American Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Reply to DS Ludwig et al.","authors":"Kevin D Hall, Christina M Sciarrillo, Juen Guo, Aaron Hengist, Valerie L Darcey","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Page 181"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fatal threat of carryover effects to the validity of crossover dietary trials","authors":"David S Ludwig , Walter C Willett , Mary E Putt","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 179-180"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 182-188"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143301182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of dietary choline intake with incidence of dementia, Alzheimer disease, and mild cognitive impairment: a large population-based prospective cohort study","authors":"Ying-ying Niu ,&nbsp;Hao-yu Yan ,&nbsp;Jian-feng Zhong ,&nbsp;Zhi-quan Diao ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Cheng-ping Li ,&nbsp;Lian-hong Chen ,&nbsp;Wen-qi Huang ,&nbsp;Miao Xu ,&nbsp;Zhi-tong Xu ,&nbsp;Xiao-feng Liang ,&nbsp;Zhi-hao Li ,&nbsp;Dan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Choline, an essential nutrient, plays a critical role in cognition, and may help prevent dementia and mild cognitive impairment. However, studies on dietary choline and its derivatives for preventing these conditions are limited and inconsistent.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study was to explore the associations between dietary choline intake and the incidence of dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and current cognitive performance in the United Kingdom Biobank cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dietary choline intake was categorized into quartiles of consumption based on 24-h dietary recalls, with units expressed as milligrams per day. Diagnoses of dementia, AD, and MCI were identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9/10) codes. Current cognitive performance was assessed via the computerized touchscreen interface. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, dietary and lifestyle behaviors, and comorbid conditions, Cox proportional hazards regression, logistic regression, and restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the association between choline intake and dementia or cognitive performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 125,594 participants (55.8% female), with a mean age of 56.1 y (range: 40–70 years) at baseline and a median follow-up of 11.8 y, 1103 cases of dementia (including 385 AD and 87 cases of MCI) were recorded. U-shaped associations were observed between choline intake and dementia and AD. Participants in the 2nd quartile of total choline intake had lower risks than those in the lowest quartile, with HR of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.96) for dementia and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.58, 1.00) for AD. Moderate intake of choline derivative, including free choline (HR, 0.77; 95%CI, 0.65, 0.92), phosphatidylcholine (HR 0.82; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.98), sphingomyelin (HR 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.98) and glycerophosphocholine (HR 0.83; 95% CI: 0.70, 1.00), were associated with a 17%–23% lower odds of dementia. Additionally, moderate total choline intake was associated with an 8%–13% lower odds of poor cognitive performance in visual attention (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.99), fluid intelligence (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.92), and complex processing speed (OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.95).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In conclusion, our findings suggest that moderate dietary choline intake, ranging from 332.89 mg/d to 353.93 mg/d, is associated with lower odds of dementia and better cognitive performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imprecision nutrition? Intraindividual variability of glucose responses to duplicate presented meals in adults without diabetes","authors":"Aaron Hengist,&nbsp;Jude Anthony Ong,&nbsp;Katherine McNeel,&nbsp;Juen Guo,&nbsp;Kevin D Hall","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) are used to characterize postprandial glucose responses and provide personalized dietary advice to minimize glucose excursions. The efficacy of such advice depends on reliable glucose responses.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore within-subject variability of CGM responses to duplicate presented meals in an inpatient setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>CGM data were collected from two inpatient feeding studies in 30 participants without diabetes, capturing 1189 responses to duplicate meals presented ∼1 wk apart from four dietary patterns. One study used two different CGMs (Abbott Freestyle Libre Pro and Dexcom G4 Platinum) whereas the other study used only Dexcom. We calculated the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose for each 2-h postmeal period and compared within-subject, within-CGM responses to duplicate presented meals using linear correlations, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland–Altman analyses. Individual variability of interstitial glucose responses to duplicate meals were also compared with different meals using standard deviations (SDs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were weak-to-moderate positive linear correlations between within-subject iAUCs for duplicate meals [Abbott <em>r</em> = 