Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v58i1.2822
L. Ledesma-Ramírez, E. Solís-Moya, L. Mariscal-Amaro, A. J. Gámez-Vázquez, J. F. Buenrostro-Rodríguez, S. S. González-Figueroa, Isnelda Elizabeth Quiñones-Martinez
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) provides approximately 20 % of the proteins and calories consumed globally. Genetic advancement in yield is crucial to satisfy the demand of the growing world population. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic progress in agronomic traits of varieties released in El Bajío (Mexico) between 1975 and 2016 under normal and restricted irrigation. The hypothesis was: with the breeding of wheat varieties for over 40 years for the region of El Bajío, advances have been made in grain yield. The genotypes planted were Salamanca S75, Cortazar S94, Bárcenas S2002, Urbina S2007, Alondra F2014 and Cisne F2016 during the 2016-17 and 2020-21 agricultural cycles in three irrigation schedules, two at 0 and 55 days after planting, three at 0-45 and 75 and four at 0-45-75 and 100 days after planting. Phenology, yield and its components were measured, and the treatment design followed a randomized complete block design with arrangements in subdivided plots and three replications. Using the weighted phenotypic model and its graphical representation through the SREG biplot, it was determined that recently released varieties outperformed the grain yield of older varieties in all three irrigation schedules. The varieties released between 1975 and 2016 displayed no changes in days to heading and maturity, since only early genotypes were advanced in the selection process. For grain yield, a genetic progress was obtained of 26.3, 41.6 and 37.6 kg ha-1 year-1 for the two, three and four irrigation schedules, respectively, which was related to an increase (p ≤ 0.01) in aerial biomass and a higher number of spikes and grains per unit area.
{"title":"GENETIC ADVANCEMENT IN BREAD WHEAT VARIETIES RELEASED FOR THE BAJÍO REGION (MEXICO) UNDER NORMAL AND RESTRICTED IRRIGATION","authors":"L. Ledesma-Ramírez, E. Solís-Moya, L. Mariscal-Amaro, A. J. Gámez-Vázquez, J. F. Buenrostro-Rodríguez, S. S. González-Figueroa, Isnelda Elizabeth Quiñones-Martinez","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v58i1.2822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v58i1.2822","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) provides approximately 20 % of the proteins and calories consumed globally. Genetic advancement in yield is crucial to satisfy the demand of the growing world population. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic progress in agronomic traits of varieties released in El Bajío (Mexico) between 1975 and 2016 under normal and restricted irrigation. The hypothesis was: with the breeding of wheat varieties for over 40 years for the region of El Bajío, advances have been made in grain yield. The genotypes planted were Salamanca S75, Cortazar S94, Bárcenas S2002, Urbina S2007, Alondra F2014 and Cisne F2016 during the 2016-17 and 2020-21 agricultural cycles in three irrigation schedules, two at 0 and 55 days after planting, three at 0-45 and 75 and four at 0-45-75 and 100 days after planting. Phenology, yield and its components were measured, and the treatment design followed a randomized complete block design with arrangements in subdivided plots and three replications. Using the weighted phenotypic model and its graphical representation through the SREG biplot, it was determined that recently released varieties outperformed the grain yield of older varieties in all three irrigation schedules. The varieties released between 1975 and 2016 displayed no changes in days to heading and maturity, since only early genotypes were advanced in the selection process. For grain yield, a genetic progress was obtained of 26.3, 41.6 and 37.6 kg ha-1 year-1 for the two, three and four irrigation schedules, respectively, which was related to an increase (p ≤ 0.01) in aerial biomass and a higher number of spikes and grains per unit area.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"109 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139383286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2956
N. Al-Dosary, Alex Greg Zolotorevskiy, Cassidy Paul Schram
The flight instability of an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) can be considered critical, and investigations of stability can be compared to the study of the stabilization of an inverted pendulum. This study investigated the stability of two dynamic systems, represented by an inverted pendulum and a simple approximation of an aircraft wing surface exposed to aerodynamic forces. This study illustrates the advantages of time-domain simulation for solving the differential equation of motion. The simulation used the Euler integration approach for various system parameters. Essentially, an aircraft in flight must constantly maintain pitch stability, which, in practical considerations, can be compared to the mechanism of a rotary motion represented by the up-swinging motion of an inverted pendulum. The pendulum may conserve the same concept as an aircraft’s acceleration, as both are affected by the same gravity and acceleration forces, in which the longitudinal stability of the aircraft must be ensured immediately upon takeoff. An inverted pendulum and a UAV aircraft system simulation were developed with basic MATLAB software. The inverted pendulum simulation showed that as the value of the spring’s stiffness at the limit of stability (klim) increased, the system became more convergent and, as a result, more stable. The stiffness of the spring at the limit of stability, klim = 32.69 N m-1 (i.e., equivalent to an initial angular rotation θ = 5 °), and the system’s stability were observed up to the value of klim = 179.79 N m-1, which resulted in an unstable short initial period. In addition, for the aircraft’s wing, the damping coefficient (clim) value was in the range of clim ≥ 10,000 N s m-1. Therefore, with the damping ratio ζ being equal to zero, the system vibrated consistently at its natural frequency (wn), never deviating drastically to become unstable.
