Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i4.2972
Guadalupe Olmedo-Obrero, C. A. Villaseñor-Perea, Arturo Mancera-Rico, Emigdio De la Cruz-De la Cruz, Ma. del Rosario Venegas-Ordoñez, G. López-Canteñs, C. Serna-Abascal
The fruit of black sapote (Diospyros nigra (J.F.Gmel.) Perr.) has been consumed in Mexico and Central America since pre-Hispanic times. They contain antioxidant compounds, minerals, and vitamins, making them valuable for nutraceutical and agro-industrial applications. Despite this, there is no scientific information on the physical and mechanical characterization of the fruit that helps in the design and development of protocols and equipment for storage, handling, processing, and added value for a better use of the fruit. In the present work, the physical and mechanical qualities of physiologically ripe black sapote fruit from the State of Hidalgo, Mexico, were characterized after one day of storage after harvest under environmental storage conditions. Models were also determined for the prediction of the mass of the fruit using their dimensional characteristics, finding that the quadratic models based on the volume of the ellipsoid (R2 = 0.8919) and width of the fruit (R2 = 0.8252) were the most appropriate to predict their mass. Likewise, a maximum compressive load force of 869.99 N and an apparent modulus of elasticity of 0.0.088 MPa were determined.
{"title":"PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND MASS MODELING BY GEOMETRICAL ATTRIBUTES OF BLACK SAPOTE (Diospyros nigra (J.F.Gmel.) Perr.)","authors":"Guadalupe Olmedo-Obrero, C. A. Villaseñor-Perea, Arturo Mancera-Rico, Emigdio De la Cruz-De la Cruz, Ma. del Rosario Venegas-Ordoñez, G. López-Canteñs, C. Serna-Abascal","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i4.2972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i4.2972","url":null,"abstract":"The fruit of black sapote (Diospyros nigra (J.F.Gmel.) Perr.) has been consumed in Mexico and Central America since pre-Hispanic times. They contain antioxidant compounds, minerals, and vitamins, making them valuable for nutraceutical and agro-industrial applications. Despite this, there is no scientific information on the physical and mechanical characterization of the fruit that helps in the design and development of protocols and equipment for storage, handling, processing, and added value for a better use of the fruit. In the present work, the physical and mechanical qualities of physiologically ripe black sapote fruit from the State of Hidalgo, Mexico, were characterized after one day of storage after harvest under environmental storage conditions. Models were also determined for the prediction of the mass of the fruit using their dimensional characteristics, finding that the quadratic models based on the volume of the ellipsoid (R2 = 0.8919) and width of the fruit (R2 = 0.8252) were the most appropriate to predict their mass. Likewise, a maximum compressive load force of 869.99 N and an apparent modulus of elasticity of 0.0.088 MPa were determined.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i4.2901
Nohemí Escamilla-Hernández, Arnulfo Aldrete, J. Vargas-Hernández, Ángel Villegas-Monter, Miguel A. López-López
Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. is endemic to Mexico and is used in both reforestation programs and in the timber industry due to its fast growth, wood quality, and easy handling. With the advance in genetic breeding programs, there is a need to massively propagate new plants from cuttings. One of the main challenges for this purpose is to know the effect of the age of the mother plant (hedge) on the rooting of cuttings. The younger the plant, the greater the rooting is expected to be. Three ontological ages of P. patula mother plants were compared (7, 10, and 13 months). The experimental design was in complete random blocks, with four replications and 25 cuttings per experimental unit. The response variables were evaluated 20 weeks after the experiment was established. No significant differences were observed in the rooting of the three ages evaluated (67.3 to 81 %), nor in the quality of the root (number and length of primary roots, percentage of plants with secondary roots). The results point out an advantage for the propagation of Pinus cuttings since the mother plants at those ages are capable of generating juvenile cuttings that are adequate to obtain percentages of rooting of over 75 %.
Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham.是墨西哥的特有树种，因其生长速度快、木材质量好且易于处理而被用于植树造林计划和木材工业。随着遗传育种计划的发展，需要大量扦插繁殖新植物。为此面临的主要挑战之一是了解母株（绿篱）的年龄对插条生根的影响。植株越年轻，生根的可能性就越大。我们比较了 P. patula 母株的三个本体年龄（7 个月、10 个月和 13 个月）。实验设计为完全随机区组，每个实验单元有四个重复和 25 个插条。实验开始 20 周后，对反应变量进行了评估。所评估的三个年龄段的生根率（67.3% 至 81%）和根的质量（主根的数量和长度、有次生根的植株百分比）均无明显差异。这些结果表明了松树扦插繁殖的优势，因为这些年龄段的母株能够产生足够的幼枝，使生根率超过 75%。
{"title":"ROOTING OF JUVENILE CUTTINGS OF Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. HEDGES","authors":"Nohemí Escamilla-Hernández, Arnulfo Aldrete, J. Vargas-Hernández, Ángel Villegas-Monter, Miguel A. López-López","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i4.2901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i4.2901","url":null,"abstract":"Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. is endemic to Mexico and is used in both reforestation programs and in the timber industry due to its fast growth, wood quality, and easy handling. With the advance in genetic breeding programs, there is a need to massively propagate new plants from cuttings. One of the main challenges for this purpose is to know the effect of the age of the mother plant (hedge) on the rooting of cuttings. The younger the plant, the greater the rooting is expected to be. Three ontological ages of P. patula mother plants were compared (7, 10, and 13 months). The experimental design was in complete random blocks, with four replications and 25 cuttings per experimental unit. The response variables were evaluated 20 weeks after the experiment was established. No significant differences were observed in the rooting of the three ages evaluated (67.3 to 81 %), nor in the quality of the root (number and length of primary roots, percentage of plants with secondary roots). The results point out an advantage for the propagation of Pinus cuttings since the mother plants at those ages are capable of generating juvenile cuttings that are adequate to obtain percentages of rooting of over 75 %.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i4.3029
R. I. Castillo-Zamudio, Noemí Soto-Reyes, R. D. Vargas-Sánchez, Brisa del Mar Torres-Martínez, G. R. Torrescano-Urrutia, A. Sánchez-Escalante
In the Ejido La Gavia, in the municipality of Almoloya de Juárez, State of Mexico, the soils Lipid oxidation and microbial growth are factors associated with meat product quality loss. Different synthetic additives are used to reduce both processes, but their use has been linked to health risks. Thus, the use of natural ingredients has been suggested as a strategy to prevent these factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mesquite honey on the oxidative stability and microbial growth of uncooked and cooked pork sausages during refrigerated storage. Pollen origin, moisture, and phenolic compound content of collected honey were evaluated, and the data were only presented as descriptive statistics. The effect of a natural additive (mesquite honey at 5 and 10 %) and two synthetic additives (caffeic acid phenethyl ester at 100 and 200 ppm and butylhydroxytoluene at 0.02 %) on oxidative stability and microbial growth were also measured, and the data were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance. All data were obtained from three independent experiments. Results showed that honey samples had a moisture content of 15.8 %, and Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. (mesquite) was the dominant pollen identified (> 45 %). In addition, kaempferol, pinocembrin, caffeic acid, and luteolin were the major phenolic compounds in mesquite honey. The inclusion of mesquite honey in uncooked and cooked pork sausages increased oxidative stability by reducing pH and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and decreased microbial growth by reducing mesophilic and psychrophilic counts. The addition of mesquite honey to undercooked pig sausages reduced color changes and MMb development. Furthermore, during storage, the concentration of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) decreased. This study found that mesquite honey has greater potential as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial ingredient for uncooked and cooked pork sausages than synthetic additives.
