Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2505
José Luis Noriega Navarrete, R. Salazar Moreno, J. Burgueño-Ferreira, Thanda Dhliwayo, I. López Cruz, C. Petroli
The Crop Environment Resource Synthesis-Maize (CERES-Maize) mechanistic model, included in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT), is a useful and powerful tool that simulates the growth and yield of maize in different environments. The qualitative and quantitative information provided to the CERES-Maize model guarantees reliability in the simulations obtained. However, it requires a lot of information such as soil characteristics, daily climate, crop characteristics and management, as well as six genetic coefficients. This research assessed a non-destructive methodology for estimating the six required parameters (genetic coefficients): P1, P2, P5, G2, G3 and PHINT, based on the maize physiology, measured from the Growing Degree Days (GDD) base 10. An experiment was established at the experimental station of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Tlaltizapan, Morelos, Mexico, where 27 white maize hybrids and 14 yellow maize hybrids were manually sown in an irrigation conservation tillage system. Once the simulations of maize growth and yield were obtained with CERES-Maize model, the genetic coefficients were calibrated using the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE). After calibration of the six genetic coefficients for all hybrids, an average values of P1, G2 and G3 were within the typical range, while P2 and P5 were greater than the typical range, and PHINT was below typical range. However, the simulation model showed good performance after calibration, according to the average R2 of 0.9809 and 0.9730 between measured and simulated yields for white and yellow hybrids respectively. The coefficients estimated in this study can be used in the CERES-Maize model to simulate maize yields in different regions of the country for the hybrids used here.
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF MAIZE GENETIC COEFFICIENTS FOR THE CERES-MAIZE MODEL USING NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODS","authors":"José Luis Noriega Navarrete, R. Salazar Moreno, J. Burgueño-Ferreira, Thanda Dhliwayo, I. López Cruz, C. Petroli","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2505","url":null,"abstract":"The Crop Environment Resource Synthesis-Maize (CERES-Maize) mechanistic model, included in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT), is a useful and powerful tool that simulates the growth and yield of maize in different environments. The qualitative and quantitative information provided to the CERES-Maize model guarantees reliability in the simulations obtained. However, it requires a lot of information such as soil characteristics, daily climate, crop characteristics and management, as well as six genetic coefficients. This research assessed a non-destructive methodology for estimating the six required parameters (genetic coefficients): P1, P2, P5, G2, G3 and PHINT, based on the maize physiology, measured from the Growing Degree Days (GDD) base 10. An experiment was established at the experimental station of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Tlaltizapan, Morelos, Mexico, where 27 white maize hybrids and 14 yellow maize hybrids were manually sown in an irrigation conservation tillage system. Once the simulations of maize growth and yield were obtained with CERES-Maize model, the genetic coefficients were calibrated using the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE). After calibration of the six genetic coefficients for all hybrids, an average values of P1, G2 and G3 were within the typical range, while P2 and P5 were greater than the typical range, and PHINT was below typical range. However, the simulation model showed good performance after calibration, according to the average R2 of 0.9809 and 0.9730 between measured and simulated yields for white and yellow hybrids respectively. The coefficients estimated in this study can be used in the CERES-Maize model to simulate maize yields in different regions of the country for the hybrids used here.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73073356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2718
C. P. Sauceda-Acosta, V. A. González-Hernández, H. Villaseñor-Mir, G. Lugo-García, L. Partida-Ruvalcaba
The dimensions, shape, and color of wheat grain are important in plant breeding, although their manual measurement is difficult and time-consuming. While it is true that digital image analysis (DIA) with specific software has made it easier, some are semiautomatic, exclude color, and require the digitization of individual grains. The goal of this study was to compare the precision, accuracy, and efficiency of MacGran-IJ versus SmartGrain, GrainScan, and manual caliper measurement. The morphological characteristics of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains were measured using DIA with MacGran-IJ, including color (in RGB and CIELab color spaces), size (mm2), lateral length (LLG, mm), ventral length (VLG, mm), lateral (LWG, mm) and ventral (VWG, mm) width, perimeter (mm), and circularity. Length, LWG, and VWG were measured with a