Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22621.1
Mark Sterling, David C. Lees
We present a genome assembly from an individual female Mythimna l-album (the L-album Wainscot Moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence is 691.9 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z and W sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.39 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 18,379 protein coding genes.
我们展示了一个雌性个体 Mythimna l-album（L-album Wainscot Moth；节肢动物门；昆虫纲；鳞翅目；夜蛾科）的基因组序列。基因组序列跨度为 691.9 兆字节。大部分基因组组装成 32 个染色体假分子支架，包括 Z 和 W 性染色体。线粒体基因组也已组装完成，长度为 15.39 千碱基。在 Ensembl 上对该基因组进行的基因注释确定了 18,379 个蛋白质编码基因。
{"title":"The genome sequence of the L-album Wainscot Moth Mythimna l-album (Linnaeus, 1767)","authors":"Mark Sterling, David C. Lees","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22621.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22621.1","url":null,"abstract":"We present a genome assembly from an individual female Mythimna l-album (the L-album Wainscot Moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence is 691.9 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z and W sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.39 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 18,379 protein coding genes.","PeriodicalId":508490,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22607.1
David C. Lees
We present a genome assembly from an individual male Scrobipalpa costella (the Bittersweet Moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Gelechiidae). The genome sequence is 603.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.27 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 21,625 protein coding genes.
{"title":"The genome sequence of the Bittersweet Moth, Scrobipalpa costella (Humphreys & Westwood, 1845)","authors":"David C. Lees","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22607.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22607.1","url":null,"abstract":"We present a genome assembly from an individual male Scrobipalpa costella (the Bittersweet Moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Gelechiidae). The genome sequence is 603.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.27 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 21,625 protein coding genes.","PeriodicalId":508490,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":" 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22623.1
Adrian Spalding, Walther Traut, Richard H Ffrench-Constant
We present a genome assembly from an individual female Luperina nickerlii (the Sandhill Rustic; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence is 662.0 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The specimen was confirmed to be a ZO female. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.47 kilobases in length.
{"title":"The genome sequence of the Sandhill Rustic moth Luperina nickerlii (Freyer, 1845) subspecies leechi Goater, 1976","authors":"Adrian Spalding, Walther Traut, Richard H Ffrench-Constant","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22623.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22623.1","url":null,"abstract":"We present a genome assembly from an individual female Luperina nickerlii (the Sandhill Rustic; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence is 662.0 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The specimen was confirmed to be a ZO female. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.47 kilobases in length.","PeriodicalId":508490,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22568.1
Daniel Major-Smith, Isaac Halstead, Katie Major-Smith, Yasmin Iles-Caven, Jo House, Kate Northstone, Jean Golding
Climate change is causing a suite of environmental and social issues. Understanding patterns of climate change beliefs and behaviours, and the factors which shape these attitudes and actions, is therefore essential. This data note describes the novel data collection of climate belief and behaviour questions embedded within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a longitudinal population-based birth cohort in southwest England. Two generations of ALSPAC participants completed the questionnaires containing these climate questions: the Generation-1 (G1) offspring (n=4,341), Generation-0 (G0) mothers (n=4,793), and the G0 mother’s partners (n=2,111). The questions asked about: belief in climate change; concern over climate change; whether climate change is caused by human activity; whether individual behaviours can impact climate change; the impacts of climate change in the participants’ local area; and whether participants were engaging in any of 17 pro-environmental behaviours (e.g., recycling more, reducing meat/dairy consumption) for climate change and/or other reasons. The majority of participants believed the climate was definitely changing (~80%), were somewhat or very concerned about climate change (~90%) and attributed most or all of climate change to human activity (~75%), with only small differences between the generations. On average, participants reported engaging in between 5 and 6 actions because of concerns regarding climate change (5.8 in G0 mothers; 5.2 in G1 offspring and G0 partners). Associations with sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic background) were relatively weak, but positive relationships between highest level of education and greater climate change belief, concern and behaviours were evident. Increased climate belief and concern also predicted engaging in more pro-environmental actions. Responses to these climate questions were more similar within-families. This data note provides important information for future users of these data, as well as discussing some of the key strengths, limitations and considerations for data users.