无人驾驶航空飞行器（UAV）的飞行不稳定性可谓至关重要，其稳定性研究可与倒立摆的稳定性研究相提并论。本研究调查了两个动态系统的稳定性，一个是倒立摆，另一个是受空气动力影响的飞机机翼表面的简单近似值。这项研究说明了时域模拟在求解运动微分方程方面的优势。模拟采用欧拉积分法计算各种系统参数。从本质上讲，飞行中的飞机必须不断保持俯仰稳定性，在实际考虑中，这可以比作以倒立摆的上摆运动为代表的旋转运动机制。钟摆可以保持与飞机加速度相同的概念，因为两者都受到相同的重力和加速度力的影响，在这种情况下，飞机起飞后必须立即确保纵向稳定性。利用基本的 MATLAB 软件开发了倒立摆和无人驾驶飞行器系统仿真。倒立摆模拟显示，随着稳定极限弹簧刚度（klim）值的增加，系统变得更加收敛，从而更加稳定。稳定极限时的弹簧刚度 klim = 32.69 N m-1（即相当于初始角旋转 θ = 5°），系统的稳定性观察到 klim = 179.79 N m-1，该值导致初始短周期不稳定。此外，飞机机翼的阻尼系数（clim）值在 clim ≥ 10,000 N s m-1 的范围内。因此，在阻尼比 ζ 等于零的情况下，系统振动始终保持在其固有频率（wn）上，从未出现过大的偏差而变得不稳定。
{"title":"FUNCTIONAL STABILITY OF THE INVERTED PENDULUM AND ITS RELATION TO UNCREWED AERIAL VEHICLE WINGS THROUGH SYSTEM MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND SIMULATION","authors":"N. Al-Dosary, Alex Greg Zolotorevskiy, Cassidy Paul Schram","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2956","url":null,"abstract":"The flight instability of an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) can be considered critical, and investigations of stability can be compared to the study of the stabilization of an inverted pendulum. This study investigated the stability of two dynamic systems, represented by an inverted pendulum and a simple approximation of an aircraft wing surface exposed to aerodynamic forces. This study illustrates the advantages of time-domain simulation for solving the differential equation of motion. The simulation used the Euler integration approach for various system parameters. Essentially, an aircraft in flight must constantly maintain pitch stability, which, in practical considerations, can be compared to the mechanism of a rotary motion represented by the up-swinging motion of an inverted pendulum. The pendulum may conserve the same concept as an aircraft’s acceleration, as both are affected by the same gravity and acceleration forces, in which the longitudinal stability of the aircraft must be ensured immediately upon takeoff. An inverted pendulum and a UAV aircraft system simulation were developed with basic MATLAB software. The inverted pendulum simulation showed that as the value of the spring’s stiffness at the limit of stability (klim) increased, the system became more convergent and, as a result, more stable. The stiffness of the spring at the limit of stability, klim = 32.69 N m-1 (i.e., equivalent to an initial angular rotation θ = 5 °), and the system’s stability were observed up to the value of klim = 179.79 N m-1, which resulted in an unstable short initial period. In addition, for the aircraft’s wing, the damping coefficient (clim) value was in the range of clim ≥ 10,000 N s m-1. Therefore, with the damping ratio ζ being equal to zero, the system vibrated consistently at its natural frequency (wn), never deviating drastically to become unstable.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138976339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.3028
N. Real-Luna, J. Rivera-Hernández, G. Alcántara-Salinas, J. Pérez-Sato, Edgardo Zalazar-Marcial, Miguel Ignacio Delgado-Blancas, Amauri Díaz-Solís
Pollinators depend on the melliferous flora for food, in return, flowers are pollinated, which contributes for the maintenance of ecosystems and conservation of biodiversity, increasing food production and ensuring food security. This research aims to provide an inventory of melliferous flora and its annual availability in Cervantes y Lozada, Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico. During 26 months, the plants interacting with bees were collected on defined rural roads; we also documented the resource provided by the flowers (pollen, honey, etc.), their origin (native or exotic), life form and flowering periods. From 122 collections, 76 melliferous species were inventoried, grouped in 74 genera and 35 botanical families, being Asteraceae (25 %) the family with more species, followed by Malvaceae (9.21 %) and Lamiaceae (7.89 %); 67.11 % are polliniferous, 7.86 % nectariferous, and 25 % provide both; 82.89 % are native and 17.11 % exotic; 15.79 % are trees, 28.95 % shrubs and 55.26 % herbs. Seven species provided resources for bees all year round, two for 10 months and the rest for shorter periods. The flora species that were inventoried have different uses, so it is important to protect and promote the sustainable management of the melliferous flora, which is essential for the conservation of the pollination service, which in turn is essential for agriculture and ecosystems, in addition to protecting species of social, ecological, and economic importance.