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38, 0.54, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.0001 and Dexcom <em>r =</em> 0.45, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.50, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.0001], with low within-participant reliability indicated by ICC (Abbott 0.28, Dexcom 0.17). Bland–Altman analyses indicated wide limits of agreement (LoA) (Abbott −29.8 to 28.4 mg/dL and Dexcom −29.4 to 32.1 mg/dL) but small bias of mean iAUCs for duplicate meals (Abbott −0.7 mg/dL and Dexcom 1.3 mg/dL). The individual variability of interstitial glucose responses to duplicate meals was similar to that of different meals evaluated each diet week for both Abbott [SD_week1 11.7 mg/dL (compared with duplicate <em>P =</em> 0.01), SD_week2 10.6 mg/dL (<em>P =</em> 0.43), and SD_duplicate 10.1 mg/dL] and Dexcom [SD_week1 10.9 mg/dL (<em>P =</em> 0.62), SD_week2 11.0 mg/dL (<em>P =</em> 0.73), and SD_duplicate 11.2 mg/dL].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Individual postprandial CGM responses to duplicate meals were highly variable in adults without diabetes. Personalized diet advice on the basis of CGM measurements requires more reliable methods involving aggregated repeated measurements.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT03407053 and NCT03878108.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 74-82"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability and reproducibility of systematic reviews informing the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: a pilot study","authors":"Alexandra M Bodnaruc ,&nbsp;Hassan Khan ,&nbsp;Nicole Shaver ,&nbsp;Alexandria Bennett ,&nbsp;Yiu Lin Wong ,&nbsp;Catherine Gracey ,&nbsp;Valentina Ly ,&nbsp;Beverley Shea ,&nbsp;Julian Little ,&nbsp;Melissa Brouwers ,&nbsp;Dennis Bier ,&nbsp;David Moher","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although high-quality nutrition systematic reviews (SRs) are important for clinical decision making, there remains debate on their methodological quality and reporting transparency.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to assess the reliability and reproducibility of a sample of SRs produced by the Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) team to inform the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We evaluated a sample of 8 SRs from the DGA dietary patterns subcommittee for methodological quality using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) tool and for reporting transparency using the PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA literature search extension (PRISMA-S) checklists. We assessed the quality and reproducibility of the original search strategy of one selected SR using the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies checklist. The reporting transparency of the SR’s narrative data synthesis was assessed using the Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) checklist. Interpretation bias was evaluated using existing spin bias classifications in systematic reviews.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The AMSTAR 2 assessment identified critical methodological weaknesses, and all included SRs were judged to be of critically low quality. Overall, 74% of the PRISMA 2020 checklist items and 63% of the PRISMA-S checklist items were satisfactorily fulfilled. We identified several errors and inconsistencies in the search strategy and could not reproduce searches within a 10% margin of the original results. The SWiM assessment identified concerns regarding the reporting transparency of the narrative data synthesis, but the spin bias assessment revealed no evidence of interpretation bias.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Several methodological quality and reporting concerns were identified, which could lead to reliability and reproducibility issues should a full reproduction attempt be made. However, additional research is needed to confirm the impact of these findings on conclusions statements and their generalizability across the NESR team SRs.</div><div>This study was registered in the Open Science Framework (<span><span>https://osf.io/ns6a9/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 111-124"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11747194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between dietary fibers and gut microbiome composition in the EDIA longitudinal infant cohort","authors":"Marianne K Lalli ,&nbsp;Tuuli EI Salo ,&nbsp;Leena Hakola ,&nbsp;Mikael Knip ,&nbsp;Suvi M Virtanen ,&nbsp;Tommi Vatanen","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The infant gut microbiome undergoes rapid changes in the first year of life, supporting normal development and long-term health. Although diet shapes this process, the role of fibers in complementary foods on gut microbiome maturation is poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We explored how the transition from human milk to fibers in complementary foods shapes the taxonomic and functional maturation of the gut microbiome within the first year of life.