Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) is not widely traded due to its short shelf life. Edible coatings can be used to extend the postharvest life of fruits. The objective of this study was to develop a candelilla wax-based coating (Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc) for the preservation of passion fruit. Three coating formulations (C1, C2, and C3) were made with pectin, glycerol, and candelilla wax and applied by immersion. Weight loss and changes in physical appearance were used to assess shelf life under two storage conditions: room temperature (32 °C/6 days) and refrigeration (6.6 °C/32 days). Uncoated fruit in both storage conditions served as controls. Furthermore, a physicochemical characterization of the coatings was performed. Coated fruit at room temperature showed an improvement in weight retention compared to controls, but no differences in physical appearance were observed. In fruits stored under refrigeration, only C2 had less weight loss compared to the control, while C3 maintained a better physical appearance. In terms of coating characterization, C3 presented the lowest moisture content and thickness. C1 obtained the highest density value, while C1 also had the highest water vapor permeability rate (TPVA) value. The application of the C2 coating was effective in preserving the fruit for a longer period of time, and this coating has the lowest TPVA value, which is related to the decrease in weight loss in the fruit.
百香果(Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener)由于其保质期短而不被广泛交易。可食用涂层可用于延长水果的采后寿命。本研究的目的是开发一种小蜡烛蜡基涂层(Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc)用于保存百香果。三种涂层配方(C1, C2和C3)由果胶，甘油和小烛台蜡制成，并浸渍应用。在两种储存条件下:室温(32°C/6天)和冷藏(6.6°C/32天)，用体重减轻和外观变化来评估保质期。两种贮藏条件下未包衣的果实作为对照。此外，还对涂层进行了理化表征。室温下涂有涂层的水果与对照组相比，重量保持有所改善，但外观没有变化。在冷藏的水果中，只有C2的重量比对照减少了，而C3保持了更好的外观。在涂层表征方面，C3的含水率和厚度最低。C1的密度值最高，而C1的水蒸气渗透率(TPVA)值也最高。C2涂层对果实保鲜时间较长，且TPVA值最低，这与降低果实失重有关。
{"title":"POTENTIAL USE OF AN EDIBLE CANDELILLA WAX-BASED COATING TO EXTEND THE SHELF LIFE OF PASSION FRUIT","authors":"Eliseo Sánchez-Loredo, Alaín Martínez-Pérez, Diana Beatriz Muñiz-Márquez, Romeo Rojas, Jorge Enrique Wong-Paz","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2797","url":null,"abstract":"Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) is not widely traded due to its short shelf life. Edible coatings can be used to extend the postharvest life of fruits. The objective of this study was to develop a candelilla wax-based coating (Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc) for the preservation of passion fruit. Three coating formulations (C1, C2, and C3) were made with pectin, glycerol, and candelilla wax and applied by immersion. Weight loss and changes in physical appearance were used to assess shelf life under two storage conditions: room temperature (32 °C/6 days) and refrigeration (6.6 °C/32 days). Uncoated fruit in both storage conditions served as controls. Furthermore, a physicochemical characterization of the coatings was performed. Coated fruit at room temperature showed an improvement in weight retention compared to controls, but no differences in physical appearance were observed. In fruits stored under refrigeration, only C2 had less weight loss compared to the control, while C3 maintained a better physical appearance. In terms of coating characterization, C3 presented the lowest moisture content and thickness. C1 obtained the highest density value, while C1 also had the highest water vapor permeability rate (TPVA) value. The application of the C2 coating was effective in preserving the fruit for a longer period of time, and this coating has the lowest TPVA value, which is related to the decrease in weight loss in the fruit.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134907251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2847
Gustavo Ramírez-Madero, Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino, Jericó Jabín Bello-Bello, Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez, Juan Valente Hidalgo Contreras
With a cultivated area of approximately 800 thousand hectares distributed in 15 states, sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the main crops in Mexico. Despite its socioeconomic importance, the genetic base of this crop has been reduced in recent decades, making the production system vulnerable to both biotic and abiotic stresses. For this reason, the Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Córdoba initiated a varietal selection program in 2009. In this study, morphological and agronomic attributes of 20 advanced hybrids were analyzed during the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 growing seasons to determine genetic variability based on principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. Commercial cultivars widely planted in the area of influence of the Córdoba Campus (CP 72-2086, Mex 79-431, Mex 69-290 and Mex 05-204) were used as reference samples. In terms of agronomic indicators, most of the new hybrids showed higher averages than the commercial control cultivars. The hybrids COLPOSCCMex 