digital caliper. The time (s) taken in each method was recorded. Size, LLG, VLG, and VWG were the same between methods for both species, but the LWG measurement obtained with vernier showed differences between the three programs (p ≤ 0.01), as well as low accuracy and precision. VWG obtained manually had R2 values of 0.92, 0.91, and 0.89 (p ≤ 0.01) for MacGran-IJ, SmartGrain, and GrainScan, respectively. The ventral and lateral color red of wheat grain differed between MacGran-IJ and GrainScan; the lateral part of the bread wheat grain showed differences for red, green, and blue (p ≤ 0.05). DIA in CIELab color required 11.57 s, and in RGB it needed 7.25 s (p ≤ 0.01). Manual measurement of 50 wheat grains required 1528.07 s, whereas SmartGrain took 101.84 s, MacGran-IJ 45.4 s, and GrainScan 54.11 s (H = 36.59, p ≤ 0.01). MacGran-IJ is an automated, simple, and efficient method for accurately measuring the size, length, and width of wheat grains using digitized images
小麦籽粒的尺寸、形状和颜色在植物育种中很重要，尽管它们的人工测量既困难又耗时。虽然使用特定软件的数字图像分析(DIA)确实使它变得更容易，但有些是半自动的，不包括颜色，并且需要对单个颗粒进行数字化。本研究的目的是比较macgrani - j与SmartGrain、GrainScan和手动卡尺测量的精密度、准确度和效率。采用macgrani - j软件对硬粒小麦(Triticum durum Desf.)和面包小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)籽粒的形态特征进行了测量，包括颜色(RGB和CIELab颜色空间)、大小(mm2)、侧长(LLG, mm)、腹长(VLG, mm)、侧宽(LWG, mm)和腹宽(VWG, mm)、周长(mm)和圆度。用数字卡尺测量长度、LWG和VWG。记录每种方法所用的时间。两种方法的尺寸、LLG、VLG和VWG值相同，但游标法测量的LWG值存在差异(p≤0.01)，且准确度和精密度较低。手工获取的VWG在macgrani - j、SmartGrain和GrainScan上的R2分别为0.92、0.91和0.89 (p≤0.01)。macgran_ij和GrainScan对小麦籽粒的腹侧色红差异较大;面包小麦籽粒侧面红、绿、蓝呈显著差异(p≤0.05)。CIELab色的DIA需要11.57 s, RGB的DIA需要7.25 s (p≤0.01)。人工测定50粒小麦所需时间为1528.07 s，而SmartGrain、macgrani和GrainScan分别为101.84 s、45.4 s和54.11 s (H = 36.59, p≤0.01)。MacGran-IJ是一种自动化、简单、高效的方法，用于使用数字化图像精确测量小麦颗粒的大小、长度和宽度
{"title":"MACGRAN-IJ: AN EFFICIENT METHOD TO ANALYZE DIMENSIONS AND COLOR OF WHEAT GRAINS","authors":"C. P. Sauceda-Acosta, V. A. González-Hernández, H. Villaseñor-Mir, G. Lugo-García, L. Partida-Ruvalcaba","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2718","url":null,"abstract":"The dimensions, shape, and color of wheat grain are important in plant breeding, although their manual measurement is difficult and time-consuming. While it is true that digital image analysis (DIA) with specific software has made it easier, some are semiautomatic, exclude color, and require the digitization of individual grains. The goal of this study was to compare the precision, accuracy, and efficiency of MacGran-IJ versus SmartGrain, GrainScan, and manual caliper measurement. The morphological characteristics of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains were measured using DIA with MacGran-IJ, including color (in RGB and CIELab color spaces), size (mm2), lateral length (LLG, mm), ventral length (VLG, mm), lateral (LWG, mm) and ventral (VWG, mm) width, perimeter (mm), and circularity. Length, LWG, and VWG were measured with a digital caliper. The time (s) taken in each method was recorded. Size, LLG, VLG, and VWG were the same between methods for both species, but the LWG measurement obtained with vernier showed differences between the three programs (p ≤ 0.01), as well as low accuracy and precision. VWG obtained manually had R2 values of 0.92, 0.91, and 0.89 (p ≤ 0.01) for MacGran-IJ, SmartGrain, and GrainScan, respectively. The ventral and lateral color red of wheat grain differed between MacGran-IJ and GrainScan; the lateral part of the bread wheat grain showed differences for red, green, and blue (p ≤ 0.05). DIA in CIELab color required 11.57 s, and in RGB it needed 7.25 s (p ≤ 0.01). Manual measurement of 50 wheat grains required 1528.07 s, whereas SmartGrain took 101.84 s, MacGran-IJ 45.4 s, and GrainScan 54.11 s (H = 36.59, p ≤ 0.01). MacGran-IJ is an automated, simple, and efficient method for accurately measuring the size, length, and width of wheat grains using digitized images","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86688630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2878
Víctor Manuel Santos-Chávez, O. A. Arana-Coronado, M. A. Martínez-Damián, L. E. Garza-Bueno, J. S. Mora-Flores, V. H. Santoyo-Cortés
Understanding agricultural innovation is crucial as it involves establishing conditions for productivity growth in the agrifood sector through strategies and public policies that improve farmers’ production, profitability, and management practices. The objective of this article was to measure agricultural innovation among small farmers and to identify the factors that determine it. A Tobit-type econometric model was used to identify the characteristics of the producers, the economic and productive profile of the farms, and the size of the extension groups, all of which influence innovation. Information on rural extension policy beneficiaries in Mexico for the period 2014-2017 was integrated. The statistical population was 2976 farmers. The findings reveal that higher education levels and a younger age of producers had a positive effect; producers with small farms were more likely to adopt technological practices. On the other hand, factors negatively affecting innovation were higher on-farm and off-farm incomes. The article concludes with public policy recommendations to promote agricultural innovation in Mexico.
