. These trends remained significant after adjustment for covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Adults in rural areas consumed more UPF and less MPF than those in urban areas in terms of both energy and grams. There were a few significant differences by urbanization among youth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 1","pages":"Article 101093"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145330901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthful dietary patterns and risks of microvascular complications among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study","authors":"Ruyi Li ,&nbsp;Kun Xu ,&nbsp;Kai Zhu ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Shufan Tian ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Danpei Li ,&nbsp;Youqiao Liao ,&nbsp;Tingting Geng ,&nbsp;Yunfei Liao ,&nbsp;Kun Yang ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Yu ,&nbsp;An Pan ,&nbsp;Gang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diet plays a key role in diabetes management; however, evidence on healthful dietary patterns and diabetic microvascular complications is scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate and compare associations of 8 healthful dietary pattern scores with risks of diabetic microvascular complications and explore the mediating role of circulating biomarkers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective cohort study included 6119 participants with type 2 diabetes from the UK Biobank. Dietary pattern scores were assessed based on 24-h dietary questionnaires. Diabetic kidney diseases (DKDs), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and diabetic neuropathy (DN) were identified via electronic health records. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated using multivariable-adjusted Cox models. Stratified analyses were performed by age group, sex, obesity status, and various medical conditions. Mediation analyses assessed the potential mediating role of 23 circulating biomarkers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a median follow-up of 9.9 y, higher healthful dietary patterns scores were associated with lower risk of DKD, with healthful plant-based index (HPDI) demonstrating the strongest association [HR (95% CI) for highest compared with lowest quintile: 0.55 (0.43, 0.70)]. Moreover, when compared with the same reference group, HPDI remained the top-ranked dietary pattern that was strongly associated with the risk of DKD. Among 8 dietary patterns, only HPDI was associated with lower risks of DR and DN [HR (95% CI) for highest compared with lowest quintile: 0.74 (0.58, 0.96) and 0.61 (0.39, 0.95)]. Furthermore, cystatin C and C-reactive protein play a primary mediating role in these associations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher healthful dietary pattern scores were associated with lower risk of DKD, whereas inverse associations with risks of DR and DN were mainly observed for HPDI. These associations were mainly mediated through pathways relating to renal function and inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 1","pages":"Article 101088"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Queries and Comment to the Article by Ichikawa et al.","authors":"Masato Takeuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 1","pages":"Article 101111"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145876755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sweet Tooth Trial: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effects of A 6-Month Low, Regular, or High Dietary Sweet Taste Exposure on Sweet Taste Liking, and Various Outcomes Related to Food Intake and Weight Status","authors":"Eva M Čad ,&nbsp;Monica Mars ,&nbsp;Leoné Pretorius ,&nbsp;Merel van der Kruijssen ,&nbsp;Claudia S Tang ,&nbsp;Hanne BT de Jong ,&nbsp;Michiel Balvers ,&nbsp;Katherine M Appleton ,&nbsp;Kees de Graaf","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.09.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.09.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Public health organizations currently recommend lowering the consumption of sweet-tasting foods, on the assumption that a lower exposure to sweet-tasting foods lowers preferences for sweet taste, decreasing sugar and energy intake, and aiding obesity prevention. However, empirical data supporting this narrative are lacking.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a 6-mo low, regular, and high dietary sweet taste exposure on liking for sweet taste.