09-50 and COLPOSCCMex 09-66 showed better germination capacity. The average height of the tallest milling stems was presented by the hybrids COLPOSCCMex 09-341 (318.1 cm) and COLPOSCCMex 09-93 (311.85 cm). The hybrid COLPOSCCMex 09-289 showed outstanding values for five variables: diameter (36.43 mm), °Brix (21.89 %), stem height (149.33 cm), leaf width (5.36 cm) and number of leaves (11.15). Morphological characterization was carried out according to 54 descriptors, combining categorical and continuous traits that were easy to observe, with a high degree of differentiation and low environmental influence. Principal component and cluster analyses showed the distribution of hybrids into five groups. These results show promising sugarcane lines with high yields, which can contribute to genetic diversity in agroecological zones where they can be adapted.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF NEW SUGARCANE HYBRIDS USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT AND CLUSTER ANALYSES","authors":"Gustavo Ramírez-Madero, Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino, Jericó Jabín Bello-Bello, Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez, Juan Valente Hidalgo Contreras","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2847","url":null,"abstract":"With a cultivated area of approximately 800 thousand hectares distributed in 15 states, sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the main crops in Mexico. Despite its socioeconomic importance, the genetic base of this crop has been reduced in recent decades, making the production system vulnerable to both biotic and abiotic stresses. For this reason, the Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Córdoba initiated a varietal selection program in 2009. In this study, morphological and agronomic attributes of 20 advanced hybrids were analyzed during the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 growing seasons to determine genetic variability based on principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. Commercial cultivars widely planted in the area of influence of the Córdoba Campus (CP 72-2086, Mex 79-431, Mex 69-290 and Mex 05-204) were used as reference samples. In terms of agronomic indicators, most of the new hybrids showed higher averages than the commercial control cultivars. The hybrids COLPOSCCMex 09-50 and COLPOSCCMex 09-66 showed better germination capacity. The average height of the tallest milling stems was presented by the hybrids COLPOSCCMex 09-341 (318.1 cm) and COLPOSCCMex 09-93 (311.85 cm). The hybrid COLPOSCCMex 09-289 showed outstanding values for five variables: diameter (36.43 mm), °Brix (21.89 %), stem height (149.33 cm), leaf width (5.36 cm) and number of leaves (11.15). Morphological characterization was carried out according to 54 descriptors, combining categorical and continuous traits that were easy to observe, with a high degree of differentiation and low environmental influence. Principal component and cluster analyses showed the distribution of hybrids into five groups. These results show promising sugarcane lines with high yields, which can contribute to genetic diversity in agroecological zones where they can be adapted.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134905527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2991
Ana Karen Santiago-Santiago, Oscar Antonio Arana-Coronado, Jaime Arturo Matus-Gardea, José de Jesús Brambila-Paz, Alma Lilia Toledo-Cervantes, Hugo Oscar Méndez-Acosta
In Mexico, the tequila industry is the second most important economic activity within the alcoholic beverage industry, after the beer industry. Tequila vinasse is wastewater with a high organic load produced during the distillation of the fermented must of the blue agave (Agave tequilana Weber var. azul), which has a great impact on soils and water bodies in the tequila region. On the other hand, the decrease in fuel reserves causes instability in hydrocarbon prices, which makes it necessary to implement alternative fuel methods such as biogas. In this sense, it has recently been pointed out that the anaerobic digestion process is the most suitable for the treatment of tequila vinasse since it allows the removal of contaminating organic matter, together with the production of biogas that can be used in situ in the tequila industry. In this study, the financial feasibility of the production of biogas for self-consumption from tequila vinasse was calculated with the values achieved from a pilot system composed of a packed bed reactor (PBR) with technological and economic advantages to treat this waste. Profitability was evaluated over a 10-year production horizon (net present value $1 569 001) and was complemented with the Real Options methodology, taking into account price volatility and the option to expand. The results showed that the project is profitable with the 42.85 % biogas production expansion option. It is concluded that biogas production is financially feasible and it is possible to increase the profitability of the system by $6 325 109 if production is expanded.