{"title":"ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF MESQUITE HONEY ON PORK SAUSAGES DURING STORAGE","authors":"R. I. Castillo-Zamudio, Noemí Soto-Reyes, R. D. Vargas-Sánchez, Brisa del Mar Torres-Martínez, G. R. Torrescano-Urrutia, A. Sánchez-Escalante","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i4.3029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i4.3029","url":null,"abstract":"In the Ejido La Gavia, in the municipality of Almoloya de Juárez, State of Mexico, the soils Lipid oxidation and microbial growth are factors associated with meat product quality loss. Different synthetic additives are used to reduce both processes, but their use has been linked to health risks. Thus, the use of natural ingredients has been suggested as a strategy to prevent these factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mesquite honey on the oxidative stability and microbial growth of uncooked and cooked pork sausages during refrigerated storage. Pollen origin, moisture, and phenolic compound content of collected honey were evaluated, and the data were only presented as descriptive statistics. The effect of a natural additive (mesquite honey at 5 and 10 %) and two synthetic additives (caffeic acid phenethyl ester at 100 and 200 ppm and butylhydroxytoluene at 0.02 %) on oxidative stability and microbial growth were also measured, and the data were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance. All data were obtained from three independent experiments. Results showed that honey samples had a moisture content of 15.8 %, and Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. (mesquite) was the dominant pollen identified (> 45 %). In addition, kaempferol, pinocembrin, caffeic acid, and luteolin were the major phenolic compounds in mesquite honey. The inclusion of mesquite honey in uncooked and cooked pork sausages increased oxidative stability by reducing pH and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and decreased microbial growth by reducing mesophilic and psychrophilic counts. The addition of mesquite honey to undercooked pig sausages reduced color changes and MMb development. Furthermore, during storage, the concentration of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) decreased. This study found that mesquite honey has greater potential as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial ingredient for uncooked and cooked pork sausages than synthetic additives.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.2980
Gilberto Rodríguez-Pérez, Alejandro García-Ramírez, Felipe de Jesús Reynaga-Franco, J. E. Mendívil-Mendoza, F. Cervantes-Ortiz, E. Andrio-Enríquez, M. Mendoza-Elos
Corn (Zea mays L.) production in Mexico is in deficit despite generating 27 million Mg. In southern Sonora, the planted area has grown significantly over the last four years, from 544 to 680 thousand Mg produced in 2018 and 2021, respectively. Ninety-seven percent of the production corresponds to improved white-colored maize from transnational companies; however, there are no commercial plantings of colored maize. The objective of this research was to estimate grain yield and its agronomic components in improved purple corn hybrids in southern Sonora, Mexico, over three years using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction method (AMMI). A randomized, complete-block experimental design with three replications was used. The plots were two 4 m long furrows with a stocking density of 100 000 plants ha-1. The variables recorded were: grain yield (RG), thousand-kernel weight (PMG), ear length (LM), grains per row (GH), rows per ear (HM), and hectoliter weight (PH). The results showed statistical differences among years, hybrids, and their interaction (AxH) in all variables. The AMMI model was highly effective, allowing the identification of hybrids 1, 2, 7, and 10 with greater stability in the year 2021 associated with RG, PH, and LM, obtaining outstanding averages in all variables and being more appropriate for the climatic conditions of southern Sonora. On the contrary, the most sensitive hybrid with the highest interaction was 4, associated with GH and HM; hybrids 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, and 12 were stable with negative values in 2019 and 2020.
{"title":"YIELD STABILITY OF PURPLE CORN HYBRIDS (Zea mays L.) IN SOUTHERN SONORA, MEXICO","authors":"Gilberto Rodríguez-Pérez, Alejandro García-Ramírez, Felipe de Jesús Reynaga-Franco, J. E. Mendívil-Mendoza, F. Cervantes-Ortiz, E. Andrio-Enríquez, M. Mendoza-Elos","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.2980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.2980","url":null,"abstract":"Corn (Zea mays L.) production in Mexico is in deficit despite generating 27 million Mg. In southern Sonora, the planted area has grown significantly over the last four years, from 544 to 680 thousand Mg produced in 2018 and 2021, respectively. Ninety-seven percent of the production corresponds to improved white-colored maize from transnational companies; however, there are no commercial plantings of colored maize. The objective of this research was to estimate grain yield and its agronomic components in improved purple corn hybrids in southern Sonora, Mexico, over three years using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction method (AMMI). A randomized, complete-block experimental design with three replications was used. The plots were two 4 m long furrows with a stocking density of 100 000 plants ha-1. The variables recorded were: grain yield (RG), thousand-kernel weight (PMG), ear length (LM), grains per row (GH), rows per ear (HM), and hectoliter weight (PH). The results showed statistical differences among years, hybrids, and their interaction (AxH) in all variables. The AMMI model was highly effective, allowing the identification of hybrids 1, 2, 7, and 10 with greater stability in the year 2021 associated with RG, PH, and LM, obtaining outstanding averages in all variables and being more appropriate for the climatic conditions of southern Sonora. On the contrary, the most sensitive hybrid with the highest interaction was 4, associated with GH and HM; hybrids 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, and 12 were stable with negative values in 2019 and 2020.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140664636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-23DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3103