{"title":"FLORISTIC INVENTORY AND ANNUAL AVAILABILITY OF MELLIFEROUS FLORA IN CERVANTES Y LOZADA, CORDOBA MUNICIPALITY, VERACRUZ, MEXICO","authors":"N. Real-Luna, J. Rivera-Hernández, G. Alcántara-Salinas, J. Pérez-Sato, Edgardo Zalazar-Marcial, Miguel Ignacio Delgado-Blancas, Amauri Díaz-Solís","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.3028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.3028","url":null,"abstract":"Pollinators depend on the melliferous flora for food, in return, flowers are pollinated, which contributes for the maintenance of ecosystems and conservation of biodiversity, increasing food production and ensuring food security. This research aims to provide an inventory of melliferous flora and its annual availability in Cervantes y Lozada, Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico. During 26 months, the plants interacting with bees were collected on defined rural roads; we also documented the resource provided by the flowers (pollen, honey, etc.), their origin (native or exotic), life form and flowering periods. From 122 collections, 76 melliferous species were inventoried, grouped in 74 genera and 35 botanical families, being Asteraceae (25 %) the family with more species, followed by Malvaceae (9.21 %) and Lamiaceae (7.89 %); 67.11 % are polliniferous, 7.86 % nectariferous, and 25 % provide both; 82.89 % are native and 17.11 % exotic; 15.79 % are trees, 28.95 % shrubs and 55.26 % herbs. Seven species provided resources for bees all year round, two for 10 months and the rest for shorter periods. The flora species that were inventoried have different uses, so it is important to protect and promote the sustainable management of the melliferous flora, which is essential for the conservation of the pollination service, which in turn is essential for agriculture and ecosystems, in addition to protecting species of social, ecological, and economic importance.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2946
Marco Antonio Villegas-Olguín, R. Mendoza-Villarreal, A. Benavides-Mendoza, H. T. García-Osuna, M. Cabrera-De la Fuente, V. Robledo-Torres
Flower cultivation has increased nationwide. Currently, species of the Dahlia genus (known colloquially as Dahlias) are grown for ornamental purposes, with central Mexico having the highest production rate. Due to its importance, we sought to evaluate the effect of three different methods of cultivation (shade net, greenhouse, and open field) on the growth and development of four dahlia varieties in Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Department of the Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Tuberous roots of four D. pinnata varieties were sown directly into the soil and covered with mulch. The shade netting production environment proved to be the best in production, with the best results in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and days to flowering. The highest-performing cultivar was the Antje variety. On the other hand, the Antje variety (cultivated under shade netting) had the longest flower stalks, the Boy Mick variety (cultivated in the greenhouse) had the heaviest flowers, and the Canby Centennial variety (cultivated in open field) had the flowers with the thickest stalks. The results show that Dahlias can be grown in northeastern Mexico because the area meets suitable conditions for crop development and production.