在墨西哥，龙舌兰酒行业是酒精饮料行业中第二重要的经济活动，仅次于啤酒行业。龙舌兰酒渣是蓝色龙舌兰酒(agave tequilana Weber vars . azul)发酵醪液蒸馏过程中产生的高有机负荷废水，对龙舌兰酒产区的土壤和水体有较大影响。另一方面，燃料储量的减少导致碳氢化合物价格的不稳定，这使得有必要实施替代燃料方法，如沼气。从这个意义上讲，最近有人指出厌氧消化工艺最适合处理龙舌兰酒酒糟，因为它可以去除污染的有机物，同时产生可在龙舌兰酒工业中就地使用的沼气。在本研究中，通过一个具有技术和经济优势的填充床反应器(PBR)组成的中试系统处理龙舌兰酒糟产生自用沼气的财务可行性进行了计算。在10年的生产周期内评估盈利能力(净现值为1569 001美元)，并辅以实物期权方法，考虑到价格波动和扩展期权。结果表明，该项目沼气产量扩大方案为42.85%，具有良好的盈利能力。结论是，沼气生产在财政上是可行的，如果扩大生产，有可能使该系统的盈利能力增加6 325 109美元。
{"title":"USE OF REAL OPTIONS TO EVALUATE THE PROFITABILITY OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM STILLAGE IN THE TEQUILA INDUSTRY","authors":"Ana Karen Santiago-Santiago, Oscar Antonio Arana-Coronado, Jaime Arturo Matus-Gardea, José de Jesús Brambila-Paz, Alma Lilia Toledo-Cervantes, Hugo Oscar Méndez-Acosta","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2991","url":null,"abstract":"In Mexico, the tequila industry is the second most important economic activity within the alcoholic beverage industry, after the beer industry. Tequila vinasse is wastewater with a high organic load produced during the distillation of the fermented must of the blue agave (Agave tequilana Weber var. azul), which has a great impact on soils and water bodies in the tequila region. On the other hand, the decrease in fuel reserves causes instability in hydrocarbon prices, which makes it necessary to implement alternative fuel methods such as biogas. In this sense, it has recently been pointed out that the anaerobic digestion process is the most suitable for the treatment of tequila vinasse since it allows the removal of contaminating organic matter, together with the production of biogas that can be used in situ in the tequila industry. In this study, the financial feasibility of the production of biogas for self-consumption from tequila vinasse was calculated with the values achieved from a pilot system composed of a packed bed reactor (PBR) with technological and economic advantages to treat this waste. Profitability was evaluated over a 10-year production horizon (net present value $1 569 001) and was complemented with the Real Options methodology, taking into account price volatility and the option to expand. The results showed that the project is profitable with the 42.85 % biogas production expansion option. It is concluded that biogas production is financially feasible and it is possible to increase the profitability of the system by $6 325 109 if production is expanded.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135888008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2998
Anne Cristina De la Vega-Leinert, Sahid Daniel Sandoval-Vázquez, Iliusi Donaji Vega del Valle
Oil palm (Elais guineensis Jacq.), a high-yielding oil-seed crop, is associated with multiple socio-environmental impacts. The Mexican oil palm sector is emerging and stands out for its dynamism. This paper presents hitherto unpublished maps to facilitate an independent, transparent and publicly accessible monitoring of the progression of this crop at national level. A first map, with data from 2014 to 2019, satisfactorily captures established plantations (94 % of the areas officially reported for Chiapas), even in very small plots (the area of the smallest polygon being only 330 m²). In the second, with data from 2016 to 2022, both the quality of the mapping and the coverage of cultivated areas increased (70 % of the officially reported planted areas), especially in Tabasco and Campeche, the states with the largest expansion of oil palm cultivation in the country since 2012. Comparing both maps with data on land use, vegetation and protected natural areas (PNAs) highlights the contribution of oil palm to the deforestation of more than 7500 ha of conservation-relevant habitats between 2014 and 2022 (5 % of the total oil palm area). The existence of large areas of oil palm in La Encrucijada Biosphere Reserve (Chiapas) and its presence in other PNAs is confirmed. High spatial resolution maps, such as the one presented here, are necessary for the calibration of surface and terrain models at the regional and global scales, which are used in environmental impact projections. Such projections can then advise public policies and conservation plans at the national level. This paper proposes alternatives for the verification and communication of statistical and spatial data, to support an informed debate on the benefits and impacts of oil palm in Mexico.