Liliana del Rocío Castro-López, Lizzette Velasco-Aulcy, Alejandra Chávez-Márquez, Cinthya De Lira-García, Carolina Mata-Miranda, Guillermo Castillo
Ensenada wine country, in the State of Baja California, Mexico, accounts for approximately 70–80 % of Mexico’s wine production. Despite its significance, detailed knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of wines remains limited. In this study, we examined nine physicochemical properties of 69 commercial red wines produced from the Tempranillo and Cabernet Sauvignon varietals in the San Vicente, Santo Tomás, and Guadalupe valleys. The pH, total acidity, acetic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, total polyphenols, glucose/fructose ratio, alcohol content, and red color intensity were all analyzed. Tempranillo wines showed significantly higher levels of acetic acid, lactic acid, and total acidity, but lower levels of total polyphenols and malic acid than Cabernet Sauvignon wines. Furthermore, wines from the Santo Tomás region have significantly higher alcohol content, glucose/fructose ratio, total polyphenols, red color intensity, and total acidity, distinguishing them from the wines of San Vicente and Guadalupe. Our results highlight the influence of the grape variety on wine chemistry, emphasizing the possibility for further optimization of the winemaking processes for the benefit of vine growers, enologists, and wine production in the region.
{"title":"PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RED WINES (CABERNET SAUVIGNON AND TEMPRANILLO) FROM ENSENADA, BAJA CALIFORNIA","authors":"Liliana del Rocío Castro-López, Lizzette Velasco-Aulcy, Alejandra Chávez-Márquez, Cinthya De Lira-García, Carolina Mata-Miranda, Guillermo Castillo","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3103","url":null,"abstract":"Ensenada wine country, in the State of Baja California, Mexico, accounts for approximately 70–80 % of Mexico’s wine production. Despite its significance, detailed knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of wines remains limited. In this study, we examined nine physicochemical properties of 69 commercial red wines produced from the Tempranillo and Cabernet Sauvignon varietals in the San Vicente, Santo Tomás, and Guadalupe valleys. The pH, total acidity, acetic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, total polyphenols, glucose/fructose ratio, alcohol content, and red color intensity were all analyzed. Tempranillo wines showed significantly higher levels of acetic acid, lactic acid, and total acidity, but lower levels of total polyphenols and malic acid than Cabernet Sauvignon wines. Furthermore, wines from the Santo Tomás region have significantly higher alcohol content, glucose/fructose ratio, total polyphenols, red color intensity, and total acidity, distinguishing them from the wines of San Vicente and Guadalupe. Our results highlight the influence of the grape variety on wine chemistry, emphasizing the possibility for further optimization of the winemaking processes for the benefit of vine growers, enologists, and wine production in the region.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140667965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.2959
Andrea Guadalupe Pacheco-Chacón, Ángel Villegas-Monter, L. Trejo-Téllez, H. A. Zavaleta-Mancera, Guillermo Calderón-Zavala
Fruit tree cultivation requires rootstocks that are resistant to both biotic and abiotic stresses. The container size and substrate used are essential components in their development. Despite this, there are few studies on the impact of substrates on plant development in citrus trees under nursery conditions. This study aimed to assess the effects of three different ratios of pine bark in the substrate of three developing citrus rootstocks in a protected environment (greenhouse). The study conducted at the Cazones Nursery in Cazones de Herrera, Veracruz, Mexico, hypothesized that an increase in bark proportion would lead to a rise in the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate and the development of the three rootstocks. The study utilized a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement (A × B). Factor A (rootstock) had three levels: Citrus aurantium L. (Sour Orange), C. volkameriana Pasq. (Volkamer Lemon), and C. sinensis L. × Poncirus trifoliata L. (Citrage C-35). Factor B (substrate) had four levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 % pine bark), resulting in 12 treatments with 20 repetitions each. The physical and chemical characteristics of the substrates were determined, and the plant height and stem diameter were measured. Pine bark positively affected the apparent and real densities, total porosity, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity. The growth dynamics of the three rootstocks were greater during the second and third months after grafting. When grown in substrates with a total porosity of 46–54 %, Volkamer Lemon, Citrage C-35, and Sour Orange rootstocks reached a plant height of 124.1, 110.5, and 84.5 cm, respectively; the stem diameter reached 6.9 mm. Porosity and cation exchange capacity increased when pine bark was added to the substrates. By evaluating the substrates and managing them proportionally, it is possible to obtain plants suitable for grafting (with 5 to 6 mm of stem) within four months after transplanting. This results in less time spent in the nursery and reduced costs.
