Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2534
R. E. Herrera-Medina, G. Álvarez-Fuentes, C. Contreras-Servín, Juan Carlos García-López
The mite Varroa destructor is one of the greatest threats to the apiculture sector worldwide. Generation of knowledge on its behavior and of the factors that favor its development under different environmental conditions, as well as the level of influence of these factors, is essential to the development of strategies for integral management of the mite. With the objective of analyzing the interaction between the variables of Apis mellifera colony strength and the percentage of V. destructor infestation, a group of 40 beehives were monitored during two flowering seasons, spring and summer-fall, in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The variables were analyzed using the Pearson correlation analysis as well as an analysis of variance with repeated measures in time (p ≤ 0.05). The level of V. destructor infestation was significantly related to the quantity of honey (+0.58) and pollen (+0.62) reserves and negatively correlated with hygienic behavior (-0.65). The percentage of V. destructor infestation in spring was not significantly different from that in summer-fall, while the quantity of food (honey and pollen) reserves in spring were statistically superior as of the second half of the season. Hygienic behavior had statistical differences only at the beginning of the flowering seasons; it was superior in summer-fall. However, this difference was not maintained over time.
{"title":"Varroa destructor: ITS INTERACTION WITH Apis mellifera COLONY STRENGTH IN TWO LOCALITIES OF SAN LUIS POTOSÍ, MEXICO","authors":"R. E. Herrera-Medina, G. Álvarez-Fuentes, C. Contreras-Servín, Juan Carlos García-López","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2534","url":null,"abstract":"The mite Varroa destructor is one of the greatest threats to the apiculture sector worldwide. Generation of knowledge on its behavior and of the factors that favor its development under different environmental conditions, as well as the level of influence of these factors, is essential to the development of strategies for integral management of the mite. With the objective of analyzing the interaction between the variables of Apis mellifera colony strength and the percentage of V. destructor infestation, a group of 40 beehives were monitored during two flowering seasons, spring and summer-fall, in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The variables were analyzed using the Pearson correlation analysis as well as an analysis of variance with repeated measures in time (p ≤ 0.05). The level of V. destructor infestation was significantly related to the quantity of honey (+0.58) and pollen (+0.62) reserves and negatively correlated with hygienic behavior (-0.65). The percentage of V. destructor infestation in spring was not significantly different from that in summer-fall, while the quantity of food (honey and pollen) reserves in spring were statistically superior as of the second half of the season. Hygienic behavior had statistical differences only at the beginning of the flowering seasons; it was superior in summer-fall. However, this difference was not maintained over time.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87773412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2967
Víctor Hugo Carbajal-Vázquez, Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino, Gabriel Alcántar-González, José Andrés Herrera-Corredor, Adriana Contreras-Oliva, Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a glycophyte species with medium sensitivity to salts, tolerating electrical conductivity values in the soil solution of up to 2.5 dS m-1. Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element that can act as an inorganic biostimulant in plants subjected to salinity. In this research, the main effects of two study factors were evaluated: a) salinity by NaCl (0, 50, and 100 mM) in the nutrient solution and b) biostimulation by Si, applied to the leaves (0, 75, and 150 mg L-1), as well as the interaction of both factors on yield and quality in fruits of the second cluster of tomato plants cv. Río Supremo grown hydroponically under greenhouse conditions. Yield was significantly reduced in the saline treatments, and was not affected by the application of silicon. Compared with the control, the NaCl concentrations evaluated reduced the fruit pH value by 6.2 %, but increased titratable acidity (TA) by 64.8 %, electrical conductivity (EC) by 72.9 %, and total soluble solids (TSS) by 80 %. Consequently, the NaCl treatments increased the TSS/TA ratio, compared to the control. The application of 75 mg Si L-1 through the leaves reduced the pH of the fruit by 0.6 %, while the dose of 150 mg Si L-1 increased the EC and the TSS/TA ratio in fruits. In plants treated with 50 mM NaCl and with both doses of Si, an increase in fruit pH was recorded, while treatments with 100 mM NaCl with both doses of Si significantly reduced the TA values. The TSS/TA ratio increased with both doses of Si in the treatments with 100 mM NaCl. It is concluded that the combination of saline treatments with silicon can improve some quality attributes of tomato cv. Río Supremo fruits.