{"title":"DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION AMONG SMALL FARMERS IN MEXICO. AN ECONOMETRIC APPLICATION OF THE TOBIT MODEL","authors":"Víctor Manuel Santos-Chávez, O. A. Arana-Coronado, M. A. Martínez-Damián, L. E. Garza-Bueno, J. S. Mora-Flores, V. H. Santoyo-Cortés","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i2.2878","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding agricultural innovation is crucial as it involves establishing conditions for productivity growth in the agrifood sector through strategies and public policies that improve farmers’ production, profitability, and management practices. The objective of this article was to measure agricultural innovation among small farmers and to identify the factors that determine it. A Tobit-type econometric model was used to identify the characteristics of the producers, the economic and productive profile of the farms, and the size of the extension groups, all of which influence innovation. Information on rural extension policy beneficiaries in Mexico for the period 2014-2017 was integrated. The statistical population was 2976 farmers. The findings reveal that higher education levels and a younger age of producers had a positive effect; producers with small farms were more likely to adopt technological practices. On the other hand, factors negatively affecting innovation were higher on-farm and off-farm incomes. The article concludes with public policy recommendations to promote agricultural innovation in Mexico.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86988613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2814
María Magdalena Hernández-Rosas, Ana Laura Hernández-Leyva, D. Rodríguez-Trejo
In 2017, at the foot of the Tlaloc volcano, occurred the largest forest fire in the State of Mexico (2500 ha), with surface and crown (canopy) phases, on plantations of various species and various types of vegetation. Studies on the effects of fires on trees serve to define mortality and whether or not restoration will be required in an affected area. The hypothesis was: the greater the intensity and severity of the fire and the smaller the size of the trees, the greater the probability of mortality. The objective of the study was to establish the fire severity and dasometric variables that influence the probability of both mortality and resprouting in Casuarina equisetifolia L. plantations affected by fire. The study was conducted at the Experimental Forestry Station “Las Cruces” (Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, State of Mexico). In 2019, 442 trees (15 sites of 100 m2) were sampled in 50 ha of plantations affected by the fire. Records were made on whether the trees were alive or dead, normal diameter, bark thickness, height, height at the base of the original crown, height of the fire scar on the trunk, height of crown scorch and presence of resprouting. The statistical analysis consisted of logistic regressions, using the Proc Logistic procedure of the SAS program. The average tree mortality was 63 %. The variable that was directly related (p ≤ 0.05) to the probability of mortality was the height of the scar above the trunk. The dasometric variables inversely related (p ≤ 0.05) with the probability of mortality were: height, normal diameter and bark thickness. For resprouting probability, there was an inverse relationship (p ≤ 0.05) with normal diameter, bark thickness and height of scar on the trunk. It is concluded that casuarina is a fire sensitive species.