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We assessed the longitudinal and cross-sectional development of infant gut microbiomes (<em>N</em> = 68 infants) and metabolomes (<em>N</em> = 33 infants) using linear mixed models to uncover their associations to dietary fibers and their food sources. Fiber intakes were assessed with 3-d food records (months 3, 6, 9, and 12) relying on CODEX-compliant fiber fraction values, and questionnaires tracked the overall complementary food introduction. Bacterial species were identified and quantified via MetaPhlAn2 from metagenomic data, and metabolomic profiles were obtained using 4 LC-MS methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 176 complementary food fiber-bacterial species associations. First plant-based fibers associated with microbiota compositions similar to breastfeeding, and further associated with aromatic amino acid-derived metabolites, including 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (total dietary fiber – complementary foods (g) – β = 3.50, CI: 2.48, 4.52, <em>P</em> = 6.53 × 10^–5). Distinct fibers from different food categories showed unique associations with specific bacterial taxa. Key species, such as <em>Faecalibacterium prausnitznii</em>, associated with oat fibers (g/MJ, β = 2.18, confidence interval: 1.36, 2.84, <em>P</em> = 6.12 × 10^–6), reflective of maturing microbial communities. Fiber intake during weaning associated with shifts in metabolite profiles, including immunomodulatory metabolites, with fiber effects observed in a source- and timing-dependent manner, implicated in gradual microbiome diversification.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Introducing complementary dietary fibers during the weaning period supports gut microbiome diversification and stabilization. Even minor dietary variations shows significant associations with microbial taxa and functions from the onset of weaning, highlighting the importance of infant dietary recommendations that support the gut microbiome maturation during early life.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as registration number NCT01735123.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 83-99"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11747200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dietary Guidelines for Americans—is the evidence bar too low or too high?","authors":"Dariush Mozaffarian","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized nutrition by prediction of glycemic responses: garbage in → garbage out","authors":"Thomas MS Wolever","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adulthood dietary and lifestyle patterns and risk of breast cancer: Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review","authors":"Jadwiga Konieczna ,&nbsp;Alice Chaplin ,&nbsp;Indira Paz-Graniel ,&nbsp;Helen Croker ,&nbsp;Nerea Becerra-Tomás ,&nbsp;Georgios Markozannes ,&nbsp;Konstantinos K Tsilidis ,&nbsp;Laure Dossus ,&nbsp;Esther M Gonzalez-Gil ,&nbsp;Yikyung Park ,&nbsp;John Krebs ,&nbsp;Matty P Weijenberg ,&nbsp;Monica L Baskin ,&nbsp;Ellen Copson ,&nbsp;Sarah J Lewis ,&nbsp;Jacob C Seidell ,&nbsp;Rajiv Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Lynette Hill ,&nbsp;Doris SM Chan ,&nbsp;Dora Romaguera","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>An increasing number of studies in recent years investigate various dietary and lifestyle patterns and associated breast cancer (BC) risk.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to comprehensively synthesize and grade the evidence on dietary and lifestyle patterns and BC risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Databases were systematically searched up to 31 March, 2022, for evidence from randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies on adherence to a dietary pattern alone or in combination with lifestyle behaviors and incidence of or mortality from primary BC in adult females. Findings in all, premenopausal, and postmenopausal females were descriptively synthesized instead of meta-analyzed due to patterns heterogeneity. An independent Global Cancer Update Programme Expert Panel graded the strength of the evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 84 publications were included. Results for patterns reflecting both a healthy diet and lifestyle were more consistent than for patterns that included diet only. There was strong-probable evidence that a priori World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) and American Cancer Society (ACS) dietary and lifestyle scores may reduce BC risk in all and postmenopausal females, whereas in premenopausal females, less evidence was found contributing to limited-suggestive grade. There was also a limited-suggestive evidence that adherence to the Healthy Lifestyle Index and other diet and lifestyle scores may reduce BC risk in postmenopausal females; a posteriori Western/Meat/Alcohol dietary patterns may increase BC risk in postmenopausal females; and Prudent/Vegetarian/Mediterranean dietary patterns may reduce BC risk in all females. For the remaining patterns, evidence was graded as limited-no conclusions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Advice to adopt combined aspects of a healthy diet and lifestyle according to WCRF/AICR and ACS scores, encouraging a healthy weight, physical activity, alcohol and smoking avoidance, and a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, (whole)grains and cereals and discouraging red and processed meat, can be proposed to females to lower BC risk.</div><div>This review was registered at PROSPERO as ID CRD42021270129 (<span><span>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021270129</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) on 28 August, 2021, and further updated on 4 May, 2022, in order to extend the search period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 14-31"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11747198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}