番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)是一种对盐具有中等敏感性的糖叶植物，在土壤溶液中可耐受高达2.5 dS m-1的电导率值。硅(Si)是一种有益的元素，可以作为一种无机生物刺激素在植物受盐度。本研究评价了两个研究因子的主要影响:a)营养液中NaCl(0、50和100 mM)的盐度和b)叶片上Si(0、75和150 mg L-1)的生物刺激，以及这两个因子对第二丛番茄果实产量和品质的相互作用。Río supermo在温室条件下水培生长。在盐水处理下，产量显著降低，且不受施用硅的影响。与对照相比，NaCl处理使果实pH值降低6.2%，可滴定酸度(TA)提高64.8%，电导率(EC)提高72.9%，总可溶性固形物(TSS)提高80%。因此，与对照相比，NaCl处理提高了TSS/TA比率。通过叶片施用75 mg Si -1可使果实pH值降低0.6%，而150 mg Si -1可提高果实的EC和TSS/TA比值。在50 mM NaCl和两种Si处理下，果实pH值升高，而在100 mM NaCl和两种Si处理下，TA值显著降低。在100 mM NaCl处理下，TSS/TA比值随Si处理的增加而增加。综上所述，生理盐水与硅相结合处理能改善番茄的某些品质属性。Río超级水果。
{"title":"SODIUM CHLORIDE AND SILICON AFFECT YIELD AND QUALITY OF TOMATO FRUITS","authors":"Víctor Hugo Carbajal-Vázquez, Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino, Gabriel Alcántar-González, José Andrés Herrera-Corredor, Adriana Contreras-Oliva, Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2967","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a glycophyte species with medium sensitivity to salts, tolerating electrical conductivity values in the soil solution of up to 2.5 dS m-1. Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element that can act as an inorganic biostimulant in plants subjected to salinity. In this research, the main effects of two study factors were evaluated: a) salinity by NaCl (0, 50, and 100 mM) in the nutrient solution and b) biostimulation by Si, applied to the leaves (0, 75, and 150 mg L-1), as well as the interaction of both factors on yield and quality in fruits of the second cluster of tomato plants cv. Río Supremo grown hydroponically under greenhouse conditions. Yield was significantly reduced in the saline treatments, and was not affected by the application of silicon. Compared with the control, the NaCl concentrations evaluated reduced the fruit pH value by 6.2 %, but increased titratable acidity (TA) by 64.8 %, electrical conductivity (EC) by 72.9 %, and total soluble solids (TSS) by 80 %. Consequently, the NaCl treatments increased the TSS/TA ratio, compared to the control. The application of 75 mg Si L-1 through the leaves reduced the pH of the fruit by 0.6 %, while the dose of 150 mg Si L-1 increased the EC and the TSS/TA ratio in fruits. In plants treated with 50 mM NaCl and with both doses of Si, an increase in fruit pH was recorded, while treatments with 100 mM NaCl with both doses of Si significantly reduced the TA values. The TSS/TA ratio increased with both doses of Si in the treatments with 100 mM NaCl. It is concluded that the combination of saline treatments with silicon can improve some quality attributes of tomato cv. Río Supremo fruits.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135572926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2686
A. Higuchi, Rocío Maehara, R. Merino, Franklin Ibáñez, María Matilde Schwalb
The global showcase for the promotion of the Andean grain quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) resulted in a rapid increase in international demand, which has had a direct impact on Peruvian food safety. The excessive use of pesticides results in high levels of pesticide residues in food, causing both environmental and health problems in the population. The objective of this article was to analyze if residues of internationally banned pesticides were present in the quinoa consumed by Peruvians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Twenty-seven different brands of packed white quinoa (10 sold as organically certified and 17 sold as conventional) were purchased in various supermarkets and bio-shops across metropolitan Lima on January 26, 2021. The pesticide residues in the samples were determined in a laboratory. The study found that Peruvian quinoa not only contained residues of internationally banned pesticides, but also had levels that exceed the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by the European Union. For consumer safety, it is important that the government make the proposed regulations regarding hazardous pesticides clear to the public.