{"title":"PROBABILITY OF MORTALITY IN CASUARINA TWO YEARS AFTER THE FIRE AT THE PIEDMONT OF THE TLALOC VOLCANO, STATE OF MEXICO, 2017","authors":"María Magdalena Hernández-Rosas, Ana Laura Hernández-Leyva, D. Rodríguez-Trejo","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2814","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017, at the foot of the Tlaloc volcano, occurred the largest forest fire in the State of Mexico (2500 ha), with surface and crown (canopy) phases, on plantations of various species and various types of vegetation. Studies on the effects of fires on trees serve to define mortality and whether or not restoration will be required in an affected area. The hypothesis was: the greater the intensity and severity of the fire and the smaller the size of the trees, the greater the probability of mortality. The objective of the study was to establish the fire severity and dasometric variables that influence the probability of both mortality and resprouting in Casuarina equisetifolia L. plantations affected by fire. The study was conducted at the Experimental Forestry Station “Las Cruces” (Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, State of Mexico). In 2019, 442 trees (15 sites of 100 m2) were sampled in 50 ha of plantations affected by the fire. Records were made on whether the trees were alive or dead, normal diameter, bark thickness, height, height at the base of the original crown, height of the fire scar on the trunk, height of crown scorch and presence of resprouting. The statistical analysis consisted of logistic regressions, using the Proc Logistic procedure of the SAS program. The average tree mortality was 63 %. The variable that was directly related (p ≤ 0.05) to the probability of mortality was the height of the scar above the trunk. The dasometric variables inversely related (p ≤ 0.05) with the probability of mortality were: height, normal diameter and bark thickness. For resprouting probability, there was an inverse relationship (p ≤ 0.05) with normal diameter, bark thickness and height of scar on the trunk. It is concluded that casuarina is a fire sensitive species.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74761606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2342
Elizeth Vizcaíno-Ríos, Alfredo López-Jiménez, D. Teliz-Ortiz, C. Saucedo-Veloz
Several factors affect the quality and safety of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit during the production process, such as the agronomic management and climate. The objective of this research was to evaluate how foliar treatments affected postharvest control of anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) in two ‘Méndez’ avocado growing areas, Ziracuaretiro (ZI) and Salvador Escalante (SE), Michoacán, Mexico. Foliar sprays were used in the following treatments: 1) conventional management (CM) based on the technician’s experience; 2) integrated management (IM) including Bacillus subtilis, a prebiotic (BioKakimu®), and potassium phosphite; and 3) absolute control without foliar sprays. The effects of the treatments were evaluated on fruit harvested at physiological maturity while taking into account the severity of post-harvest anthracnose and fruit quality up to consumption maturity. During the evaluation period, disease damage was less than 10 % of the fruit surface in all three treatments. However, IM treatment delayed maturation time by 12.4 days in ZI and 10.6 days in SE. Fruits of the IM treatment lost less weight in ZI (7.6 %) than in SE (8.48 %) at eating maturity. Fruit firmness in ZI was higher in the IM and control treatments, while there were no differences in SE. The fruits in ZI and SE showed a decreasing color index profile for the three treatments. It is concluded that the phytopathogenic fungus in ‘Méndez’ was not exposed to weather conditions favorable for its development for an extended period of time, given that the first anthracnose alerts were emitted when the fruits were harvested. The crop management method did not result in an increase in the nutrient concentration of the fruit mesocarp.
{"title":"PREBIOTIC, Bacillus subtilis AND POTASSIUM PHOSPHITE ON ANTHRACNOSIS SEVERITY AND POST HARVEST QUALITY IN ‘MÉNDEZ’ AVOCADO","authors":"Elizeth Vizcaíno-Ríos, Alfredo López-Jiménez, D. Teliz-Ortiz, C. Saucedo-Veloz","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2342","url":null,"abstract":"Several factors affect the quality and safety of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit during the production process, such as the agronomic management and climate. The objective of this research was to evaluate how foliar treatments affected postharvest control of anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) in two ‘Méndez’ avocado growing areas, Ziracuaretiro (ZI) and Salvador Escalante (SE), Michoacán, Mexico. Foliar sprays were used in the following treatments: 1) conventional management (CM) based on the technician’s experience; 2) integrated management (IM) including Bacillus subtilis, a prebiotic (BioKakimu®), and potassium phosphite; and 3) absolute control without foliar sprays. The effects of the treatments were evaluated on fruit harvested at physiological maturity while taking into account the severity of post-harvest anthracnose and fruit quality up to consumption maturity. During the evaluation period, disease damage was less than 10 % of the fruit surface in all three treatments. However, IM treatment delayed maturation time by 12.4 days in ZI and 10.6 days in SE. Fruits of the IM treatment lost less weight in ZI (7.6 %) than in SE (8.48 %) at eating maturity. Fruit firmness in ZI was higher in the IM and control treatments, while there were no differences in SE. The fruits in ZI and SE showed a decreasing color index profile for the three treatments. It is concluded that the phytopathogenic fungus in ‘Méndez’ was not exposed to weather conditions favorable for its development for an extended period of time, given that the first anthracnose alerts were emitted when the fruits were harvested. The crop management method did not result in an increase in the nutrient concentration of the fruit mesocarp.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88126668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2858
Monserrat Hernández-Solís, A. Arzate-Fernández, S. Martínez-Martínez, Laura Acosta-Villagrán
The Agave genus is one of the largest and most widely used in Mexico, mainly for the production of alcoholic beverages. The species in this genus are characterized by their long-life cycles and limited sexual reproduction, which endangers them and demands the search for an alternative that allows mass multiplication and preservation of these species. Somatic embryogenesis (ES) is emerging as a solution to solve this problem, although it is a complex process that depends on a large number of factors and the development of species-specific protocols. Osmotic stress is one of these factors, a condition that can promote the formation and maturation of somatic embryos through the application of compounds such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or abscisic acid (ABA). So far, no studies have been reported on the effect of osmotic stress on somatic embryogenesis in Agave species. In this work we evaluated its effect on the expression and maturation of somatic embryos in Agave angustifolia, A. cupreata and A. salmiana. Its formation was determined using two concentrations of ABA (3 and 9 mg L-1) and two concentrations of PEG (50 and 70 g L-1) in callus obtained from embryonic zygotic axes. Treatments with 9 mg L-1 ABA and 50 g L-1 PEG favored the formation of somatic embryos in the three species evaluated, in addition to the treatment with 70 g L-1 PEG, with which A. angustifolia was obtained. Somatic embryo formation was asynchronous, especially for A. cupreata. Seedling regeneration from somatic embryos was achieved in A. angustifolia, A. cupreata and A. salmiana.