{"title":"PINE BARK RATIO IN SUBSTRATE FOR CITRUS ROOTSTOCK NURSERY PRODUCTION","authors":"Andrea Guadalupe Pacheco-Chacón, Ángel Villegas-Monter, L. Trejo-Téllez, H. A. Zavaleta-Mancera, Guillermo Calderón-Zavala","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.2959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.2959","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit tree cultivation requires rootstocks that are resistant to both biotic and abiotic stresses. The container size and substrate used are essential components in their development. Despite this, there are few studies on the impact of substrates on plant development in citrus trees under nursery conditions. This study aimed to assess the effects of three different ratios of pine bark in the substrate of three developing citrus rootstocks in a protected environment (greenhouse). The study conducted at the Cazones Nursery in Cazones de Herrera, Veracruz, Mexico, hypothesized that an increase in bark proportion would lead to a rise in the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate and the development of the three rootstocks. The study utilized a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement (A × B). Factor A (rootstock) had three levels: Citrus aurantium L. (Sour Orange), C. volkameriana Pasq. (Volkamer Lemon), and C. sinensis L. × Poncirus trifoliata L. (Citrage C-35). Factor B (substrate) had four levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 % pine bark), resulting in 12 treatments with 20 repetitions each. The physical and chemical characteristics of the substrates were determined, and the plant height and stem diameter were measured. Pine bark positively affected the apparent and real densities, total porosity, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity. The growth dynamics of the three rootstocks were greater during the second and third months after grafting. When grown in substrates with a total porosity of 46–54 %, Volkamer Lemon, Citrage C-35, and Sour Orange rootstocks reached a plant height of 124.1, 110.5, and 84.5 cm, respectively; the stem diameter reached 6.9 mm. Porosity and cation exchange capacity increased when pine bark was added to the substrates. By evaluating the substrates and managing them proportionally, it is possible to obtain plants suitable for grafting (with 5 to 6 mm of stem) within four months after transplanting. This results in less time spent in the nursery and reduced costs.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3034
L. D. L. Saavedra-Romero, D. Alvarado-Rosales
Knowledge of the health condition of urban trees is fundamental for making decisions regarding management and resource allocation. The objective of this study was to determine the current health status of the trees at the National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics, and Electronics (INAOE) in San Andres Cholula, Mexico. Five health indicators previously used in urban forests were assessed. The structure and diversity indicator indicated the existence of 2210 trees, mostly (58.8 %) of small size (< 20 cm average diameter at breast height), 20 botanical families, and 32 tree species. The crown condition and its variables indicated high foliage transparency (> 40 %) in some of its species and low percentages of dieback. Live crown ratio and crown density were moderate in eight and six species, respectively. The tree damage indicator showed the existence of 44 damaging agents in 956 trees (43.3 % of the total), highlighting the ball moss (Tillandsia recurvata), the felt fungus of evergreen ash (Septobasidium sp.) associated with an armored scale, the same fungus also affecting white cedar (Hesperocyparis lusitanica) in association with another scale (a new record), and two bark beetles, Hylesinus aztecus in evergreen ash, and Phloesinus sp. in white cedar. Regarding the mortality indicator, 75 trees (3.3 %) were recorded. Finally, the soil condition indicated that the pH was close to neutral, with electrical conductivity values above 2 dS m-1 and a low beneficial mycoflora population. All these factors, together with the imbalance in tree diversity, high planting density, compacted soils, and the presence of risky trees, are negatively affecting the health of INAOE’s tree community.