{"title":"Climate change beliefs and behaviours: Data collected from 30-year-old offspring and their parents in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)","authors":"Daniel Major-Smith, Isaac Halstead, Katie Major-Smith, Yasmin Iles-Caven, Jo House, Kate Northstone, Jean Golding","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22568.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22568.1","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is causing a suite of environmental and social issues. Understanding patterns of climate change beliefs and behaviours, and the factors which shape these attitudes and actions, is therefore essential. This data note describes the novel data collection of climate belief and behaviour questions embedded within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a longitudinal population-based birth cohort in southwest England. Two generations of ALSPAC participants completed the questionnaires containing these climate questions: the Generation-1 (G1) offspring (n=4,341), Generation-0 (G0) mothers (n=4,793), and the G0 mother’s partners (n=2,111). The questions asked about: belief in climate change; concern over climate change; whether climate change is caused by human activity; whether individual behaviours can impact climate change; the impacts of climate change in the participants’ local area; and whether participants were engaging in any of 17 pro-environmental behaviours (e.g., recycling more, reducing meat/dairy consumption) for climate change and/or other reasons. The majority of participants believed the climate was definitely changing (~80%), were somewhat or very concerned about climate change (~90%) and attributed most or all of climate change to human activity (~75%), with only small differences between the generations. On average, participants reported engaging in between 5 and 6 actions because of concerns regarding climate change (5.8 in G0 mothers; 5.2 in G1 offspring and G0 partners). Associations with sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic background) were relatively weak, but positive relationships between highest level of education and greater climate change belief, concern and behaviours were evident. Increased climate belief and concern also predicted engaging in more pro-environmental actions. Responses to these climate questions were more similar within-families. This data note provides important information for future users of these data, as well as discussing some of the key strengths, limitations and considerations for data users.","PeriodicalId":508490,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"4 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22636.1
P. Kiyuka, Paul M. Gichuki, Henderica Nekesa, Collins Okoyo, Nelson Ouma, Joseph Mwangangi, P. Chi, Doris Njomo
Background Cervical cancer poses a significant public health problem globally. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination protects against HPV types 16 and 18, responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases. The optimal vaccination age is in the early adolescent period before sexual debut with possible HPV infection. In 2019, through the Ministry of Health, the Kenya government introduced the HPV vaccine to 10-14-year-old girls. However, analysis of the vaccine coverage across the counties shows that uptake is suboptimal. Our study proposes to apply the World Health Organization (WHO) Measuring Behavioural and Social Drivers (BeSD) of the vaccination framework to understand the barriers and facilitators of HPV vaccine uptake in two counties of Kenya. Methods The study design will be cross-sectional, utilising a mixed methods approach for data collection. We will sample 668 girls aged 10–14 years, across the two counties of Kwale and Mombasa and collect data using using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Qualitative data will be collected through focus group discussions with CHEWs, and community leaders, and key informant interviews with nurses, clinical officers, vaccine program managers and national vaccine focal persons. We will use the WHO BeSDvaccination framework as our conceptual framework. Significance Understanding the barriers and facilitators for HPV vaccination will help in developing strategies to be applied for improving HPV vaccine uptake.
{"title":"Understanding the barriers and facilitators of human papillomavirus vaccine uptake in Kwale and Mombasa counties in Kenya: A study protocol","authors":"P. Kiyuka, Paul M. Gichuki, Henderica Nekesa, Collins Okoyo, Nelson Ouma, Joseph Mwangangi, P. Chi, Doris Njomo","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22636.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22636.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Cervical cancer poses a significant public health problem globally. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination protects against HPV types 16 and 18, responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases. The optimal vaccination age is in the early adolescent period before sexual debut with possible HPV infection. In 2019, through the Ministry of Health, the Kenya government introduced the HPV vaccine to 10-14-year-old girls. However, analysis of the vaccine coverage across the counties shows that uptake is suboptimal. Our study proposes to apply the World Health Organization (WHO) Measuring Behavioural and Social Drivers (BeSD) of the vaccination framework to understand the barriers and facilitators of HPV vaccine uptake in two counties of Kenya. Methods The study design will be cross-sectional, utilising a mixed methods approach for data collection. We will sample 668 girls aged 10–14 years, across the two counties of Kwale and Mombasa and collect data using using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Qualitative data will be collected through focus group discussions with CHEWs, and community leaders, and key informant interviews with nurses, clinical officers, vaccine program managers and national vaccine focal persons. We will use the WHO BeSDvaccination framework as our conceptual framework. Significance Understanding the barriers and facilitators for HPV vaccination will help in developing strategies to be applied for improving HPV vaccine uptake.","PeriodicalId":508490,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"2 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22583.1
Hernán E. Morales, J. Groombridge, S. Tollington, Sion M. Henshaw, V. Tatayah, Kevin Ruhomaun, C. van Oosterhout, M. Gilbert
We present a genome assembly from an individual male Alexandrinus eques, formerly Psittacula eques (the Mauritius Parakeet; Chordata; Aves; Psittaciformes; Psittacidae). The genome sequence is 1203.8 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 35 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 18.86 kilobases in length.