{"title":"MAPPING THE EXPANSION OF OIL PALM (Elais guineensis Jacq.) IN MEXICO — METHODOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTS","authors":"Anne Cristina De la Vega-Leinert, Sahid Daniel Sandoval-Vázquez, Iliusi Donaji Vega del Valle","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2998","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm (Elais guineensis Jacq.), a high-yielding oil-seed crop, is associated with multiple socio-environmental impacts. The Mexican oil palm sector is emerging and stands out for its dynamism. This paper presents hitherto unpublished maps to facilitate an independent, transparent and publicly accessible monitoring of the progression of this crop at national level. A first map, with data from 2014 to 2019, satisfactorily captures established plantations (94 % of the areas officially reported for Chiapas), even in very small plots (the area of the smallest polygon being only 330 m²). In the second, with data from 2016 to 2022, both the quality of the mapping and the coverage of cultivated areas increased (70 % of the officially reported planted areas), especially in Tabasco and Campeche, the states with the largest expansion of oil palm cultivation in the country since 2012. Comparing both maps with data on land use, vegetation and protected natural areas (PNAs) highlights the contribution of oil palm to the deforestation of more than 7500 ha of conservation-relevant habitats between 2014 and 2022 (5 % of the total oil palm area). The existence of large areas of oil palm in La Encrucijada Biosphere Reserve (Chiapas) and its presence in other PNAs is confirmed. High spatial resolution maps, such as the one presented here, are necessary for the calibration of surface and terrain models at the regional and global scales, which are used in environmental impact projections. Such projections can then advise public policies and conservation plans at the national level. This paper proposes alternatives for the verification and communication of statistical and spatial data, to support an informed debate on the benefits and impacts of oil palm in Mexico.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135888664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2771
Itzel J. Trujillo-Nava, José Negrete-Hernández, Roeb García-Arrazola, Úrsula Dávila, Miquel Gimeno
The main objective of this work was to study the physical, chemical, and functional properties of the seed of the Ramon tree (Brosimum alicastrum Swartz) to evaluate its potential application in the elaboration of food products of high nutritional value. The results were compared with other seeds marketed internationally through an a posteriori comparative study of means. Ramon seed yielded 43.99 % of the dietary fiber, with energy value of 183.02 kcal per 100 g seed, cation exchange of 0.0015 meq [H+] g-1 seed, and uptake of organic molecules of 0.91 g oil g-1 seed. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity had a value of 0.88 mg Trolox g-1 of seed. The antioxidant activity of the seed (IC50) was 1.602 mg mL-1, while the tree leaf had an IC50 of 0.618 mg mL-1. The content of total phenols and flavonoids was also determined, resulting in 154 mg of gallic acid per 100 g of seed and 72.14 mg of catechin per 100 g of seed, respectively. To evaluate its capacity to produce high-nutritional-value foods, the biscuit test was carried out with Ramon seed whole meal flour, obtaining an expansion factor of 62.8. All the aforementioned tests were performed in triplicate, and the Student’s t-test was used for the comparison of means between treatments. The hypothesis of the present work was demonstrated since the seed of the Ramon tree represents an alternative as a functional food, since physical, chemical, and functional properties comparable to other seeds of recognized nutritional value were observed.
{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RAMON TREE SEED (Brosimum alicastrum Swartz.) AS A POTENTIAL FOOD SOURCE","authors":"Itzel J. Trujillo-Nava, José Negrete-Hernández, Roeb García-Arrazola, Úrsula Dávila, Miquel Gimeno","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2771","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this work was to study the physical, chemical, and functional properties of the seed of the Ramon tree (Brosimum alicastrum Swartz) to evaluate its potential application in the elaboration of food products of high nutritional value. The results were compared with other seeds marketed internationally through an a posteriori comparative study of means. Ramon seed yielded 43.99 % of the dietary fiber, with energy value of 183.02 kcal per 100 g seed, cation exchange of 0.0015 meq [H+] g-1 seed, and uptake of organic molecules of 0.91 g oil g-1 seed. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity had a value of 0.88 mg Trolox g-1 of seed. The antioxidant activity of the seed (IC50) was 1.602 mg mL-1, while the tree leaf had an IC50 of 0.618 mg mL-1. The content of total phenols and flavonoids was also determined, resulting in 154 mg of gallic acid per 100 g of seed and 72.14 mg of catechin per 100 g of seed, respectively. To evaluate its capacity to produce high-nutritional-value foods, the biscuit test was carried out with Ramon seed whole meal flour, obtaining an expansion factor of 62.8. All the aforementioned tests were performed in triplicate, and the Student’s t-test was used for the comparison of means between treatments. The hypothesis of the present work was demonstrated since the seed of the Ramon tree represents an alternative as a functional food, since physical, chemical, and functional properties comparable to other seeds of recognized nutritional value were observed.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136357768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2569