{"title":"PRESENCE OF INTERNATIONALLY BANNED PESTICIDES IN DOMESTIC PERUVIAN QUINOA DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"A. Higuchi, Rocío Maehara, R. Merino, Franklin Ibáñez, María Matilde Schwalb","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2686","url":null,"abstract":"The global showcase for the promotion of the Andean grain quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) resulted in a rapid increase in international demand, which has had a direct impact on Peruvian food safety. The excessive use of pesticides results in high levels of pesticide residues in food, causing both environmental and health problems in the population. The objective of this article was to analyze if residues of internationally banned pesticides were present in the quinoa consumed by Peruvians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Twenty-seven different brands of packed white quinoa (10 sold as organically certified and 17 sold as conventional) were purchased in various supermarkets and bio-shops across metropolitan Lima on January 26, 2021. The pesticide residues in the samples were determined in a laboratory. The study found that Peruvian quinoa not only contained residues of internationally banned pesticides, but also had levels that exceed the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by the European Union. For consumer safety, it is important that the government make the proposed regulations regarding hazardous pesticides clear to the public.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83212978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2917
Jacinto Efrén Ramírez-Bribiesca, Jose Carlos López-Ojeda, Ramón Robles-Soriano, Serafín Jacobo López-Garrido
The Mixteca region of Oaxaca, Mexico, is characterized by extensive grazing of various grasses, shrubs, and trees to raise goats. The objective of this study was to identify and determine the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the species consumed by goats in the Mixteca region of Oaxaca. The direct observation method was used to collect forage from the species during the rainy (August-September) and dry (April-May) seasons. A botanical collection was made for later identification. The variables considered were the season (rainy, dry) and growth habit (tree, shrub, herbaceous, pod) as treatments. The chemical composition values were analyzed with a completely randomized experimental design. A total of 116 species were identified, of which 74 % were found in the rainy season and 26 % in the dry season. By growth habit, 42 % were trees, 34 % shrubs, and 24 % herbaceous. In addition, 11 % of the total species provided pods that goats consumed. The Fabaceae family was the most represented. Regarding chemical composition, the NDF content of the species was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the rainy season. By growth habit, the highest values obtained (p ≤ 0.05) for DM were in herbaceous and pods; for OM, in pods; for NDF, in pods and trees; and for IVDMD, in trees, shrubs, and pods. The goat livestock of the Mixteca region in Oaxaca has an important ecological niche. The evaluated species maintain a variable chemical composition between the rainy and dry seasons.