花卉种植在全国范围内有所增加。目前，大丽花属(俗称大丽花)的品种是为了观赏目的而种植的，墨西哥中部的产量最高。鉴于其重要性，我们试图评估三种不同的栽培方法(遮阳网、温室和露天田)对墨西哥科阿韦拉州萨尔提略四种大丽花品种生长发育的影响。这项实验是在Autónoma agaria Antonio Narro大学园艺系进行的。将4个羽石楠品种的块根直接播种到土壤中，并覆盖地膜。结果表明，遮阳网生产环境在生产上效果最好，在株高、茎粗、叶数和开花天数上效果最好。表现最好的品种是安特杰品种。另一方面，遮荫栽培的Antje品种花柄最长，温室栽培的Boy Mick品种花最重，露天栽培的Canby Centennial品种花柄最粗。结果表明，墨西哥东北部地区具有适宜的作物发育和生产条件，可以种植大丽花。
{"title":"AGRONOMIC RESPONSE OF FOUR Dahlia pinnata Cav. (Asteraceae) VARIETIES IN THREE PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTS","authors":"Marco Antonio Villegas-Olguín, R. Mendoza-Villarreal, A. Benavides-Mendoza, H. T. García-Osuna, M. Cabrera-De la Fuente, V. Robledo-Torres","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2946","url":null,"abstract":"Flower cultivation has increased nationwide. Currently, species of the Dahlia genus (known colloquially as Dahlias) are grown for ornamental purposes, with central Mexico having the highest production rate. Due to its importance, we sought to evaluate the effect of three different methods of cultivation (shade net, greenhouse, and open field) on the growth and development of four dahlia varieties in Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Department of the Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Tuberous roots of four D. pinnata varieties were sown directly into the soil and covered with mulch. The shade netting production environment proved to be the best in production, with the best results in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and days to flowering. The highest-performing cultivar was the Antje variety. On the other hand, the Antje variety (cultivated under shade netting) had the longest flower stalks, the Boy Mick variety (cultivated in the greenhouse) had the heaviest flowers, and the Canby Centennial variety (cultivated in open field) had the flowers with the thickest stalks. The results show that Dahlias can be grown in northeastern Mexico because the area meets suitable conditions for crop development and production.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"25 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138587830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-05DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2784
Orlando José Martínez-Canto, J. Cristóbal-Alejo, J. Tun-Suárez, A. Reyes-Ramírez
In this study, the antagonistic potential of Trichoderma erinaceum 10-15 and T. virens 32-09 against the nematode Meloidogyne incognita was evaluated in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. A solution of 106 conidia mL-1 of each strain was inoculated on tomato plants, and the variables of nematode control, galling index, eggs per gram of root, and females per gram of root were determined. The in vitro antagonism of Trichoderma filtrates on the hatching of eggs and J2 juveniles of M. incognita was evaluated. The results were used for analysis of variance and comparison of means using the Tukey method (p ≤ 0.05). Control variables of the phytopathogen on S. lycopersicum were determined by measuring the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), the Weibull parameter, the coefficient of determination, and the final severity of root damage. T. erinaceum 10-15 showed a greater inhibitory effect on M. incognita, relative to T. virens 32-09. Both strains evaluated showed significant differences in comparison to the uninoculated control, resulting in a 60 % reduction in juvenile stage mobility and egg hatching, as well as greater control of the phytonematode in the AUDPC variables, Weibull parameter, and final severity under controlled conditions. The strain T. erinaceum 10-15 showed a better antagonistic effect on egg formation at 68 days, at 60.3 %, and on reducing the number of M. incognita females with at 60 days, at 80.6 %. Both T. erinaceum 10-15 and T. virens 32-09 were found to be potential biocontrol agents of M. incognita in S. lycopersicum.