Angel Lagunes-Tejeda, J. Concepción Rodriguez-Maciel, Daniel Arturo Rodríguez-Lagunes, Juan Antonio Villanueva-Jimenez, Gonzalo Silva-Aguayo
In Mexico, some monocultures occupy large areas, and organo-synthetic insecticides are the dominant method of pest control. The conventional chemical strategy is heavily reliant on new insecticides being developed in other countries. This paper discusses the characteristics of traditional/conventional and rational insecticide management. In traditional management, companies compete to position their products in the market once authorized. When pests develop resistance, the farmer must increase the dose and frequency of applications. These actions seriously threaten the environment, human health, and crop profitability. The hope is that another insecticide will enter the market to repeat the cycle of abuse and its consequences. The alternative is a rational strategy based on scientific evidence for chemical pest control. Farmers must adhere to an insecticide resistance management program that keeps resistance gene expression and intensity at acceptable levels. We propose the creation of public and private laboratories to systematically estimate the dynamics of insecticide resistance through bioassays. This will enable decisions to be made based on scientific rather than commercial information. Changing the current paradigm for the use of these agrochemicals will result in significant improvements in the time it takes to maintain acceptable biological efficacy, economic benefits to the producer, and significant reductions in adverse effects on human health and the environment.
{"title":"RATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN MONOCULTURE AREAS","authors":"Angel Lagunes-Tejeda, J. Concepción Rodriguez-Maciel, Daniel Arturo Rodríguez-Lagunes, Juan Antonio Villanueva-Jimenez, Gonzalo Silva-Aguayo","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2569","url":null,"abstract":"In Mexico, some monocultures occupy large areas, and organo-synthetic insecticides are the dominant method of pest control. The conventional chemical strategy is heavily reliant on new insecticides being developed in other countries. This paper discusses the characteristics of traditional/conventional and rational insecticide management. In traditional management, companies compete to position their products in the market once authorized. When pests develop resistance, the farmer must increase the dose and frequency of applications. These actions seriously threaten the environment, human health, and crop profitability. The hope is that another insecticide will enter the market to repeat the cycle of abuse and its consequences. The alternative is a rational strategy based on scientific evidence for chemical pest control. Farmers must adhere to an insecticide resistance management program that keeps resistance gene expression and intensity at acceptable levels. We propose the creation of public and private laboratories to systematically estimate the dynamics of insecticide resistance through bioassays. This will enable decisions to be made based on scientific rather than commercial information. Changing the current paradigm for the use of these agrochemicals will result in significant improvements in the time it takes to maintain acceptable biological efficacy, economic benefits to the producer, and significant reductions in adverse effects on human health and the environment.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136356591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i6.2493
Alba Melissa Castañeda-Villa, Ricardo Lobato-Ortiz, J. Jesús García-Zavala, Guillermo Calderón-Zavala, Aurelio Hernández-Bautista, Alexander López-Hernández
The “bell pepper” or “chino criollo” tomato is a native Mexican variety with similar characteristics to the “Saladette” tomato and the potential to be used as a source of germplasm to generate commercial hybrids of this type. The aim of this investigation was to identify and select advanced lines with a wide genetic base, derived from crosses between Saladette tomatoes and native populations to generate free pollination varieties and potential parents of Saladette tomato hybrids. The hypothesis was that crosses between native populations and Saladette commercial hybrids generate outstanding offspring. The 103 genotypes evaluated included 10 native parents, three parents derived from commercial hybrids, one commercial hybrid control (“El Cid”) and 89 S4 advanced lines. The evaluation was carried out in a greenhouse and hydroponics during the 2020 spring-summer cycle, using a randomized complete block experimental design with three replications and four plants per replication. The total weight and number of fruits were recorded based on the sum of the two cuts performed. The days to flowering of the first cluster, average fruit weight, and total soluble solids were also determined. Analyses of variance were carried out for each variable, as well as orthogonal contrasts and correlations between different combinations of the materials of interest. The comparison of means was carried out using Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). Nine advanced lines with similar or greater characteristics to the control were identified and are recommended to be recombined genetically in a diallelic cross scheme to identify new outstanding offspring. The advanced line 2051 (LOR85 X C) was identified, with a similar yield to that reported for the control, which can be used as an open pollination variety since it has similar characteristics to the control “El Cid”, but with native tomato genes.