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FORAGE RESOURCES CONSUMED BY GOATS IN THE MIXTECA REGION OF OAXACA, MEXICO","authors":"Jacinto Efrén Ramírez-Bribiesca, Jose Carlos López-Ojeda, Ramón Robles-Soriano, Serafín Jacobo López-Garrido","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2917","url":null,"abstract":"The Mixteca region of Oaxaca, Mexico, is characterized by extensive grazing of various grasses, shrubs, and trees to raise goats. The objective of this study was to identify and determine the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the species consumed by goats in the Mixteca region of Oaxaca. The direct observation method was used to collect forage from the species during the rainy (August-September) and dry (April-May) seasons. A botanical collection was made for later identification. The variables considered were the season (rainy, dry) and growth habit (tree, shrub, herbaceous, pod) as treatments. The chemical composition values were analyzed with a completely randomized experimental design. A total of 116 species were identified, of which 74 % were found in the rainy season and 26 % in the dry season. By growth habit, 42 % were trees, 34 % shrubs, and 24 % herbaceous. In addition, 11 % of the total species provided pods that goats consumed. The Fabaceae family was the most represented. Regarding chemical composition, the NDF content of the species was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the rainy season. By growth habit, the highest values obtained (p ≤ 0.05) for DM were in herbaceous and pods; for OM, in pods; for NDF, in pods and trees; and for IVDMD, in trees, shrubs, and pods. The goat livestock of the Mixteca region in Oaxaca has an important ecological niche. The evaluated species maintain a variable chemical composition between the rainy and dry seasons.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135663552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2581
Joel Ventura-Ríos, Adelaido Rafael Rojas-García, Iliana Barrera-Martínez, Alejandro García-Salas, María de los Ángeles Maldonado-Peralta
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cutting frequency in Cayman grass (Urochloa HYBRID) on biomass yield, moisture, ash, ethereal extract, neutral detergent fiber (FDN), acid detergent fiber (FDA), acid detergent lignin (LDA), crude protein (PC), calorific value, and theoretical bioethanol yield. Four cutting frequencies were established as treatments: 30, 60, 90, and 120 d, arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Data were analyzed with GLM (SAS), and means were compared with the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). The highest biomass production (11.9 Mg ha-1 year-1), calorific value (15.1 MJ kg-1), and LDA (5.7 %) were obtained at the 120 d cutting frequency. The concentration of FDN (61.8 %), FDA (43.6 %), cellulose (38.1 %), and theoretical bioethanol production (218.4 L Mg-1 MS) were statistically different at the cutting frequency of 90 d. The values of hemicellulose (18. 7 %) and ethereal extract (1.8 %) were statistically different at the 60 d-cutting frequency; while PC (9.7 %) and ash (11.8 %) showed significant differences at the 30-d cutting frequency. Based on the biomass yield and calorific value of Cayman grass, it can be considered as a potential plant material for cellulosic ethanol production.
{"title":"CUTTING FREQUENCY IN CAYMAN GRASS (Urochloa HYBRID) ON THE CALORIFIC POWER OF THE MEXICAN WET TROPIC","authors":"Joel Ventura-Ríos, Adelaido Rafael Rojas-García, Iliana Barrera-Martínez, Alejandro García-Salas, María de los Ángeles Maldonado-Peralta","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2581","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cutting frequency in Cayman grass (Urochloa HYBRID) on biomass yield, moisture, ash, ethereal extract, neutral detergent fiber (FDN), acid detergent fiber (FDA), acid detergent lignin (LDA), crude protein (PC), calorific value, and theoretical bioethanol yield. Four cutting frequencies were established as treatments: 30, 60, 90, and 120 d, arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Data were analyzed with GLM (SAS), and means were compared with the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). The highest biomass production (11.9 Mg ha-1 year-1), calorific value (15.1 MJ kg-1), and LDA (5.7 %) were obtained at the 120 d cutting frequency. The concentration of FDN (61.8 %), FDA (43.6 %), cellulose (38.1 %), and theoretical bioethanol production (218.4 L Mg-1 MS) were statistically different at the cutting frequency of 90 d. The values of hemicellulose (18. 7 %) and ethereal extract (1.8 %) were statistically different at the 60 d-cutting frequency; while PC (9.7 %) and ash (11.8 %) showed significant differences at the 30-d cutting frequency. Based on the biomass yield and calorific value of Cayman grass, it can be considered as a potential plant material for cellulosic ethanol production.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135663554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2742
N. Callejas-Juárez, Graciela del Carmen Sandoval-Luján, J. M. Salas-González, Eduardo Domínguez-Arrieta
The Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a tool for studying the structure and importance of livestock markets and their elements. The aim of the investigation was to analyze the network structure for the mobility of bovines produced in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico, between the 2010–2019 period. The Social Network Analysis methodology was used, with centrality measures at origin and destination centers taken into account. In the 2010–2019 period, the structure of bovine livestock mobility was determined by 67 centers of origin (producers) and 32 destination centers (consumers). Producers mobilized 10 012 227 heads with the intentions of exporting calves for fattening (39.2 %), pasturing (26.6 %), fattening (13.9 %), slaughtering (13.5 %) and auctioning, breeding stock, and events (6.7 %). These seven products, which comprised three destination markets: export, national, and local, determined the structure and mobility of bovine livestock. The main center of origin was the municipal area of Chihuahua, whereas the main destinations were the USA and the municipal area of Chihuahua, which are therefore considered the main elements of the network and key nodes of the dynamism of bovine livestock in the state. It was also possible to confirm that the export of calves for fattening was the main purpose of cattle mobility for the state of Chihuahua.