{"title":"Trichoderma erinaceum AND Trichoderma virens IN THE CONTROL OF Meloidogyne incognita IN Solanum lycopersicum","authors":"Orlando José Martínez-Canto, J. Cristóbal-Alejo, J. Tun-Suárez, A. Reyes-Ramírez","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2784","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the antagonistic potential of Trichoderma erinaceum 10-15 and T. virens 32-09 against the nematode Meloidogyne incognita was evaluated in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. A solution of 106 conidia mL-1 of each strain was inoculated on tomato plants, and the variables of nematode control, galling index, eggs per gram of root, and females per gram of root were determined. The in vitro antagonism of Trichoderma filtrates on the hatching of eggs and J2 juveniles of M. incognita was evaluated. The results were used for analysis of variance and comparison of means using the Tukey method (p ≤ 0.05). Control variables of the phytopathogen on S. lycopersicum were determined by measuring the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), the Weibull parameter, the coefficient of determination, and the final severity of root damage. T. erinaceum 10-15 showed a greater inhibitory effect on M. incognita, relative to T. virens 32-09. Both strains evaluated showed significant differences in comparison to the uninoculated control, resulting in a 60 % reduction in juvenile stage mobility and egg hatching, as well as greater control of the phytonematode in the AUDPC variables, Weibull parameter, and final severity under controlled conditions. The strain T. erinaceum 10-15 showed a better antagonistic effect on egg formation at 68 days, at 60.3 %, and on reducing the number of M. incognita females with at 60 days, at 80.6 %. Both T. erinaceum 10-15 and T. virens 32-09 were found to be potential biocontrol agents of M. incognita in S. lycopersicum.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"83 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138600391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.3077
María Magdalena Nevárez-Favela, J. C. García-Albarado, A. Quevedo-Nolasco, Adolfo López-Pérez, M. Bolaños-González
Integrating green walls (GWs) and green roofs (GRs) into urban areas enables several sustainable development objectives to be met. However, there is little research on the aesthetic perception and environmental and psychological benefits that users assign to these greening systems. Therefore, this paper evaluated the perception towards these two green infrastructures, GWs and GRs. The research was conducted via the Internet through a semi-structured survey with Likert scale questions, with a total of 243 participants. The results revealed that approximately 90 % of the participants have a positive perception of GWs and GRs. The psychological and environmental benefits of greening in urban environments are recognized, such as creating habitats for small species, reducing stress, and improving mood, among others. Some significant differences were seen in some socioeconomic aspects, such as age, gender and educational level. Women showed a tendency to find calm when in contact with plants, while the tendency for men is more neutral. Participants with a lower educational level, secondary school and a technical career, do not fully agree that nature positively affects their mood. In general, green walls were found to be preferred to green roofs; however, it is suggested to consider incorporating more colors, flowers and a greater variety of plants to improve the aesthetics of these structures.
{"title":"PERCEPTION OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS: GREEN WALLS AND GREEN ROOFS","authors":"María Magdalena Nevárez-Favela, J. C. García-Albarado, A. Quevedo-Nolasco, Adolfo López-Pérez, M. Bolaños-González","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.3077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.3077","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating green walls (GWs) and green roofs (GRs) into urban areas enables several sustainable development objectives to be met. However, there is little research on the aesthetic perception and environmental and psychological benefits that users assign to these greening systems. Therefore, this paper evaluated the perception towards these two green infrastructures, GWs and GRs. The research was conducted via the Internet through a semi-structured survey with Likert scale questions, with a total of 243 participants. The results revealed that approximately 90 % of the participants have a positive perception of GWs and GRs. The psychological and environmental benefits of greening in urban environments are recognized, such as creating habitats for small species, reducing stress, and improving mood, among others. Some significant differences were seen in some socioeconomic aspects, such as age, gender and educational level. Women showed a tendency to find calm when in contact with plants, while the tendency for men is more neutral. Participants with a lower educational level, secondary school and a technical career, do not fully agree that nature positively affects their mood. In general, green walls were found to be preferred to green roofs; however, it is suggested to consider incorporating more colors, flowers and a greater variety of plants to improve the aesthetics of these structures.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2927
Fernando Paz-Pellat, Víctor Manuel Salas-Aguilar, Alma Socorro Velázquez-Rodríguez, Cristóbal Daniel Sánchez-Sánchez, Martín Alejandro Bolaños-González
The establishment of relationships between the water balance coupled to the atmosphere and species richness, for a given ecosystem, allows characterizing the state of vegetation under stable conditions. The proposal by Specht and colleagues of the water relationship between actual evapotranspiration/potential evapotranspiration (Ea/Eo), mediated by the evaporative coefficient k, allows to establish empirical relationships, without implying a cause-effect relationship, between the projective leaf cover (CPF) and the richness of plant species in relation to k. These relationships were reviewed with information from sampling sites established in sacred fir [Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham.] forests of the warm temperate climatic region of Mount Tlaloc, State of Mexico. Species richness and CPF of the upper stratum of the forests were measured, and the aboveground biomass was estimated. The patterns of the relationship between the CPF of the upper stratum and the total number of species showed variations within the limits of Specht’s equilibrium relationship, even though the levels of disturbing agents in the sites showed a greater dispersion of the data. Establishing a relationship between projective leaf cover and species richness facilitates estimates in plant diversity conservation projects.