{"title":"TREE HEALTH ASSESSMENT IN AN INSTITUTIONAL GREEN SPACE: INAOE CASE STUDY","authors":"L. D. L. Saavedra-Romero, D. Alvarado-Rosales","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.3034","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the health condition of urban trees is fundamental for making decisions regarding management and resource allocation. The objective of this study was to determine the current health status of the trees at the National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics, and Electronics (INAOE) in San Andres Cholula, Mexico. Five health indicators previously used in urban forests were assessed. The structure and diversity indicator indicated the existence of 2210 trees, mostly (58.8 %) of small size (< 20 cm average diameter at breast height), 20 botanical families, and 32 tree species. The crown condition and its variables indicated high foliage transparency (> 40 %) in some of its species and low percentages of dieback. Live crown ratio and crown density were moderate in eight and six species, respectively. The tree damage indicator showed the existence of 44 damaging agents in 956 trees (43.3 % of the total), highlighting the ball moss (Tillandsia recurvata), the felt fungus of evergreen ash (Septobasidium sp.) associated with an armored scale, the same fungus also affecting white cedar (Hesperocyparis lusitanica) in association with another scale (a new record), and two bark beetles, Hylesinus aztecus in evergreen ash, and Phloesinus sp. in white cedar. Regarding the mortality indicator, 75 trees (3.3 %) were recorded. Finally, the soil condition indicated that the pH was close to neutral, with electrical conductivity values above 2 dS m-1 and a low beneficial mycoflora population. All these factors, together with the imbalance in tree diversity, high planting density, compacted soils, and the presence of risky trees, are negatively affecting the health of INAOE’s tree community.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.2813
E. Quintana-Obregón, M. Muy-Rangel, M. Vargas-Ortiz, J. B. Heredia, V. Pérez-Rubio, Rosa María López-Romero, C. San-Martín-Hernández
Pectin content decreases as mango (Mangifera indica L.) maturity progresses. When making jam, a hydrocolloid will be required, which can impact the physicochemical and sensory properties of the processed product. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of two mango maturity stages (60 and 100 %) and four different gelling agents (pectin, xanthan gum, guar gum, and corn starch) on the physicochemical and sensory properties of jams, using a commercial jam as a control. Eight treatments were obtained, and a completely randomized experimental design was applied. The experimental unit was a glass jar (250 g) of jam with three replicates for physicochemical and sensory analysis. Analysis of variance and comparisons of means with Tukey’s test were carried out with SAS® software. The physicochemical properties of the jam were affected according to its formulation. Those with 100 % ripe mango plus pectin or corn starch showed maximum pH values of 3.7 and 3.8, respectively, but lower acidity (0.6 %). The jams with 60 % ripe mango and pectin or corn starch had higher levels of dietary fiber (1.42 and 1.47 %) and protein (0.97 and 0.79 %), with no differences from the control. In terms of texture, the formulation with 60 % ripe mango plus pectin was statistically superior to the other jams. The jam with 60 % ripe mango and corn starch had the highest sensory color and was comparable to the control, but in hue, it was instrumentally different from the other formulations. Changes in fruit maturity from 60 to 100 % and the type of gelling agent modified the physicochemical properties and sensory color of ‘Kent’ mango jam, confirming the effect of formulation on the attributes evaluated.