{"title":"NETWORK STRUCTURE FOR THE MOBILITY OF BOVINES PRODUCED IN THE STATE OF CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO, 2010–2019","authors":"N. Callejas-Juárez, Graciela del Carmen Sandoval-Luján, J. M. Salas-González, Eduardo Domínguez-Arrieta","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2742","url":null,"abstract":"The Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a tool for studying the structure and importance of livestock markets and their elements. The aim of the investigation was to analyze the network structure for the mobility of bovines produced in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico, between the 2010–2019 period. The Social Network Analysis methodology was used, with centrality measures at origin and destination centers taken into account. In the 2010–2019 period, the structure of bovine livestock mobility was determined by 67 centers of origin (producers) and 32 destination centers (consumers). Producers mobilized 10 012 227 heads with the intentions of exporting calves for fattening (39.2 %), pasturing (26.6 %), fattening (13.9 %), slaughtering (13.5 %) and auctioning, breeding stock, and events (6.7 %). These seven products, which comprised three destination markets: export, national, and local, determined the structure and mobility of bovine livestock. The main center of origin was the municipal area of Chihuahua, whereas the main destinations were the USA and the municipal area of Chihuahua, which are therefore considered the main elements of the network and key nodes of the dynamism of bovine livestock in the state. It was also possible to confirm that the export of calves for fattening was the main purpose of cattle mobility for the state of Chihuahua.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72662664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2620
J. R. Aguirre-Rivera, L. O. Negrete-Sánchez, R. Castro-Rivera
In Mexico, the concepts of rangeland site and condition are not well known. For this reason, most of the rangelands of private ranches on the high plateau of San Luis Potosí and Zacatecas are undergoing a process of severe generalized deterioration. The purpose of this study was to survey and characterize multi-branched rangeland sites of three beef cattle ranches on the San Luis Potosí-Zacatecas High Plateau, as well as to assess their condition using a quantitative ecological method complemented by updated technological tools. The hypothesis proposed was that the site and condition of rangeland evaluated with the quantitative ecological method (used for grasslands and soil), complemented by updated technology, are also identifiable in multi-branched rangelands of this type of production units on the San Luis Potosí-Zacatecas High Plateau. Based on a Landsat satellite image, an unsupervised classification process was performed for the three ranches, which was then confirmed by field observations. A total of 11 sites were surveyed, three on each ranch (microphyll desert scrub, predominantly Bouteloua gracilis; microphyll desert scrub, with predominance of Sporobolus airoides; and an ecotone between microphyll desert scrub and rosetophile desert scrub) and two exclusive locations (crassicaule scrub and rosetophile desert scrub with predominance of Muhlenbergia villiflora). Rangeland condition was evaluated by measuring density and volume (volumetric biomass) of the main plant species, categorized by forage value, and the actual state of the soil surface was assessed in terms of bare soil and vegetation, litter, feces and rock cover. The data were ordered and classified with the DECORANA and TWINSPAN modules from the PC-ORD program. Site and condition evaluation under this approach was satisfactory for surveying the state of the rangelands of the three private cattle ranches studied on the San Luis Potosí-Zacatecas High Plateau.