龙舌兰属是墨西哥最大和最广泛使用的植物之一，主要用于生产酒精饮料。该属物种的特点是它们的生命周期长，有性繁殖有限，这使它们处于危险之中，要求寻找一种可以大量繁殖和保护这些物种的替代方法。体细胞胚胎发生(Somatic embryogenesis, ES)正在成为解决这一问题的解决方案，尽管这是一个复杂的过程，取决于大量因素和物种特异性方案的发展。渗透胁迫是这些因素之一，它可以通过应用化合物如聚乙二醇(PEG)或脱落酸(ABA)来促进体细胞胚胎的形成和成熟。迄今为止，尚未见渗透胁迫对龙舌兰体细胞胚胎发生影响的研究报道。本文研究了其对龙舌兰(Agave angustifolia)、铜龙舌兰(a.a cupreata)和蜥蜴龙舌兰(a.a salmiana)体细胞胚胎表达和成熟的影响。用两种浓度的ABA(3和9 mg L-1)和两种浓度的PEG(50和70 g L-1)对胚合子轴愈伤组织的形成进行了研究。9 mg L-1 ABA和50 g L-1 PEG处理均有利于三种植物体细胞胚的形成，而70 g L-1 PEG处理则获得了刺叶麻体细胞胚。体胚的形成是不同步的，尤其是铜柳。用体细胞胚再生的方法获得了刺叶、铜叶和salmiana的幼苗。
{"title":"EFFECT OF PROMOTING COMPOUNDS OF INDIRECT SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN THREE Agave SPECIES","authors":"Monserrat Hernández-Solís, A. Arzate-Fernández, S. Martínez-Martínez, Laura Acosta-Villagrán","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2858","url":null,"abstract":"The Agave genus is one of the largest and most widely used in Mexico, mainly for the production of alcoholic beverages. The species in this genus are characterized by their long-life cycles and limited sexual reproduction, which endangers them and demands the search for an alternative that allows mass multiplication and preservation of these species. Somatic embryogenesis (ES) is emerging as a solution to solve this problem, although it is a complex process that depends on a large number of factors and the development of species-specific protocols. Osmotic stress is one of these factors, a condition that can promote the formation and maturation of somatic embryos through the application of compounds such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or abscisic acid (ABA). So far, no studies have been reported on the effect of osmotic stress on somatic embryogenesis in Agave species. In this work we evaluated its effect on the expression and maturation of somatic embryos in Agave angustifolia, A. cupreata and A. salmiana. Its formation was determined using two concentrations of ABA (3 and 9 mg L-1) and two concentrations of PEG (50 and 70 g L-1) in callus obtained from embryonic zygotic axes. Treatments with 9 mg L-1 ABA and 50 g L-1 PEG favored the formation of somatic embryos in the three species evaluated, in addition to the treatment with 70 g L-1 PEG, with which A. angustifolia was obtained. Somatic embryo formation was asynchronous, especially for A. cupreata. Seedling regeneration from somatic embryos was achieved in A. angustifolia, A. cupreata and A. salmiana.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72837941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2441
Norma Abril Borja-Zamora, Mauricio Mora-Tello, Gabriel Abraham Cardoso Ugarte
A Box-Behnken design was applied to evaluate the impact of temperature, heat treatment time, and NaCl concentration on the hydrocyanic acid (HCN) content in bamboo shoots of the Phyllostachys aurea species. A total of fifteen treatments with different combinations of the factors were carried out. For the quantification of HCN, a modification of the qualitative spectrophotometric technique of Guignard sodium picrate was followed. A calibration curve was constructed, which showed a quadratic form and high correlation (R2=0.965), and the resulting equation allowed quantifying the content of each of the treatments. The final concentration of HCN in samples was found to be between 0.007 and 0.015 mg/mL. Among the factors tested, only the temperature and time of heat treatment showed a significant impact on the reduction of HCN. Finally, contour plots were build up in order to identify the optimal treatment conditions for the most significant HCN reduction.