{"title":"The genome sequence of the Mauritius parakeet, Alexandrinus eques (formerly Psittacula eques) (A.Newton & E. Newton, 1876)","authors":"Hernán E. Morales, J. Groombridge, S. Tollington, Sion M. Henshaw, V. Tatayah, Kevin Ruhomaun, C. van Oosterhout, M. Gilbert","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22583.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22583.1","url":null,"abstract":"We present a genome assembly from an individual male Alexandrinus eques, formerly Psittacula eques (the Mauritius Parakeet; Chordata; Aves; Psittaciformes; Psittacidae). The genome sequence is 1203.8 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 35 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 18.86 kilobases in length.","PeriodicalId":508490,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"5 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22486.1
Megan L. Wood, Amanda Waterman, Mark Mon-Williams, Liam J B Hill
Background Sensorimotor processes underpin skilled human behaviour and can thus act as an important marker of neurological status. Kinematic assessments offer objective measures of sensorimotor control but can generate countless output variables. This study sought to guide future analyses of such data by determining the key variables that capture children’s sensorimotor control on a standardised assessment battery deployed in cohort studies. Methods The Born in Bradford (BiB) longitudinal cohort study has collected sensorimotor data from 22,266 children aged 4–11 years via a computerised kinematic assessment battery (“CKAT”). CKAT measures three sensorimotor processing tasks (Tracking, Aiming, Steering). The BiB CKAT data were analysed using a “train then test” approach with two independent samples. Independent models were constructed for Tracking, Aiming, and Steering. The data were analysed using Principal Components Analysis followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results The kinematic data could be reduced to 4-7 principal components per task (decreased from >600 individual data points). These components reflect a wide range of core sensorimotor competencies including measures of both spatial and temporal accuracy. Further analyses using the derived variables showed these components capture the age-related differences reported in the literature (via a range of measures selected previously in a necessarily arbitrary way by study authors). Conclusions We identified the key variables of interest within the rich kinematic measures generated by a standardised tool for assessing sensorimotor control processes (CKAT). This work can guide future use of such data by providing a principled framework for the selection of the appropriate variables for analysis (where otherwise high levels of redundancy cause researchers to make arbitrary decisions). These methods could and should be applied in any form of kinematic assessment.
{"title":"Key kinematic measures of sensorimotor control identified via data reduction techniques in a population study (Born in Bradford)","authors":"Megan L. Wood, Amanda Waterman, Mark Mon-Williams, Liam J B Hill","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22486.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22486.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Sensorimotor processes underpin skilled human behaviour and can thus act as an important marker of neurological status. Kinematic assessments offer objective measures of sensorimotor control but can generate countless output variables. This study sought to guide future analyses of such data by determining the key variables that capture children’s sensorimotor control on a standardised assessment battery deployed in cohort studies. Methods The Born in Bradford (BiB) longitudinal cohort study has collected sensorimotor data from 22,266 children aged 4–11 years via a computerised kinematic assessment battery (“CKAT”). CKAT measures three sensorimotor processing tasks (Tracking, Aiming, Steering). The BiB CKAT data were analysed using a “train then test” approach with two independent samples. Independent models were constructed for Tracking, Aiming, and Steering. The data were analysed using Principal Components Analysis followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results The kinematic data could be reduced to 4-7 principal components per task (decreased from >600 individual data points). These components reflect a wide range of core sensorimotor competencies including measures of both spatial and temporal accuracy. Further analyses using the derived variables showed these components capture the age-related differences reported in the literature (via a range of measures selected previously in a necessarily arbitrary way by study authors). Conclusions We identified the key variables of interest within the rich kinematic measures generated by a standardised tool for assessing sensorimotor control processes (CKAT). This work can guide future use of such data by providing a principled framework for the selection of the appropriate variables for analysis (where otherwise high levels of redundancy cause researchers to make arbitrary decisions). These methods could and should be applied in any form of kinematic assessment.","PeriodicalId":508490,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"1 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22618.1
Ruiqi Li, Jingchun Li, Jose Victor Lopez, Graeme Oatley, Isabelle Ailish Clayton-Lucey, Elizabeth Sinclair, E. Aunin, Noah Gettle, Camilla Santos, Michael Paulini, Haoyu Niu, Victoria McKenna, Rebecca O’Brien
We present a genome assembly from an individual Tridacna derasa (the smooth giant clam; Mollusca; Bivalvia;Cardiida; Cardiidae). The genome sequence is 1,060.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 18 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 24.95 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 19,638 protein coding genes.