“甜椒”或“chino criollo”番茄是一种墨西哥本土品种，具有与“Saladette”番茄相似的特征，并且有潜力作为种质资源来产生这种类型的商业杂交品种。本研究的目的是鉴定和选择具有广泛遗传基础的高级品系，从萨拉黛特番茄与本地群体的杂交中获得自由授粉品种和潜在的萨拉黛特番茄杂交亲本。他们的假设是，本地种群和萨拉黛特商业杂种之间的杂交产生了优秀的后代。103个基因型包括10个本地亲本、3个商业杂交种亲本、1个商业杂交种对照(“El Cid”)和89个S4高级系。采用随机完全区组试验设计，3个重复，每个重复4株，于2020年春夏周期在温室和水培中进行评价。根据两次切割的总和记录果实的总重量和数量。测定了第一簇的开花天数、平均果实重量和总可溶性固形物。对每个变量进行方差分析，以及正交对比和不同感兴趣材料组合之间的相关性。均数比较采用Tukey检验(p≤0.05)。鉴定出9个与对照性状相近或更大的高级品系，建议采用双等位杂交方案进行遗传重组，以鉴定出新的优秀后代。经鉴定的先进品系2051 (LOR85 X C)产量与对照相近，具有与对照“El Cid”相似的性状，但具有本地番茄基因，可作为开放授粉品种使用。
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION OF OUTSTANDING SALADETTE TOMATO LINES WITH A WIDENED GENETIC BASE","authors":"Alba Melissa Castañeda-Villa, Ricardo Lobato-Ortiz, J. Jesús García-Zavala, Guillermo Calderón-Zavala, Aurelio Hernández-Bautista, Alexander López-Hernández","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i6.2493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i6.2493","url":null,"abstract":"The “bell pepper” or “chino criollo” tomato is a native Mexican variety with similar characteristics to the “Saladette” tomato and the potential to be used as a source of germplasm to generate commercial hybrids of this type. The aim of this investigation was to identify and select advanced lines with a wide genetic base, derived from crosses between Saladette tomatoes and native populations to generate free pollination varieties and potential parents of Saladette tomato hybrids. The hypothesis was that crosses between native populations and Saladette commercial hybrids generate outstanding offspring. The 103 genotypes evaluated included 10 native parents, three parents derived from commercial hybrids, one commercial hybrid control (“El Cid”) and 89 S4 advanced lines. The evaluation was carried out in a greenhouse and hydroponics during the 2020 spring-summer cycle, using a randomized complete block experimental design with three replications and four plants per replication. The total weight and number of fruits were recorded based on the sum of the two cuts performed. The days to flowering of the first cluster, average fruit weight, and total soluble solids were also determined. Analyses of variance were carried out for each variable, as well as orthogonal contrasts and correlations between different combinations of the materials of interest. The comparison of means was carried out using Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). Nine advanced lines with similar or greater characteristics to the control were identified and are recommended to be recombined genetically in a diallelic cross scheme to identify new outstanding offspring. The advanced line 2051 (LOR85 X C) was identified, with a similar yield to that reported for the control, which can be used as an open pollination variety since it has similar characteristics to the control “El Cid”, but with native tomato genes.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i6.2929
Daniel López-Sosa, María de Jesús García-Gómez, Jesús Carrillo-Ahumada, Oscar Núñez-Gaona
Entomopathogenic fungi biological formulations require viable concentrations of infective units (conidia) with high virulence. These are mainly produced by solid-state cultivation of agro-industrial residues with high C/N ratios as substrates, such as amaranth stubble (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.), which is discarded in the fields due to its lack of postharvest utility and thus becomes a source of contamination. Therefore, its use can reduce production costs when compared to common substrates such as rice (Oryza sativa). The objective of this work was to compare the effect of amaranth stubble on the production, virulence, and viability of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) conidia produced by solid-state cultivation to those produced using rice as a substrate. The results showed that the yield of B. bassiana conidia produced with rice was 15 higher than that produced with amaranth stubble. However, there were no significant differences in the virulence and viability of conidia produced by both substrates. Therefore, the use of amaranth stubble is an economical alternative to produce B. bassiana conidia compared to common substrates like rice.