{"title":"REDUCTION OF CYANIDE CONTENT IN PHYLOSTACHIS AUREA BAMBOO SHOOTS: OPTIMIZING THE PROCESSING CONDITIONS OF TEMPERATURE, HEATING TIME, AND NaCl CONCENTRATION","authors":"Norma Abril Borja-Zamora, Mauricio Mora-Tello, Gabriel Abraham Cardoso Ugarte","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2441","url":null,"abstract":"A Box-Behnken design was applied to evaluate the impact of temperature, heat treatment time, and NaCl concentration on the hydrocyanic acid (HCN) content in bamboo shoots of the Phyllostachys aurea species. A total of fifteen treatments with different combinations of the factors were carried out. For the quantification of HCN, a modification of the qualitative spectrophotometric technique of Guignard sodium picrate was followed. A calibration curve was constructed, which showed a quadratic form and high correlation (R2=0.965), and the resulting equation allowed quantifying the content of each of the treatments. The final concentration of HCN in samples was found to be between 0.007 and 0.015 mg/mL. Among the factors tested, only the temperature and time of heat treatment showed a significant impact on the reduction of HCN. Finally, contour plots were build up in order to identify the optimal treatment conditions for the most significant HCN reduction.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85084165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-10DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2655
R. Magallanes-Quintanar, C. Galván-Tejada, J. Galván-Tejada, S. J. Méndez-Gallegos, F. Blanco-Macías, R. Valdez-Cepeda
Some of the effects of climate change may be related to a change in patterns of rainfall intensity or rainfall scarcity. So, humanity is facing environmental challenges due to an increase in the occurrence of droughts. Forecasting of droughts based on cumulative influence of rainfall could be greatly beneficial for mitigating adverse consequences on water-sensitive sectors such as agriculture. Then, predictive models of drought indices could help in assessing water scarcity situations, droughts identification and their severity characterization. In this paper, we tested the feasibility of the Artificial Neural Network as a data-driven model for predicting the monthly Standardized Precipitation Index in 4 regions (Semi-desert, Highlands, Canyons and Mountains) of north-central México using predictive variable data from 1965 to 2004 as training data and simulated data for the period 2005-2014. The best model was found using the Hyperbolic Tangent as activation function and the Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) algorithm as optimization method. The best model was set to the following architecture: 26-12-1 network with 4 weights and 365 trainable parameters. Based on analysis of scatter plot between predicted and observed Standardized precipitation Index values for the test dataset, the Coefficient of Determination was between 0.84 and 0.88. In terms of quantitative statistics averaged over the test set, Artificial Network Model performed very well in predicting Standardized Precipitation Index at the four analyzed regions. This was verified by all-region average value of performance statistics Mean Absolute Error (0.0805), Mean Square Error (0.0144) and the Coefficient of Determination (0.8671). In a nutshell we summarize that the Artificial Network models developed and tested in this study had good prediction skills of the monthly Standardized Precipitation Index for stations and its drought-related properties in the study region.
{"title":"Artificial neural network models for prediction of standardized precipitation index in central Mexico","authors":"R. Magallanes-Quintanar, C. Galván-Tejada, J. Galván-Tejada, S. J. Méndez-Gallegos, F. Blanco-Macías, R. Valdez-Cepeda","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2655","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the effects of climate change may be related to a change in patterns of rainfall intensity or rainfall scarcity. So, humanity is facing environmental challenges due to an increase in the occurrence of droughts. Forecasting of droughts based on cumulative influence of rainfall could be greatly beneficial for mitigating adverse consequences on water-sensitive sectors such as agriculture. Then, predictive models of drought indices could help in assessing water scarcity situations, droughts identification and their severity characterization. In this paper, we tested the feasibility of the Artificial Neural Network as a data-driven model for predicting the monthly Standardized Precipitation Index in 4 regions (Semi-desert, Highlands, Canyons and Mountains) of north-central México using predictive variable data from 1965 to 2004 as training data and simulated data for the period 2005-2014. The best model was found using the Hyperbolic Tangent as activation function and the Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) algorithm as optimization method. The best model was set to the following architecture: 26-12-1 network with 4 weights and 365 trainable parameters. Based on analysis of scatter plot between predicted and observed Standardized precipitation Index values for the test dataset, the Coefficient of Determination was between 0.84 and 0.88. In terms of quantitative statistics averaged over the test set, Artificial Network Model performed very well in predicting Standardized Precipitation Index at the four analyzed regions. This was verified by all-region average value of performance statistics Mean Absolute Error (0.0805), Mean Square Error (0.0144) and the Coefficient of Determination (0.8671). In a nutshell we summarize that the Artificial Network models developed and tested in this study had good prediction skills of the monthly Standardized Precipitation Index for stations and its drought-related properties in the study region.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79531276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-10DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2641