{"title":"PROJECTIVE LEAF COVER PREDICTS PLANT SPECIES RICHNESS IN THE SACRED FIR FORESTS OF MONTE TLÁLOC, STATE OF MEXICO","authors":"Fernando Paz-Pellat, Víctor Manuel Salas-Aguilar, Alma Socorro Velázquez-Rodríguez, Cristóbal Daniel Sánchez-Sánchez, Martín Alejandro Bolaños-González","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2927","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of relationships between the water balance coupled to the atmosphere and species richness, for a given ecosystem, allows characterizing the state of vegetation under stable conditions. The proposal by Specht and colleagues of the water relationship between actual evapotranspiration/potential evapotranspiration (Ea/Eo), mediated by the evaporative coefficient k, allows to establish empirical relationships, without implying a cause-effect relationship, between the projective leaf cover (CPF) and the richness of plant species in relation to k. These relationships were reviewed with information from sampling sites established in sacred fir [Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham.] forests of the warm temperate climatic region of Mount Tlaloc, State of Mexico. Species richness and CPF of the upper stratum of the forests were measured, and the aboveground biomass was estimated. The patterns of the relationship between the CPF of the upper stratum and the total number of species showed variations within the limits of Specht’s equilibrium relationship, even though the levels of disturbing agents in the sites showed a greater dispersion of the data. Establishing a relationship between projective leaf cover and species richness facilitates estimates in plant diversity conservation projects.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":" 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2945
Alfredo Ruiz-Orta, Atenas Tapia-Rodríguez, Dulce Karen Figueroa-Figueroa, José Francisco Ramírez-Dávila
The coffee crop (Coffea arabica L.) presents phytosanitary problems that can be economically significant if not properly managed, such as green scale (Coccus viridis) and fumagina (Capnodium spp.). Geostatistics is a tool that allows the producer to make optimal, timely, and accurate decisions for the integrated management of these problems. The objective of the research was to analyze the distribution and spatial association of fumagina and green scale in the coffee crop in Sultepec, State of Mexico, Mexico. During the first semester of 2022, random coffee plots were marked and geo-referenced for sampling. Several methods were used to obtain the spatial distribution of fumagina and green scale. The results showed fits of Gaussian, exponential, and mostly spherical geostatistical models, which represent an aggregate distribution and an association of these problems with each other. The estimation of the infested and infected area for both problems was obtained using the ordinary kriging method, revealing the presence of foci of infection and infestation. In plot three, it was identified that these are maintained and increase as the sampling progresses, finding a high degree of dependence and spatial stability. It is concluded that the populations of green scale and fumagina have an r value of 0.70, indicating a high association and correlation between them, which leads to a spatial distribution and possible management of targeted control of these phytosanitary problems and, in turn, sustainable management of the crop.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL ASSOCIATION OF FUMAGINA (Capnodium spp.) AND GREEN SCALE (Coccus viridis) IN COFFEE IN SULTEPEC, MEXICO","authors":"Alfredo Ruiz-Orta, Atenas Tapia-Rodríguez, Dulce Karen Figueroa-Figueroa, José Francisco Ramírez-Dávila","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2945","url":null,"abstract":"The coffee crop (Coffea arabica L.) presents phytosanitary problems that can be economically significant if not properly managed, such as green scale (Coccus viridis) and fumagina (Capnodium spp.). Geostatistics is a tool that allows the producer to make optimal, timely, and accurate decisions for the integrated management of these problems. The objective of the research was to analyze the distribution and spatial association of fumagina and green scale in the coffee crop in Sultepec, State of Mexico, Mexico. During the first semester of 2022, random coffee plots were marked and geo-referenced for sampling. Several methods were used to obtain the spatial distribution of fumagina and green scale. The results showed fits of Gaussian, exponential, and mostly spherical geostatistical models, which represent an aggregate distribution and an association of these problems with each other. The estimation of the infested and infected area for both problems was obtained using the ordinary kriging method, revealing the presence of foci of infection and infestation. In plot three, it was identified that these are maintained and increase as the sampling progresses, finding a high degree of dependence and spatial stability. It is concluded that the populations of green scale and fumagina have an r value of 0.70, indicating a high association and correlation between them, which leads to a spatial distribution and possible management of targeted control of these phytosanitary problems and, in turn, sustainable management of the crop.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"156 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135371830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2716