{"title":"IMPACT OF THE ‘KENT’ MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) JAM FORMULATION WITH DIFFERENT GELLING AGENTS ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES","authors":"E. Quintana-Obregón, M. Muy-Rangel, M. Vargas-Ortiz, J. B. Heredia, V. Pérez-Rubio, Rosa María López-Romero, C. San-Martín-Hernández","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.2813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i3.2813","url":null,"abstract":"Pectin content decreases as mango (Mangifera indica L.) maturity progresses. When making jam, a hydrocolloid will be required, which can impact the physicochemical and sensory properties of the processed product. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of two mango maturity stages (60 and 100 %) and four different gelling agents (pectin, xanthan gum, guar gum, and corn starch) on the physicochemical and sensory properties of jams, using a commercial jam as a control. Eight treatments were obtained, and a completely randomized experimental design was applied. The experimental unit was a glass jar (250 g) of jam with three replicates for physicochemical and sensory analysis. Analysis of variance and comparisons of means with Tukey’s test were carried out with SAS® software. The physicochemical properties of the jam were affected according to its formulation. Those with 100 % ripe mango plus pectin or corn starch showed maximum pH values of 3.7 and 3.8, respectively, but lower acidity (0.6 %). The jams with 60 % ripe mango and pectin or corn starch had higher levels of dietary fiber (1.42 and 1.47 %) and protein (0.97 and 0.79 %), with no differences from the control. In terms of texture, the formulation with 60 % ripe mango plus pectin was statistically superior to the other jams. The jam with 60 % ripe mango and corn starch had the highest sensory color and was comparable to the control, but in hue, it was instrumentally different from the other formulations. Changes in fruit maturity from 60 to 100 % and the type of gelling agent modified the physicochemical properties and sensory color of ‘Kent’ mango jam, confirming the effect of formulation on the attributes evaluated.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i2.3164
Gloria Selene Herrera-Reyes, Miguel Ángel Martínez-Reyes, Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez, Juan Romero-Padilla, Ignacio Luna-Espinoza, Javier Suárez-Espinosa
Multiple responses are often generated in agricultural and forestry research. For example, the moisture content, fatty acids, carbohydrates, size, diameter, length, shape and hardness, among other characteristics are measured to cottonseed. Of course, multiple responses are observed in many other areas of research. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) can be useful for multiple response analysis when differences in treatment effects are to be determined. However, the performance of current post hoc tests in this context is not satisfactory due to the limitations of the available methods, or because they are difficult to use for non-statistician researchers. Furthermore, this methodology requires the assumptions of multivariate normality and homogeneity of variance and covariance matrices, assumptions that are difficult to verify if the sample size is small. This research proposes an alternative analysis to test the hypothesis of equality of effects between treatments and post hoc tests in the case of multiple responses. An asymptotic result is demonstrated for the random variable generated in the proposal for the case of uncorrelated normal variables and the case for correlated normal random variables is left open. A simulation study shows that the performance of the proposal with small samples is satisfactory in terms of power and that it has advantages compared to MANOVA. Furthermore, the methodological approach allows for post hoc testing in the case of multiple responses in the completely randomized experimental design.
{"title":"ANALYSIS FOR MULTIPLE RESPONSES IN A COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN","authors":"Gloria Selene Herrera-Reyes, Miguel Ángel Martínez-Reyes, Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez, Juan Romero-Padilla, Ignacio Luna-Espinoza, Javier Suárez-Espinosa","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i2.3164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i2.3164","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple responses are often generated in agricultural and forestry research. For example, the moisture content, fatty acids, carbohydrates, size, diameter, length, shape and hardness, among other characteristics are measured to cottonseed. Of course, multiple responses are observed in many other areas of research. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) can be useful for multiple response analysis when differences in treatment effects are to be determined. However, the performance of current post hoc tests in this context is not satisfactory due to the limitations of the available methods, or because they are difficult to use for non-statistician researchers. Furthermore, this methodology requires the assumptions of multivariate normality and homogeneity of variance and covariance matrices, assumptions that are difficult to verify if the sample size is small. This research proposes an alternative analysis to test the hypothesis of equality of effects between treatments and post hoc tests in the case of multiple responses. An asymptotic result is demonstrated for the random variable generated in the proposal for the case of uncorrelated normal variables and the case for correlated normal random variables is left open. A simulation study shows that the performance of the proposal with small samples is satisfactory in terms of power and that it has advantages compared to MANOVA. Furthermore, the methodological approach allows for post hoc testing in the case of multiple responses in the completely randomized experimental design.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i2.3020
Pedro Del Aguila-Juárez, Rocio Vaca-Paulín, Nadia De la Portilla-López, Jorge Lugo-de la Fuente, Gustavo Yáñez-Ocampo, Patricia Rivera-García, Armando Cervantes-Sandoval
Vermicompost is considered an environmental quality to manage agricultural residues because it improves the structure, provides nutrients to the soil, and helps to mitigate the impact on the environment. The objective of this study was to know the residence time by applying a kinetic model of carbon mineralization, evaluating chemical and biological parameters obtained during the processing time of a vermicompost. Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were used comparing different doses of residual sludge (LR) at 0, 10, 20 and 40 Mg, keeping constant the dose of domestic waste (RD) and cattle manure (EV) at a ratio of 1:1 (dry basis). An AxB factorial design was used, where A represented the LR dose and B the type of residues (RD and EV); thus, eight treatments with nine replicates were compared. The pH, organic matter (MO), total nitrogen, C/N ratio, respiratory activity, C mineralization, and residence time were determined. The results of the treatments indicate a slightly alkaline trend. MO was different among treatments, with higher percentage of MO in EV and LR with 40 Mg of LR (28.92 ± 10.78 %, F (7,88) = 2.63, p ≤ 0.01). The percentage of total N was low, but the treatment containing 40 Mg of LR and RD (1.04 ± 0.62 %, F7,88 = 3.87, p < 0.01) stood out. C/N ratios < 20, indicating stability, were recorded in the treatments with LR and EV. The vermicompost obtained by 40 Mg of LR and EV complied with a minimum residence time (less than 70 days) during its processing, which makes it a highly recommendable option for application in agriculture.