Jared Reyes Gallardo, Guadalupe C. Rodriguez Castillejos, Ricardo Navarro Cortez, Adriana Perales Torres, San Juana Alemán Castillo, Octelina Castillo Ruíz
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a starch source that may contain tannins in red varieties, so white grains are preferred as a better alternative. The hypothesis of this study was that white sorghum starch grown in Mexico has the necessary properties for industrial use. The objective was to evaluate the chemical, thermal and structural characteristics of starch extracted from white sorghum var. Mazatlan-16, and RB-Paloma. Protein, moisture, ash, fiber, fat, water absorption rate, and swelling capacity were evaluated. Thermal properties were determined by calorimetry and viscosity analysis; structural properties by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. One-way analysis of variance and Student’s t-test (p ≤ 0.05) were performed. The starch extracted from Mazatlán-16 grain contained the highest moisture (5.47 %), protein (0.72 %) and crude fiber values, and no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found for ash and fat content in both starch varieties. The water absorption rate and swelling power was higher for RB-Paloma variety starch (p ≤ 0.05). Regarding thermal properties, the maximum viscosity temperature was 80.55 and 89 °C for RB-Paloma and Mazatlan-16 starch, respectively; the peak gelatinization temperature was higher for Mazatlan-16 (72.28 °C) and showed differences (p ≤0.05) with RB-Paloma. Structural analysis revealed that the starches of both varieties correspond to the A-type crystalline pattern, with the presence of OH, CH in stretching, H2O and CH2 groups. The starches extracted from the two varieties showed properties suitable for use as a viable alternative in the food industry.
{"title":"PROXIMAL, THERMAL, AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF STARCH EXTRACTED FROM TWO VARIETIES OF WHITE SORGHUM CULTIVATED IN MEXICO","authors":"Jared Reyes Gallardo, Guadalupe C. Rodriguez Castillejos, Ricardo Navarro Cortez, Adriana Perales Torres, San Juana Alemán Castillo, Octelina Castillo Ruíz","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2641","url":null,"abstract":"Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a starch source that may contain tannins in red varieties, so white grains are preferred as a better alternative. The hypothesis of this study was that white sorghum starch grown in Mexico has the necessary properties for industrial use. The objective was to evaluate the chemical, thermal and structural characteristics of starch extracted from white sorghum var. Mazatlan-16, and RB-Paloma. Protein, moisture, ash, fiber, fat, water absorption rate, and swelling capacity were evaluated. Thermal properties were determined by calorimetry and viscosity analysis; structural properties by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. One-way analysis of variance and Student’s t-test (p ≤ 0.05) were performed. The starch extracted from Mazatlán-16 grain contained the highest moisture (5.47 %), protein (0.72 %) and crude fiber values, and no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found for ash and fat content in both starch varieties. The water absorption rate and swelling power was higher for RB-Paloma variety starch (p ≤ 0.05). Regarding thermal properties, the maximum viscosity temperature was 80.55 and 89 °C for RB-Paloma and Mazatlan-16 starch, respectively; the peak gelatinization temperature was higher for Mazatlan-16 (72.28 °C) and showed differences (p ≤0.05) with RB-Paloma. Structural analysis revealed that the starches of both varieties correspond to the A-type crystalline pattern, with the presence of OH, CH in stretching, H2O and CH2 groups. The starches extracted from the two varieties showed properties suitable for use as a viable alternative in the food industry.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86020641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2408
Rigoberto Zetina Lezama, Sergio URIBE GOMEZ, Angel CAPETILLO BURELA, Nestor FRANCISCO NICOLAS, Carmen Aridai HERNANDEZ ESTRADA, Marco Antonio Reynolds-Chávez
On tropical hillsides, torrential rains cause surface runoff that removes soil particles, nutrients and agro-inputs. This process limits soil fertility, agrosystem productivity and the rural economy. A descriptive study was conducted on a hillside in Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico, to study water runoff and its runoff coefficients in four modalities of the “milpa intercropped with fruit trees” (MIAF) system, traditional and zero tillage, under rainfed conditions. The systems were established with a systematic design of treatments, without repetitions, between 2003 and 2011: 1) Milpa intercropped in chicozapote (Manilkara zapota), with sediment filter and minimum tillage (MIAF-CH-CF-LM); 2) Milpa intercropped with Persian lemon (Citrus x latifolia), with sediment filter and minimum tillage (MIAF-L-CF-LM); 3) Milpa intercropped in carambolo (Averrhoa carambola), with sediment filter and minimum tillage (MIAF-C-CF-LM); 4) Milpa intercropped in carambolo, without sediment filter and zero tillage (MIAF-C-SF-L0); 5) Zero tillage with crop residue distribution over the surface (Lo); and 6) Minimum tillage with crop residue burning and tracking (LM-QR). From August 2016 to February 2018, a 50 m2 runoff lot was installed in each system. Surface runoff was measured every 24 h; runoff sheet and runoff coefficient. The MIAF.system reduced surface runoff by 46.13 % with respect to that obtained in LM-QR. The MIAF systems with sediment filter and zero tillage without filter presented similar runoff and runoff coefficient values. The MIAF-CH-CF-LM system recorded the lowest runoff value among systems with tillage and filter. The L0 system showed the lowest volume and runoff coefficient.