Evelyn Regalado-Rentería, Bertha Irene Juárez-Flores, Juan Carlos García-López, César Iván Godínez-Hernández, Miguel Ángel Ruiz-Cabrera, Juan Rogelio Aguirre-Rivera
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 10 % supplementation with commercial chicory fructans (I), commercial Agave tequilana fructans (ATC), experimental A. tequilana fructans (ATE), experimental A. salmiana fructans (AS), rice starch (RS), and a control diet (C) on Wistar rats, both healthy and carcinogen-induced to colorectal cancer. It was hypothesized that agave and chicory fructans have similar effects. The supplements evaluated in both experiments maintained the dry weight and length of rat femurs in both groups without producing significant changes. Only healthy rats supplemented with chicory and both A. tequilana fructans showed higher fecal nitrogen levels. The femur ash content in rats that were carcinogen-induced to develop colorectal cancer was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) than the content in healthy rats. Minerals in the femurs of both groups of rats were similar. The hypothesis of this work was rejected.
{"title":"FEMUR CHARACTERISTICS AND FECAL NITROGEN IN HEALTHY AND CANCER-AFFECTED WISTAR RATS SUPPLEMENTED WITH INULIN AND AGAVE FRUCTANS","authors":"Evelyn Regalado-Rentería, Bertha Irene Juárez-Flores, Juan Carlos García-López, César Iván Godínez-Hernández, Miguel Ángel Ruiz-Cabrera, Juan Rogelio Aguirre-Rivera","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i8.2716","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 10 % supplementation with commercial chicory fructans (I), commercial Agave tequilana fructans (ATC), experimental A. tequilana fructans (ATE), experimental A. salmiana fructans (AS), rice starch (RS), and a control diet (C) on Wistar rats, both healthy and carcinogen-induced to colorectal cancer. It was hypothesized that agave and chicory fructans have similar effects. The supplements evaluated in both experiments maintained the dry weight and length of rat femurs in both groups without producing significant changes. Only healthy rats supplemented with chicory and both A. tequilana fructans showed higher fecal nitrogen levels. The femur ash content in rats that were carcinogen-induced to develop colorectal cancer was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) than the content in healthy rats. Minerals in the femurs of both groups of rats were similar. The hypothesis of this work was rejected.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"197 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136069156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2970
Juan Espinoza-Hernández, Gilberto de Jesús López-Canteñs, Irineo Lorenzo López-Cruz, Eugenio Romantchik-Kriuchkova
Agave plants (Agave tequilana Weber) are an indispensable element in the tequila production chain. Traditionally, plantation monitoring has been done manually; however, having accurate information on agave inventories is crucial for planning and estimating production volume. In this context, it was proposed that deep learning algorithms can achieve high detection rates of agave plants, improving the management and control of plantations. For this purpose, YOLOv4 and YOLOv4-tiny convolutional algorithms were implemented and evaluated using high-resolution RGB aerial images captured by a remotely piloted aircraft system for the determination of agave plant density. Three flight plans were planned and carried out, with ground sampling distances of 1.10, 1.64, and 2.19 cm pixel-1, respectively. The database was created, and the algorithms were evaluated for a confidence level of 0.25 and an intersection threshold over the junction of 0.50. The results showed an average mean accuracy of 0.99 for both algorithms and an F1 score of 0.95 for YOLOv4 and 0.96 for YOLOv4-tiny. Furthermore, a high detection rate (Rc) of 99 % and precision values (Pr) between 90 and 92 % were obtained. A decrease in the performance of the algorithms was observed when detecting agave tillers in images with a spatial resolution of 2.19 cm pixel-1. The implemented YOLO convolutional algorithms proved to be highly robust and able to generalize agave plant characteristics at different phenological stages, allowing accurate detections. In addition, the coordinates of the detected plants were used to estimate the distance between them, with a maximum error of 20 cm.