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a parallel-groups randomized controlled intervention study, 180 healthy adults (female/male: 123/57; aged: 35 ± 15 y; body mass index (in kg/m²): 23 ± 3) were provided with dietary advice and ∼50% daily energy needs for 6 mo, where 7% (low sweet taste exposure, <em>n</em> = 61), 35% (regular sweet taste exposure, <em>n</em> = 60), or 80% (high sweet taste exposure, <em>n</em> = 59) provided foods and beverages were sweet tasting from sugars, low-calorie sweeteners, fruits and dairy. Before, at 6 mo, and at a 4-mo follow-up, sweet taste liking, sweet taste intensity perception, food choice, energy intake, body weight, markers for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and adverse events were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sweet food consumption varied between groups over the intervention period (self-reported dietary measures (percentage energy, percentage weight): smallest χ²(16) = 59.4, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001; urinary markers for sucrose, sucralose, and saccharin: smallest χ²(10) = 21.0, <em>P</em> = 0.02). However, from baseline to month 6, no differences between groups were found in sweet taste liking ( χ²(40) = 37.9, <em>P</em> = 0.56), sweet taste intensity perception (χ²(40) = 20.7, <em>P</em> = 0.99), sweet food choice (χ²(10) = 10.1, <em>P</em> = 0.43), energy intake (χ²(10) = 12.7, <em>P</em> = 0.24), body weight (χ²(10) = 14.3, <em>P</em> = 0.16), markers for diabetes and cardiovascular disease (largest χ²(10) = 15.9, <em>P</em> = 0.10) or adverse events. After the intervention, participants also spontaneously returned to baseline levels of sweet food intake.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In the current trial, altering exposure to sweet-tasting foods did not change sweet taste liking, nor other outcomes. These results do not support public health advice to reduce exposure to sweet-tasting foods, independent of other relevant factors such as energy density and food form.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT04497974.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 1","pages":"Article 101073"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145876758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human milk composition is associated with maternal overweight/obesity and low milk supply, with implications for infant weight outcomes: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Xuehua Jin ,&nbsp;Ashleigh H Warden ,&nbsp;Ching Tat Lai ,&nbsp;Sharon L Perrella ,&nbsp;Jacki L McEachran ,&nbsp;Nicolas L Taylor ,&nbsp;Zoya Gridneva ,&nbsp;Donna T Geddes","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Low milk supply (LMS) is a major barrier to exclusive and continued lactation. Maternal factors such as overweight/obesity (OW) and gestational diabetes mellitus may contribute to LMS and alter human milk (HM) composition, affecting infant growth.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This cross-sectional study examined associations of HM components with LMS and maternal factors, and relationships between infant milk intake and weight outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-four-hour milk production was measured at 1–6 mo postpartum using the test-weigh method. HM samples, demographic, obstetric, and infant data were collected from 225 participants. Macronutrients (fat, protein, lactose, and glucose) and hormones (estrone, estradiol, progesterone, leptin, adiponectin, and insulin) were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Maternal OW was associated with higher concentrations of HM fat [<em>β</em> = 5.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.5 × 10⁻³, 10.4], leptin (<em>β</em> = 197.4; 95% CI: 125.8, 269.1), insulin (<em>β</em> = 5.9; 95% CI: 2.5, 9.2), and higher infant intake of leptin (<em>β</em> = 135.9; 95% CI: 86.3, 185.4) and insulin (<em>β</em> = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.3, 5.0). In the LMS group, despite higher concentrations of HM protein, lactose, insulin, estrone, and progesterone, infant total intakes of fat (<em>β</em> = −9.5; 95% CI: −1.4, −5.4), carbohydrates (<em>β</em> = −6.0; 95% CI: −10.2, −1.8), estrone (<em>β</em> = −9.9; 95% CI: −14.5, −5.4), estradiol (<em>β</em> = −3.5; 95% CI: −5.1, −1.9), leptin (<em>β</em> = −55.9; 95% CI: −109.0, −2.7), and adiponectin (<em>β</em> = −3.9; 95% CI: −6.0, −1.7) were lower. Additionally, infant carbohydrates (<em>β</em> = 11.5 × 10⁻³; 95% CI: 4.6 × 10⁻³, 18.4 × 10⁻³), energy (<em>β</em> = 1.0 × 10⁻³; 95% CI: 0.3 × 10⁻³, 1.6 × 10⁻³), and 24-h total intakes (<em>β</em> = 1.7 × 10⁻³; 95% CI: 1.1 × 10⁻³, 2.4 × 10⁻³) were positively associated with infant weight-for-age <em>z</em>-score.