{"title":"TRADITIONAL AND UPDATED EVALUATION OF THE RANGELAND SITE AND CONDITION IN THE SEMIARID SCRUB OF THE HIGH PLATEAU","authors":"J. R. Aguirre-Rivera, L. O. Negrete-Sánchez, R. Castro-Rivera","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2620","url":null,"abstract":"In Mexico, the concepts of rangeland site and condition are not well known. For this reason, most of the rangelands of private ranches on the high plateau of San Luis Potosí and Zacatecas are undergoing a process of severe generalized deterioration. The purpose of this study was to survey and characterize multi-branched rangeland sites of three beef cattle ranches on the San Luis Potosí-Zacatecas High Plateau, as well as to assess their condition using a quantitative ecological method complemented by updated technological tools. The hypothesis proposed was that the site and condition of rangeland evaluated with the quantitative ecological method (used for grasslands and soil), complemented by updated technology, are also identifiable in multi-branched rangelands of this type of production units on the San Luis Potosí-Zacatecas High Plateau. Based on a Landsat satellite image, an unsupervised classification process was performed for the three ranches, which was then confirmed by field observations. A total of 11 sites were surveyed, three on each ranch (microphyll desert scrub, predominantly Bouteloua gracilis; microphyll desert scrub, with predominance of Sporobolus airoides; and an ecotone between microphyll desert scrub and rosetophile desert scrub) and two exclusive locations (crassicaule scrub and rosetophile desert scrub with predominance of Muhlenbergia villiflora). Rangeland condition was evaluated by measuring density and volume (volumetric biomass) of the main plant species, categorized by forage value, and the actual state of the soil surface was assessed in terms of bare soil and vegetation, litter, feces and rock cover. The data were ordered and classified with the DECORANA and TWINSPAN modules from the PC-ORD program. Site and condition evaluation under this approach was satisfactory for surveying the state of the rangelands of the three private cattle ranches studied on the San Luis Potosí-Zacatecas High Plateau.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88783264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-21DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2523
Marisol Hernández-Rodríguez, José Luis Romo-Lozano, Gerónimo Barrios-Puente, C. M. Cuevas-Alvarado
Climate change is a major concern around the world, particularly in developing countries like Mexico, where agriculture is the primary rural activity. As a hypothesis, it was proposed that high concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere increase crop yields in Mexico, while the increase in temperatures and precipitation variations decrease them. The effect of climate change on agriculture in Mexico was examined using CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, temperature, and precipitation. The climatic factor that has the greatest influence on agricultural productivity at the national level was identified. The ordinary least squares (MCO) method was used to estimate a Cobb-Douglas econometric model with statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05). CO2 concentration in the atmosphere was the climatic factor that had the greatest influence on agricultural production at the national level, with a direct relationship: if CO2 increased by 1 %, agricultural yield increased by 0.46 %. Corn and sugarcane, two of the three most important crops in terms of productive value in Mexico, are plants with a C4 photosynthetic pathway that benefit from the CO2 fertilization effect and mitigate the negative impact of climate change. However, in the last thirty years, global CO2 emissions have increased by an average of 0.5 % per year. If its growth continues to follow the same pattern in the short term, temperatures will rise, rainfall patterns will change, and agricultural production will be negatively affected.