龙舌兰植物(龙舌兰韦伯)是龙舌兰酒生产链中不可缺少的元素。传统上，人工林监测是人工完成的;然而，掌握龙舌兰库存的准确信息对于规划和估计产量至关重要。在此背景下，提出深度学习算法可以实现对龙舌兰植物的高检出率，从而改善种植园的管理和控制。为此，利用遥控飞机系统捕获的高分辨率RGB航空图像实现并评估了YOLOv4和YOLOv4-tiny卷积算法，以确定龙舌兰植物密度。规划并执行了3个飞行方案，地面采样距离分别为1.10、1.64和2.19 cm pixel-1。创建了数据库，并对算法进行了评估，置信度为0.25，交叉阈值为0.50。结果表明，两种算法的平均准确率为0.99,YOLOv4和YOLOv4-tiny的F1得分分别为0.95和0.96。此外，该方法的检出率(Rc)为99%，精密度(Pr)为90% ~ 92%。在空间分辨率为2.19 cm像素-1的图像中检测龙舌兰分蘖时，观察到算法的性能下降。所实现的YOLO卷积算法被证明具有很强的鲁棒性，能够泛化龙舌兰植物在不同物候阶段的特征，从而实现准确的检测。此外，利用被检测植物的坐标来估计它们之间的距离，最大误差为20 cm。
{"title":"AGAVE PLANT DENSITY USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS ON AERIAL IMAGERY","authors":"Juan Espinoza-Hernández, Gilberto de Jesús López-Canteñs, Irineo Lorenzo López-Cruz, Eugenio Romantchik-Kriuchkova","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i7.2970","url":null,"abstract":"Agave plants (Agave tequilana Weber) are an indispensable element in the tequila production chain. Traditionally, plantation monitoring has been done manually; however, having accurate information on agave inventories is crucial for planning and estimating production volume. In this context, it was proposed that deep learning algorithms can achieve high detection rates of agave plants, improving the management and control of plantations. For this purpose, YOLOv4 and YOLOv4-tiny convolutional algorithms were implemented and evaluated using high-resolution RGB aerial images captured by a remotely piloted aircraft system for the determination of agave plant density. Three flight plans were planned and carried out, with ground sampling distances of 1.10, 1.64, and 2.19 cm pixel-1, respectively. The database was created, and the algorithms were evaluated for a confidence level of 0.25 and an intersection threshold over the junction of 0.50. The results showed an average mean accuracy of 0.99 for both algorithms and an F1 score of 0.95 for YOLOv4 and 0.96 for YOLOv4-tiny. Furthermore, a high detection rate (Rc) of 99 % and precision values (Pr) between 90 and 92 % were obtained. A decrease in the performance of the algorithms was observed when detecting agave tillers in images with a spatial resolution of 2.19 cm pixel-1. The implemented YOLO convolutional algorithms proved to be highly robust and able to generalize agave plant characteristics at different phenological stages, allowing accurate detections. In addition, the coordinates of the detected plants were used to estimate the distance between them, with a maximum error of 20 cm.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134907494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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