蚯蚓堆肥被认为是管理农业残留物的一种环境质量，因为它能改善土壤结构，为土壤提供养分，并有助于减轻对环境的影响。本研究的目的是通过应用碳矿化动力学模型，评估蚯蚓堆肥处理过程中获得的化学和生物参数，从而了解蚯蚓堆肥的停留时间。使用蚯蚓（Eisenia fetida）对不同剂量的剩余污泥（LR）（0、10、20 和 40 兆克）进行比较，同时保持生活垃圾（RD）和牛粪（EV）的剂量不变，比例为 1:1（干基）。采用了 AxB 因式设计，其中 A 代表 LR 剂量，B 代表残留物类型（RD 和 EV）；因此，共比较了 8 个处理和 9 个重复。测定了 pH 值、有机物（MO）、总氮、碳/氮比、呼吸活性、碳矿化度和停留时间。各处理的结果表明，pH 值呈弱碱性。不同处理间的有机物含量不同，EV 和 LR（含 40 毫克 LR）中的有机物含量较高（28.92 ± 10.78 %，F (7,88) = 2.63，p ≤ 0.01）。总氮百分比较低，但含有 40 毫克 LR 和 RD 的处理（1.04 ± 0.62 %，F7,88 = 3.87，p < 0.01）表现突出。在含有 LR 和 EV 的处理中，C/N 比率小于 20，这表明了稳定性。使用 40 毫克 LR 和 EV 得到的蛭肥在加工过程中的停留时间最短（少于 70 天），因此非常适合在农业中使用。
{"title":"EFFECT OF CHEMICAL INDICATORS AND RESPIRATORY ACTIVITY ON THE RESIDENCE TIME OF VERMICOMPOSTS","authors":"Pedro Del Aguila-Juárez, Rocio Vaca-Paulín, Nadia De la Portilla-López, Jorge Lugo-de la Fuente, Gustavo Yáñez-Ocampo, Patricia Rivera-García, Armando Cervantes-Sandoval","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i2.3020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i2.3020","url":null,"abstract":"Vermicompost is considered an environmental quality to manage agricultural residues because it improves the structure, provides nutrients to the soil, and helps to mitigate the impact on the environment. The objective of this study was to know the residence time by applying a kinetic model of carbon mineralization, evaluating chemical and biological parameters obtained during the processing time of a vermicompost. Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were used comparing different doses of residual sludge (LR) at 0, 10, 20 and 40 Mg, keeping constant the dose of domestic waste (RD) and cattle manure (EV) at a ratio of 1:1 (dry basis). An AxB factorial design was used, where A represented the LR dose and B the type of residues (RD and EV); thus, eight treatments with nine replicates were compared. The pH, organic matter (MO), total nitrogen, C/N ratio, respiratory activity, C mineralization, and residence time were determined. The results of the treatments indicate a slightly alkaline trend. MO was different among treatments, with higher percentage of MO in EV and LR with 40 Mg of LR (28.92 ± 10.78 %, F (7,88) = 2.63, p ≤ 0.01). The percentage of total N was low, but the treatment containing 40 Mg of LR and RD (1.04 ± 0.62 %, F7,88 = 3.87, p < 0.01) stood out. C/N ratios < 20, indicating stability, were recorded in the treatments with LR and EV. The vermicompost obtained by 40 Mg of LR and EV complied with a minimum residence time (less than 70 days) during its processing, which makes it a highly recommendable option for application in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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