{"title":"CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS EFFECTS ON AGRICULTURE IN MEXICO","authors":"Marisol Hernández-Rodríguez, José Luis Romo-Lozano, Gerónimo Barrios-Puente, C. M. Cuevas-Alvarado","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2523","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is a major concern around the world, particularly in developing countries like Mexico, where agriculture is the primary rural activity. As a hypothesis, it was proposed that high concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere increase crop yields in Mexico, while the increase in temperatures and precipitation variations decrease them. The effect of climate change on agriculture in Mexico was examined using CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, temperature, and precipitation. The climatic factor that has the greatest influence on agricultural productivity at the national level was identified. The ordinary least squares (MCO) method was used to estimate a Cobb-Douglas econometric model with statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05). CO2 concentration in the atmosphere was the climatic factor that had the greatest influence on agricultural production at the national level, with a direct relationship: if CO2 increased by 1 %, agricultural yield increased by 0.46 %. Corn and sugarcane, two of the three most important crops in terms of productive value in Mexico, are plants with a C4 photosynthetic pathway that benefit from the CO2 fertilization effect and mitigate the negative impact of climate change. However, in the last thirty years, global CO2 emissions have increased by an average of 0.5 % per year. If its growth continues to follow the same pattern in the short term, temperatures will rise, rainfall patterns will change, and agricultural production will be negatively affected.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89497280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2838
A. M. Hernández-Anguiano, Vicente Rosas-Medina, C. Nava-Díaz, J. G. Torres-Martínez
In Mexico, there are no reports of the presence of Acidovorax citrulli, the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch and seedling blight in cucurbits. The introduction of A. citrulli is a latent risk due to the importation of seeds and seedlings. Fruits and plants with typical symptoms of this disease have been observed in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) production fields of small growers and commercial nurseries in the municipality of Hopelchén, Campeche. The objective was to detect A. citrulli by PCR in watermelon seedlings in a production area in Hopelchén, with the hypothesis that the bacterium is present in this municipality. In December 2018, 51 samples of nine watermelon varieties were collected from two seedling production nurseries. Each sample contained ten symptomatic seedlings ranging in age from 12 to 41 days. End-point PCR analysis with primers WFB1 and WFB2 indicated the presence of A. citrulli in 68.6 % of the samples; immuno-PCR results confirmed the presence of the bacterium in 80.9 % of these samples. Consensus 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences from eight samples aligned with 98 % similarity on average to A. citrulli sequences deposited in the GenBank-NCBI database. The dark, sunken, elongated lesions on cotyledonal leaves, as well as the black, spreading lesions from the margin to the base of true leaves observed on watermelon seedlings, were caused by A. citrulli. This study constitutes a new report of A. citrulli in Campeche, which should be considered to delimit and prevent the spread of the bacterium to other cucurbit-producing areas in Mexico.
{"title":"DETECTION OF Acidovorax citrulli IN WATERMELON SEEDLINGS IN HOPELCHÉN, CAMPECHE, MEXICO","authors":"A. M. Hernández-Anguiano, Vicente Rosas-Medina, C. Nava-Díaz, J. G. Torres-Martínez","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2838","url":null,"abstract":"In Mexico, there are no reports of the presence of Acidovorax citrulli, the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch and seedling blight in cucurbits. The introduction of A. citrulli is a latent risk due to the importation of seeds and seedlings. Fruits and plants with typical symptoms of this disease have been observed in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) production fields of small growers and commercial nurseries in the municipality of Hopelchén, Campeche. The objective was to detect A. citrulli by PCR in watermelon seedlings in a production area in Hopelchén, with the hypothesis that the bacterium is present in this municipality. In December 2018, 51 samples of nine watermelon varieties were collected from two seedling production nurseries. Each sample contained ten symptomatic seedlings ranging in age from 12 to 41 days. End-point PCR analysis with primers WFB1 and WFB2 indicated the presence of A. citrulli in 68.6 % of the samples; immuno-PCR results confirmed the presence of the bacterium in 80.9 % of these samples. Consensus 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences from eight samples aligned with 98 % similarity on average to A. citrulli sequences deposited in the GenBank-NCBI database. The dark, sunken, elongated lesions on cotyledonal leaves, as well as the black, spreading lesions from the margin to the base of true leaves observed on watermelon seedlings, were caused by A. citrulli. This study constitutes a new report of A. citrulli in Campeche, which should be considered to delimit and prevent the spread of the bacterium to other cucurbit-producing areas in Mexico.