{"title":"PRODUCTION, VIRULENCE, AND VIABILITY OF Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. CONIDIA OBTAINED BY FERMENTATION OF AMARANTH STUBBLE","authors":"Daniel López-Sosa, María de Jesús García-Gómez, Jesús Carrillo-Ahumada, Oscar Núñez-Gaona","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i6.2929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i6.2929","url":null,"abstract":"Entomopathogenic fungi biological formulations require viable concentrations of infective units (conidia) with high virulence. These are mainly produced by solid-state cultivation of agro-industrial residues with high C/N ratios as substrates, such as amaranth stubble (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.), which is discarded in the fields due to its lack of postharvest utility and thus becomes a source of contamination. Therefore, its use can reduce production costs when compared to common substrates such as rice (Oryza sativa). The objective of this work was to compare the effect of amaranth stubble on the production, virulence, and viability of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) conidia produced by solid-state cultivation to those produced using rice as a substrate. The results showed that the yield of B. bassiana conidia produced with rice was 15 higher than that produced with amaranth stubble. However, there were no significant differences in the virulence and viability of conidia produced by both substrates. Therefore, the use of amaranth stubble is an economical alternative to produce B. bassiana conidia compared to common substrates like rice.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2892
Abelardo Conde-Pulgarín, Claudia Patricia Álvarez Ochoa, Rosalba Frías-Navarro, Santiago Sáenz-Torres
Consolidating the peace process in Colombian territory requires determining the relevance of the agricultural and livestock production systems promoted by national and international organisms as an economic alternative in the reincorporation of Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) ex-combatants. Such is the case with the systems proposed in the Nueva Colombia (New Colombia) farm, located in the Pondores area of the Fonseca municipality in La Guajira, Colombia. In order to answer the question “Are the production systems of the Nueva Colombia farm sustainable?”, we carried out a qualitative agroecological assessment of five systems used (maize [Zea mays L.], cassava [Manihot esculenta Crantz], plantain [Musa x paradisiaca L. var. Hartón], cattle ranching, and poultry farming). Producers, technical consultants, and researchers participated in the assessment, with the goal of establishing a viability baseline and criteria to determine the convenience of allocating resources for the continuity of the systems. The results show that the Nueva Colombia farm is located in a very dry tropical forest life zone. The assessment shows moderate sustainability for plantain and cassava crops and weak sustainability for maize. As for the animal production systems, it was found that cattle ranching is not a sustainable system and that, therefore, its operation is not viable, while poultry farming is moderately sustainable. We concluded that it is not advisable to continue cattle production, and that the resources should be reallocated towards improving the poultry farming system. The agricultural systems require the implementation of practices that increase the specific and spatial diversity of crops, as well as their stress tolerance and the proportion of organic matter in soil.
巩固哥伦比亚领土上的和平进程需要确定国家和国际组织所促进的农业和畜牧业生产系统的相关性，作为哥伦比亚革命武装部队(哥伦比亚革命武装力量)前战斗人员重新编入的一种经济选择。位于哥伦比亚La Guajira市Fonseca市Pondores地区的Nueva Colombia(新哥伦比亚)农场提出的系统就是这种情况。为了回答“Nueva Colombia农场的生产系统是否可持续?”，我们对所使用的五个系统(玉米[Zea mays L.]、木薯[Manihot esculenta Crantz]、大蕉[Musa x paradisiaca L. var. Hartón]、养牛和家禽养殖)进行了定性农业生态评估。生产者、技术顾问和研究人员参与了评估，目标是建立一个可行性基线和标准，以确定分配资源的便利性，以确保系统的连续性。结果表明，Nueva Colombia农场位于一个非常干燥的热带森林生活区。评估结果显示，大蕉和木薯的可持续性中等，玉米的可持续性较弱。至于动物生产系统，我们发现，养牛不是一个可持续的系统，因此，它的经营是不可行的，而家禽养殖是中等可持续的。我们的结论是，不建议继续养牛，应将资源重新分配给改善家禽养殖系统。农业系统需要采取措施，增加作物的特定和空间多样性，以及它们的抗逆性和土壤中有机质的比例。
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS","authors":"Abelardo Conde-Pulgarín, Claudia Patricia Álvarez Ochoa, Rosalba Frías-Navarro, Santiago Sáenz-Torres","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2892","url":null,"abstract":"Consolidating the peace process in Colombian territory requires determining the relevance of the agricultural and livestock production systems promoted by national and international organisms as an economic alternative in the reincorporation of Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) ex-combatants. Such is the case with the systems proposed in the Nueva Colombia (New Colombia) farm, located in the Pondores area of the Fonseca municipality in La Guajira, Colombia. In order to answer the question “Are the production systems of the Nueva Colombia farm sustainable?”, we carried out a qualitative agroecological assessment of five systems used (maize [Zea mays L.], cassava [Manihot esculenta Crantz], plantain [Musa x paradisiaca L. var. Hartón], cattle ranching, and poultry farming). Producers, technical consultants, and researchers participated in the assessment, with the goal of establishing a viability baseline and criteria to determine the convenience of allocating resources for the continuity of the systems. The results show that the Nueva Colombia farm is located in a very dry tropical forest life zone. The assessment shows moderate sustainability for plantain and cassava crops and weak sustainability for maize. As for the animal production systems, it was found that cattle ranching is not a sustainable system and that, therefore, its operation is not viable, while poultry farming is moderately sustainable. We concluded that it is not advisable to continue cattle production, and that the resources should be reallocated towards improving the poultry farming system. The agricultural systems require the implementation of practices that increase the specific and spatial diversity of crops, as well as their stress tolerance and the proportion of organic matter in soil.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135865001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i6.2738
Jeronimo Herrera-Pérez, Daniel Hernández-González, Paulino Sánchez-Santillán, Nicolás Torres-Salado, Marco Antonio Ayala-Monter, Luis Antonio Saavedra-Jiménez, Gerardo Noé Rosales-Martínez
The low nutritive value of pastures in tropical regions represents a limitation in the productivity of grazing ruminants. The objective was to determine the in vitro chemical and fermentative characteristics of nine tropical grasses (Aruana [Panicum maximun Jacq. cv. Aruana], Bermuda [Cynodon dactylon L.], Estrella de África [Cynodon Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst], Insurgente [Brachiaria brizantha Hochst. Stapf.], Llanero [Andropogon gayanus Kunth], Mombaza [Panicum maximun Jacq. cv. Mombaza], Pará [Brachiaria mutica Stapf], Pangola [Digitaria eriantha Steud.], and Tanzania [Panicum maximun Jacq. cv. Tanzania]) at three regrowth ages (30, 45, and 60 days). The chemical analysis was used to determine the concentrations of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and ash (Ce). The in vitro trial measured partial (24, 48, and 72 h) and cumulative biogas and methane production, fermentation kinetics estimators (A, b, and k), dry matter degradation (DMD) and detergent neutral fiber degradation (NDFD), pH, and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3). The experimental design was completely randomized at each regrowth age. In conclusion, based on chemical analysis and fermentative characteristics, Pangola and Estrella pastures performed better at each regrowth age.
{"title":"In vitro CHEMICAL AND FERMENTATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL PASTURES AT DIFFERENT AGES OF REGROWTH","authors":"Jeronimo Herrera-Pérez, Daniel Hernández-González, Paulino Sánchez-Santillán, Nicolás Torres-Salado, Marco Antonio Ayala-Monter, Luis Antonio Saavedra-Jiménez, Gerardo Noé Rosales-Martínez","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i6.2738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i6.2738","url":null,"abstract":"The low nutritive value of pastures in tropical regions represents a limitation in the productivity of grazing ruminants. The objective was to determine the in vitro chemical and fermentative characteristics of nine tropical grasses (Aruana [Panicum maximun Jacq. cv. Aruana], Bermuda [Cynodon dactylon L.], Estrella de África [Cynodon Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst], Insurgente [Brachiaria brizantha Hochst. Stapf.], Llanero [Andropogon gayanus Kunth], Mombaza [Panicum maximun Jacq. cv. Mombaza], Pará [Brachiaria mutica Stapf], Pangola [Digitaria eriantha Steud.], and Tanzania [Panicum maximun Jacq. cv. Tanzania]) at three regrowth ages (30, 45, and 60 days). The chemical analysis was used to determine the concentrations of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and ash (Ce). The in vitro trial measured partial (24, 48, and 72 h) and cumulative biogas and methane production, fermentation kinetics estimators (A, b, and k), dry matter degradation (DMD) and detergent neutral fiber degradation (NDFD), pH, and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3). The experimental design was completely randomized at each regrowth age. In conclusion, based on chemical analysis and fermentative characteristics, Pangola and Estrella pastures performed better at each regrowth age.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135064144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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