{"title":"The genome sequence of the smooth giant clam, Tridacna derasa Röding, 1798","authors":"Ruiqi Li, Jingchun Li, Jose Victor Lopez, Graeme Oatley, Isabelle Ailish Clayton-Lucey, Elizabeth Sinclair, E. Aunin, Noah Gettle, Camilla Santos, Michael Paulini, Haoyu Niu, Victoria McKenna, Rebecca O’Brien","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22618.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22618.1","url":null,"abstract":"We present a genome assembly from an individual Tridacna derasa (the smooth giant clam; Mollusca; Bivalvia;Cardiida; Cardiidae). The genome sequence is 1,060.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 18 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 24.95 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 19,638 protein coding genes.","PeriodicalId":508490,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.21282.1
Sophie E. Moore, Samantha McCann, Ousman Jarjou, Muhammed A. Danjo, B. Sonko, Ebrima A. Sise, Samuel Beaton, Daniel Tod, Greg Fegan, Andrew M. Prentice
Background Undernutrition during the early years of life has a harmful and irreversible impact on child growth and cognitive development. Many of the interventions tested to improve outcomes across infancy have had disappointing or inconsistent impact, a common feature being the absence of any attempt to provide nutritional supplements to infants during the first six months. With increasing evidence of micronutrient deficiencies in this age group, alongside strong evidence that growth and developmental deficits begin before six months, a renewed focus on the micronutrient status of infants is required. Methods This study is a five-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised efficacy trial of micronutrient supplementation to mothers (during pregnancy or pregnancy and lactation) and infants (Day 8 to six months of age) in rural Gambia, where rates of micronutrient deficiencies are high. 600 pregnant women (<20 weeks gestation) will be enrolled into one of five trial arms and followed to 12 months post-partum. The primary outcome will be infant brain development at six months, with micronutrient status, growth and neurocognitive development to 12 months as secondary outcomes. Discussion This novel research will identify the most efficacious way of improving micronutrient status in infancy, and assess impact on infant developmental outcomes, providing an evidence base for future effectiveness trials and policy recommendations. Trial registration ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN15063705, 09/07/2021); Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR202201552774601, 21/01/2022).
{"title":"Improving infant Neurocognitive Development and Growth Outcomes with micronutrients (INDiGO): A protocol for an efficacy trial in rural Gambia","authors":"Sophie E. Moore, Samantha McCann, Ousman Jarjou, Muhammed A. Danjo, B. Sonko, Ebrima A. Sise, Samuel Beaton, Daniel Tod, Greg Fegan, Andrew M. Prentice","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.21282.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.21282.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Undernutrition during the early years of life has a harmful and irreversible impact on child growth and cognitive development. Many of the interventions tested to improve outcomes across infancy have had disappointing or inconsistent impact, a common feature being the absence of any attempt to provide nutritional supplements to infants during the first six months. With increasing evidence of micronutrient deficiencies in this age group, alongside strong evidence that growth and developmental deficits begin before six months, a renewed focus on the micronutrient status of infants is required. Methods This study is a five-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised efficacy trial of micronutrient supplementation to mothers (during pregnancy or pregnancy and lactation) and infants (Day 8 to six months of age) in rural Gambia, where rates of micronutrient deficiencies are high. 600 pregnant women (<20 weeks gestation) will be enrolled into one of five trial arms and followed to 12 months post-partum. The primary outcome will be infant brain development at six months, with micronutrient status, growth and neurocognitive development to 12 months as secondary outcomes. Discussion This novel research will identify the most efficacious way of improving micronutrient status in infancy, and assess impact on infant developmental outcomes, providing an evidence base for future effectiveness trials and policy recommendations. Trial registration ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN15063705, 09/07/2021); Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR202201552774601, 21/01/2022).","PeriodicalId":508490,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"72 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.21105.1
A. Murray, Helen Wright, Hannah Casey, Yi Yang, Xinxin Zhu, Ingrid Obsuth, Marie Allitt, Dan Mirman, Patrick Errington, Josiah King
Background Given the challenges and resources involved in mental health intervention development and evaluation, it is valuable to obtain early evidence on which intervention targets represent the most promising investments. Observational datasets provide a rich resource for exploring these types of questions; however, the lack of randomisation to treatments in these data means they are vulnerable to confounding issues. Counterfactual analysis refers to a family of techniques within the potential outcomes framework that can help address confounding. In doing so, they can help differentiate potential intervention targets that may reflect genuine active ingredients in mental health from those that are only associated with mental health outcomes due to their common dependence on ‘third variables’. However, counterfactual analysis is rarely used for this purpose and where it is used in health research it is often implemented in a suboptimal fashion. One key reason may be a lack of accessible tutorials and software that embeds best practices. Methods To help promote the principled use of counterfactual analysis we developed DigiCAT. DigiCAT is an open digital tool built in R and Shiny that implements a range of counterfactual analysis methods. It is accompanied by accessible tutorials. The tool has been designed to handle real data, with capabilities for missing data, non-binary treatment effects, and complex survey designs. Results The current article describes the development of DigiCAT, drawing on user and lived experience expert input and provides an overview of its features and examples of its uses. Conclusions Counterfactual analysis could help prioritise intervention targets by establishing which ones remain associated with mental health outcomes after accounting for potential confounding. Accessible digital tools supported by clear guidance may help promote the uptake and principled use of these techniques.
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