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83440865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2707
José Gregorio Joya-Dávila, B. Ruíz-Sesma, C. A. Lecona-Guzman, Nancy Ruíz Lau, Victor Manuel Ruíz Valdiviezo, Reyna Isabel Rojas Martínez, Federico Antonio Gutiérrez Miceli
In Chiapas, Mexico, there are high-yielding coffee plants adapted to the local climatic conditions. The presence of microorganisms in the explants makes developing protocols for cloning these genotypes in vitro difficult. The objective of this work was to evaluate how field and in vitro microorganism management affected asepsis and the induction of callogenesis in leaf explants of agronomically important coffee plants. Drought-tolerant genotypes were obtained from aseptic explants and cell cultures using a participatory study, agronomic, and in vitro techniques. Five accessions (ITTGj 1-5) were selected from a 21-year-old Borbon cultivar. The present study was conducted over two flowering cycles, evaluating the effect of field management on explant asepsis on the first and the callogenic response caused by the culture medium, the transport solution, and the genotype, on the second. Sixty days before explant collection, biweekly applications of calcium polysulfide (10 % v v-1), copper oxychloride (2 g L-1), and Zingiber officinale extract (20 g L-1) reduced fungal contamination by 100 % and bacterial contamination by 90 %. Field explant transportation in 200 mg L-1 citric acid and ascorbic acid solution reduced oxidation in explants and in vitro cultures. Proembryogenic friable corns were formed with the combination of 4.4 µM BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and 7.25 µM 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) at 45 days of culture, with genotype four showing the best response. Field management was effective for the aseptic establishment of Coffea arabica cultures in vitro, and the combination of BAP and 2,4-D used was an appropriate growth regulator for the induction of callogenesis.
{"title":"FIELD PHYTOPROTECTION OF Coffea arabica MOTHER PLANTS, DISINFECTION AND CALLOGENESIS INDUCTION","authors":"José Gregorio Joya-Dávila, B. Ruíz-Sesma, C. A. Lecona-Guzman, Nancy Ruíz Lau, Victor Manuel Ruíz Valdiviezo, Reyna Isabel Rojas Martínez, Federico Antonio Gutiérrez Miceli","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2707","url":null,"abstract":"In Chiapas, Mexico, there are high-yielding coffee plants adapted to the local climatic conditions. The presence of microorganisms in the explants makes developing protocols for cloning these genotypes in vitro difficult. The objective of this work was to evaluate how field and in vitro microorganism management affected asepsis and the induction of callogenesis in leaf explants of agronomically important coffee plants. Drought-tolerant genotypes were obtained from aseptic explants and cell cultures using a participatory study, agronomic, and in vitro techniques. Five accessions (ITTGj 1-5) were selected from a 21-year-old Borbon cultivar. The present study was conducted over two flowering cycles, evaluating the effect of field management on explant asepsis on the first and the callogenic response caused by the culture medium, the transport solution, and the genotype, on the second. Sixty days before explant collection, biweekly applications of calcium polysulfide (10 % v v-1), copper oxychloride (2 g L-1), and Zingiber officinale extract (20 g L-1) reduced fungal contamination by 100 % and bacterial contamination by 90 %. Field explant transportation in 200 mg L-1 citric acid and ascorbic acid solution reduced oxidation in explants and in vitro cultures. Proembryogenic friable corns were formed with the combination of 4.4 µM BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and 7.25 µM 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) at 45 days of culture, with genotype four showing the best response. Field management was effective for the aseptic establishment of Coffea arabica cultures in vitro, and the combination of BAP and 2,4-D used was an appropriate growth regulator for the induction of callogenesis.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78281325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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