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Maternal OW influences HM composition and infant milk intake. LMS impacts infant weight gain by limiting milk volume, underscoring the importance of timely LMS detection to ensure adequate infant nutrition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 1","pages":"Article 101098"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145514675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma fatty acids and the likelihood of healthy aging: a prospective cohort study","authors":"Jie-Qiong Lyu ,&nbsp;Meng-Yuan Miao ,&nbsp;Fei Fang ,&nbsp;Xiu-Ying Cai ,&nbsp;Zhong-Yue Liu ,&nbsp;Yu-Wen Qian ,&nbsp;Ji-Mei Gu ,&nbsp;Jing Yang ,&nbsp;Li-Qiang Qin ,&nbsp;Chenglin Song ,&nbsp;Qi Fang ,&nbsp;Guo-Chong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although circulating fatty acids (FAs) are associated with the development of major chronic diseases (MCDs), their relationships with healthy longevity remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study aims to examine the relationships between specific plasma FAs and the odds of healthy aging.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective cohort study included 15,333 participants aged 64 y or older who were free of MCDs at baseline. Exposures were relative levels of different FAs (% total FAs) in the plasma. The primary outcome was healthy aging, defined as survival to age 80 without developing MCDs during the follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of healthy aging associated with specific FAs. Causal mediation analyses were conducted on biomarkers related to age acceleration or several other biological pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 9291 participants achieved healthy aging. Saturated or monounsaturated FAs were not associated with healthy aging. Relatively higher levels of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) were associated with higher odds of healthy aging (OR comparing the extreme quartiles: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.68; <em>P</em>-trend &lt; 0.001), with similar associations for n-3 PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), non-DHA n-3 PUFAs, and linoleic acid (LA), but not non-LA n-6 PUFAs, were positively associated with the odds of healthy aging. A higher ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs was associated with lower odds of healthy aging (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.97). Six biomarkers were identified as significant mediators for the above associations, with age acceleration explaining 16.1% and 37.4% of the relationships of n-3 PUFAs and n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio with healthy aging, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Relatively higher levels of plasma PUFAs, including n-3 PUFAs (both DHA and the non-DHA components) and n-6 PUFAs (LA but not the non-LA components), are associated with higher odds of healthy aging, potentially through retarding the biological aging processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 1","pages":"Article 101109"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145490840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype-informed magnesium supplementation and rectal-niche microbial shifts: clarifying multiplicity, compositionality, and local vitamin D biology","authors":"Aiyu Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 1","pages":"Article 101101"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental enteric dysfunction, systemic inflammation, growth hormones, and linear growth in infants in western Kenya: a prospective observational cohort study","authors":"Mary Iwaret Otiti ,&nbsp;James Dodd ,&nbsp;Alloys K’Oloo ,&nbsp;Micah June ,&nbsp;Miriam Chomba ,&nbsp;Duolao Wang ,&nbsp;Kephas Otieno ,&nbsp;Simon Kariuki ,&nbsp;Feiko Ter Kuile ,&nbsp;Stephen Allen","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Environmental enteric dysfunction is associated with chronic systemic inflammation that results in growth hormone resistance and impaired growth although associations differ between settings.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to describe the time of onset and progression of intestinal pathology and explore associations between biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction, systemic inflammation, growth hormones, and linear growth in infants in western Kenya.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this prospective, observational cohort study, analysis is limited to infants recruited to the control arm (no intervention) of the PROSYNK trial between 28 October, 2020, and 13 January, 2022. Biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction, systemic inflammation, growth hormones, and infant length were measured at 6 wk and 3, 6, and 12 mo. Associations between biomarkers, growth hormones, and linear growth between time points were explored.