在热带山坡上，暴雨造成地表径流，使土壤颗粒、养分和农业投入物流失。这一过程限制了土壤肥力、农业系统生产力和农村经济。在墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州洛斯图克斯特拉斯的一个山坡上进行了一项描述性研究，研究了在雨养条件下“米尔帕间作果树”(MIAF)系统、传统耕作和免耕作四种模式下的水径流及其径流系数。在2003 - 2011年期间，采用无重复的系统处理设计建立了该系统:1)在chicozapote (Manilkara zapota)中间作Milpa，使用沉积物过滤器和最少耕作(MIAF-CH-CF-LM);2) Milpa与波斯柠檬(Citrus x latifolia)间作，带沉积物过滤器和最少耕作(MIAF-L-CF-LM);3)在杨桃(Averrhoa carambola)中间作Milpa，采用沉积物过滤和最少耕作(MIAF-C-CF-LM);4)在carambolo中间作Milpa，不加底泥过滤，免耕(MIAF-C-SF-L0);5)免耕，作物残茬分布在地表(Lo);6)秸秆焚烧跟踪(LM-QR)的最少耕作。从2016年8月到2018年2月，每个系统安装了一个50平方米的径流地块。地表径流每24 h测量一次;径流表和径流系数。MIAF。与LM-QR相比，系统减少了46.13%的地表径流。有泥沙过滤器的MIAF系统和无过滤器的零耕系统的径流和径流系数值相似。MIAF-CH-CF-LM系统的径流量在有耕作和过滤的系统中最低。L0体系的体积和径流系数最低。
{"title":"DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF THE CAPACITY OF SIX HILLSIDE SOIL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN THE CONTROL OF SURFACE RUNOFF","authors":"Rigoberto Zetina Lezama, Sergio URIBE GOMEZ, Angel CAPETILLO BURELA, Nestor FRANCISCO NICOLAS, Carmen Aridai HERNANDEZ ESTRADA, Marco Antonio Reynolds-Chávez","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2408","url":null,"abstract":"On tropical hillsides, torrential rains cause surface runoff that removes soil particles, nutrients and agro-inputs. This process limits soil fertility, agrosystem productivity and the rural economy. A descriptive study was conducted on a hillside in Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico, to study water runoff and its runoff coefficients in four modalities of the “milpa intercropped with fruit trees” (MIAF) system, traditional and zero tillage, under rainfed conditions. The systems were established with a systematic design of treatments, without repetitions, between 2003 and 2011: 1) Milpa intercropped in chicozapote (Manilkara zapota), with sediment filter and minimum tillage (MIAF-CH-CF-LM); 2) Milpa intercropped with Persian lemon (Citrus x latifolia), with sediment filter and minimum tillage (MIAF-L-CF-LM); 3) Milpa intercropped in carambolo (Averrhoa carambola), with sediment filter and minimum tillage (MIAF-C-CF-LM); 4) Milpa intercropped in carambolo, without sediment filter and zero tillage (MIAF-C-SF-L0); 5) Zero tillage with crop residue distribution over the surface (Lo); and 6) Minimum tillage with crop residue burning and tracking (LM-QR). From August 2016 to February 2018, a 50 m2 runoff lot was installed in each system. Surface runoff was measured every 24 h; runoff sheet and runoff coefficient. The MIAF.system reduced surface runoff by 46.13 % with respect to that obtained in LM-QR. The MIAF systems with sediment filter and zero tillage without filter presented similar runoff and runoff coefficient values. The MIAF-CH-CF-LM system recorded the lowest runoff value among systems with tillage and filter. The L0 system showed the lowest volume and runoff coefficient.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90605934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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