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 149 infants at age 6 wk, fecal myeloperoxidase (a biomarker of intestinal inflammation) was raised (≥0.2 mg/dL) in 47 of 143 (32.9%) and fecal α₁-antitrypsin (intestinal permeability; ≥26.8 mg/dL) in 26 of 142 (18.3%) infants. Chronic systemic inflammation (plasma α₁-acid glycoprotein, &gt;1 g/dL) occurred from age 3 mo (33/140 infants; 23.6%). Once detected, intestinal inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, and chronic systemic inflammation persisted in most infants. Fecal myeloperoxidase, fecal α₁-antitrypsin, and plasma intestinal fatty acid–binding protein (intestinal integrity) were significantly positively associated with chronic systemic inflammation at some time points. Chronic systemic inflammation was significantly negatively associated with insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 3 at 3, 6, and 12 mo. In multiple regression analysis, fecal α₁-antitrypsin at age 6 mo was negatively associated with subsequent change in length-for-age <em>z</em>-score (<em>n</em> = 124; coefficient: −0.32; 95% CI: −0.50, −0.13; <em>P</em> = 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Targeting young infants with environmental enteric dysfunction, and especially increased gut permeability, may prevent or ameliorate chronic systemic inflammation and improve growth and development in infants in western Kenya.</div><div>The PROSYNK trial was registered at the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (<span><span>https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) as PACTR202003893276712 (<span><span>https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=9798</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 1","pages":"Article 101095"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145514669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of hemoglobin measurements from venous and capillary blood from the same individual using HemoCue 301 and automated hematology analyzer in a cross-sectional community-based study in India","authors":"V Sudhakar Reddy ,&nbsp;Samarasimha N Reddy ,&nbsp;Hemant Mahajan ,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Ramanujam ,&nbsp;G Bhanuprakash Reddy ,&nbsp;Jagajeevan Babu Geddam ,&nbsp;Challa Sairam ,&nbsp;Mahesh Kumar Mummadi ,&nbsp;Jayachandra Kadiyam ,&nbsp;Venkata Raji G Reddy ,&nbsp;Sai Santhosh V ,&nbsp;Jayaprakash Ithadi ,&nbsp;Shyam Sunder Katha ,&nbsp;Rajitha Triveni","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accurate measurement of hemoglobin (Hb) is essential for diagnosing anemia, a widespread public health concern. Automated hematology analyzer (AHA) offers high accuracy using venous blood, whereas HemoCue (HC) 301 provides rapid point-of-care (POC) results often from capillary samples. Differences between capillary and venous blood can influence Hb values, impacting anemia prevalence estimates and public health policies.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We compared Hb measurements from venous and capillary blood using the HC 301 [venous blood Hb analyzed by HC 301 (HC-V) and capillary blood Hb analyzed by HC 301 (HC-C)] with the reference method of venous blood analysis using the AHA (AHA-V) in the same participant.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Venous and capillary blood samples were collected in a community-based cross-sectional survey conducted in Kamrup Metro district, Assam, India, from 837 participants. The study covered all age and sex groups, including 2–5 y children, 6–9 y, 10–19 y, 20–59 y adults, and ≥60 y. Hb concentration was measured using the HC 301 (HC-C and HC-V) and AHA (AHA-V). Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by comparing the HC 301 (HC-C and HC-V) with the AHA (AHA-V). Hb values were compared using a paired <em>t</em> test, anemia prevalence with McNemar’s test, and method agreement through weighted κ, Lin’s concordance coefficient, and Bland–Altman plots.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean Hb difference among all age groups (<em>n</em> = 837) was 0.46 g/dL (AHA-V compared with HC-C), 0.59 g/dL (HC-V compared with HC-C), and −0.13 g/dL (AHA-V compared with HC-V), respectively. Anemia prevalence was highest with HC-C [71.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 67.9%, 74.1%] compared with AHA-V (58.9%, 95% CI: 55.5%, 62.2%) and HC-V (55.2%, 95% CI: 51.7%, 58.6%). κ agreement was weaker between AHA-V and HC-C (κ = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.65) for all age groups but stronger for AHA-V and HC-V (κ = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.91).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>HC-C showed higher anemia prevalence and weaker agreement compared with AHA-V, indicating potential overestimation. Anemia prevalence estimated through capillary blood using POC devices in large-scale public health surveys needs cautious interpretation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 1","pages":"Article 101119"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145574490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steps toward better understanding the role of dietary intake on development of complications in people with type 2 diabetes","authors":"Daniel B Ibsen","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 1","pages":"Article 101104"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}